CN102839121B - Small-size biological hydrogen-producing device for rural family - Google Patents
Small-size biological hydrogen-producing device for rural family Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-size biological hydrogen-producing device for a rural family. A rubbish breaking device is connected with a feeding port of a hydrogen-producing reactor through an auger; the interior of the hydrogen-producing reactor has a double-reaction area structure which is composed of an aerobiotic pretreatment chamber and an anaerobic digestion hydrogen-producing chamber; the broken rubbish is respectively subjected to aerobiotic pretreatment and anaerobic digestion hydrogen production; a valve which can be unidirectionally opened by facing to the anaerobic digestion hydrogen-producing chamber is arranged between the aerobiotic pretreatment chamber and the anaerobic digestion hydrogen-producing chamber; a nanometer ceramic film-coating roller for collecting hydrogen and aerating penetrates through the center of the hydrogen-producing reactor; a gas outlet end of the nanometer ceramic film-coating roller is connected with a hydrogen-film separating device for purifying and drying the hydrogen in biogas; the hydrogen-film separating device is connected with a molecular sieve hydrogen storing device; the hydrogen-producing reactor is mounted on a base; a 360-degree ratable universal wheel is mounted on the lower part of the base, so that the device is convenient to move and place; and brackets are arranged on two sides of the base and are respectively used for fixing the auger and the hydrogen-film separating device. The invention also provides a method for preparing the hydrogen by utilizing the device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bioenergy technical field, be specifically related to family, a kind of rural area small-sized biological device for producing hydrogen.
Background technology
Along with the propelling of building Socialist New, when villager's standard of living improves, villages and small towns problem of environmental pollution and the wasting of resources have been brought.It is reported, China is the country of rural organic wastes quantum of output maximum in the world, annual nearly more than 40 hundred million t, Amount of poultry excrements 26.1 hundred million t wherein, agricultural crop straw 7.0 hundred million t, plastics 2.5 ten thousand t such as discarded plastic sheeting for farm use, vegetable castoff 100,000,000-1.5 hundred million t.Wherein, life source, China villages and small towns organic waste, human faecal mass, and the organic waste amount portion that villages and small towns service sector brings is larger, causes villages and small towns rubbish arbitrarily to topple over, muck huddles, the random phenomenon such as buttress of faggot, has a strong impact on look of a village village looks and endanger resident healthy.
Hydrogen, as efficient, clean, the reproducible energy, is subject to people's growing interest.In multiple hydrogen production process, biological hydrogen production has environmental friendliness, substrate scope is wide and technique is simple, can produce the multiple superiority such as the biogas energy with high added value.But, because villages and small towns waste disperses, mixes, existing biological hydrogen production reactor exist pre-treatment requirement high, start slowly, fluctuation of service, the problem such as factor of created gase is low, energy consumption is high and floor space is large.Therefore, the applicable China of research and development villages and small towns single household is used, and the anaerobic hydrogen-generating device with " miniaturization, low cost, easy to operate " is not only study hotspot, is also difficulties urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the small-sized device for producing hydrogen in family, a kind of villages and small towns.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned device for producing hydrogen to prepare hydrogen.
For achieving the above object, the small-sized device for producing hydrogen in family, villages and small towns provided by the invention, mainly comprises:
Garbage crushing device, is connected with the opening for feed that produces hydrogen reactor by auger;
The housing that produces hydrogen reactor is bilayer structure, and producing hydrogen reactor inside is the double-reaction area structure that aerobic pretreatment chamber and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber form, and the rubbish after fragmentation carries out respectively aerobic pretreatment and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation; Between aerobic pretreatment chamber and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber, be provided with towards hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber unidirectional openable valve;
Produce independently interlayer of the bilayer structure Wei Yu pretreatment chamber of hydrogen reactor housing corresponding with fermentation and hydrogen production chamber two, in interlayer, be filled with liquid heat transfer medium; Two interlayers are all respectively provided with fluid inlet and liquid outlet, and connect by pipeline;
Produce hydrogen reactor center and be penetrated with the nano ceramics plated film roller bearing for hydrogen collection and aeration, nano ceramics plated film roller bearing connects hydrogen membrane tripping device, and the hydrogen in biogas is purified and is dried; Hydrogen membrane tripping device connects molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device;
Produce hydrogen reactor and be arranged on a base, this base bottom is provided with the rotatable universal wheel of 360 degree, is convenient to moving and laying of device; Base both sides are provided with support, are respectively used to fixedly auger and hydrogen membrane tripping device.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, garbage crushing device comprises refuse breaking chamber and auger, and one end of auger is connected with the opening for feed that produces hydrogen reactor, and refuse breaking chamber and auger are jointly fixed on and produce on hydrogen reactor support.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, producing hydrogen reactor is aspect ratio 1: 0.5-1: 5 horizontal drum; Inner aerobic pretreatment chamber and the volume ratio of hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber are 1: 1-1: 5.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, produces hydrogen reactor inwall 4-6 group triangular prism-shaped baffle plate is installed, and the rubbish after fragmentation is beaten material is fully mixed with fermentation thalline through baffle plate in producing hydrogen reactor rotary course, and gets rid of waste heat in time; The shell that produces hydrogen reactor is double-deck temperature control layer, in this temperature control layer, is filled with liquid heat transfer medium, utilizes the heat producing in aerobic preprocessing process to carry out temperature control to anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber, realizes the recycle of system internal heat.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, produces hydrogen reactor inside temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen combined electrode is all installed, and the index in fermenting process is carried out to the real time measure.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, is provided with membrane module and siccative in hydrogen membrane tripping device, the hydrogen in biogas is carried out to separation and dry.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device inside is filled with Hanggin 2
#soil sieves with the storage hydrogen molecule that red mud is prepared through hydrate established law; The loadings of storage hydrogen molecule sieve is the 10-80% of molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device useful volume.
The method of utilizing above-mentioned device for producing hydrogen to prepare hydrogen provided by the invention, rubbish after fragmentation carries out aerobic pretreatment in the aerobic pretreatment chamber of producing hydrogen reactor, the biogas producing enters hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber by being provided with the unidirectional openable valve towards hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber, and adds hydrogenogens agent to carry out hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation is indoor;
The biogas producing is collected by nano ceramics plated film roller bearing, enters molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device and store after hydrogen membrane tripping device purifies and is dried the hydrogen in biogas.
Described method, wherein, the temperature of aerobic pretreatment is 15-80 ℃; The temperature of hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation is 20-35 ℃.
Described method, wherein, the temperature control of anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber is to utilize the heat producing in aerobic preprocessing process to carry out temperature control to anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber, realizes the recycle of system internal heat.
The present invention organically combines the technology such as mechanical pretreatment, biological treatment, film processing, physical and chemical adsorption, have complementary advantages, that combination unit has is flexible for installation, floor space is little, working cost is low, gas production rate is large, can intermittent operation etc. feature, the collection of biogas, purification and storage are convenient, are suitable for the recycling of rural area single household domestic refuse.By application of the present invention, renewable resources utilization, Pollution abatement and hydrogen manufacturing can be combined and carried out, in organic waste higher value application, realize the target that reduces discharging production capacity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Sign flag explanation in accompanying drawing:
1 shredder assembly; 2 augers; Hydrogen reactor is produced in 3 pairs of chambers; 4 aerobic pretreatment chambers; 5 anaerobically fermenting chambers; 6 combined electrodes; 7 nano ceramics plated film roller bearings; 8 hydrogen membrane tripping devices; 9 molecular sieve hydrogen-storing devices; 10 supports; 11 bases; 12 universal wheels; 13 one-way cocks.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of compact in design reasonable, both can process difficult degradation organic waste, guarantee to produce quick startup, the steady running of hydrogen reactor, floor space is little again, biogas output is high, be convenient to the biological hydrogen production combination unit that stores and utilize, for rural area single household domestic rubbish disposal and higher value application.
Villages and small towns of the present invention domestic refuse comprises the mixed garbage of rubbish from cooking, human and animal excreta, stalk and difficult degradation.
Small-sized biological hydrogen manufacturing combination unit for the family, villages and small towns that the present invention proposes, its primary structure is:
Double-reaction area structure (producing hydrogen reactor hereinafter to be referred as two chambers), hydrogen membrane tripping device, molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device that apparatus of the present invention are comprised of aerobic pretreatment chamber and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber refuse breaking e Foerderanlage, product hydrogen reactor are connected in series and form successively.Refuse breaking e Foerderanlage produces hydrogen reactor with two chambers and is connected by auger, and the rubbish after fragmentation produces respectively high hydrogen richness biogas in hydrogen reactor is produced in two chambers behind aerobic pretreatment chamber and anaerobically fermenting chamber.The nano ceramics plated film roller bearing outlet side that hydrogen reactor is produced in two chambers connects hydrogen membrane tripping device, carries out biogas purification.Membrane separation unit connects molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device, for storage and the utilization of hydrogen-rich gas.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, refuse breaking e Foerderanlage comprises refuse breaking chamber and auger, Yu Shuan chamber, auger one end is produced hydrogen reactor opening for feed and is connected, and is jointly fixed on and produces on hydrogen reactor support, saves floor space.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, it is aspect ratio 1: 0.5-1 that hydrogen reactor is produced in two chambers: 5 horizontal drum, and inwall is provided with 4-6 group triangular prism-shaped baffle plate, waste is beaten material is fully mixed with fermentation thalline through baffle plate in tank body rotary course, and gets rid of waste heat in time.Tank interior is double-reaction area structure, and middle part can be divided into pretreatment chamber and fermentation and hydrogen production chamber by Open valve by unidirectional, and volume ratio is 1: 1-1: 5.Two chamber interior are all provided with temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen combined electrode, and the index in fermenting process is carried out to the real time measure.The roller bearing of nano ceramics plated film runs through from centre of the drum, and appliance stand is fixed on by flange in axle two ends, for collection and the aeration of hydrogen.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, fill liquid heat transferring medium in the outside temperature control floor of hydrogen reactor is produced in two chambers, make good use of and support the heat heating heat exchange liquid producing in preprocessing process, the temperature control floor that heat exchange liquid after intensification continues to enter anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber carries out heated for controlling temperature to anaerobic fermentation process, last cooled heat exchange liquid is circulated to pretreatment chamber's temperature control layer more again, realizes the recycle of system internal heat.Under non-power consumption condition, can make the temperature of anaerobically fermenting chamber remain on 20-50 ℃, aerobic decomposition pretreatment chamber temperature is controlled at 15-80 ℃.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, hydrogen membrane tripping device is comprised of Hydrogen Separation film, siccative, crust of the device, and separated for biogas hydrogen and other components has the effect of gas drying concurrently.The biogas that anaerobism produces is after Hydrogen Separation film is purified, and hydrogen purity reaches more than 90%.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device inside is filled with storage hydrogen molecule sieve.Hydrogen storage material is by Hanggin 2
#soil is prepared the molecular sieve hydrogen storage material of high absorption property with red mud through hydrate established law, loadings is the 10-80% of hydrogen storage chamber's volume.
Described device for producing hydrogen, wherein, hydrogen membrane tripping device and molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device are all installed on two chambers and produce on hydrogen reactor base, and compact design has greatly reduced the floor space of combination unit.Device pedestal is provided with the rotatable universal wheel of 360 degree and wheel lock, is convenient to the own movement of device and lays, and realizes processing in time on the spot of waste.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is illustrated in greater detail.
Villages and small towns domestic refuse is delivered to two chambers by auger 2 and produces hydrogen reactor 3 after shredder assembly 1 is pulverized, rubbish produces in two chambers that hydrogen reactor 3 is interior produces respectively high hydrogen richness biogas behind aerobic pretreatment chamber 4 and anaerobically fermenting chamber 5, in the middle of aerobic pretreatment chamber 4 and anaerobically fermenting chamber 5, is provided with the unidirectional openable one-way cock 13 towards anaerobically fermenting chamber 5.By the index in the temperature in aerobic pretreatment chamber 4 and anaerobically fermenting chamber 5, pH value, 6 pairs of fermenting processs of dissolved oxygen combined electrode, carry out the real time measure, and data synchronous transmission to control panel is shown.Biogas is delivered to hydrogen membrane tripping device 8 through nano ceramics plated film roller bearing 7 and purifies and be dried, the netted roller bearing of hollow that nano ceramics film roller bearing of the present invention is stainless steel, and skin is coated with nano ceramics film for collection and the aeration of biogas.Hydrogen-rich gas after purification is stored and is utilized by molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device 9.
A whole set of combination unit is all rationally placed in and produces on hydrogen reactor support 10 and base 11, wherein disintegrating apparatus is installed in left-hand foot, auger is fixed in left side brackets, and hydrogen membrane tripping device is fixed on right side support, and molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device is installed on the base of right side.Under a whole set of combination unit base, the rotatable universal wheel 12 of 360 degree is installed, is convenient to the own movement of device and lays, realize processing in time on the spot of waste.
A specific embodiment is as follows:
The total floor space 2.5m of small-sized biological hydrogen manufacturing combination unit for family, villages and small towns
2, refuse grinder physical dimension 30cm * 30cm wherein, auger is long is 50cm; It is 2: 1 that hydrogen reactor aspect ratio is produced in two chambers, physical dimension 2m * 1m, cubic capacity 1.5m
3, aerobic pretreatment chamber useful volume 0.5m wherein
3, anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber useful volume 1.0m
3, volume ratio is 1: 2; Hydrogen membrane tripping device is column, and physical dimension 20cm * 10cm hangs on support top, right side, and molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device is positioned at support below, right side, the right cylinder of physical dimension 20cm * 10cm, the inner Hanggin 2 of filling
#soil molecular sieve, loading level 60%.By being packed into aerobic room after Domestic garbage crushing, carry out decomposition pre-treatment, loadings is useful volume 50%.Decomposition was transferred to anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber by material through one-way cock after 7 days, adds highly effective hydrogen yield microbial inoculum produce hydrogen with strengthening by thief hole.Because product hydrogen reactor housing of the present invention is bilayer structure, this bilayer structure is divided into two independently interlayers, is filled with liquid heat transfer medium in interlayer.One of them of two interlayers is the shell of aerobic pretreatment chamber, and another interlayer is the shell of fermentation and hydrogen production chamber.Two interlayers are respectively provided with a fluid inlet and a liquid outlet, with pipeline, two interlayers are connected as one, and by a pump, two liquid heat transfer mediums in interlayer are flowed, thereby form temperature controlling system.Temperature controlling system of the present invention is to utilize aerobic pretreatment for thermopositive reaction, the principle that anaerobically fermenting is thermo-negative reaction.With the heat heating liquids heat transferring medium that aerobic pretreatment chamber produces, flow to anaerobically fermenting chamber, anaerobically fermenting chamber is heated, make anaerobically fermenting chambers temp remain on 20-35 ℃, the anaerobically fermenting cycle is 4 days, in biogas, hydrogen content is higher than 60%, waste material transformation efficiency reaches more than 80%, garbage harmless 100%.In reaction process, two Room materials fermentation information exchanges are crossed data transmission system and are synchronized to control panel and show, are convenient to operation and control, and have guaranteed the steady running of reaction unit.Apparatus of the present invention floor space is little, mobile and easy for installation, and product hydrogen speed is fast, and anaerobic room is feeded in latter 12 hours can produce hydrogen.
Claims (10)
1. the small-sized device for producing hydrogen in family, villages and small towns, mainly comprises:
Garbage crushing device, is connected with the opening for feed that produces hydrogen reactor by auger;
The housing that produces hydrogen reactor is bilayer structure, and producing hydrogen reactor inside is the double-reaction area structure that aerobic pretreatment chamber and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber form, and the rubbish after fragmentation carries out respectively aerobic pretreatment and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation; Between aerobic pretreatment chamber and hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber, be provided with towards hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber unidirectional openable valve;
Produce independently interlayer of the bilayer structure Wei Yu pretreatment chamber of hydrogen reactor housing corresponding with fermentation and hydrogen production chamber two, in interlayer, be filled with liquid heat transfer medium; Two interlayers are all respectively provided with fluid inlet and liquid outlet, and connect by pipeline;
Produce hydrogen reactor center and be penetrated with the nano ceramics plated film roller bearing for hydrogen collection and aeration, the outlet side of nano ceramics plated film roller bearing connects hydrogen membrane tripping device, and the hydrogen in biogas is purified and is dried; Hydrogen membrane tripping device connects molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device, and molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device inside is filled with Hanggin 2
#soil sieves with the storage hydrogen molecule that red mud is prepared through hydrate established law;
Produce hydrogen reactor and be arranged on a base, this base bottom is provided with the rotatable universal wheel of 360 degree, is convenient to moving and laying of device; Base both sides are provided with support, are respectively used to fixedly auger and hydrogen membrane tripping device.
2. device for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein, garbage crushing device comprises refuse breaking chamber and auger, and one end of auger is connected with the opening for feed that produces hydrogen reactor, and refuse breaking chamber and auger are fixed on product hydrogen reactor support jointly.
3. device for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein, producing hydrogen reactor is the horizontal drum of aspect ratio 1:0.5-1:5; Inner aerobic pretreatment chamber and the volume ratio of hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber are 1:1-1:5.
4. device for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein, produce hydrogen reactor inwall 4-6 group triangular prism-shaped baffle plate is installed, the rubbish after fragmentation is beaten material is fully mixed with fermentation thalline through baffle plate in producing hydrogen reactor rotary course, and gets rid of waste heat in time; The shell that produces hydrogen reactor is double-deck temperature control layer, in this temperature control layer, is filled with liquid heat transfer medium, utilizes the heat producing in aerobic preprocessing process to carry out temperature control to anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber, realizes the recycle of system internal heat.
5. according to the device for producing hydrogen described in claim 1,3 or 4, wherein, produce hydrogen reactor inside temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen combined electrode are all installed, the index in fermenting process is carried out to the real time measure.
6. device for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein, is provided with membrane module and siccative in hydrogen membrane tripping device, and the hydrogen in biogas is carried out to separation and dry.
7. device for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein, the loadings of storage hydrogen molecule sieve is the 10-80% of molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device useful volume.
8. a method of utilizing device for producing hydrogen described in claim 1 to prepare hydrogen, rubbish after fragmentation carries out aerobic pretreatment in the aerobic pretreatment chamber of producing hydrogen reactor, the biogas producing enters hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber by being provided with the unidirectional openable valve towards hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation chamber, and adds hydrogenogens agent to carry out hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation is indoor;
The biogas producing enters molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device by the collection of nano ceramics plated film roller bearing and stores after hydrogen membrane tripping device purifies and is dried the hydrogen in biogas, and molecular sieve hydrogen-storing device inside is filled with Hanggin 2
#soil sieves with the storage hydrogen molecule that red mud is prepared through hydrate established law.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, the temperature of aerobic pretreatment is 15-80 ℃; The temperature of hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation is 20-35 ℃.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein, the temperature control of anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber is to utilize the heat producing in aerobic preprocessing process to carry out temperature control to anaerobic hydrogen-generating chamber, realizes the recycle of system internal heat.
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| CA3036072A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Distributed systems for the efficient production and use of microbe-based compositions |
| CA3052977A1 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Portable device and methods for efficient production of microbes |
| CN106947686B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-04-12 | 河南农业大学 | Household movable formula hydrogen production bioreactor and its hydrogen manufacturing operating method |
| EP3704260A4 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2021-10-13 | Locus IP Company, LLC | Matrix fermentation systems and methods for producing microbe-based products |
| CN109136068B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-09-14 | 沈阳德氏冷饮食品有限公司 | Preparation system, component proportion and method of probiotic fermented beverage |
| CN117187031A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-12-08 | 刘明 | Kitchen garbage microbial degradation treatment device |
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| CN102839121A (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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