CN102873416A - Electrode and machining method for electrolytic grooving of blisks - Google Patents
Electrode and machining method for electrolytic grooving of blisks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An electrode for electrolytic grooving of blisks is integrally of a hollow finger-shaped structure. An electrolyte channel is arranged inside the electrode, narrow grooves (1) with the widths of 0.6mm are circumferentially arranged at intervals of 1mm and are positioned at locations distanced from the upper edge of an outer profile close to a finger end of the electrode by 1/3-1/2, an electrolyte delivery pipeline (2) is disposed inside the electrode, a plugging structure (3) is arranged at the finger end so that the electrolyte delivery pipeline (2) is of a blind hole structure, and electrolyte only can flow out from the narrow grooves (1). A machining method for electrolytic grooving of the blisks includes that the electrode for electrolytic grooving of the blisks is used as a special tool, and an anode of a workpiece is dissolved in the electrolyte under the action of an electric field, so that the purpose of performing dimension machining for the workpiece is achieved; and the pressure of the electrolyte ranges from 4MPa to 6MPa, and the allowance reserved on a profile of a blisk body is 3.5mm. The electrode and the machining method have the advantages that the allowance reserved during electrolytic machining is uniform, high precision of repetition can be realized easily, a good flow field is obtained during electrolytic machining, and machining efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mechanical structured member technical field of electrolysis processing, a kind of blisk electrolysis fluting electrode is provided especially.
Background technology
In the 4th generation aero-engine of newly development, for improving the thrust-weight ratio of engine, adopted a kind of new structure---blisk.The blisk requirement on machining accuracy is high, and difficulty of processing is large.Adopting the Electrolyzed Processing blisk is cheaply processing method of high-efficiency high-quality, and the Electrolyzed Processing of blisk is divided into fluting processing (or being called runner processing) and the processing of blade profile.Requirement for the processing of electrolysis fluting is: working (machining) efficiency wants high, and the surplus of staying for blade profile electrolysis Precision Machining is wanted evenly, in order to make the blade profile finishing step reach drawing requirement.For this reason, the processing of the electrolysis of blisk fluting on the basis of raising the efficiency, be satisfied the requirement of lower operation processing, and namely surplus is wanted evenly.
At present, the electrolysis fluting processing of blisk adopts the method for overlaying processing to carry out, overlaying processing is to adopt the electrode that is similar to the leaf cross-section shape, this shape is the minimum envelop face of the profile in all cross sections of envelope blade, when adopting overlaying processing, electrode is when making straight-line feed, electrode also will rotate according to the windup-degree of blade, with the runner processing of blade out, the shortcoming of the method is that the blade profile shape of processing is identical, in fact each cross section of blade is different, the allowance of staying for the fine finishining of subsequent handling blade profile is inhomogeneous, this blade profile processing to the back is very disadvantageous, can't realize processing without the surplus precision ECM.
People urgently wish to obtain the good blisk electrolysis fluting electrode of a kind of technique effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the good blisk electrolysis fluting electrode of a kind of technique effect.High in order to satisfy electrolysis fluting working (machining) efficiency, give the uniform requirement of surplus that processing is stayed of blade profile after the fluting processing, make the blade profile finishing step reach drawing requirement.In the electrolysis fluting processing of leaf dish, adopt a kind of new processing method and new electrode structure, it is low to have solved working (machining) efficiency, guarantees that the allowance that stays is even, surplus uniformity coefficient≤3.5mm, satisfy the requirement of rear operation processing, guaranteed the machining accuracy of part.
The invention provides a kind of blisk electrolysis fluting electrode, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral, electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove 1 that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is provided with plugging structure 3, so that electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove 1.
Under electric field action, the workpiece anode dissolves in electrolyte, reach the purpose of workpiece being carried out dimensioned, in Electrolyzed Processing, the pressure of electrolyte is generally 4-6mMPa, electrode moves downward according to certain track, workbench is according to certain rotational speed, the two motion forms the blade passage track, finishes the processing of leaf dish runner, and working (machining) efficiency can reach 1mm/min, process 1 groove of certain machine Pyatyi blisk processing and need 30 minutes, processing a blisk needs the time in a week, can improve working (machining) efficiency more than 30% with overlaying processing, and the surplus that the blade profile is stayed evenly can reach 3.5mm.Favourable condition is provided for follow-up blade profile electrolysis fine finishining, has guaranteed the realization of blisk precision ECM technology.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part 4 with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place; The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove 1 is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 cross-sectional diameters of processing sections inside are φ 3.5mm; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure 5 with electrode away from the installation shaft part 4 of finger tip.
A kind of blisk electrolysis fluting of the present invention processing method is characterized in that: use blisk electrolysis fluting to use electrode as specific purpose tool, described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral; Electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove 1 that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is provided with plugging structure 3, so that electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove 1; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part 4 with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place; The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place;
Under electric field action, the workpiece anode dissolves in electrolyte, reaches the purpose of workpiece being carried out dimensioned;
In the electrochemical machining process, the pressure of electrolyte is 4-6MPa, electrode moves downward according to certain track, and workbench is according to certain rotational speed, and the two motion forms the blade passage track, finish the processing of leaf dish runner, working (machining) efficiency can reach 1mm/min, and processing 1 groove of certain machine Pyatyi blisk processing needs 30 minutes, processes the time that a blisk needs a week, can improve working (machining) efficiency more than 30% with overlaying processing, the surplus that the blade profile is stayed evenly can reach 3.5mm.Favourable condition is provided for follow-up blade profile electrolysis fine finishining, has guaranteed the realization of blisk precision ECM technology.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove 1 is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 cross-sectional diameters of processing sections inside are φ 3.5mm;
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure 5 with electrode away from the installation shaft part 4 of finger tip.
Innovation main points of the present invention also are:
1, the outer mold surface of electrode is the outer shape of the maximum cross section that do not interfere of this runner of obtaining after in blisk part three dimensional design figure the runner of blade being carried out demixing scan, and then calculate the shape of electrode by rounding, it or not a kind of simple geometric figure, purpose be make runner by the fluting Electrolyzed Processing shape as far as possible near the shape of blade profile, surplus is even in follow-up Electrolyzed Processing, obtains easily high-precision accuracy of repetition.
2, the delivery port of electrode design, the delivery port design of electrode is very important to Electrolyzed Processing, it has determined the quality in electrolyte flow field, in the Electrolyzed Processing, the flow field not only is directly connected to the height of Electrolyzed Processing precision, the quality of surface quality, even can determine that can Electrolyzed Processing implement, reasonably flow Field Design is that Electrolyzed Processing is able to successful basis.The head of electrode is processing integrated impeller blade root, it is large that its water yield is wanted, and the root of electrode to be the water yield of the relative head of water yield of processing blade tip want less, the such uniformity in guarantee flow field, according to requirements, darker at the narrow groove that the head of electrode is processed, and more shallow in the degree of depth of the narrow groove of root, water yield is different, makes and has obtained preferably flow field in the Electrolyzed Processing.
The use of new electrode structure of the present invention has improved blisk electrolysis fluting working (machining) efficiency more than 30%, has obtained the better economic benefit that gets.The novel electrode rear allowance that can guarantee to slot is even, and follow-up blisk blade profile precision ECM processing is achieved.Established technical foundation to realizing the processing of blisk precision ECM.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments:
Fig. 1 is the electrode structure sketch;
Fig. 2 is the blisk method of loci machining sketch chart of slightly slotting;
Fig. 3 is blisk fluting schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
A kind of blisk electrolysis fluting electrode, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral, electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove 1 that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is provided with plugging structure 3, so that electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove 1.
Under electric field action, the workpiece anode dissolves in electrolyte, reach the purpose of workpiece being carried out dimensioned, in Electrolyzed Processing, the pressure of electrolyte is generally 4-6mMPa, electrode moves downward according to certain track, workbench is according to certain rotational speed, the two motion forms the blade passage track, finishes the processing of leaf dish runner, and working (machining) efficiency can reach 1mm/min, process 1 groove of certain machine Pyatyi blisk processing and need 30 minutes, processing a blisk needs the time in a week, can improve working (machining) efficiency more than 30% with overlaying processing, and the surplus that the blade profile is stayed evenly can reach 3.5mm.Favourable condition is provided for follow-up blade profile electrolysis fine finishining, has guaranteed the realization of blisk precision ECM technology.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part 4 with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place; The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove 1 is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 cross-sectional diameters of processing sections inside are φ 3.5mm; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure 5 with electrode away from the installation shaft part 4 of finger tip.
A kind of blisk electrolysis fluting of present embodiment processing method is characterized in that: use blisk electrolysis fluting to use electrode as specific purpose tool, described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral; Electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove 1 that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is provided with plugging structure 3, so that electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove 1; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part 4 with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place; The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place;
Under electric field action, the workpiece anode dissolves in electrolyte, reaches the purpose of workpiece being carried out dimensioned;
In the electrochemical machining process, the pressure of electrolyte is 4-6MPa, electrode moves downward according to certain track, and workbench is according to certain rotational speed, and the two motion forms the blade passage track, finish the processing of leaf dish runner, working (machining) efficiency can reach 1mm/min, and processing 1 groove of certain machine Pyatyi blisk processing needs 30 minutes, processes the time that a blisk needs a week, can improve working (machining) efficiency more than 30% with overlaying processing, the surplus that the blade profile is stayed evenly can reach 3.5mm.Favourable condition is provided for follow-up blade profile electrolysis fine finishining, has guaranteed the realization of blisk precision ECM technology.
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove 1 is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline 2 cross-sectional diameters of processing sections inside are φ 3.5mm;
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure 5 with electrode away from the installation shaft part 4 of finger tip.
The innovation main points of present embodiment also are:
1, the outer mold surface of electrode is the outer shape of the maximum cross section that do not interfere of this runner of obtaining after in blisk part three dimensional design figure the runner of blade being carried out demixing scan, and then calculate the shape of electrode by rounding, it or not a kind of simple geometric figure, purpose be make runner by the fluting Electrolyzed Processing shape as far as possible near the shape of blade profile, surplus is even in follow-up Electrolyzed Processing, obtains easily high-precision accuracy of repetition.
2, the delivery port of electrode design, the delivery port design of electrode is very important to Electrolyzed Processing, it has determined the quality in electrolyte flow field, in the Electrolyzed Processing, the flow field not only is directly connected to the height of Electrolyzed Processing precision, the quality of surface quality, even can determine that can Electrolyzed Processing implement, reasonably flow Field Design is that Electrolyzed Processing is able to successful basis.The head of electrode is processing integrated impeller blade root, it is large that its water yield is wanted, and the root of electrode to be the water yield of the relative head of water yield of processing blade tip want less, the such uniformity in guarantee flow field, according to requirements, darker at the narrow groove that the head of electrode is processed, and more shallow in the degree of depth of the narrow groove of root, water yield is different, makes and has obtained preferably flow field in the Electrolyzed Processing.
The use of the described new electrode structure of present embodiment has improved blisk electrolysis fluting working (machining) efficiency more than 30%, has obtained the better economic benefit that gets.The novel electrode rear allowance that can guarantee to slot is even, and follow-up blisk blade profile precision ECM processing is achieved.Established technical foundation to realizing the processing of blisk precision ECM.
The described electrode structure of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, its head is the working portion of Electrolyzed Processing, outer shape is similar to taper, this be since integrated impeller blade be to open wide shape radially, the diameter large-spacing is large, it is large that the shape of runner becomes gradually.Have effluent trough at working portion, different according to the Flow Field Distribution fluting depth, if contoured surface can not realize, also can select the A/F difference to change the size of flow.The electrode mid portion is a square shape, can be used for angle location or clamp to use.The inner chamber of the rear section of electrode is the part that is connected with the electrolyte pipeline, has adopted the gas thread connection, so that have the good sealing function that gets after connecting.The outside is the outer garden of φ 22mm, can partly be connected with the clamping of electrode, and electrode holder on the electrode pedestal, is fixed on the lathe, keeps a relative correct position with workpiece.
Blisk is the new construction of the 4th generation engine employing, it is made of one blade and wheel disc, tenon, tongue-and-groove and locking device that conventional leaf dish connects have been reduced, avoided tenon to connect windage loss, alleviate construction weight and number of spare parts, increased substantially operating efficiency, thrust-weight ratio and the reliability of engine.
Blisk is complicated, required precision is high, adopt the numerical control milling processing difficulties, especially brought larger difficulty for the leaf dish that adopts the manufacturing of aviation difficult-to-machine material to numerical control milling, the cutter loss is large, process-cycle is long, causes high manufacturing cost, will find the method for a kind of high-quality, efficient, low cost fabrication blisk for this reason.Electrolyzed Processing blisk working (machining) efficiency is high, and cost is low, can improve working (machining) efficiency 30~60% according to introducing Electrolyzed Processing abroad than digital control processing, and processing cost can reduce by 5~10 times.
Present domestic blisk Electrolyzed Processing equipment and technical study are at the early-stage, still are in development.Adopt in a large number the trend of blisk and new model to develop, promote the needs of manufacturing technology according to aero-engine, it is very necessary carrying out blisk Electrolyzed Processing equipment and technical study.In recent years, my company and height carry out technological cooperation, at the key problem in technology of having broken through the blisk Electrolyzed Processing aspect the blisk Electrolyzed Processing, developed the equipment and process technology with independent intellectual property right, it is feasible adopting the Electrolyzed Processing blisk of engine, can satisfy engine leaf dish part high-quality, efficient, low-cost purpose of processing.
The blisk Electrolyzed Processing generally all is to be finished by thick, smart two road manufacturing procedures, i.e. the roughing of electrolysis fluting, the smart Electrolyzed Processing of blade profile.The electrolysis machine tool that roughing is used mainly is to remove expeditiously excess metal, processes the blade profile runner at Ye Panshang, and leaves uniform allowance to subsequent handling.Fine finishining is the final processing that guarantees precision of blades, reaches the requirement of design drawing.
Roughing fluting has two kinds of jacking and method of locis.This scheme is method of loci processing, and it is a kind of method of simple possible.Machine tool structure is simple, and forms of motion is easy to realize.The method adopts worktable rotary to drive workpiece and rotates, and main tapping band moving electrode moves downward, and the resultant motion of the two is a spiral trajectory.So just, form runner between a leaf at workpiece, such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3.
Behind runner of every processing, the leaf dish rotates a fixing angle in process, and namely calibration is processed next runner, through reprocessabilty, forms runner between equidistant leaf at the leaf dish.By top figure, electrolysis machine tool has two main movements, i.e. the main shaft V that moves up and down
Z, worktable rotary motion n adds synkinesia, such as the adjustment V of radial distance
X, main shaft is to the adjustment V of workbench center
YDeng.After the processing of blisk electrolysis fluting, just can carry out the precision ECM processing of leaf dish blade profile.
Claims (5)
1. the blisk electrolysis is slotted and is used electrode, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral, electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove (1) that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) is provided with plugging structure (3), so that electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove (1).
2. use electrode according to the described blisk electrolysis of claim 1 fluting, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part (4) with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place;
The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place.
3. use electrode according to the described blisk electrolysis fluting of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove (1) is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) cross-sectional diameter of processing sections inside is φ 3.5mm
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure (5) with electrode away from the installation shaft part (4) of finger tip.
4. blisk electrolysis fluting processing method is characterized in that: use blisk electrolysis fluting with electrode as specific purpose tool, described blisk electrolysis fluting is hollow finger with electrode integral; Electrode interior is that hollow-core construction mainly is the passage as electrolyte, its near the outer mold surface in a section of finger tip place≤1/2 total length on along the circumferential direction the 1/3-1/2 place have a narrow groove (1) that 0.6mm is wide every 1mm so that electrolyte can be communicated to the processing district by narrow groove; Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) with electrode interior; The finger tip place of the close processing sections of described electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) is provided with plugging structure (3), so that electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) is blind hole structure, electrolyte can only flow out from narrow groove (1); Described blisk electrolysis fluting is installation shaft part (4) with electrode away from an end of finger tip, and its external diameter is more than 1.5 times of processing sections external diameter at finger tip place; The processing sections outer mold surface at finger tip place is the pyramidal structure of gradual change, becomes gradually large away from the outer mold surface external diameter at finger tip place;
Under electric field action, the workpiece anode dissolves in electrolyte, reaches the purpose of workpiece being carried out dimensioned;
In the electrochemical machining process, the pressure of electrolyte is 4-6MPa, and electrode moves downward according to certain track, and workbench is according to certain rotational speed, and the two motion forms the blade passage track, finishes the processing of leaf dish runner, and the surplus that the blade profile is stayed is 3.5mm.
5. according to the described blisk electrolysis fluting of claim 4 processing method, it is characterized in that: described blisk electrolysis fluting is 100mm with the overall length of electrode, and wherein, the shaft part axial length that outer mold surface is provided with narrow groove (1) is 32mm; The finger tip end outer mold surface external diameter of processing sections is φ 5mm, away from the finger tip of processing sections and with axle head total length that the processing sections outer mold surface consists of continuous conical surfaces be 55mm, electrolyte transfer pipeline (2) cross-sectional diameter of processing sections inside is φ 3.5mm;
Described blisk electrolysis fluting is provided with screw-internal thread fit structure (5) with electrode away from the installation shaft part (4) of finger tip.
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CN104400163A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-03-11 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Blisk electrolysis slotting machining annular electrode and technology method |
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CN109158721A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of integral blade disk electrochemical machining method |
CN110605445A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrochemical machining method for non-uniform-speed double-rotation transformation machining edge cathode blisk |
CN110883393A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-17 | 常州工学院 | Cathode for large-cutting-depth numerical control electrolytic machining |
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