CN102849904B - Method for reducing total phosphorus in polluted river - Google Patents
Method for reducing total phosphorus in polluted river Download PDFInfo
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- CN102849904B CN102849904B CN201210386935.9A CN201210386935A CN102849904B CN 102849904 B CN102849904 B CN 102849904B CN 201210386935 A CN201210386935 A CN 201210386935A CN 102849904 B CN102849904 B CN 102849904B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing total phosphorus in polluted river, comprising the following step of building a building block type infiltration dam on a control cross section in a riverway, wherein the building block type infiltration dam comprises a fixed type dam body and filler building blocks, the filler building blocks are dryly built on the fixed type dam body in the manner of break joints, each filler building block consists of a building block type envelope structure and a filler, the filler is selected from activated zeolite with the particle size of 24-32mmm, haycite with the particle size of 16-24mm, anthracite with the particle size of 12-16cm and iron-coated sand with the particle size of 8-16mm, each filler building block on the fixed type dam body is divided into three stages along the water flow direction, the first-stage filler building block is filled with the activated zeolite, the second-stage filler building block is filled with a mixture of the haycite and the anthracite in the mass ratio of 1:(1.85-2.15), and the third-stage filler building block is filled with the iron-coated sand. According to the method, the total phosphorus in the polluted river can be removed by the infiltration dam in situ, the method is simple and convenient, the phosphorus content can be effectively reduced, and the suspended particulate matter content and the ammonia nitrogen content can be simultaneously reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological engineering and field of environment engineering, relate to total phosphorus load in a kind of reduction polluted river, the method that comprises particulate form phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus is the method for the combined fast purification river of the building-brick type filler safeguarded of a kind of quick release and diafiltration dam body.
Background technology
In recent years, the dual function of climate change and mankind's activity had changed the water regime of basin underlying, caused water resources redistributing and the defeated change that moves rule of land surface pollution material on space-time, thereby affected water quality and ecosystem health.Along with the raising of people for the river essence level of understanding, river management is from being assigned as emphasis with the water yield, and expanding gradually as improving water quality and repairing river ecosystem is object, particularly the water purification technology of polluted river has been proposed to higher requirement.
In river course, get dirty the processing of river at present generally by methods such as ecological revetment, artificial swamp and rapid infiltration systems.Ecological revetment refers to plant or medium carrier unit covered on bank protection, when river flows through bank protection by plant adsorb, sorption purify water (CN1811073); Artificial swamp is many sets up big area ecological wetland at rivers land and water ecotone, the method purifying river water (CN1872731) combining with ecologic biological purification system by filtering system; And rapid infiltration system is many, river is caused to specific device or diafiltration material is arranged in river course in bottom, the absorption of filtration, absorption and microbial film by filtrate is degraded, and reduces suspended substance, organic matter and nitrogen phosphorus level (CN101759298A).
The defect of prior art mainly comprises, though the method for artificial swamp and ecological revetment can play the effect of certain purifying river water, but it is large to exist floor space, invest more, the defect that efficiency is not high, and the impact that is also vulnerable to water level and season of the biology adopting and microorganism, produce secondary pollution.Current filtration system mostly is vertical filtration system, the problem of ubiquity filter clogging, and also in use for some time, the adsorptive power of filtrate reaches capacity filtration system gradually.The problem declining in order to solve obstruction and adsorptive power, generally adopts the way of back flushing or replacing media regeneration to solve.Back flushing needs energy, and the replacing of filtrate is comparatively complicated, special in river course from far-off regions, and owing to lacking electric power and place restriction, back flushing and filtrate integral replacing often cannot carry out, thereby cause filtration system not play a role long-term effectively.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned defect existing in prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that reduces total phosphorus in polluted river, the building-brick type diafiltration dam of building-brick type filler and diafiltration dam body composition is built in employing in river course, original position, remove in polluted river total phosphorus fast and pollute, multistage filler configuration can effectively reduce total phosphorus and particle content in river, reach the effect purifying water, consider river course inflow-rate of water turbine simultaneously and take into account flood control earial drainage safety; Building-brick type filler is convenient to change or is rinsed filler to solve filler regeneration problem.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method that reduces total phosphorus in polluted river, is characterized in that: on the control section of selecting in river course, build building-brick type diafiltration dam, described building-brick type diafiltration dam comprises the filler building block on fixed dam body and fixed dam body; Described filler building block adopts the laid dry of fissure of displacement form on fixed dam body;
Described filler building block is by building-brick type envelope structure and fill media assemblage wherein, filler is selected from active zeolite, haydite, hard coal and painting iron sand, and wherein the particle diameter of active zeolite is 24 ~ 32mm, and haydite particle diameter is 16 ~ 24mm, hard coal particle diameter is 12 ~ 16mm, and being coated with iron sand particle diameter is 8 ~ 16mm;
Filler building block on fixed dam body is divided into three grades in water (flow) direction, in the building block of first step filler, fill active zeolite, in the filler building block of the second stage, fill haydite and anthracitic mixture, its mass ratio is 1:1.85 ~ 1:2.15, fills and be coated with iron sand in the building block of third stage filler.
Particularly, in described reduction polluted river, the method for total phosphorus, comprises the steps:
1. select control section;
Described control section is usually placed in the upstream of secondary Water Functional Zone, take near hydrology gaging section as good.
Particularly, select control section to follow following principle:
(1) according to function of water body district, control section is set, control section is arranged in the upstream of secondary Water Functional Zone, can play the effect of purified water source again by regulating pondage;
(2) cross section place should be avoided slough, backwater zone, sewage draining exit place, select that straight chanel, stabilization of river bed, the water surface are broad, water flow stationary, without torrent, locate without shoal;
(3) near control section, if any hydrology gaging section, should, near hydrology gaging section, to utilize its hydrologic parameter, realize the combination that water quality monitoring (WQM) and the water yield are controlled.
2. build fixed dam body;
Particularly, above-mentioned fixed dam body, both sides are vertical dam body, and building height flushes with river course levee crown, and bottom is concrete leveling layer.Both sides dam body inwardly forms respectively " └ ┘ " trench structure, is convenient to side and embeds filler building block; Bottom concrete leveling layer upwards forms " └ ┘ " trench structure, is convenient to bottom and embeds building-brick type filler envelope structure.
3. configuration filler building block;
The filler of screening is filled in respectively in building-brick type envelope structure separately, is configured to filler building block.Described building-brick type envelope structure comprises: angle iron frame, punching steel plate galvanized and reinforcement band iron.Angle iron frame is cuboid, and punching steel plate galvanized is welded on angle iron frame, and side and bottom surface are by punching steel plate galvanized enclosing, and end face is left a blank, and is convenient to load and unload filler.Strengthen band iron and conventionally can be welded on angle iron frame bottom, to strengthen the intensity of building block bottom.
The angle iron frame of above-mentioned building-brick type envelope structure, angle bar specification is preferably 2cm, and size is 20 * 30 * 40cm, and volume is 24 liters.By packed bulk density be 0.9-1.5 kilogram/rise calculating, the weight of single building block and filler is 23-37 kilogram, its weight is applicable to single taking-up and safeguards and place.
Above-mentioned punching steel plate galvanized pitch-row and aperture are determined by the particle diameter of filled out filtrate, common rule is that pitch-row is about higher value within the scope of packing material size, be slightly less than maximum value, aperture is slightly less than the minimum value within the scope of packing material size, guarantee that filler is not flushed away, also can guarantee the stability of building-brick type envelope structure, also can reduce building block deadweight, guarantee water permeable area, reduce head loss.
It is 5cm that above-mentioned envelope structural base is strengthened band iron width, and horizontal welding is connected on angle iron frame bottom, to guarantee the bottom strength of building-brick type filler envelope structure.
Filler in above-mentioned building block is active zeolite, haydite, hard coal, painting iron sand, is filled in respectively in building-brick type envelope structure, forms the building block of different filtrates and is arranged in water (flow) direction by step particle diameter.After collateral security filter, the angle of water quality is set out, and less particle diameter of filter medium is favourable.But the present invention comes original position to purify water by directly build the diafiltration dam that comprises filler building block in river course, should guarantee that water quality also will have certain inflow-rate of water turbine, and consider the stability of dam body simultaneously, filtering layer is thicker, therefore, can select larger particle diameter of filter medium.Meanwhile, in water (flow) direction, step particle diameter is arranged, particle diameter of filter medium along water (flow) direction by becoming greatly little, be conducive to suspended particle enter filtering layer compared with depths, and, because most of suspended particle is trapped within the filtering layer that upstream pore dimension is larger, be conducive to slow down the growth of head loss.In addition, compared with the filtrate of small particle size, be distributed in the afterbody of filtering layer, be also conducive to guarantee the rear water quality of filter.
Through contriver's many experiments, find, flow velocity has a significant impact for tp removal rate tool, and the larger tp removal rate of flow velocity is lower, but also can produce Yong Shui phenomenon before dam, is unfavorable for that dam body is stable, and therefore, the present invention is more suitable for the river course that mean flow rate is less than 2m/s.
Particularly, the present invention reduces in the method for total phosphorus, selects the batching of filler as follows in filler building block:
The first step: active zeolite, particle diameter is 24 ~ 32mm.Absorption property is strong, and ion-exchange performance is good, can not only remove turbidity, colourity, peculiar smell in water, and heavy metal harmful in water and organism are had to good absorption exchange interaction.
The second stage: haydite and hard coal mass ratio adopt 1:1.85 ~ 1:2.15, through contriver's many experiments, find, in the situation that guaranteeing inflow-rate of water turbine, this proportioning not only can effectively be removed the suspended particulate in water, and can improve 2 ~ 3 times than the ammonia nitrogen removal frank of pure haydite, ammonia nitrogen removal frank approaches 30%.
Haydite, particle diameter is 16 ~ 24mm, particle circle, evenly, surface irregularity, many micropores, internal void be flourishing, specific surface area is large, thus biological bacteria adhesive ability is strong, breeding is fast, biofilm efficiency is high, removes ammonia nitrogen effective under low-temperature and low turbidity condition.
Hard coal, particle diameter is 12 ~ 16mm, has the highest carbon content per-cent and solid particulate hold facility, can improve reliably suspended particle and remove ability.
The third stage: be coated with iron sand, particle diameter is 8 ~ 16mm, surface irregularity, space is many, and specific surface area is large, high adsorption capacity, phosphor-removing effect is remarkable.
4. filler building block is installed on fixed dam body;
Filler building block method for arranging described in the present invention is that the method that building block not of the same race is arranged according to step particle diameter is arranged in water (flow) direction, and building-brick type packing layer of the same race stacks to be put, and no matter is horizontal direction or vertical direction, and the equal fissure of displacement of blockhouse is placed.
Filler building block is vertical puts height and puts the number of plies and determined by the characteristic level of water in this river course:
The standing elevation of filler building block is this river course normal flow year mean annual water level;
Stack the limit of flood-season water level that elevation is this river course the flood season of filler building-brick type.On diafiltration dam, putting between height and flood stage of filler building block should reserve flood discharge height, guarantees flood control requirement.Below flood stage, current gravity flow is in turn by filtrate, and physics interception, chemisorption through filtrate, effectively reduce particle content and phosphorus content, reaches the object of purifying river water.When filtrate adsorptive power approaches can quick-replaceable after saturated or rinse filler, before flood arrives, can also manually take out of rapidly filler building block, guarantee that security against flood passes through.
The maximum of filler building block is stacked the highest safety stage that elevation is this river course, depends on the design standard of flood control of floodwall.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is in the present invention:
(1) utilize diafiltration dam type formula original position to remove in polluted river the method for total phosphorus and particle phosphorus easy, treatment effect is good, can be fast, effective sinking phosphorus content, and the while can be reduced suspended particulate content and ammonia-nitrogen content.Not only consider mistake water-based and the treatment effect on diafiltration dam simultaneously, taken into account the security of dam body and the needs of flood control earial drainage simultaneously.
(2) utilize filler formulation of the present invention can significantly reduce suspended substance and ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorous, ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 20% ~ 30%, and total tp removal rate reaches more than 70%.
(3) building-brick type diafiltration of the present invention dam simple in structure, invest low, be convenient to installation and removal, after filler is saturated, be convenient to the field construction in mechanical execution difficulty, manually change or rinse filler.
(4) the convenient height that reduces diafiltration dam before flood occurs, protection downstream safety.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, describe the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited with embodiment, but is limited by claim.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional structure schematic diagram on the building-brick type diafiltration dam that relates to of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the plan structure schematic diagram on the building-brick type diafiltration dam that relates to of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is building-brick type envelope structural representation in the building-brick type diafiltration dam that relates to of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 is building-brick type envelope structural base schematic diagram in the building-brick type diafiltration dam that relates to of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, specific embodiment of the invention and effect are elaborated.
The present invention relates to a kind of method that reduces total phosphorus in polluted river, build building-brick type diafiltration dam in river course on the control section of selecting, comprise selection control section, build fixed dam body, filler building block is installed in the building block of configuration filler on fixed dam body.
As Fig. 1, shown in 2, the building-brick type envelope structure 1 that filler 3 is housed along water (flow) direction and vertical fissure of displacement laid dry in fixed dam body 2.
As Fig. 3, shown in 4, above-mentioned building-brick type envelope structure 1 comprises: angle iron frame 11, and punching steel plate galvanized 12 and reinforcement band iron 13, punching steel plate galvanized 12 and reinforcement band iron 13 are welded on building-brick type envelope structural framing 11; Building-brick type envelope structural framing 11 end faces are empty, and other five by punching steel plate galvanized 12 enclosings.
Above-mentioned fixed dam body 2, both sides are vertical dam body, and building height flushes with river course levee crown, and both sides dam body inwardly forms respectively " └ ┘ " trench structure 21, is convenient to side and embeds filler building block; Dam body bottom is concrete leveling layer, upwards forms " └ ┘ " trench structure 22, is convenient to bottom and embeds filler building block.
Above-mentioned filler building block is divided into three grades according to filler 3 wherein in water (flow) direction, and the first step is active zeolite 31, and the second stage is haydite and anthracitic mixture 32, and its mass ratio is 1:1.85 ~ 1:2.15, and the third stage is for being coated with iron sand 33.
Embodiment 1
Selecting 20m place, hydrologic sectional drawing downstream in river course is control section.
Build the fixed dam body 2 shown in Fig. 1,2, fixed dam body both sides and bottom groove width are 3m, and bottom groove length is 12m, design height of dam 2.4m.
The building-brick type envelope structure 1 that different fillers are housed according to from swim over to downstream active zeolite, haydite and hard coal, the order that is coated with iron sand with the laid dry of fissure of displacement pattern in fixed dam body 2, fissure of displacement laid dry mode is also taked in the vertical upper filler building block of dam body, to reach the highest stability.
The standing elevation of filler building block is this river course normal flow year mean annual water level 312m.
Stack the limit of flood-season water level 311.5m that elevation is this river course the flood season of filler building-brick type.
The highest safety stage 313m that the raft elevation of filler building block is this river course.
Before dam, the depth of water is 0.98m, and filtration area is 11.76m
2.Before dam, in river, suspended substance is more, river visibility meter is poor, ammonia-nitrogen content is 2.66mg/L, total phosphorous is 0.96mg/L, behind diafiltration dam, river visibility meter obviously improves, and in river, ammonia-nitrogen content is 1.90mg/L, and total phosphorous is 0.08 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen removal frank is about 29%, and total tp removal rate is about 92%.Dam body is stable, does not occur obvious Yong Shui phenomenon before dam.
Embodiment 2
Selecting 18m place, hydrologic sectional drawing downstream in river course is control section.
Build the fixed dam body 2 shown in Fig. 1,2, fixed dam body both sides and bottom groove width are 2.4m, and bottom groove length is 10m, design height of dam 2.2m.
The building-brick type envelope structure 1 that different fillers are housed according to from swim over to downstream active zeolite, haydite and hard coal, the order that is coated with iron sand with the laid dry of fissure of displacement pattern in fixed dam body 2, fissure of displacement laid dry mode is also taked in the vertical upper filler building block of dam body, to reach the highest stability.
The standing elevation of filler building block is this river course normal flow year mean annual water level 298.1m.
Stack the limit of flood-season water level 297m that elevation is this river course the flood season of filler building block.
The highest safety stage 300m that the raft elevation of filler building block is this river course.
Before dam, the depth of water is 1.20m, and filtration area is 12m
2.Before dam, in river, suspended substance is more, river visibility meter is poor, ammonia-nitrogen content is 2.41mg/L, total phosphorous is 0.92mg/L, behind diafiltration dam, river visibility meter obviously improves, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 1.81mg/L, and total phosphorous is 0.15 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen removal frank is about 25%, and total tp removal rate is about 84%.Dam body is stable, does not occur the high phenomenon of water level harmony before dam.
Selecting 20m place, hydrologic sectional drawing downstream in river course is control section.
Build the fixed dam body 2 shown in Fig. 1,2, fixed dam body both sides and bottom groove width are 3.3m, and bottom groove length is 12m, design height of dam 2.6m.
The building-brick type envelope structure 1 that different fillers are housed according to from swim over to downstream active zeolite, haydite and hard coal, the order that is coated with iron sand with the laid dry of fissure of displacement pattern in fixed dam body 2, fissure of displacement laid dry mode is also taked in the vertical upper filler building block of dam body, to reach the highest stability.
The standing elevation of filler building block is this river course normal flow year mean annual water level 305.3m.
Stack the limit of flood-season water level 304m that elevation is this river course the flood season of filler building block.
The highest safety stage 307m that the raft elevation of filler building block is this river course.
Before dam, the depth of water is 1.62m, and filtration area is 19.44m
2.Before dam, in river, suspended substance is more, and river visibility meter is poor, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 1.77mg/L, and total phosphorous is 0.89mg/L.Behind diafiltration dam, river visibility meter obviously improves, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 1.39mg/L, and total phosphorous is 0.17 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is about 21%, and total tp removal rate is about 81%.Dam body is stable, does not occur the high phenomenon of water level harmony before dam.
Claims (7)
1. a method that reduces total phosphorus in polluted river, is characterized in that: on the control section of selecting in river course, build building-brick type diafiltration dam, described building-brick type diafiltration dam comprises the filler building block on fixed dam body and fixed dam body; Described filler building block adopts the laid dry of fissure of displacement form on fixed dam body;
Described filler building block is by building-brick type envelope structure with the media assemblage of wherein filling, filler is selected from active zeolite, haydite, hard coal and painting iron sand, and wherein the particle diameter of active zeolite is 24 ~ 32mm, and haydite particle diameter is 16 ~ 24mm, hard coal particle diameter is 12 ~ 16mm, and being coated with iron sand particle diameter is 8 ~ 16mm;
Filler building block on fixed dam body is divided into three grades in water (flow) direction, in the building block of first step filler, fill active zeolite, in the filler building block of the second stage, fill haydite and anthracitic mixture, mass ratio is 1:1.85 ~ 1:2.15, fills and be coated with iron sand in the building block of third stage filler.
2. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control section is arranged in the upstream of secondary Water Functional Zone.
3. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fixed dam body, and both sides are vertical dam body, and building height flushes with river course levee crown, and bottom is concrete leveling layer; Both sides dam body inwardly forms respectively trench structure, and bottom concrete leveling layer upwards forms trench structure.
4. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described building-brick type envelope structure comprises angle iron frame, punching steel plate galvanized and reinforcement band iron, and punching steel plate galvanized and reinforcement band iron are welded on angle iron frame; Angle iron frame is cuboid, and side and bottom surface are punching steel plate galvanized enclosing, and end face is empty.
5. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described punching steel plate galvanized punching pitch is slightly less than the maximum value of filler particles diameter, and aperture is slightly less than the minimum value of filler particles diameter.
6. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described on fixed dam body, filler building block is placed with the equal fissure of displacement of vertical direction in the horizontal direction.
7. the method for total phosphorus in reduction polluted river according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the standing elevation of filler building block is this river course normal flow year mean annual water level; Stack the limit of flood-season water level that elevation is this river course flood season; The highest safety stage that maximum stacking elevation is this river course.
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| CN101012643B (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2010-05-19 | 国家环境保护总局华南环境科学研究所 | Construction method of ecological bank slope for effectively and quickly removing area-source pollution |
| CN201842669U (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2011-05-25 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Novel block-type percolation dam |
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| CN108508823A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | 天津大学 | Rock fill dam construction dam material haulage vehicle amount of water intelligent monitor system and monitoring method |
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