CN102828259B - Saw tooth type needle-free electrostatic spinning device - Google Patents

Saw tooth type needle-free electrostatic spinning device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102828259B
CN102828259B CN201210347514.5A CN201210347514A CN102828259B CN 102828259 B CN102828259 B CN 102828259B CN 201210347514 A CN201210347514 A CN 201210347514A CN 102828259 B CN102828259 B CN 102828259B
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spinning
central shaft
component
manifold body
type needle
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CN102828259A (en
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刘延波
刘健
张泽茹
马营
陈威亚
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin

Abstract

The invention discloses a saw tooth type needle-free electrostatic spinning device, which comprises a liquid supply system, a spinning system, a power supply system, a receiving system, a transmission system and a control system. The device is characterized in that the spinning system comprises a spinning manifold body, a spinning component and a center shaft; the exterior of the spinning manifold body has a horizontal cuboidal shape, and a horizontal cylindrical cavity is formed in the spinning manifold body; a main body of the center shaft is arranged in the cavity, and the two ends of the center shaft extend from the spinning manifold body, and are connected with the transmission system; the spinning component has an axially continuous or parallel thin rack structure, and points of a rack are outwards arranged on the center shaft, and can be driven by the center shaft to rotate; distances of 1 to 3mm are reserved between the points and the inner wall of the spinning manifold body; a liquid inlet pipe orifice of the spinning manifold body is communicated with a spinning metering pump of the liquid supply system, and an overflow port of the spinning manifold body is connected to a liquid storage device of the liquid supply system through a pipe, and is reserved between the bottom of the spinning component and the center shaft; and rectangular spinning openings are reserved in positions opposite to the highest parts of the spinning component on the upper surface of the spinning manifold body.

Description

A kind of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrostatic spinning technique, be specially a kind of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus.
Background technology
Electrostatic spinning technique is a kind of technology utilizing electrostatic field force to produce nano-fiber material, at home and abroad obtains in recent years and studies widely.Its main technique principle is: under high voltage electrostatic field, and the pendency droplet top under electrostatic force being in capillary exit sends fine jet, and jet is in receiving system flight course, and solvent evaporates, is solidified into fiber.Electrostatic spinning technique is divided into needle-based and the large class of needleless hair style two.Multi needle or multiinjector Static Spinning technology utilize capillary to carry out the method for electrostatic spinning, is considered to the effective ways realizing the production of scale nano-fiber material.A representative of this technology is the electrospinning process described in WO2007035011, and the method is provided with 38880, nozzle altogether.Needle-based Static Spinning gained fiber has that fineness is comparatively thin, the uniform advantage of product, but there will be serious " edge effect (End effect) " phenomenon in Multi needle or multiinjector Static Spinning process, exactly owing to causing the syringe needle of both sides or nozzle jet out can to both sides knockdown with the mutual superposition of electrostatic field between row's Multi needle, make receiving system can only receive middle few fibers, cause electrostatic spinning efficiency and output to be had a greatly reduced quality, result be Multi needle or many shower nozzles Static Spinning can not as people be willing to reach the productive rate of expection.In addition, needle-based Static Spinning also exists that syringe needle easily blocks, difficult cleaning, easily causes the problems such as product structure is irregular, deterioration.
Compare needle-based Static Spinning, it is high, easy to operate that needleless hair style Static Spinning has output, there is not syringe needle blockage problem, and spinneret surface easy to clean, equipment is simple, the features such as manufacturing cost is lower.At present as the needle-less electrostatic spinning technique of world, it is Elmarco company of Czech (roll-type) needle-less electrostatic spinning technique, it adopts the transfer roller (see WO2005/024101A1) of the different surface morphology such as light face or surface band screw thread, decorative pattern as electrostatic spinning head, it is thicker that its machining obtains nanofiber, and uneven fineness is larger: when carrying out solution Static Spinning, average diameter is in 50 ~ 500nm scope; When carrying out melt Static Spinning, diameter is more than 1 μm, and plucked.In addition, because transfer roller is metal solid, cause Surface charge distribution density lower, required actual spinning voltage is too high, and energy consumption is large, and the receiving range not malleable of its fiber, is not easy to the on-line tuning carrying out technological parameter.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is, a kind of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus is provided, this device utilizes the electrostatic spinning assembly of special construction, output and the product uniformity of nanofiber product can be increased substantially, and the problem such as the blocking of the electrostatic interference avoiding problem in conventional needle hair style electrostatic spinning process (" End effect " phenomenon), syringe needle and inconvenience cleaning; The features such as compared with existing roll-type needle-less electrostatic spinning technique, electrostatic spinning apparatus required voltage of the present invention is lower, effectively improves energy utilization rate, has structure simple, is convenient to industrializing implementation, applied widely.
The technical scheme that the present invention solve the technical problem is, design a kind of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus, this device is made up of liquid-supplying system, spinning system, high-pressure electrostatic generation systems, receiving system, transmission system and control system, it is characterized in that described spinning system comprises spinning manifold, filament spinning component and central shaft, the outside of spinning manifold is horizontal rectangular shape, inside is Horizontal cylinder shape cavity, central shaft main body is arranged in this cavity, two ends are stretched out outside spinning manifold, and are connected with transmission system; Described filament spinning component is the slim rack structure of axial continous mode or block form, and the tip of its tooth bar is outwards installed on center shaft, and can by central shaft driven rotary, and the inwall of this tip and described spinning manifold remains with 1 ~ 3mm distance; The feed liquor mouth of pipe of spinning manifold is connected with the fluid mouth of pipe of the spinning pump of liquid-supplying system, and its liquid spill-way pipe is received within the reservoir of liquid-supplying system, and liquid spill-way position is opened bottom filament spinning component and between central shaft; The spinning manifold upper surface position corresponding with the highest point of filament spinning component has rectangle spinning mouth.
Compared with prior art, serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention is a kind of process units of free fluid surface from the nanofiber (net) of group utilizing polymer dope, scale, the continuous prodution that nanofiber (net) prepared by high polymer spinning solution can be realized, effectively reduce electric energy loss, reduce production cost, improve the quality of products; The slim tooth bar that this device adopts band most advanced and sophisticated is as needleless hair style electrostatic spinning unit, can crown position produce more powerful and evenly field intensity, avoid the higher energy waste caused of required voltage that other needleless hair style electrospinning process causes because surface charge density is less; This device adopts the spinning manifold structure including cylindrical cavity, spinning manifold center upper portion offers rectangle spinning mouth, the crown number participating in spinning can be controlled by adjusting its opening size, effective control nanofiber layer spread range, avoid other same device spinning face the to sprawl uneven problem of product quality that obscure boundary causes, by adjustment face width, length and spinning manifold height, the effective control to product yield, fibre fineness and the uniformity can be realized; Whole electrostatic spinning process is in semi-closed state simultaneously, effectively alleviating environmental factor in nanofiber production process can not the rapid thickening due to the quick volatilization of solvent on the spinning solution of the impact, particularly spinning solution buffer area of spinning state and spinning effect; This process units, without the need to the syringe needle (capillary/nozzle) of conventional spinning method, avoids syringe needle and easily blocks and clean the defects such as difficulty; This process units manufacture is simple, easy to operate, and can meet production energy-saving requirement, implementation cost is low, is convenient to industrialization promotion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the shape and structure schematic diagram of the slim rack structure filament spinning component of continous mode single thread formula of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the shape and structure schematic diagram of the slim rack structure filament spinning component of arch (bridge) type of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention; Its concrete shape structure is that several tooth bar is looped around on a monoblock type central shaft, evenly arranges in orthoscopic arranged side by side, and neutral straight, bending two ends.
Fig. 4 is the shape and structure schematic diagram of the slim rack structure filament spinning component of arch (bridge) type of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention; Its concrete shape structure is that several tooth bar is looped around on separate type (two-part) central shaft, evenly arranges in orthoscopic arranged side by side, and neutral straight, bending two ends.
Fig. 5 is the shape and structure schematic diagram of the slim rack structure filament spinning component of block form collar plate shape of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the shape and structure schematic diagram of the slim rack structure of continous mode multi-head spiral (profile of tooth does not draw) filament spinning component of a kind of embodiment of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the PVA nanofiber SEM photo figure that a kind of embodiment (embodiment 4) of serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof:
The serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus (being called for short device, see Fig. 1 ~ 7) of the present invention's design, this device mainly comprises liquid-supplying system, spinning system, electric power system, receiving system, transmission system and control system.
Described liquid-supplying system is prior art, comprise spinning pump (being called for short measuring pump or Spinning pumps) 30 and reservoir 20, the feed liquor mouth of pipe of measuring pump 30 probes into below the spinning solution liquid level in reservoir 20, and under the effect of measuring pump 30, liquid-supplying system quantitatively provides spinning solution to spinning system.
Described spinning system is core of the present invention or feature, mainly comprise spinning manifold 35, filament spinning component 70 and central shaft 60, the outside of spinning manifold 35 is horizontal rectangular shape, inside is Horizontal cylinder shape cavity 45, central shaft 60 main body is arranged in this cavity 45, two ends are stretched out outside spinning manifold 35, and are connected with transmission system; Described filament spinning component 70 is the slim rack structure of axial continous mode or block form, and the tip of its tooth bar is outwards arranged on central shaft 60, and can by central shaft 60 driven rotary, and the inwall of this tip and described spinning manifold 35 remains with 1 ~ 3mm distance; The feed liquor mouth of pipe of spinning manifold 35 is connected with the fluid mouth of pipe of the spinning pump 30 of liquid-supplying system, its liquid spill-way 50 pipe is received within the reservoir 20 of liquid-supplying system, and the position of liquid spill-way 50 is opened between filament spinning component 70 bottommost and central shaft 60, to ensure smooth feed flow and spinning; The spinning manifold 35 upper surface position corresponding with the highest point of filament spinning component 70 has rectangle spinning mouth 75.
In apparatus of the present invention, described spinning manifold 35 is semi-enclosed structure, its middle position, top (position corresponding with the highest point of filament spinning component 70) has rectangle spinning mouth 75, the length of spinning mouth 75 is greater than the axial overall length of filament spinning component 70, width can be determined according to the work crown quantity of needs of production, is generally 1 ~ 10cm; The material of spinning manifold 35 can be PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), glass, ceramic contour performance dielectric material, good selection is glass or high-performance lucite, and the transparent cabinet 35 be made up of glass or high-performance lucite is convenient to observe and technological operation.The further feature of apparatus of the present invention is, described spinning manifold 35 can do vertical displacement movement, and to regulate the receiving range of spun fiber as required, the distance of described vertical displacement movement is 5 ~ 30cm.The mechanism that spinning manifold 35 does vertical displacement movement is the prior aries such as screw-threaded shaft elevator structure, hydraulicefficiency elevation structure.
Described filament spinning component 70 is the slim rack structure of axial continous mode or block form, and the tip of its tooth bar is outwards arranged on central shaft 60, and can by central shaft 60 driven rotary.Described axis refers to that the axis of slim tooth bar centrally axle 60 is continuously tooth bars continuously, comprise linear pattern (see Fig. 3,4) and spiral line type continuous (see Fig. 2,6) continuously, can be single head continuous (see Fig. 2), also can be uniform continuous (see the Fig. 6) of bull.Described block form refer to the axis of slim tooth bar centrally axle 60 be interrupted, repeat, the tooth bar of laid out in parallel, the slim tooth bar of such as collar plate shape is (see Fig. 5.Described slim tooth bar is prior art, comprises known standard industry tooth bar, saw blade or card clothing, its specification, model, length or quantity not circumscribed.The applicability of the industrial tooth bar of non-standard specification and size, saw blade or card clothing do not got rid of by described slim tooth bar, its specification, model, length or quantity not circumscribed equally.The further feature of apparatus of the present invention is, the diameter of the slim tooth bar of described collar plate shape is different with position difference, is the shape (accompanying drawing 5 is not shown) that centre is maximum, two ends reduce successively vertically.
Described axial continuous spinning assembly 70 is generally made up of the central shaft 60 of 1 ~ 8 metal rack and the uniform rotation of band carry-over bar.When adopting 1 metal rack, crown is outside, and this metal rack is coiled into spirality, forms single thread continuous spinning assembly 70(see Fig. 2); When adopting more than 2 metal racks, crown is outside, and metal rack is curved arch bridge shape, helical form, circular or other suitable shapes, makes circumference or axially uniform, and be arranged on (see Fig. 3 ~ 6) on central shaft 60 around central shaft 60.Embodiment preferred arch bridge shape metal rack filament spinning component.No matter the tooth bar of what shape and structure, the tip of tooth bar wants outwards to be arranged on central shaft 60 without exception, and " outer wall " of the inwall of this tip and described spinning manifold 35 or cavity 45 remains with 1 ~ 3mm distance.Described central shaft 60 can be that one section of monoblock type central shaft 60(is see Fig. 3,5) on, also can be two-phase seperation formula (two-part structure) central shaft 60(see Fig. 2,4,6, or perhaps subjunctive mood central shaft 60) on.The intermediate fit of described central shaft 60 has the part of filament spinning component 70 to be arranged within spinning manifold 35, and be positioned in the geometric center lines of described horizontal cavity 45, the two ends of central shaft 60 are then stretched out outside spinning manifold 35, and are connected with transmission system.
Electric power system described in apparatus of the present invention comprises positive high voltage dc source 80 and negative high voltage dc source 90; Described receiving system mainly comprises (deflector roll, withdrawal roller and take up roll etc. are not shown in Figure 1) conventional gear train and the negative-pressure air-suction machines 110 such as gas permeability collecting electrode 85, base cloth 120, deflector roll, withdrawal roller and take up roll; Described transmission system comprises driving central shaft 60 and rotates and drive the pivotal conventional gear train of receiving system base cloth 120; Described control system mainly comprises liquid-supplying system control and transmission system control.
Operation principle and the process of apparatus of the present invention are (see Fig. 1): the polymer dope 10 prepared is put into reservoir 20, feed in spinning manifold 35 through inlet 40 after polymer dope 10 is measured by spinning pump 30, form spinning solution memory block 65; The depth capacity of spinning solution memory block 65 is set by technological requirement, once there be unnecessary spinning solution automatically can flow back in reservoir 20 through liquid spill-way 50.Described filament spinning component 70 is connected into positive high voltage dc source 85 or ground connection, collecting electrode 85 ground connection or be connected into negative high voltage dc source 90, between filament spinning component 70 and collecting electrode 85, form high-voltage electrostatic field; Drive filament spinning component 70 to rotate continuously by the one or both sides of central shaft 60, bring the skim spinning solution 10 being positioned at spinning solution buffer area 65 below it into electrostatic field and carry out electrostatic spinning.When regulation voltage reaches critical spinning voltage, there is taylor cone in the crown position of filament spinning component 70, once step stretching of going forward side by side becomes spinning jet 100, moves towards collecting electrode 85.Meanwhile, the solvent in spinning solution 10 constantly volatilizees, and polymer cools gradually, and when arriving base cloth 120, polymer cure, forms nanofiber 130, comprise fiber web, film or non-woven fabric material.
Apparatus of the present invention greatly can improve the surface charge density of single electrospinning unit on filament spinning component 70, thus improve utilization rate of electrical, reduce production cost and expense, the fineness of gained nanofiber product is thinner, and evenly, and increased substantially product quality and output.
The present invention does not address part and is applicable to prior art.
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below.Specific embodiment, only for further illustrating the present invention, does not form the restriction to the present patent application claim.
Following examples experiment all adopts electrostatic spinning apparatus of the present invention (see Fig. 1), and spinning solution is the PVA of 20%w/v, its degree of polymerization 1700, and alcoholysis degree is 99mol%, molecular weight 74800; Spinning solution is by by PVA powder, adds in deionized water, dissolves preparation in 2 hours and obtain at 80 DEG C.Collecting electrode and base cloth are aluminium-foil paper.
Embodiment 1
Adopt tooth top be the tooth bar of isosceles triangle as electrostatic spinning unit, be combined into monodentate bar helical form electrostatic spinning assembly (see Fig. 2) and carry out the most advanced and sophisticated Static Spinning of the many jet of needleless hair style.Filament spinning component length 30cm, diameter is 20cm.Filament spinning component rotating speed is 5rev/min, and voltage is 20kV+2kV(positive high voltage electric power output voltage is 20kV, and negative high voltage power source output voltage is 2kV), receiving range is 15cm, obtains the PVA nano-fiber film that average diameter is 115nm, CV=12%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt tooth top be the tooth bar of isosceles triangle bend to diameter be the circle of 20cm as electrostatic spinning unit, be combined into tandem rack circle electrostatic spinning assembly (see Fig. 5) and carry out the many jet flow static electricities of needleless hair style and spin.Filament spinning component length 30cm, rotating speed is 5rev/min, above has equally distributed 5 rack circle spinnerets, spins that voltage is 26kV, receiving range is 15cm, obtains the PVA nanofiber that average diameter is 98nm, CV=10%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt tooth top be the tooth bar of isosceles triangle as electrostatic spinning unit, take block form multiple tooth bar electrostatic spinning assembly (see Fig. 4) with separate type central shaft to carry out many jet flow static electricities and spin.Filament spinning component length 30cm, above has 6 metal racks, and be parallel to each other configuration, the equidistant layout of distance center line.Spinneret diameter is 20cm.Adopt two synchronous motors to drive filament spinning component slow rotation, rotating speed is 5rev/min.Voltage is 28kV, receiving range is 15cm, obtains the PVA nanofiber that average diameter is 105nm, CV=9%.
Embodiment 4
Adopt 6 rooted tooth tops be the tooth bar of isosceles triangle as electrostatic spinning unit, form multiple tooth bar helical form electrostatic spinning assembly (see Fig. 6) and carry out many jet flow static electricities and spin.Filament spinning component length 30cm, spinneret diameter is 20cm, and filament spinning component rotating speed is 5rev/min, and voltage is 35kV, receiving range is 15cm, obtains the PVA nanofiber that average diameter is 120nm, CV=10%.The SEM photo of its nanofiber is see Fig. 7.

Claims (6)

1. a serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus, this device comprises liquid-supplying system, spinning system, electric power system, receiving system, transmission system and control system, it is characterized in that described spinning system comprises spinning manifold, filament spinning component and central shaft, the outside of spinning manifold is horizontal rectangular shape, inside is Horizontal cylinder shape cavity, central shaft main body is arranged in this cavity, and two ends are stretched out outside spinning manifold, and is connected with transmission system; Described filament spinning component is the slim rack structure of axial continous mode or block form, and the tip of its tooth bar is outwards installed on center shaft, and can by central shaft driven rotary, and the inwall of this tip and described spinning manifold remains with 1 ~ 3mm distance; The feed liquor mouth of pipe of spinning manifold is connected with the fluid mouth of pipe of the spinning pump of liquid-supplying system, and its liquid spill-way pipe is received within the reservoir of liquid-supplying system, and liquid spill-way position is opened bottom filament spinning component and between central shaft; The spinning manifold upper surface position corresponding with the highest point of filament spinning component has rectangle spinning mouth.
2. serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that described spinning manifold entirety can do vertical displacement movement, and the distance of described vertical displacement movement is 5 ~ 30cm.
3. serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that described central shaft is one section of monoblock type central shaft or two-phase seperation formula central shaft.
4. serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described filament spinning component forms by bending conglobate rack structure, and its diameter reduces to both sides tooth bar disk gradually from center tooth bar disk.
5. serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that coiling or helical form rack structure form described filament spinning component continuously vertically by one or several.
6. serration type needle-less electrostatic spinning apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that described filament spinning component is by being that the straight line arranged side by side arch (bridge) type rack structure of arranging forms with central shaft, and neutral straight, bending two ends.
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