CN102878569A - High-temperature air combustion intensifying device and method applicable to low heating value mixed garbage - Google Patents
High-temperature air combustion intensifying device and method applicable to low heating value mixed garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102878569A CN102878569A CN2012103483048A CN201210348304A CN102878569A CN 102878569 A CN102878569 A CN 102878569A CN 2012103483048 A CN2012103483048 A CN 2012103483048A CN 201210348304 A CN201210348304 A CN 201210348304A CN 102878569 A CN102878569 A CN 102878569A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature air combustion intensifying device and method applicable to low heating value mixed garbage, wherein a low-temperature preheater is arranged on the rear side of a U-shaped tail part flue; a garbage feeding opening is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of a furnace chamber; the side wall of the upper part of the furnace chamber is connected with the upper part of a cyclone separator; the bottom part of the cyclone separator is connected with the upper end of a back feeder; the lower end of the back feeder is connected with the side wall of the lower part of the furnace chamber; the upper end of the cyclone separator is connected with the upper part of the front side of a U-shaped combustion chamber; the lower end of the U-shaped combustion chamber is connected with the side wall of the lower part of the furnace chamber; the lower end of the furnace chamber is connected with the side wall of the lower part of the furnace chamber through a water-cooled cold slag sorting and back feeding device; and the upper part of the rear side of the U-shaped combustion chamber is connected with the upper part of the front side of the U-shaped tail part flue. The method utilizing the high-temperature air to intensify the low heating value garbage mixed combustion is more suitable for the domestic characteristics that the garbage has complicated components, high moisture and low heating value, has wider fuel application range, and is more sufficient and stable in combustion, the garbage can be purely combusted without the need of coal, the energy consumption is reduced, and the operating economy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solid waste incineration disposal technology, relate in particular to a kind of high temperature air intensified burning apparatus and method that is applicable to the low heat value composting.
Background technology
Along with China ur-banization speed is accelerated, the discharge capacity of domestic waste is increasing, and annual with 8%～10% speed increment, the requirement of garbage harmless recycling treatment is day by day urgent.Sanitary landfills, burning, compost, recovery and comprehensive utilization are technology of garbage disposal and the methods that generally adopts both at home and abroad at present.From strategy of sustainable development angle, the target of domestic rubbish disposal should be to realize innoxious, resource and minimizing.It is to realize the quick and effective technical method of minimizing that burning method is processed house refuse.At present, the processing mode of China's house refuse is take landfill as main.According to the experience of developed country's social and economic development, the ratio of burning disposal in China's Prediction for Solid Waste Treatment Technology will have larger increase.
External utilization Incineration of Household Refuse more, comparative maturity mainly is grate furnace at present.For the house refuse that they are higher for external calorific value, moisture content is lower, the burning disposal effect is better.But according to practical operating experiences, the external grate furnace of directly introducing is in burning disposal during not through in advance sorting, complicated component, calorific value is lower, moisture content is higher and excursion is larger life in China rubbish, the burning disposal effect is unsatisfactory, and expose that processing cost is high, steam parameter is low, operation is uneconomical, rubbish will burn through after stacking, percolate also will carry out the shortcomings such as subsequent treatment.Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is a kind of Novel clean combustion technology that last century, early sixties developed rapidly, has that fuel tolerance is wide, bed internal combustion mixing intensity is high, advantages such as stable operation, reduced investment and low pollution emission.Therefore circulating fluid bed domestic garbage burning is the superior burning mode of a kind of combination property, especially suitable China and other developing country's house refuse complicated components, the situation that moisture is high, calorific value is low.But Combustion technology of circulating fluidized also exists, and the rubbish pretreatment system is complicated, deslagging is difficult, burning electricity generation efficient is low, mix the shortcomings such as the higher and burning of coal ratio is abundant not, and new consumer waste incineration pollutes control criterion and has higher requirement to Consideration of MSW Incineration Technology, and regulation separate unit stove scale is that the newly-built consumer waste incineration facility discharging of 150 ton per days above (containing) Yan gas Zhong dioxin limit value is 0.1 ng TEQ/m
3Therefore, seek a kind of reasonable in design, flameholding, the Incineration in CFB technology that reliable, pollutant emission is lower than national new regulation limit value seems necessary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome that the rubbish pretreatment system is complicated, deslagging is difficult, burning electricity generation efficient is low, mix that the coal ratio is higher and burning is not enough not fully, a kind of high temperature air intensified burning apparatus and method that is applicable to the low heat value composting is provided.
The high temperature air intensified burning apparatus that is applicable to the low heat value composting comprises burner hearth, cyclone separator, burner hearth dilute-phase zone, burner hearth emulsion zone, garbage feeding mouth, water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device, material returning device, high-temperature air preheater, high temperature superheater, medium temperature overheater, low temperature superheater, an air preheater of secondary air, economizer, U-shaped burning chamber, low temperature air preheater, impingement separator and U-shaped back-end ductwork; Burner hearth 1 top is the burner hearth dilute-phase zone, lower furnace portion is the burner hearth emulsion zone, upper lateral part is provided with high-temperature air preheater before the U-shaped burning chamber, U-shaped burning chamber bottom is provided with impingement separator, U-shaped back-end ductwork front side is provided with high temperature superheater from top to bottom in turn, one air preheater of secondary air, medium temperature overheater, one air preheater of secondary air, low temperature superheater, economizer, U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side is provided with the low temperature air preheater, burner hearth 1 lower sides is provided with the garbage feeding mouth, the upper furnace sidewall is provided with cyclone separator top and links to each other, the cyclone separator bottom links to each other with the material returning device upper end, the material returning device lower end links to each other with the lower furnace portion sidewall, the cyclone separator upper end links to each other with upper lateral part before the U-shaped burning chamber, U-shaped burning chamber lower end links to each other with the lower furnace portion sidewall, the burner hearth lower end with link to each other with the lower furnace portion sidewall by water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device, upper lateral part links to each other with upper lateral part before the U-shaped back-end ductwork after the U-shaped burning chamber.
The high temperature air intensifying combustion mothod that is applicable to the low heat value composting is: rubbish is sent into the burner hearth emulsion zone by the garbage feeding mouth with 750～850 tons/day delivery rate, by high hotbed material with the rubbish ignition combustion, make the interior temperature of burner hearth evenly remain on 850～950 ℃, the fine grained that does not burn and refuse pyrolysis flue gas are blown into the burner hearth dilute-phase zone and burn away, fine grained separates by cyclone separator, send the burner hearth emulsion zone back to by material returning device, the slag that burning produces enters water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device, wherein coarse granule is collected, and fine grained is admitted to the burner hearth emulsion zone, be admitted to the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber by 850～900 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas of cyclone separator separation, through being arranged on the high-temperature air preheater of the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber, air heat is arrived 450-500 ℃, impingement separator is separated remaining fine grained in the flue gas, and loopback enters the burner hearth emulsion zone, flue gas time of staying of the combustion phases of burner hearth and U-shaped burning chamber greater than 5 seconds, after flue gas enters U-shaped back-end ductwork front side by U-shaped burning chamber rear side, pass through in turn from top to bottom high temperature superheater, one air preheater of secondary air, medium temperature overheater, one air preheater of secondary air, low temperature superheater, the economizer cooling, and turn to and enter U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side, upwards through low-temperature air preheater, realize the purpose of the high temperature air overheavy firing of low heat value composting.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has:
(1) compares with traditional domestic rubbish disposal incinerating method, the method that the present invention utilizes high temperature air to strengthen waste of low heating value mixed combustion more can adapt to China's rubbish complicated, high-moisture and low-calorie characteristics, fuel accommodation is wider, burns more stable abundant;
(2) formed strong mixed Multiple Cycle combustion system in the stove, mixing of materials is even in the stove, guarantee that temperature evenly is controlled in 850 ~ 1000 ℃ of scopes in the stove, the long (〉 5s of gas residence time), realizing burning temperature field in furnace full and uniform and controlled, is very effective for burning of fugitive constituent and fixed carbon, can not produce a large amount of materials that do not burn, such as organic pollutions such as carbon black, CO and PAHs, thereby can significantly suppress the generation of bioxin.
(3) the newly-installed U-shaped boiler of wound burning chamber, further improve the burn-out degree of flue gas, the U-shaped flue can the separating part flying dust, prevents the dust stratification of heated surface at the end of boiler, thereby the bioxin low-temp recovery becomes for suppressing, well facilitation is played in incinerator operation steady in a long-term.
(4) a wind hyperthermia radiation of U-shaped boiler burning chamber's import regenerative air heater has improved an air temperature (450-500 ℃), stablized bed temperature, strengthen waste incineration in the stove, effectively reduce simultaneously superheater porch cigarette temperature, prevent the corrosion of superheater localized hyperthermia.Importing and exporting at high-temperature air preheater in addition increases bypass to regulate hot blast temperature one time, efficiently solves the problem that the rubbish seasonal variety affects Boiler Stable Combustion.
(5) heated surface at the end of boiler adopts superheater and air preheater arranged crosswise, and coarse pitch is arranged, and effectively prevents fouling of heating surface, greatly prolongs the continuous operating time of incinerator.Reduce simultaneously bioxin in the regeneration of low temperature heating surface, reduce the original discharge concentration of incinerator bioxin.
(6) can directly carry out pure burning to rubbish, need not mix coal, reduce energy consumption, improve the economy of operation; Simultaneously separate unit boiler disposal of refuse ability is large, and burning is organized, and is stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high temperature air intensified burning apparatus structural representation that is applicable to the low heat value composting;
Among the figure: burner hearth 1, cyclone separator 2, burner hearth dilute-phase zone 3, burner hearth emulsion zone 4, garbage feeding mouth 5, water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device 6, material returning device 7, high-temperature air preheater 8, high temperature superheater 9, medium temperature overheater 10, low temperature superheater 11, an air preheater of secondary air 12, economizer 13, U-shaped burning chamber 14, low temperature air preheater 15, impingement separator 16.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the high temperature air intensified burning apparatus that is applicable to the low heat value composting comprises burner hearth 1, cyclone separator 2, burner hearth dilute-phase zone 3, burner hearth emulsion zone 4, garbage feeding mouth 5, water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device 6, material returning device 7, high-temperature air preheater 8, high temperature superheater 9, medium temperature overheater 10, low temperature superheater 11, an air preheater of secondary air 12, economizer 13, U-shaped burning chamber 14, low temperature air preheater 15, impingement separator 16 and U-shaped back-end ductwork; Burner hearth 1 top is burner hearth dilute-phase zone 3, burner hearth 1 bottom is burner hearth emulsion zone 4, U-shaped burning chamber 14 front upper lateral parts are provided with high-temperature air preheater 8, U-shaped burning chamber 14 bottoms are provided with impingement separator 16, U-shaped back-end ductwork front side is provided with high temperature superheater 9 from top to bottom in turn, one air preheater of secondary air 12, medium temperature overheater 10, one air preheater of secondary air 12, low temperature superheater 11, economizer 13, U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side is provided with low temperature air preheater 15, burner hearth 1 lower sides is provided with garbage feeding mouth 5, burner hearth 1 upper portion side wall is provided with cyclone separator 2 tops and links to each other, cyclone separator 2 bottoms link to each other with material returning device 7 upper ends, material returning device 7 lower ends link to each other with burner hearth 1 lower sides, cyclone separator 2 upper ends link to each other with U-shaped burning chamber 14 front upper lateral parts, U-shaped burning chamber 14 lower ends link to each other with burner hearth 1 lower sides, burner hearth 1 lower end with link to each other with burner hearth 1 lower sides by water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device 6, U-shaped burning chamber 14 rear upper lateral parts link to each other with upper lateral part before the U-shaped back-end ductwork.
The high temperature air intensifying combustion mothod that is applicable to the low heat value composting is: rubbish is sent into burner hearth emulsion zone 4 by garbage feeding mouth 5 with 750～850 tons/day delivery rate, by high hotbed material with the rubbish ignition combustion, make burner hearth 1 interior temperature evenly remain on 850～950 ℃, the fine grained that does not burn and refuse pyrolysis flue gas are blown into burner hearth dilute-phase zone 3 and burn away, fine grained separates by cyclone separator 2, send burner hearth emulsion zone 4 back to by material returning device 7, the slag that burning produces enters water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device 6, wherein coarse granule is collected, and fine grained is admitted to burner hearth emulsion zone 4, be admitted to the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber by 850～900 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas of cyclone separator 2 separation, through being arranged on the high-temperature air preheater of the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber, air heat is arrived 450-500 ℃, impingement separator 16 is separated remaining fine grained in the flue gas, and loopback enters burner hearth emulsion zone 4, flue gas time of staying of the combustion phases of burner hearth 1 and U-shaped burning chamber 14 greater than 5 seconds, after flue gas enters U-shaped back-end ductwork front side by U-shaped burning chamber 14 rear sides, from top to bottom in turn by high temperature superheater 9, one air preheater of secondary air 12, medium temperature overheater 10, one air preheater of secondary air 12, low temperature superheater 11, economizer 13 coolings, and turn to and enter U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side, upwards through low-temperature air preheater 15, realize the purpose of the high temperature air overheavy firing of low heat value composting.
To adopt the water-cooling wall thermal insulation to add heat insulation for burner hearth emulsion zone 4 dilute-phase zones 3 among the present invention, guarantees that temperature evenly is controlled in 850～950 ℃ of scopes in the stove, and mixing of materials is even in the stove, can realize the efficient stable burning.Burner hearth emulsion zone 4 interior Matter Transfers, the cold slag circulation of the flying dust circulation of cyclone separator separation 2 and cold slag sorting unit 6 sortings has consisted of the strong Multiple Cycle combustion system of mixing in the burner hearth, strengthens mixing of materials, has guaranteed burner hearth smooth combustion.Set up U-shaped burning chamber 14 behind the cyclone separator, further improved the burn-out degree of low heat value composting, increased the time of staying of inner flue gas of the stove, effectively reduced carbon black, CO Ji the discharging of the organic pollutions such as bioxin.U-shaped burning chamber 14 is comprised of vertical fin panel casing, U-shaped burning chamber establishes 14 bottoms impingement separator 16 can the separating part flying dust, effectively prevent the dust stratification of heated surface at the end of boiler, thereby bioxin generates for suppressing, well facilitation is played in incinerator operation steady in a long-term.High-temperature air preheater 8 is arranged in the entrance of U-shaped burning chamber 14, improve an air temperature (450-500 ℃), stablized bed temperature, strengthened waste incineration in the stove, simultaneously also can effectively reduce superheater 9(10,11) locate the cigarette temperature, prevent superheater 9(10,11) localized hyperthermia's corrosion.High-temperature air preheater 8 import and exports have been set up bypass system, in order to regulate hot blast temperature one time, efficiently solve the problem that the rubbish seasonal variety affects Boiler Stable Combustion.Superheater and an auxiliary air preheater 12 arranged crosswise in the back-end surfaces, coarse pitch is arranged, air preheater 8(12,15) pitch 180mm, economizer 13 pitch 90mm effectively prevent fouling of heating surface, greatly prolong the continuous operating time of incinerator.Reduce simultaneously bioxin in the regeneration of low temperature heating surface, reduce the original discharge concentration of incinerator bioxin.
Pure burning house refuse amount can reach 800 tons/day in the coal situation not mixing in the present invention, and the refuse thermal value that burning is burnt can be low to moderate 3200kJ/kg, temperature evenly remains on 850～950 ℃ in the stove, is not only the important leverage that harmful substance is decomposed fully, and has effectively prevented the slagging scorification in the stove.The burn decrement rate of slag all is lower than 0.5%, is lower than 5% requirement far below the end slag burn decrement rate of defined in the national standard, illustrates that the inner operating tissue is good, only exists few physics imperfect combustion.SO in the flue gas
2, HCl, HF, NO
xThe discharging of the dusty gas such as, bioxin all is up to state standards, and wherein the concentration of emission value of dioxin is lower than 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm
3Content of beary metal has all reached the pollution control criterion of agricultural Of Heavy Metal Level In Sludge in the lime-ash, can be used as agricultural mud and uses.
Therefore, optimization of combustion technology provided by the invention, realized that high temperature air strengthens pure burning low heat value composting, guaranteed the low emission of combustion stability and the pollutant of rubbish, greatly improved the economy of garbage power plant operation as the important component part in China's domestic garbage comprehensive processing disposal technology system, suitable China's national situation will promote the development of the harmless resource utilization integrated treatment science technology and industry of China's house refuse.
Claims (2)
1. a high temperature air intensified burning apparatus that is applicable to the low heat value composting is characterized in that comprising burner hearth (1), cyclone separator (2), burner hearth dilute-phase zone (3), burner hearth emulsion zone (4), garbage feeding mouth (5), water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device (6), material returning device (7), high-temperature air preheater (8), high temperature superheater (9), medium temperature overheater (10), low temperature superheater (11), one air preheater of secondary air (12), economizer (13), U-shaped burning chamber (14), low temperature air preheater (15), impingement separator (16) and U-shaped back-end ductwork; Burner hearth (1) top is burner hearth dilute-phase zone (3), burner hearth (1) bottom is burner hearth emulsion zone (4), the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber (14) is provided with high-temperature air preheater (8), U-shaped burning chamber (14) bottom is provided with impingement separator (16), U-shaped back-end ductwork front side is provided with high temperature superheater (9) from top to bottom in turn, one air preheater of secondary air (12), medium temperature overheater (10), one air preheater of secondary air (12), low temperature superheater (11), economizer (13), U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side is provided with low temperature air preheater (15), burner hearth (1) lower sides is provided with garbage feeding mouth (5), burner hearth (1) upper portion side wall is provided with cyclone separator (2) top and links to each other, cyclone separator (2) bottom links to each other with material returning device (7) upper end, material returning device (7) lower end links to each other with burner hearth (1) lower sides, cyclone separator (2) upper end links to each other with U-shaped burning chamber (14) front upper lateral part, U-shaped burning chamber (14) lower end links to each other with burner hearth (1) lower sides, burner hearth (1) lower end with link to each other with burner hearth (1) lower sides by water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device (6), upper lateral part links to each other with upper lateral part before the U-shaped back-end ductwork after the U-shaped burning chamber (14).
2. high temperature air intensifying combustion mothod that is applicable to the low heat value composting that use is installed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that rubbish passes through garbage feeding mouth (5) and sends into burner hearth emulsion zone (4) with 750～850 tons/day delivery rate, by high hotbed material with the rubbish ignition combustion, make the interior temperature of burner hearth (1) evenly remain on 850～950 ℃, the fine grained that does not burn and refuse pyrolysis flue gas are blown into burner hearth dilute-phase zone (3) and burn away, fine grained separates by cyclone separator (2), send burner hearth emulsion zone (4) back to by material returning device (7), the slag that burning produces enters water cooling cold cinder sorting and feeding back device (6), wherein coarse granule is collected, and fine grained is admitted to burner hearth emulsion zone (4), be admitted to the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber by 850～900 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas of cyclone separator (2) separation, through being arranged on the high-temperature air preheater of the front upper lateral part of U-shaped burning chamber, air heat is arrived 450-500 ℃, impingement separator (16) is separated remaining fine grained in the flue gas, and loopback enters burner hearth emulsion zone (4), flue gas time of staying of the combustion phases of burner hearth (1) and U-shaped burning chamber (14) greater than 5 seconds, after flue gas enters U-shaped back-end ductwork front side by U-shaped burning chamber (14) rear side, from top to bottom in turn by high temperature superheater (9), one air preheater of secondary air (12), medium temperature overheater (10), one air preheater of secondary air (12), low temperature superheater (11), economizer (13) cooling, and turn to and enter U-shaped back-end ductwork rear side, upwards through low-temperature air preheater (15), realize the purpose of the high temperature air overheavy firing of low heat value composting.
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| CN103234212A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-07 | 中工国际工程股份有限公司 | Rear smoke channel of biomass boiler and biomass boiler |
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| CN104976620A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-10-14 | 福建朗乾坤环保科技有限公司 | Device and method for garbage incineration |
| CN106931452A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-07 | 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 | Saturated fluidized bed rubbish furnace structure with afterburning chamber |
| CN108006685A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | A kind of waste incineration CFB boiler of multistage gas-solid separating device arranged in series |
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| CN108006685A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | A kind of waste incineration CFB boiler of multistage gas-solid separating device arranged in series |
| CN108006685B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2024-06-21 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | Multistage gas-solid separation device series arrangement's msw incineration CFB boiler |
| CN109185892A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-11 | 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of recirculating fluidized bed garbage fired boiler structure |
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