CN102877217B - Flexible nonwoven fabrics and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible nonwoven fabrics and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102877217B CN102877217B CN201210240831.7A CN201210240831A CN102877217B CN 102877217 B CN102877217 B CN 102877217B CN 201210240831 A CN201210240831 A CN 201210240831A CN 102877217 B CN102877217 B CN 102877217B
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- composite fibre
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- shrinkable
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/02—Masks
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/50—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
- D10B2509/02—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of flexible nonwoven fabrics and manufacture method thereof.A kind of flexible nonwoven fabrics, comprise heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) 90 mass %～60 mass % that use the different at least 2 kinds of resinous principles of fusing point to be obtained equably and hot adherence composite fibre (B) 10 mass % that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained～the lamellar of 40 mass %, by specific heat treatment (1), and after making heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction, by specific heat treatment (2), and make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then, thus make it engage integration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of retractility and flexible time the non-woven fabrics of excellent strength, its ear-hanger being particularly suitable for disposable breathing mask or the base fabric of cataplasma, binder etc..And then, the present invention relates to the manufacture method of this kind of non-woven fabrics.
Background technology
Then make fiber non-woven fabrics the most then by the heat of the low melting point composition of the hot adherence composite fibre comprising 2 kinds of different thermoplastic resins of fusing point, owing to health and sense of touch are excellent, be therefore usually used in mask or the purposes such as the paper napkin, wet paper towel.As the method giving retractility to this kind of non-woven fabrics, it is known to when making hot adherence composite fibre heat then, use the method (referring for example to patent documentation 1) such as manifesting the fiber crispaturaed.
But, in this kind of method, due in heat treatment step, manifested caused thermal contraction by the then caused interfibrous joint of the heat of hot adherence composite fibre carry out simultaneously with by crispaturaing of heat-shrinkable composite fibre, therefore sufficiently shrink at heat-shrinkable composite fibre and engage between front fiber.Therefore, the retractility of the non-woven fabrics obtained or texture are the most insufficient.Further, since produce heat then during fiber position relationship each other just changes, therefore exist and be difficult to form firm then point, and cause this problem of intensity being difficult to obtain enough non-woven fabrics.
Prior art literature
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 59-211668 publication
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problem in the presence of described prior art, it is provided that the feel of a kind of lossless non-woven fabrics or uniformity and unprecedented retractility and flexible time the non-woven fabrics of excellent strength.
Present inventor et al. in order to obtain retractility and flexible time the non-woven fabrics of excellent strength and carried out making great efforts research.Its result, find that following non-woven fabrics can reach desired purpose, thus complete this invention, this non-woven fabrics is the non-woven fabrics obtained by the following manner: mixed equably with specific ratio with hot adherence composite fibre by heat-shrinkable composite fibre, under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle minimum than the fusing point constituting heat-shrinkable composite fibre, the thermal contraction implementing spirally to be crispaturaed by heat-shrinkable composite fibre and manifest, then at a temperature of the softening point exceeding the minimum resinous principle of the fusing point constituting hot adherence composite fibre, this low-melting resinous principle is made to melt by heat between fiber then, so that it engages integration.
nullTherefore，The present invention is a kind of flexible nonwoven fabrics，Comprise heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) 90 mass %～60 mass % that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained equably、And use hot adherence composite fibre (B) 10 mass %～the lamellar (web) of 40 mass % that the different at least 2 kinds of resinous principles of fusing point are obtained，By than the heat treatment (1) constituted among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum，And after making heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction，By the heat treatment (2) at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point at the resinous principle minimum than fusing point among the resinous principle of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) of composition，And make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then，So that it engages integration.The treatment temperature of heat treatment (1) preferably ratio constitutes among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), fusing point low 5 DEG C～the temperature of 20 DEG C of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is following flexible nonwoven fabrics: heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) comprises Noblen or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer and is selected from the olefin-propylene random copolymer of a kind or 2 kinds in ethylene and alpha-olefin and propylene, and hot adherence composite fibre (B) comprises Noblen or polyethylene terephthalate and Alathon.As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is the flexible nonwoven fabrics with following form: heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) is the eccentric sheath core pattern that resinous principle minimum for fusing point is arranged in sheath side, and this resinous principle accounts for the 30%～90% of fiber surface.
nullAnd then，The present invention is towards the manufacture method of described flexible nonwoven fabrics，The method is the manufacture method of the flexible nonwoven fabrics comprised the steps: the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) obtained by least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different、And the hot adherence composite fibre (B) that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained is with (A): the amount ratio of (B)=90:10～60:40 mixes equably and obtains lamellar，Under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, this lamellar is being implemented heat treatment (1) than constituting among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A)，And make heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction，Then at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point of the resinous principle minimum than fusing point among the resinous principle of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) of composition，Described lamellar is implemented heat treatment (2)，And make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then，So that it engages integration.
The effect of invention
The texture of the flexible nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is good, when having carried out repeat pull, and its elongation recovery rate and the balancing good of intensity during elongation, ear-hanger or the purposes of the base fabric of cataplasma, binder etc. of disposable breathing mask can be preferably used for.
Manufacturing method according to the invention, in the manufacture process of non-woven fabrics, mainly manifests thermal contraction, secondly mainly manifests heat then, therefore can reach sufficient texture, and the intensity of non-woven fabrics can be made to become abundant, thus can obtain the flexible nonwoven fabrics of excellence.
Detailed description of the invention
In the present invention, so-called " mixing equably ", refer to carry out thermal contraction and heat then before, heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) is mixed with hot adherence composite fibre (B).It addition, so-called " comprising equably ", refer to that heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) is included in the lamellar obtained by described mixing with the state mixed with hot adherence composite fibre (B).
nullThe flexible nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is to comprise heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) 90 mass %～60 mass % that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained equably、And use hot adherence composite fibre (B) 10 mass %～the lamellar of 40 mass % that the different at least 2 kinds of resinous principles of fusing point are obtained，By than the heat treatment (1) constituted among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum，And after making heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction，By the heat treatment (2) at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point at the resinous principle minimum than fusing point among the resinous principle of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) of composition，And make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then，So that it engages integration.
The heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) of flexible nonwoven fabrics and the fibre length of hot adherence composite fibre (B) indefinite is constituted used in the present invention, but after just making heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction fully, for making hot adherence composite fibre (B) heat then, it is usually preferred to cut into the chopped fiber of about 10mm～100mm.
For making the viewpoint that the retractility of the retractility adhesive-bonded fabric as target and intensity time flexible manifest the most evenly, the retractility adhesive-bonded fabric of the present invention is by being 90 mass %～60 mass % with heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), and the lamellar mixed equably with the ratio that hot adherence composite fibre (B) is 10 mass %～40 mass % makes.Wherein, preferably by being 85 mass %～65 mass % with heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), the retractility adhesive-bonded fabric made by lamellar mixed equably with the ratio that hot adherence composite fibre (B) is 15 mass %～35 mass %.
This kind of lamellar can pass through known device, the such as device such as carding machine, random loom (randomweber), by heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) with hot adherence composite fibre (B) with (A): the quality ratio of (B)=90:10～60:40 mixes and manufactures.
Be in the range of 90 mass %～60 mass % by the ratio of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), can make retractility (recovery rate), flexible time intensity and the texture of non-woven fabrics become good.
Heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) used in the present invention is the heat-shrinkable composite fibre comprising at least 2 kinds of different resinous principles of fusing point.As constituting among the resinous principle of this heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, the olefin-propylene random copolymer of in ethylene and alpha-olefin a kind based on propylene or 2 kinds and propylene can be illustrated.As alpha-olefin, such as, can illustrate: butene-1, amylene-1, hexene-1, heptene-1, octene-1,4-methylpentene-1 etc..Can also and by two or more in these ethylene and alpha-olefin.Concrete example as olefin-propylene random copolymer, ethylene-propylene random copolymer, propene-1-butene-1 random copolymer, ene-propylene-butene-1 random copolymer, butene-hexene-1 random copolymer, propylene-octene-1 random copolymer etc. can be illustrated, and their mixture, the form of polymerization is usually random copolymer but it also may comprise block copolymer as mixture.The minimum resinous principle of described fusing point is just in the step manufacturing heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), i.e. processability in manifesting spinning extension step, or during thermal contraction in the step of heat treatment (1), for the most not making interfibrous heat then manifest, its fusing point preferably high than the treatment temperature of heat treatment (1) 5 DEG C～the fusing point of 20 DEG C.Therefore, when the resinous principle that described fusing point is minimum is olefin-propylene random copolymer, its fusing point preferably 125 DEG C～the scope of 138 DEG C.
nullAmong the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) constituting the present invention，When the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum is olefin-propylene random copolymer，For becoming present aspect，Comprise 90 mass %～the propylene of 98 mass %、1 mass %～the ethylene of 7 mass %、Ene-propylene-butene-1 random copolymer of the butene-1 of 1 mass %～5 mass %，Or comprise 90 mass %～the propylene of 98 mass %、The ethylene-propylene random copolymer of the ethylene of 2 mass %～10 mass % it is also preferred that，Just carry out low-temperature processability during shrink process by heat、For the viewpoint of contractility，More preferably use and comprise 90 mass %～the propylene of 97 mass %、The ethylene-propylene random copolymer of the ethylene of 3 mass %～10 mass %，Or comprise 90 mass %～the propylene of 96 mass %、3 mass %～the ethylene of 7 mass %、Ene-propylene-butene-1 random copolymer of the butene-1 of 1 mass %～5 mass %.In these copolymers, if propylene is more than 90 mass %, then fusing point will not become too low, extended the decline of processability when manufacturing this heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) be not likely to produce by spinning or be not likely to produce interfibrous heat then when thermal contraction, sufficient retractility can be obtained when making non-woven fabrics.If it addition, propylene is below 98 mass %, then produces when thermal contraction and sufficiently shrink, sufficient retractility can be obtained when making non-woven fabrics.
Furthermore, as long as do not make the degree that the heat-shrinkable of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) declines terrifically or the degree suppressing heat-shrinkable mildly, the most optionally can also be among the resinous principle constituting heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, olefin-propylene random copolymer such as adds the inorganic matters such as titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, or fire retardant, pigment and other polymer.
Among resinous principle as the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) constituted used in the present invention, the resinous principle that fusing point is high, can be preferably with Noblen or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer, for the rigidity aspect of fiber, more preferably Noblen.This kind of Noblen or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer can be obtained by general Ziegler-Natta catalyst etc..For the resinous principle that described fusing point is high is necessary in the step of heat treatment (2) not melting and keeps the viewpoint of the form of fiber, preferably with constitute heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) resinous principle among, the fusing point difference of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum is more than 20 DEG C.Therefore, when the resinous principle that described fusing point is high is described Noblen or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer, its fusing point preferably more than 158 DEG C.
Furthermore, in the range of the effect damaging the present invention indistinctively, can also be among the resinous principle constituting heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), resinous principle i.e. Noblen that fusing point is high or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer add the inorganic matters such as titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, or fire retardant, pigment and other polymer.
Among the resinous principle of the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) in the composition present invention, the area ratio of the resinous principle that resinous principle that fusing point is minimum is high with fusing point is (such as, in the case of eccentric sheath core type composite fiber, the area ratio of the sheath composition (low-melting resinous principle) on the section that fiber is cut on the direction orthogonal with fiber axis direction and core composition (resinous principle that fusing point is high)) preferably 30/70～70/30 scope, the scope of more preferably 40/60～60/40.If this area ratio is 30/70～70/30, then the thermal shrinkage force that can produce from the step of heat treatment (1) gives the most spiral helicine crispaturaing to fiber, therefore can obtain the flexible nonwoven fabrics that retractility is excellent.If it addition, in the range of described area ratio, then can give the most spiral helicine crispaturaing, therefore thermal contraction is the most, can obtain sufficient retractility.
Constituting among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) in the present invention, low-melting resinous principle is preferably arranged in the eccentric sheath core pattern of sheath side by the complex morphological of the resinous principle that resinous principle that fusing point is minimum is high with fusing point.The resinous principle that more preferably fusing point is minimum accounts for the eccentric sheath core type composite fiber of 30%～the 95% of fiber surface.If this kind of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), then, when thermal contraction, spiral helicine crispaturaing becomes easier to manifest, and the retractility of non-woven fabrics promotes effect and improves.
Heat treatment (1) can be passed through make spiral crispatura the performance that manifests under the conditions of this having, and in not hindering the degree of effect of the present invention, the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) used in the present invention can also be following fiber: crispaturaed by the machinery giving at least one crimped shape with sawtooth pattern or Ω type etc. continuously the most in the longitudinal direction.
It addition, heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) the preferably percent thermal shrinkage in the present invention is more than 60%, this percent thermal shrinkage is will to be used alone this fiber and be 200g/m by the weight per unit area made by carding machine2Comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning lamellar cut into vertical 25cm × horizontal 25cm, then air drier is utilized, 5 minutes heat treatments are carried out at 145 DEG C, then cooling is placed, and measure (so-called MD direction, MD direction, refer to extract out the direction of comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning lamellar from carding machine) length and the percent thermal shrinkage that obtains, with regard to make the retractility of obtained non-woven fabrics or flexible time strength balance for the viewpoint that manifests, more preferably this percent thermal shrinkage is more than 70%.
Hot adherence composite fibre (B) used in the present invention is the hot adherence composite fibre that at least 2 kinds of resins using fusing point different are obtained, for non-woven fabrics with regard to being obtained has this viewpoint of good retractility, preferably there is the hot adherence composite fibre crispaturaed of sawtooth pattern, screw type or Ω type, wherein, more preferably there is the hot adherence composite fibre crispaturaed of screw type.Hot adherence composite fibre (B) is following composite fibre: in heat treatment (2), by constituting among the resinous principle of this hot adherence composite fibre (B), the heat fusing of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, and by hot adherence composite fibre (B) intersection point each other and or with the intersection point heat of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) then.
Hot adherence composite fibre (B) used in the present invention is the hot adherence composite fibre that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained, as constituting among the resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B), the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, preferably high density polyethylene (HDPE), as long as damaging the effect of the present invention indistinctively, then can also add other polymer such as Low Density Polyethylene or straight-chain Low Density Polyethylene.Flexible nonwoven fabrics in order to be obtained obtains sufficient retractility, the minimum resinous principle of described fusing point, preferably when the thermal contraction making heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) in the step in heat treatment (1) manifests, does not make the hot adherence of hot adherence composite fibre (B) manifest.Therefore, among the resinous principle constituting hot adherence composite fibre (B), when the resinous principle that described fusing point is minimum is high density polyethylene (HDPE), its fusing point preferably 125 DEG C～the scope of 135 DEG C.
As the resinous principle that the fusing point of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) constituted used in the present invention is high, can be preferably with Noblen or polyethylene terephthalate.The fusing point of the resinous principle that described fusing point is high is not just melted in the step of heat treatment (2) and keeps the form of fiber, for the viewpoint of the rigidity improving non-woven fabrics when becoming non-woven fabrics, preferably there is the fusing point of high more than 20 DEG C of the fusing point of the resinous principle minimum than described fusing point.Therefore, when the resinous principle that described fusing point is high is Noblen or polyethylene terephthalate, its fusing point preferably more than 158 DEG C.
As the resinous principle that the fusing point of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) constituted used in the present invention is high, available Noblen.Noblen can be obtained by general Ziegler-Natta catalyst etc..As long as it addition, damage the effect of the present invention indistinctively, then can also be as ethylene-propylene random copolymer, ene-propylene-butene-1 random copolymer and propene-1-butene-1 random copolymer with the copolymer of a small amount of ethylene and/or butene-1.
Hot adherence composite fibre (B) in heat treatment (1), there is the heat-shrinkable less than the heat-shrinkable of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), or being non-thermal contraction under the conditions of this, the complex morphological of the resinous principle that the low-melting resinous principle of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) in the present invention is high with fusing point can use the structure of concentric sheath core pattern, eccentric sheath core pattern, parallel type etc..Just hot adherence composite fibre (B) in heat treatment (1), manifest the heat-shrinkable less than the heat-shrinkable of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) under the conditions of this, for the spiral helicine viewpoint becoming easily to manifest of crispaturaing, preferably low-melting composition is arranged in the eccentric sheath core pattern of sheath side, and then, being easier to manifest to make the solid of screw type crispatura, a more preferably part for the resinous principle that fusing point is high exposes the form to fiber surface.
Additionally, the area ratio of the resinous principle that the low-melting resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B) is high with fusing point, i.e., the sheath composition on section cut fiber on the direction orthogonal with fiber axis direction is (such as, when hot adherence composite fibre (B) is sheath core type composite fiber, low-melting resinous principle) with the scope of the area ratio preferably 30/70～70/30 of core composition (resinous principle that fusing point is high), the scope of more preferably 40/60～60/40.And then, in order to make hot adherence composite fibre (B) have outspoken nature, more preferably improve the ratio of the high resinous principle of fusing point, and make the resinous principle that low-melting resinous principle and fusing point are high become the scope of 50/50～40/60.If the resinous principle that the low-melting resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B) is high with fusing point is in the range of 30/70～70/30, then the retractility of non-woven fabrics is good with the balance of intensity time flexible, can maintain both performances.
In the same manner as the mensuration of the percent thermal shrinkage of described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), for making the viewpoint that intensity during obtained non-woven fabrics flexible manifests effectively, preferably will be used alone hot adherence composite fibre (B) and be 200g/m by the weight per unit area made by carding machine2Comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning lamellar cut into vertical 25cm × horizontal 25cm, then utilize air drier, at 145 DEG C, carry out 5 minutes heat treatments, then place cooling, and measure the length in MD direction and the percent thermal shrinkage that obtains is less than 10%.
In the present invention, in the step of heat treatment (2), hot adherence composite fibre (B) manifests hot adherence, but in order between reinforcing fiber then, in this step, however not excluded that heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) also manifests hot adherence.But, if too strong by manifesting of hot adherence produced by heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), then integration securely between fiber, therefore become easily to lose retractility.In order to have the better balance of retractility and intensity time flexible, preferably with respect to constituting among the resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B), the fusing point of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, constitute among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), the fusing point of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum exceedes its 7 DEG C and the most lower than it, more preferably above its 5 DEG C and the most lower than it.
Following presentation manufactures the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) used in the present invention and the step of hot adherence composite fibre (B).Using low-melting resinous principle formed at least one of mode of fiber surface use parallel type spinning mouth or by low-melting composition as sheath composition and by composition high for fusing point as the sheath core pattern spinning mouth of core composition or eccentric sheath core pattern spinning mouth, spin thermoplastic resin by commonly used melt spinning machine, and utilize recycling machine to reclaim.Now, to blow to immediately below spinning mouth by quenching, the thermoplastic resin of semi-molten state is cooled down, thus can manufacture the composite fibre of non-extension state.Now, the spray volume at random setting molten thermoplastic resin and the recovery speed not extending silk, make and do not extend silk relative to the fiber footpath that target fiber number is 1 times～about 5 times.
The silk that do not extends obtained is extended by commonly used elongator, thus can be made into and extends silk (composite fibre before processing of crispaturaing).Furthermore, in normal circumstances, it is being heated between 40 DEG C～the roller of 120 DEG C and roller, is implementing prolonged treatment in the way of making the speed between roller than the scope becoming 1:1～1:5.Optionally, the processing machine extension silk to being obtained of crispaturaing utilizing box gives crispaturaing and forms tow.
Attachment steps about fibre finish, the method having the method adhered to when the recovery not extending silk by kiss roll (kissroll) or adhered to by contact roller method, infusion process, nebulization etc. when extending and/or after extension, is adhered to by the step of at least one of these methods.Use chopper and combine purposes and this tow is cut into arbitrary fibre length and uses.
By the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) obtained in this way and hot adherence composite fibre (B) with (A): the quality ratio of (B)=90:10～60:40 mixes equably and obtains lamellar.
The making of lamellar can use the known device such as carding machine, random loom, is carried out by conventional method.So, can obtain and comprise heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) 90 mass %～60 mass % that use the different at least 2 kinds of resinous principles of fusing point to be obtained equably and hot adherence composite fibre (B) 10 mass % that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained～the lamellar of 40 mass %.
Constitute among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) at ratio, under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, the lamellar obtained in this way is implemented heat treatment (1) and makes heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction, then constitute among the resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B) at ratio, at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, described lamellar is implemented heat treatment (2), and make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then, so that it engages integration.
It is also contemplated that following method: in heat treatment (1), only heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) is carried out heat treatment, then this is mixed with hot adherence composite fibre (B) through the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) of thermal contraction, obtain non-woven fabrics by heat treatment (2).But, in the method, in heat treatment (1), heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) reason each other manifests and spiral helicine crispatura caused thermal contraction and be the most mutually wound around, so even hot adherence composite fibre (B) is blended in the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) of this state, also it is difficult to make each fiber be uniformly dispersed, and sufficient retractility cannot be obtained.It addition, when utilizing carding machine etc. to make lamellar, the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) spirally crispaturaed suffers from undue stress and is elongated, and the most also becomes the reason of the hydraulic performance decline making retractility.
Therefore, first lamellar (this lamellar be mixed equably with hot adherence composite fibre (B) by heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) and comprise both equably) is made not carrying out, by heat, the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) that processes with not mixed by the hot hot adherence composite fibre (B) carrying out processing.Thereafter, in heat treatment (1), make heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction in lamellar, thus make spiral helicine crispaturaing manifest, then, in heat treatment (2), make hot adherence composite fibre (B) heat in lamellar then, thus make fiber indirectly close integration.The heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) that the non-woven fabrics obtained passes through spirally to crispatura is between engaged fiber or between the grid of fiber, and more effectively manifest the effect of so-called spring-like, thus without the infringement feel of non-woven fabrics or uniformity, and unprecedented retractility and flexible time the balancing good of intensity.
As the concrete form of the heat treatment for described lamellar, the form that can be listed below.Constitute among the resinous principle of heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) at ratio, carry out heat treatment (1) at a temperature of low 5 DEG C～20 DEG C of the fusing point of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, the most first make heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) thermal contraction.Spirally crispatura by heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) and make thermal contraction manifest.This heat treatment (1) can be carried out by the known device such as infrared heating, air drier, heating roller.Utilize identical device, constitute among the resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B) at ratio, at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, the lamellar making thermal contraction manifest is carried out heat treatment, heat from there through the low-melting resinous principle of hot adherence composite fibre (B) then makes fiber indirectly close integration, thus can be manufactured as the flexible nonwoven fabrics of target.
Embodiment 1
Secondly, specifically describe the present invention by example, but the present invention is not limited to Examples below.Furthermore, definition and the assay method of the term used in example, comparative example are as described below.
(1) fusing point softening point: (unit: DEG C)
Utilize the differential scanning calorimetry DSC-Q10 that TAInstruments manufactures, the temperature corresponding with the crest melted on absorption curve making thermoplastic polymer be obtained when heating up with 10 DEG C/min is set to the fusing point of this thermoplastic polymer, following extrapolation being melted and start temperature and be set to softening point, this extrapolation melts that to start temperature be that the baseline before the tangent line drawn of the some place to the maximum inclination erecting part at this crest and crest is extrapolated the temperature of obtained intersection point.
(2) fiber number: (unit: dtex)
It is measured according to JISL1015.
(3) melt flow rate (MFR) (MeltFlowRate, MFR): (unit: g/10min)
According to JISK7210(230 DEG C, 21.18N) it is measured.MFR is the value that thermoplastic polymer is measured gained as sample.
(4) percent thermal shrinkage
Heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) or hot adherence composite fibre (B) will be used alone, and be 200g/m by the weight per unit area greatly and made by the Small Sized Carding Machines of machine work manufacture2Comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning lamellar cut into vertical 25cm × horizontal 25cm, then utilize air drier, at 145 DEG C, carry out 5 minutes heat treatments.Thereafter, place cooling, and measure length cm(X in MD direction), then calculate percent thermal shrinkage according to (1) formula.
((25-X)/25) × 100=percent thermal shrinkage (%) ... ... (1) formula
(5) elongation recovery rate and hot strength
In the way of making length direction become MD direction, long 150mm is cut out from made non-woven fabrics, the test film of wide 25mm, use the cupping machine AutographAGS-J that Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. manufactures, following action is continuously repeated 10 times, i.e. with 100mm between chuck, draw speed 300mm/min carries out stretching till tensile elongation becomes 50%, revert to 100mm between chuck the most at once, the percentage elongation (L) of 0 is reverted to for each drawing numbers mensuration ultimate tensile strength (intensity when stretching 50%) and hot strength, and calculate elongation recovery rate according to (2) formula.Obtain the elongation recovery rate of the 10th time and ultimate tensile strength (intensity when stretching 50%, unit is N).
((50-L)/50) × 100=extends recovery rate (%) (2) formula
(6) texture
For the texture of made non-woven fabrics, visually confirm with the benchmark of 3 following grades.
Well (zero): produce thermal contraction equably, it is thus achieved that the non-woven fabrics that texture is good
Good (Δ): substantially evenly produce thermal contraction, slightly see the uneven of texture
Bad (×): thermal contraction produces the most equably and there is the uneven of texture
The heat-shrinkable composite fibre used and the fibre morphology of hot adherence composite fibre and manufacture method are shown in table 1, table 2.
(1) heat-shrinkable composite fibre-1 and the heat-shrinkable composite fibre-2 of the heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) as the present invention are shown in table 1.As shown in table 1, use 2 kinds of resinous principles that fusing point is different, and utilize possess extruder, the device for spinning of parallel type spinning mouth that aperture is 0.8mm, recycling machine, devices for taking-up etc., and possess multistage heating roller and the extension apparatus clogging box crimper (crimped shape can be fixed by steam), manufacture each heat-shrinkable composite fibre under the conditions shown in Table 1.
(2) hot adherence composite fibre-1～the hot adherence composite fibre-3 of the hot adherence composite fibre (B) as the present invention are shown in table 2.As shown in table 2, use 2 kinds of resinous principles that fusing point is different, and utilize possess extruder, the device for spinning of eccentric sheath core pattern spinning mouth that aperture is 0.8mm, recycling machine, devices for taking-up etc., and possess multistage heating roller and the extension apparatus clogging box crimper (crimped shape can be fixed by steam), manufacture each hot adherence composite fibre under the conditions shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 1
Being mixed with the ratio of the blending ratio 75/25 shown in table 3 with hot adherence composite fibre-1 by heat-shrinkable composite fibre-1 shown in table 1, table 2, utilizing big and the manufacture of machine work Small Sized Carding Machines production unit area weight is 25g/m2Lamellar, as heat treatment (1), by air drier, at the design temperatures of 120 DEG C, mean wind speed 0.8m/sec, under conditions of process time 12sec, make heat-shrinkable composite fibre-1 manifest by producing spiral helicine caused contraction of crispaturaing.Then, as heat treatment (2), likewise by air drier, under conditions of the design temperatures of 130 DEG C, mean wind speed 0.8m/sec, process time 12sec, the heat of heat then composite fibre-1 is utilized then to make the non-woven fabrics having engaged integration between fiber.
About manifesting by the phenomenon caused by heat treatment (1), heat treatment (2), utilize scanning electron microscope (ScanningElectronMicroscope, SEM) sample after terminating each heat treatment is observed, result is after heat treatment (1), confirm that creating the spiral helicine of heat-shrinkable composite fibre crispaturas and do not produce interfibrous heat then, after heat treatment (2), confirm the interfibrous heat not being confirmed in heat treatment (1) then.
Use the non-woven fabrics made as above, confirm the texture of non-woven fabrics as described, and utilize stretching test machine determination elongation recovery rate, intensity when extending.
Example 2～example 7, comparative example 1～comparative example 5
In addition to being changed to the temperature of the combination of the heat-shrinkable composite fibre shown in table 3 and heat-shrinkable composite fibre and blending ratio, heat treatment (1), heat treatment (2), make non-woven fabrics with the method identical with example 1, and measure intensity when extending recovery rate, elongation.
[table 1]
[table 2]
[table 3]
As according to example 1～the result of example 7 clearly, the texture of the flexible nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is good, when having carried out repeat pull, and the balancing good of the intensity during elongation 50% with the 10th time of its elongation recovery rate.
In contrast, when not using hot adherence composite fibre as comparative example 1, although elongation recovery rate is good, but the intensity during elongation of the 10th time is extremely low, the balanced differences of intensity when elongation recovery rate and elongation.
In comparative example 2, comparative example 3, if the temperature of heat treatment (2), heat treatment (1) is too high, although then the elongation 50% of the 10th time time intensity uprise, but texture or elongation recovery rate decline.
In comparative example 4, if the blending ratio of heat-shrinkable composite fibre is too low, then the intensity during elongation 50% of the 10th time declines.Its reason is: uprised by the blending ratio of hot adherence composite fibre, increased by heat then produced interfibrous abutment, starting stage at repeat pull, intensity when extending 50% shows high level, but because repeating multi-drawing test, interfibrous abutment is destroyed, the intensity step-down during elongation 50% of the 10th time.
Comparative example 5 is except using heat-shrinkable composite fibre-2, and increases beyond the fiber number of hot adherence composite fibre, identical with comparative example 2, no matter but fiber number, if the temperature of heat treatment (2) is too high, then become the result identical with comparative example 2.
Industrial applicability
The balancing good of the intensity when elongation recovery rate of the repetition of the non-woven fabrics of the present invention and elongation, even if repeating to stretch, also keeping high intensity during elongation, and can be used as the ear-hang component of disposable breathing mask, the base fabric of cataplasma, binder, supporter etc..It addition, this retractility also has the effect as elastomer, by this kind of effect additional in previous purposes, its multifunction can be made.
Claims (4)
1. a flexible nonwoven fabrics, it is characterised in that:
Comprise heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) 90 mass %～60 mass % that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained equably, and use hot adherence composite fibre (B) 10 mass %～the lamellar of 40 mass % that the different at least 2 kinds of resinous principles of fusing point are obtained, by at the ratio heat treatment (1) constituted among the resinous principle of described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, and after making the thermal contraction of described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A), by the heat treatment (2) at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point at the resinous principle minimum than fusing point among the resinous principle of the described hot adherence composite fibre (B) of composition, and make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then, thus engage integration.
Flexible nonwoven fabrics the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) comprises Noblen or Ethylene-Propylene Block Copolymer and is selected from the olefin-propylene random copolymer of a kind or 2 kinds in ethylene and alpha-olefin and propylene, and described hot adherence composite fibre (B) comprises Noblen or polyethylene terephthalate and Alathon.
Flexible nonwoven fabrics the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
Described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) is the eccentric sheath core pattern that resinous principle minimum for fusing point is arranged in sheath side, and this resinous principle accounts for the 30%～95% of fiber surface.
4. the manufacture method of a flexible nonwoven fabrics, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
nullThe heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A) that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained、And the hot adherence composite fibre (B) that at least 2 kinds of resinous principles using fusing point different are obtained is with (A): the quality ratio of (B)=90:10～60:40 mixes equably and obtains lamellar，Under the fusing point lower temperature of the resinous principle that fusing point is minimum, this lamellar is being implemented heat treatment (1) than constituting among the resinous principle of described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A)，And make the thermal contraction of described heat-shrinkable composite fibre (A)，Then at a temperature of high 5 DEG C～10 DEG C of the softening point of the resinous principle minimum than fusing point among the resinous principle of the described hot adherence composite fibre (B) of composition，Described lamellar is implemented heat treatment (2)，And make the resinous principle that this fusing point is minimum melt by heat between fiber then，Thus engage integration.
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| JP2011154317A JP5831840B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Stretchable nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same |
| JP2011-154317 | 2011-07-12 |
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| CN104960290A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 怀宁县鑫源无纺布有限公司 | Preparation method of composite elastic nonwoven fabric |
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| CN1279310A (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-10 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Extendable nonwoven fabrics and manufacture thereof |
| CN101535549A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2009-09-16 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Method of producing stretchable sheet |
| CN101652508A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-02-17 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Nonwoven stretch fabric |
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| JP2545248B2 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1996-10-16 | チッソ株式会社 | Stretchable non-woven fabric |
| JP2741113B2 (en) * | 1991-04-24 | 1998-04-15 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Method for manufacturing stretchable nonwoven fabric |
| JP3276578B2 (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 2002-04-22 | 大和紡績株式会社 | Thermally bonded nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same |
| JPH10272081A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-13 | Fukuron Kk | Nonwoven fabric for cleaning, and manufacture thereof |
| JP4320080B2 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2009-08-26 | 大和紡績株式会社 | Stretchable nonwoven fabric excellent in heat sealability and method for producing the same |
| AU2002226738B9 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2007-04-05 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Non-woven fabrics of wind-shrink fiber and laminates thereof |
| JP2006112025A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2006-04-27 | Chisso Corp | Elastic nonwoven fabric and fiber product manufactured therefrom |
| US20090308524A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2009-12-17 | Kao Corporation | Stretch nonwoven fabric and process of producing the same |
| JP4980941B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-07-18 | 株式会社クラレ | Stretch material and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2010070859A (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-02 | Japan Vilene Co Ltd | Evaporating nonwoven fabric |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0775572A2 (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1997-05-28 | Chisso Corporation | Laminated non-woven fabric and process for producing the same |
| CN1279310A (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-10 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Extendable nonwoven fabrics and manufacture thereof |
| CN101535549A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2009-09-16 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Method of producing stretchable sheet |
| CN101652508A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-02-17 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | Nonwoven stretch fabric |
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| JP5831840B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| JP2013019076A (en) | 2013-01-31 |
| KR20130008477A (en) | 2013-01-22 |
| TW201303104A (en) | 2013-01-16 |
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