CN102841368B - Method and system for measuring relation curve between charge number collected by gas nuclear radiation detector and applied voltage - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring relation curve between charge number collected by gas nuclear radiation detector and applied voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102841368B CN102841368B CN201210320771.XA CN201210320771A CN102841368B CN 102841368 B CN102841368 B CN 102841368B CN 201210320771 A CN201210320771 A CN 201210320771A CN 102841368 B CN102841368 B CN 102841368B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation measurement and particularly relates to a method and system for measuring a relation curve between a charge number collected by a gas nuclear radiation detector and an applied voltage. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining a main amplifier time coefficient, and then measuring the relation curve between the charge number collected by the gas nuclear radiation detector and the applied voltage under the time coefficient, wherein the detector type can be judged or checked and the gas gain range can be estimated according to the measured relation curve. According to the invention, the most significant characteristic energy peak generated by the same deposition energy in the detector is used as the measurement basis, so that the interference of other deposition energies is avoided; and the relation curve between the collected charge number and the applied voltage is expanded to fields of gas neutron detectors and radiation sources capable of emitting different energy beta particles.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation measurement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of charge number of gas core radiation detector collection and relation curve measuring method and the system of impressed voltage.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 1, gas core radiation detector inside is filled with gas, and two electrodes are set on detector, and on electrode, making alive forms electric field in the gas space.When nuclear radiation particle passes through gas, make gas molecule ionization, on the path of passing through, generate a large amount of ion pairs---electronics and positive ion.Electronics, positive ion drift about to the two poles of the earth under electric field action.Detector is surveyed nuclear radiation by collecting these drift electric charges.There is certain relation in charge number and the impressed voltage collected, the charge number of collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage characterize this relation.The charge number of collecting and the relation curve of impressed voltage are the foundations of judgement or checking type photodetector, according to this curve, can estimate gas gain scope (one of most important performance parameter of detector).Electric current instrumentation current methods is traditional curved measurement method, and measurement mechanism as shown in Figure 1, is measured the curve of gained also referred to as voltage-current curve.The charge number of complete collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage are as shown in Figure 2.Electric current instrumentation current methods requires radiation intensity invariable, and nuclear radiation particle sedimentary energy in detector is identical, and the quantity of electric charge that each nuclear radiation particle produces is like this identical.For nuclear radiation particles such as the α particle of monoenergetic, β particles, in detector, sedimentary energy is identical.For the radiation source of transmitting different-energy β particle, because nuclear radiation particle sedimentary energy in detector of different-energy is different, therefore cannot use electric current instrumentation current methods to record relation curve.For gas neutron detector, due to wall effect, neutron sedimentary energy in detector is different, surveys the quantity of electric charge difference that different neutrons produce, and therefore cannot use electric current instrumentation current methods to record relation curve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect for prior art, a kind of charge number of gas core radiation detector collection and relation curve measuring method and the system of impressed voltage are provided, can realize the radiation source of transmitting different-energy β particle and the measurement of gas neutron detector.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the charge number that a kind of gas core radiation detector is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, comprise the steps:
(1) by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, determine main amplifier time constant, the horizontal ordinate of described pulse amplitude spectrum is the road number of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, the counting that ordinate is multichannel pulse scope-analyzer;
(2), under definite main amplifier time constant, the plus high-pressure that has loaded the gas core radiation detector of radiation source is regulated from small to large, until nuclear signal feature energy peak appears in pulse amplitude spectrum, using high pressure now as the starting potential of measuring;
(3) regulate main amplifier enlargement factor that pulse amplitude spectrum is adjusted to suitable width, now road number corresponding to main amplifier output maximum impulse is less than the max number of channels of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer and is greater than 1/2 of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer max number of channels, records main amplifier enlargement factor k
iwith pulse height spectrum signature energy peak-to-peak position location, road m
i;
(4) take starting potential as benchmark, high-tension cell one fixed width is regulated from small to large, under each high pressure, press step (3) duplicate measurements process;
(5) according to the data of measuring, draw lg (m
i/ k
i) with the curve of high pressure variation, be the charge number of collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage.
Further, the charge number that gas core radiation detector as above is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, in step (1), the method of described definite main amplifier time constant is: the plus high-pressure of nuclear radiation detector is adjusted to any point in the operating voltage interval of estimation, by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, regulate the micro-of main amplifier, integration time constant, the time constant that strobe pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is high, location, resolution=main peak halfwidth/main peak road.
Further, the charge number that gas core radiation detector as above is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, in step (1), when regulating micro-, the integration time constant of main amplifier, use oscillograph to observe the shape of main amplifier output pulse, guarantee that its peak shape does not distort.
Further, the charge number that gas core radiation detector as above is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, in step (1), in the situation that pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is identical, select relatively little time constant.
Further, the charge number that gas core radiation detector as above is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, in step (2), if pulse amplitude spectrum occur a plurality of can peak, the highest energy peak of the peak position of usining is as described nuclear signal feature energy peak.
Further, the charge number that gas core radiation detector as above is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, in step (4), regulating the fixed width of high-tension cell is 50V or 100V.
The charge number that a kind of gas core radiation detector is collected and the relation curve measuring system of impressed voltage, comprise time constant determining device and gas nuclear radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism, wherein, described time constant determining device comprises nuclear radiation detector, nuclear radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on nuclear radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with oscillograph and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine; Described gas core radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism comprises gas core radiation detector, gas core radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on gas core radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention be take ranging pulse amplitude spectrum and as basis, carried out the charge number of gas core radiation detector collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage and measure, take the most significant feature energy peak of same deposition power generation in detector is beasurement base, avoided the interference of other sedimentary energies, the relation curve measurement of the charge number of collection and impressed voltage has been extended to radiation source and the gas neutron detector field of transmitting different-energy β particle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is gas detector and voltage-current curve measurement mechanism schematic diagram;
K-detector anode, C-detector negative electrode, W-insulator, A-galvanometer, V
0-voltage;
(a) V in
0for negative high voltage, (b) middle V
0for positive high voltage;
Fig. 2 is the charge number of collection and the relation curve schematic diagram of impressed voltage;
Fig. 3 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that pulse amplitude spectrum assay method is determined time constant hardware configuration schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the charge number of pulse height spectral method measurement collection and the relation curve hardware configuration schematic diagram of impressed voltage;
Fig. 6 is pulse amplitude spectrum schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is in embodiment during impressed voltage 1150V
3he proportional counter tube pulse amplitude spectrum schematic diagram;
(a) each 4 μ s(b of micro-, the integration of main amplifier) main amplifier integration 2 μ s, differential 4 μ s
Fig. 8 is in embodiment during impressed voltage 1350V
3he proportional counter tube pulse amplitude spectrum schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is
3the charge number that He proportional counter tube is collected and the graph of relation of impressed voltage.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
The hardware configuration of the charge number that gas core radiation detector provided by the present invention is collected and the relation curve measuring system of impressed voltage comprises time constant determining device and gas nuclear radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism, wherein, the structure of described time constant determining device as shown in Figure 4, comprise nuclear radiation detector, nuclear radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on nuclear radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with oscillograph and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine.The structure of described gas core radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism as shown in Figure 5, comprise gas core radiation detector, gas core radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on gas core radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine.
As shown in Figure 3, the charge number that gas core radiation detector provided by the invention is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, comprise the steps:
(1) by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, determine main amplifier time constant, the horizontal ordinate of described pulse amplitude spectrum is the road number of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, the counting that ordinate is multichannel pulse scope-analyzer.
Because nuclear radiation detector operating voltage interval of the same type is can difference too not large, the plus high-pressure of nuclear radiation detector is adjusted to any point in the operating voltage interval of estimation, by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, regulate micro-, the integration time constant of main amplifier, the time constant that strobe pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is high, location, resolution=main peak halfwidth/main peak road.During pulse height spectrometry, also need to use oscillograph to observe the shape of main amplifier output pulse, guarantee that distortion does not occur for it is Gauss's peak shape.To same nuclear radiation detector, because the larger main amplifier of time constant output pulse is wider, counting loss rate is higher, thus under identical pulse amplitude spectrum resolution prerequisite in order to reduce counting loss rate, select little time constant.
(2) under definite main amplifier time constant, the plus high-pressure that has loaded the gas core radiation detector of radiation source is regulated from small to large, until there is nuclear signal feature energy peak in pulse amplitude spectrum, as shown in Figure 6, using high pressure now as the starting potential of measuring; If pulse amplitude spectrum occur a plurality of can peak, the peak position of usining is the highest can peak as described nuclear signal feature energy peak.
(3) regulate main amplifier enlargement factor that pulse amplitude spectrum is adjusted to suitable width, now road number corresponding to main amplifier output maximum impulse is less than the max number of channels of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer and is greater than 1/2 of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer max number of channels, records main amplifier enlargement factor k
iwith pulse height spectrum signature energy peak-to-peak position location, road m
i;
(4) take starting potential as benchmark, high-tension cell one fixed width is regulated from small to large, under each high pressure, press step (3) duplicate measurements process; Regulating the fixed width of high-tension cell can be 50V or 100V.
(5) according to the data of measuring, draw lg (m
i/ k
i) with the curve of high pressure variation, be the charge number of collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage; According to the relation curve recording, compare with Fig. 2, can judge or verify this type photodetector.Gas gain during by starting potential is decided to be 1, according to measurement data, can calculate gas gain scope.
Embodiment
Nuclear radiation detector uses
3he proportional counter tube, radiation source is used
241am-Be isotope neutron source.Use pulse amplitude spectrum assay method to determine time constant, its hardware configuration as shown in Figure 4.
3he working voltage of proportional counter tube generally, between 1000 to 1500V, during experiment, is incited somebody to action
3he proportional counter tube impressed voltage is adjusted to 1150V.Under this high pressure, the output of the high and main amplifier of pulse height spectral resolution does not distort, and minimum time constant is main amplifier integration 2 μ s, differential 4 μ s.As shown in Figure 7a, main amplifier is micro-, the pulse amplitude spectrum main peak generation splitting of each 4 μ s of integration, and effect characteristics energy peak-to-peak position is determined.
The charge number of measurement collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage under the time constant of main amplifier integration 2 μ s differential 4 μ s, hardware configuration as shown in Figure 5, while recording impressed voltage 1350V
3he proportional counter tube pulse amplitude spectrum as shown in Figure 8.
3the reaction equation of He and neutron generation nuclear reaction is:
n+
3He→
3H+
1H+0.764MeV
Reaction generates the energy of 764keV, is all converted into the kinetic energy of reaction product tritium and proton, and tritium and proton carry respectively the energy of 191keV and 573keV.The kinetic energy of tritium and proton is all deposited on the energy peak producing in detector
3the feature energy peak of He proportional counter tube pulse amplitude spectrum, as shown in Figure 8.Starting potential 250V, due to main amplifier enlargement factor lower limit (the minimum enlargement factor of main amplifier is 5), the final voltage of measuring is that 1500V (is adjusted to minimum in the situation that in main amplifier enlargement factor, if increase high pressure, feature energy peak will exceed the measurement range of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer again).Record
3the charge number that He proportional counter tube is collected and the relation curve of impressed voltage as shown in Figure 9, according to the relation curve recording, compare with Fig. 2, have verified that institute's survey detector is proportional counter.Gas gain during by starting potential is decided to be 1, and the gas gain in the time of can calculating final voltage according to measurement data is 51.9.
The prime amplifier model QF07 using in the present embodiment, main amplifier model BH1218, multichannel pulse scope-analyzer model 2048, oscillograph model TDS2024.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and within modification belongs to the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technology thereof, the present invention is also intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (4)
1. the charge number that gas core radiation detector is collected and a relation curve measuring method for impressed voltage, comprise the steps:
(1) by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, determine main amplifier time constant, the horizontal ordinate of described pulse amplitude spectrum is the road number of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, the counting that ordinate is multichannel pulse scope-analyzer; The method of determining main amplifier time constant is: the plus high-pressure of nuclear radiation detector is adjusted to any point in the operating voltage interval of estimation, by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, regulate micro-, the integration time constant of main amplifier, use oscillograph to observe the shape of main amplifier output pulse simultaneously, guarantee that its peak shape does not distort, the time constant that strobe pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is high, location, resolution=main peak halfwidth/main peak road; In the situation that pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is identical, select relatively little time constant;
(2), under definite main amplifier time constant, the plus high-pressure that has loaded the gas core radiation detector of radiation source is regulated from small to large, until nuclear signal feature energy peak appears in pulse amplitude spectrum, using high pressure now as the starting potential of measuring;
(3) regulate main amplifier enlargement factor that pulse amplitude spectrum is adjusted to suitable width, now road number corresponding to main amplifier output maximum impulse is less than the max number of channels of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer and is greater than 1/2 of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer max number of channels, records main amplifier enlargement factor k
iwith pulse height spectrum signature energy peak-to-peak position location, road m
i;
(4) take starting potential as benchmark, high-tension cell one fixed width is regulated from small to large, under each high pressure, press step (3) duplicate measurements process;
(5) according to the data of measuring, draw lg (m
i/ k
i) with the curve of high pressure variation, be the charge number of collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage.
2. the charge number that gas core radiation detector as claimed in claim 1 is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, it is characterized in that: in step (2), if pulse amplitude spectrum occur a plurality of can peak, the peak position of usining is the highest can peak as described nuclear signal feature energy peak.
3. the charge number that gas core radiation detector as claimed in claim 1 is collected and the relation curve measuring method of impressed voltage, is characterized in that: in step (4), regulating the fixed width of high-tension cell is 50V or 100V.
4. the charge number that a gas core radiation detector is collected and the relation curve measuring system of impressed voltage, it is characterized in that: comprise time constant determining device and gas nuclear radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism, wherein, described time constant determining device comprises nuclear radiation detector, nuclear radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on nuclear radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with oscillograph and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine; Described gas core radiation detector pulse amplitude spectrum measurement mechanism comprises gas core radiation detector, gas core radiation detector connects prime amplifier and main amplifier in turn, high-voltage power supply is transferred on gas core radiation detector by prime amplifier, main amplifier is connected with multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, and multichannel pulse scope-analyzer connects computing machine;
By multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, determine main amplifier time constant, the horizontal ordinate of described pulse amplitude spectrum is the road number of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, the counting that ordinate is multichannel pulse scope-analyzer; The method of determining main amplifier time constant is: the plus high-pressure of nuclear radiation detector is adjusted to any point in the operating voltage interval of estimation, by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, measure the pulse amplitude spectrum of the main amplifier output being connected with nuclear radiation detector, regulate micro-, the integration time constant of main amplifier, use oscillograph to observe the shape of main amplifier output pulse simultaneously, guarantee that its peak shape does not distort, the time constant that strobe pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is high, location, resolution=main peak halfwidth/main peak road; In the situation that pulse amplitude spectrum intermediate-resolution is identical, select relatively little time constant;
Under definite main amplifier time constant, the plus high-pressure that has loaded the gas core radiation detector of radiation source is regulated from small to large, until nuclear signal feature energy peak appears in pulse amplitude spectrum, using high pressure now as the starting potential of measuring;
Regulate main amplifier enlargement factor that pulse amplitude spectrum is adjusted to suitable width, now road number corresponding to main amplifier output maximum impulse is less than the max number of channels of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer and is greater than 1/2 of multichannel pulse scope-analyzer max number of channels, records main amplifier enlargement factor k
iwith pulse height spectrum signature energy peak-to-peak position location, road m
i;
Take starting potential as benchmark, high-tension cell one fixed width is regulated from small to large, under each high pressure, press previous step duplicate measurements process;
According to the data of measuring, draw lg (m
i/ k
i) with the curve of high pressure variation, be the charge number of collection and the relation curve of impressed voltage.
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| CN102338880A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-02-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Nuclear pulse amplitude digitizing method and system |
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