CN102865062B - Physical analog device for electrical logging detector entity built by ultrafiltration - Google Patents
Physical analog device for electrical logging detector entity built by ultrafiltration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical analog device for an electrical logging detector entity built by ultrafiltration. The physical analog device comprises a lower surrounding rock stratum analog layer, an original target layer stratum analog layer and an upper surrounding rock stratum analog layer which are connected with one another from bottom to top, wherein a target layer invaded zone stratum analog layer is arranged on the inner side of the original target layer stratum analog layer; a wellhole is formed in the central axial direction of the analog device; a detector is placed in the wellhole; an outer circular zone is arranged at the periphery of the analog device; a far-end loop electrode of the detector is arranged on the outer circular zone; each analog layer of the lower surrounding rock stratum analog layer, the original target layer stratum analog layer, the upper surrounding rock stratum analog layer and the target layer invaded zone stratum analog layer comprises a container wall which is formed by a flat ultrafiltration membrane in a hot-melting or adhering mode; insulating micro-beads are respectively filled in each container wall; inorganic salt ion solution with corresponding concentration is injected into each analog layer to form each analog layer with set resistivity; and a plurality of conductivity probes are arranged in each analog layer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil electrical log equipment research and development field, it relates to a kind of entity physical simulating device that can carry out bad ground log response test to full-scale electric logging probe, for verifying theory deduction and the numerical simulation calculation result of electric logging probe, particularly relating to a kind of ultrafiltration and building electric logging probe entity physical simulating device.
Background technology
Probe physical simulating device is as equipment special, for carrying out log response characteristic (longitudinally, radial investigation characteristics to the full-scale probe of 1:1, certainty of measurement, longitudinal frame, Deng) physical analogy, be the key checking link to the numerical simulation algorithm in probe designs and probe preparation method and technique, and provide reliable foundation for probe optimal design.Physical analogy process (also referred to as logging method experiment) is important step indispensable in the research and development of electric logging probe especially high-end imaging electric logging probe.
As follows to the main method of carrying out physical analogy and experiment in the research of electric logging probe and production at present.
1, conductive rubber method
Building electric logging probe entity physical simulating device with conductive rubber is a kind of traditional method, the drawback of this method is because the non-hydrophilic of rubber causes conducting medium often to adopt metal or non-metallic particle, cause on electrical conduction mechanism different with the ionic conduction of petroleum reservoir, coupling difficulty between different electric module, the sulfidization molding of large volume is very difficult, lack of homogeneity, cost are higher and easily aging etc.; So there is no be widely used, especially not high-end imaging electric logger in recent years (as array induction, three-component induction and array side to etc.) physical analogy in be applied.
2, large volume pond method
(logger effective scope of detection is exceeded with certain volume, general radius is greater than 5 meters) pond fill the water of certain salinity, certain conductivity environments under Infinite medium can be simulated due to ionic conduction effect, can be used for the K value (instrument coefficient, for completing resistance and resistivity or the conversion between conductance and electrical conductivity) of validation instrument; But this simple volume-based model device determines the longitudinal direction and radial investigation characteristics that cannot examine or check instrument completely, therefore for current main flow imaging electric logger research and development in detector charactorizations checking and optimize invalid.
3, conducting ring method
Adopt string to have impedor metallic conduction ring to be that traditional induction type logger checks and the conventional method of scale, this method does not belong to entity physical analogy.Owing to being adopt lumped parameter simulation actual formation distributed constant to the contribution of receiving coil, therefore the method can not be used for longitudinal direction and the radial investigation characteristics of examining or check instrument, for the detector charactorizations checking in the imaging electric logger research and development of current main flow with optimize invalid, and the method is unsuitable for electric pole type electric logger.
4, experiment well method
Experiment well generally refers to certain depth, can provide certain pressure and temperature environment, have the stratum of typical lithology (even part has descended sleeve pipe) in well, can carry out testing the non-producing well detected to the work of instrument; Experiment well is effective for the investigation of the contrast between the different instrument with identical producer, type, model and stability of instrument, is therefore the important technical links in probe research and development later stage; But in experiment well, the actual parameter (the accurate geometry model of target zone, country rock and electrical parameter) on stratum is actually the unknown, therefore can not verify the geometry detection feature of electric logging especially electric imaging logging probe; In fact in the application of experiment well method, another limitation is tested probe must be complete instrument, its detector subsystem (electrode system, coil array) amplifies with Electronic Control, signal, data acquisition and transmission system etc. must be all shaping according to certain heat resisting and pressure resisting standard, this needs the preliminary stage many different schemes being carried out to contrast verification to be actually unpractical in studying in original innovation.
In a word, applicable electric logging probe entity physical simulating device can be built without any a kind of method at present, especially not have dynamically can to change under bad ground pattern and the method for timely monitor model electrical parameter.This causes for a long time, and the electric logging probe adopting method for numerical simulation (many complicated factors has been simplified in research and idealized) to design cannot effectively be verified and optimize, and limits the raising of design level in research and development.Namely object of the present invention is solve the important technology bottleneck in the research and development of high-end electric logging probe.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, provide a kind of ultrafiltration to build electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, solve the physical analogy difficult problem of electric logging probe under bad ground environment.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can adopt following technical proposal to realize:
A kind of ultrafiltration builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, described analogue means comprises the lower country rock stratum simulation layer from bottom to top connected, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer and upper country rock stratum simulation layer, the inner side of described target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer is provided with stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer, the axis of centres of described analogue means is upwards provided with wellhole, described probe is positioned in wellhole, the outer of described analogue means is arranged with outer shroud band, and described outer endless belt places probe far-end loop electrode; Described lower country rock stratum simulation layer, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer, each simulation layer of upper country rock stratum simulation layer and stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer comprises the chamber wall be made up of flat plate ultrafiltration membrane hot melt or bonding method respectively, insulating microbeads is filled with respectively in each chamber wall, the inorganic ion solution injecting respective concentration in each simulation layer respectively forms the simulation layer with setting resistivity, is provided with multiple conductivity probe in each simulation layer.
Ultrafiltration as above builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, and the surface of described chamber wall is provided with the nonmetal slide fastener made.
Ultrafiltration as above builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, described lower country rock stratum simulation layer, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer, the outer rim of each simulation layer of target zone invaded zone stratum simulation layer and upper country rock stratum simulation layer is provided with feed tube and drain pipe, and described feed tube and drain pipe are made up of nonmetals respectively.
Ultrafiltration as above builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, described analogue means also comprises four ionic liquid density Adjusting System, each ionic liquid density Adjusting System is connected with drain pipe with the feed tube of simulation layer described in each respectively, for regulating the inorganic ion solution concentration entered in each feed tube.
Ultrafiltration as above builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, and each described regulating system comprises brine tank, pure water tank, adjusting part and recirculation assembly; Described adjusting part comprises brine valve, pure water valve and conductivity gauge; The outlet of described pure water tank connects pure water valve and conductivity gauge successively, and the other end of conductivity gauge connects feed tube; The outlet of described brine tank connects brine valve, and the other end of brine valve is access to the outlet of pure water valve; Described recirculation assembly comprises the circulating valve connected successively, circulation pump and drain valve, and the other end of described circulating valve connects the port of export of pure water valve, and circulation pump is connected with drain pipe with the link of drain valve simultaneously.
Feature and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention are:
1, can be used in the physical analogy to full-scale electric logging probe, can be used for checking and comprise longitudinal direction, radial investigation characteristics, certainty of measurement, longitudinal frame is in interior probe log response characteristic.
2, in each simulated formation module, implantation has several conductivity probe, and the stratum module simulated by Real-Time Monitoring is electrically with the measurement performance of accurate validation probe.
3, after each simulated formation adopts insulating microbeads to fill, in pipeline there is difference in the electrical conductivity of liquid and model actual conductivity, in pipeline, liquid electric conductivity is only as monitoring, and when carrying out physical analogy to probe, employing is buried deposited multiple resistivity probes and measured in real time in each module.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the ultrafiltration structure electric logging probe entity physical simulating device of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the resistivity regulating system schematic diagram of the ultrafiltration structure electric logging probe entity physical simulating device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the ultrafiltration that the embodiment of the present invention proposes builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, it comprises the lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1 from bottom to top connected, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2 and upper country rock stratum simulation layer 3, the inner side of described target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2 is provided with stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4, the axis of centres of described analogue means is upwards provided with wellhole 5, described probe 6 is positioned in wellhole 5, the outer of described analogue means is arranged with outer shroud band 7, and described outer endless belt 7 places probe far-end loop electrode.Described lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2, each simulation layer of upper country rock stratum simulation layer 3 and stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 comprises the chamber wall be made up of flat plate ultrafiltration membrane hot melt or bonding method respectively, insulating microbeads is filled with respectively in each chamber wall, the inorganic ion solution injecting respective concentration in each simulation layer respectively forms the simulation layer with setting resistivity, is provided with multiple conductivity probe in each simulation layer.
Described analogue means is cylindrical herein, and certainly not as limit, analogue means also can be other suitable shape.Described outer endless belt 7 can be floor tile.
In the present embodiment, described lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2, upper country rock stratum simulation layer 3 and these four simulated formations of stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 are by the insulating microbeads in respective simulated formation and the inorganic ion solution of respective concentration that injects respectively, obtain the simulated formation of required resistivity.Such as herein, insulating microbeads is filled respectively in the space of these four simulated formations, and inject the inorganic ion solution of three kinds of variable concentrations respectively, obtain the simulated formation of corresponding different resistivity, the kind of insulating microbeads wherein in upper and lower country rock stratum simulation layer 3,1 is herein identical with the concentration of the inorganic ion solution of injection.Certainly in other embodiments, then can fill four kinds of different insulating microbeads in the space of four simulated formations respectively, and inject the inorganic ion solution of four kinds of variable concentrations respectively.
Multiple conductivity probe (also claiming resistivity measurement probe) is embedded with respectively in each simulated formation, in addition, presetly in each simulated formation be no less than three conductivity probe, conductivity probe can adopt bipolar four line modes, a pair current loop and a pair voltage circuit, after connecing Shielded Twisted Pair respectively, overall winding is rear again draws; Conductivity probe in each simulated formation is circumferentially divided equally, as the sensor of real-time measuring modules resistivity, these probes due to volume very little, the impact electrical on simulated formation can be ignored.
Wherein, the insulating microbeads of filling in milipore filter is the non-conductive microballon that proportion slightly overweights water, such as plastics, porcelain, glass, resin, pottery, hard rubber or compounding substances, it is in order to avoid microballon floats that the proportion of microballon slightly overweights water, more reasonably conductive channel can be provided for model like this, especially be conducive to the simulation of higher electric resistivity, and avoid to pollute the micro ion of solution and the circulating system and propose too strict requirement.The diameter of microballon can between 0.5-5mm, bead diameter too conference makes the lower effect of its filling rate not obvious, the too little meeting of bead diameter makes its poor fluidity cause the system balancing time to lengthen, and the microballon that diameter mixes according to a certain percentage effectively can simulate high resistivity.
After adopting microballon to fill, in pipeline there is difference in electrical conductivity and the model actual conductivity of liquid, and in pipeline, liquid electric conductivity is only as monitoring, and when carrying out physical analogy to probe, employing is buried deposited multiple resistivity probes and measured in real time in each module.
The present embodiment, in the manufacture craft of model, milipore filter, as a kind of special porous plastic, can adopt hot melt or bonding mode spicing forming type, and the local ultrafiltration function caused due to seam is lost very little to the entire effect of model and can be left in the basket.In other words, what flat plate ultrafiltration membrane adopted is strainability is formed close to the ultrafiltration material of nanofiltration, the thickness of film is submillimeter level, and feature allows hydrone freely pass through and limit ion to a certain extent and pass through, thus build the simulated formation module of different resistivity with this.Furthermore, a small amount of ion permeable milipore filter be allow and also necessary.Why can allow be due to disparate modules between infiltration, specifically have 2 points, one is resistivity dynamic adjustments and the control (see Fig. 2) of the stratigraphic model enabling to simulate in this device, and two is each own larger ion buffer capacities of module itself.Like this, the Effect of Electric Double Layer of the interface generation of different ions concentration is in the electric logging response mechanism in fact closer to permeability reservoir.
The central role on the stratum of the different electric conductivity in milipore filter interval is adopted to be make this bad ground physical model built by liquid ions conduction not be only applicable to coil type electric logging probe (based on the induction logging instrument of electromagnetic induction principle in the present embodiment, induced current circumferentially flows centered by borehole axis), also be applicable to electric pole type electric logging probe (based on the current focusing formula laterolog instrument of directly conduction, conductive electric current radially flows, and disperses rear along interflow).
According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface of described chamber wall is provided with the nonmetal slide fastener 8 made.The Opening length of the slide fastener 8 on chamber wall can be not less than 0.5m, and it can be used for filling or changing insulating microbeads, and slide fastener 8 area, owing to intersecting area much smaller than between model layer, therefore can be ignored the impact of interlayer conduction.
Described lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2, the outer rim of each simulation layer of stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 and upper country rock stratum simulation layer 3 is provided with feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10, and described feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10 are made up of nonmetals respectively.Furthermore, described lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2, the outside of stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 and upper country rock stratum these four simulation layers of simulation layer 3 is separately installed with respective liquid inlet and outlet pipe 9,10, and namely whole device has four feed tubes 9 and four drain pipes 10.One of them comparatively special construction be that feed liquor, the drain pipe of stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 will pass target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2.In the present embodiment, the feed tube of each simulated formation and drain pipe can be 180 degree of settings respectively, make the inorganic ion solution with corresponding concentration enter in corresponding simulated formation from feed tube, through insulating microbeads, and flow out from the drain pipe of the other end.Wherein, the pipe diameter of feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10 can be not more than 2.5cm, and the end points of pipe is equipped with nonmetal screen pack, and the aperture of pipe is less than insulating microbeads diameter, overflows to prevent microballon.
In order to the inside and outside wall of each simulation layer in anti-locking apparatus is out of shape because of gravity, duroplasts shell ring can be laid respectively in the outside (i.e. the inner side of outer endless belt) of the inner side of simulation layer (i.e. the inwall of wellhole 5) and simulation layer.Wherein, the height of the shell ring of inner side should be less than 1cm, and thickness is less than 0.5cm, and the spacing of each shell ring is not less than 20cm, namely can ignore analog result impact; The placement of the shell ring in outside is then many freely, this is because the position of outside shell ring is beyond the geometry investigative range of probe, can adopts 5cm height, place continuously according to spacing 20cm, and note the liquid in-out pipeline getting out of the way module.
The center of this device has wellhole 5, if device is erection, probe is then easily arranged in wellhole 5; If device is directly placed on basic thing (such as ground), so need to arrange wellhole prolongation 11 on basic thing, wellhole prolongation 11 is from wellhole 5 to downward-extension, and wellhole prolongation conveniently places probe.
Provide the concrete example of this device below, its simulation be the sand mud reservoir of typical high resistant country rock, (drilling fluid) low leaching, oil mixing with water.
The diameter of the wellhole 5 of this device can be 0.2m, and well liquid typical resistivity is 2 Ω m.The thickness of upper country rock stratum simulation layer 3 can be and is greater than probe 1/2 length, typical resistivity 50 Ω m.The thickness of stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer 4 can be 1m, invaded zone typical resistivity 5 Ω m.The thickness of target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer 2 can be 1m, typical resistivity 10 Ω m.The thickness of lower country rock stratum simulation layer 1 can be greater than probe 1/2 length, typical resistivity 50 Ω m.The degree of depth of wellhole prolongation can be greater than probe 1/2 length, and the thickness of outer endless belt 7 can be 0.5m, and resistivity is less than 1 Ω m, places probe far-end loop electrode.
The present embodiment can be used in the physical analogy to full-scale electric logging probe, can be used for checking and comprises longitudinal direction, radial investigation characteristics, certainty of measurement, and longitudinal frame is in interior probe log response characteristic.
The present embodiment is the entity physical simulating device that can carry out bad ground log response test, can be used for theory and the numerical simulation result of verifying electric logging probe (comprising electric pole type and coil type), improve and optimize probe designs parameter, this device has important practical value for the research and development of the especially high-end equipment of oil electrical log equipment.In addition, the present embodiment adopts ultrafiltration membrane to make the sequence frame (including upper and lower country rock, invaded zone and undisturbed formation, pit shaft etc.) of simulating, each stratum inside modules fills certain density inorganic salt solution simulation different resistivity, electrical parameter in each module can pass through regulating system Dynamic controlling and monitoring, thus realizes the entity physical model of bad ground.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, the ultrafiltration structure electric logging probe entity physical simulating device A of the present embodiment also comprises ionic liquid density Adjusting System.Described regulating system comprises brine tank 12, pure water tank 13, adjusting part and recirculation assembly.Described adjusting part comprises brine valve 16, pure water valve 14 and conductivity gauge 15.The outlet of described pure water tank 13 connects pure water valve 14 and conductivity gauge 15 successively, and the other end of conductivity gauge 15 connects feed tube 9.The outlet of described brine tank 13 connects brine valve 16, and the other end of brine valve 16 is access to the outlet of pure water valve 14.Described recirculation assembly comprises the circulating valve 17 connected successively, circulation pump 18 and drain valve 19, and the other end of described circulating valve 17 connects the port of export of pure water valve 14, and the other end of drain valve 19 connects drain pipe 10.
In the present embodiment, can regulate by control pure water valve 14 and brine valve 16 the ionic liquid concentration transported in feed tube 9.Furthermore, each simulated formation in device fills conducting liquid, its pure water and the saturated brine (inorganic salt solution prepared as required, different ions type can be simulated, modal in well logging is the chloride of sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium) ratio according to the mixing of designed resistivity simulation value, and can dynamic conditioning at any time as required.The self-loopa process realized by recirculation assembly ensure that the uniformity of resistivity in module.
For convenience of description, shown in the description of above-described embodiment and Fig. 2, show only wherein a set of feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10, in this cover feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10, be connected to an ionic liquid density Adjusting System.And in the present embodiment, having four cover feed tubes 9 and drain pipe 10, every suit feed tube 9 and drain pipe 10 are all connected to an ionic liquid density Adjusting System.Certainly, when realizing, pure water tank 12 and the brine tank 13 of each cover ionic liquid density Adjusting System can share, and namely four cover ionic liquid density Adjusting System use a pure water tank 12 and brine tank 13.According to illustrated principle, valve sets electromagnetic valve is replaced, data acquisition is carried out to resistivity signal, just can the electrical automatic control system of comprising modules.
The certain error of model in manufacturing dimension and the unevenness after filling microballon are as being not more than ± 3cm, the impact (to radial and vertical response feature) caused is negligible, because any electric logging probe by physical method and Response Mechanism limit its measuring accuracy and spatial resolution is not high, relative error is usually at ± 2% ~ ± 10% (even also much bigger in the two ends error of measurement dynamic range).
Other structures of present embodiment, operating principle and beneficial effect are identical with embodiment 1, do not repeat them here.
The foregoing is only several embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention according to carrying out various change or modification to the embodiment of the present invention disclosed in application documents.
Claims (5)
1. a ultrafiltration builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, it is characterized in that, described analogue means comprises the lower country rock stratum simulation layer from bottom to top connected, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer and upper country rock stratum simulation layer, the inner side of described target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer is provided with stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer, the axis of centres of described analogue means is upwards provided with wellhole, described probe is positioned in wellhole, the outer of described analogue means is arranged with outer shroud band, and described outer endless belt places probe far-end loop electrode;
Described lower country rock stratum simulation layer, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer, each simulation layer of upper country rock stratum simulation layer and stratum, target zone invaded zone simulation layer comprises the chamber wall be made up of flat plate ultrafiltration membrane hot melt or bonding method respectively, insulating microbeads is filled with respectively in each chamber wall, the inorganic ion solution injecting respective concentration in each simulation layer respectively forms the simulation layer with setting resistivity, is provided with multiple conductivity probe in each simulation layer.
2. ultrafiltration according to claim 1 builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, and it is characterized in that, the surface of described chamber wall is provided with the nonmetal slide fastener made.
3. ultrafiltration according to claim 1 builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, it is characterized in that, described lower country rock stratum simulation layer, target zone undisturbed formation simulation layer, the outer rim of each simulation layer of target zone invaded zone stratum simulation layer and upper country rock stratum simulation layer is provided with feed tube and drain pipe, and described feed tube and drain pipe are made up of nonmetals respectively.
4. ultrafiltration according to claim 3 builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, it is characterized in that, described analogue means also comprises four ionic liquid density Adjusting System, each ionic liquid density Adjusting System is connected with drain pipe with the feed tube of simulation layer described in each respectively, for regulating the inorganic ion solution concentration entered in each feed tube.
5. ultrafiltration according to claim 4 builds electric logging probe entity physical simulating device, and it is characterized in that, each described regulating system comprises brine tank, pure water tank, adjusting part and recirculation assembly; Described adjusting part comprises brine valve, pure water valve and conductivity gauge; The outlet of described pure water tank connects pure water valve and conductivity gauge successively, and the other end of conductivity gauge connects feed tube; The outlet of described brine tank connects brine valve, and the other end of brine valve is access to the outlet of pure water valve; Described recirculation assembly comprises the circulating valve connected successively, circulation pump and drain valve, and the other end of described circulating valve connects the port of export of pure water valve, and circulation pump is connected with drain pipe with the link of drain valve simultaneously.
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| CN103277084B (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2015-07-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Horizontal well multi-parameter estimation method based on conducting probe array sensor |
| CN104699975B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-11-07 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The method of extracting parameter from acoustoelectric effect downhole detector measurement data |
| CN107102381A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-29 | 深圳朝伟达科技有限公司 | The indoor test device and method of testing of high-density resistivity instrument |
| CN116084912A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-09 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Signal calibration device for multi-depth logging instrument |
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| US2547950A (en) * | 1947-12-01 | 1951-04-10 | Texas Co | Electrical analogue |
| US5878372A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1999-03-02 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for simultaneous inversion processing of well log data using a plurality of earth models |
| CN102606148A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-07-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 | Response testing device for electromagnetic wave resistivity logging-while-drilling tool |
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