CN102827639A - 用于气化系统的进料喷射器 - Google Patents

用于气化系统的进料喷射器 Download PDF

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CN102827639A
CN102827639A CN2012101973254A CN201210197325A CN102827639A CN 102827639 A CN102827639 A CN 102827639A CN 2012101973254 A CN2012101973254 A CN 2012101973254A CN 201210197325 A CN201210197325 A CN 201210197325A CN 102827639 A CN102827639 A CN 102827639A
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feed injector
injector nozzle
cooling
reaction zone
thickness
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T.柳
E.潘
P.玛里卡蒂
N.米什拉
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/232—Fuel valves; Draining valves or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/108—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel intersecting downstream of the burner outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C10J2300/1675—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Abstract

本申请涉及用于气化系统的进料喷射器。本申请及所得专利提供进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其用于在其中具有反应区(160)的气化系统(100)。进料喷射器喷嘴(150)可包括朝向反应区(160)延伸的多个管(190)。管(190)可在其间限定多个通路(180)。冷却水通道(300)可延伸穿过管(190)中的一个。冷却水通道(300)可包括与通路(180)中的一个邻近的第一侧(310)和与反应区(160)邻近的第二侧(320)。第一侧(310)可包括第一侧厚度(330)且第二侧(320)可包括第二侧厚度(340)，其中第一侧厚度(330)小于或等于第二侧厚度(340)。

Description

用于气化系统的进料喷射器
技术领域
本申请及所得专利大体涉及联合循环发电系统，且更具体而言涉及用于气化系统的进料喷射器的改进的冷却水通道，其可避免局部应变和相关联的开裂。
背景技术
联合循环发电系统大体包括与燃气涡轮发动机一体的气化系统。已知的气化系统将燃料、空气/氧气、蒸汽和/或其它材料的混合物转换成被称作“合成气”的部分氧化气体的输出。已知的气化系统大体使用进料喷射器来将混合物流供应到反射器容器内。已知的进料喷射器可暴露于反应器容器内的温度极端。具体而言，进料喷射器的顶端可暴露于反应温度，该反应温度可抑制喷射器的有效操作和/或缩短其寿命期限。另外，进料喷射器大体可暴露于反应器容器内流动的合成气中的腐蚀性成分。
为了保护进料喷射器，已知气化系统可使用闭环水供应系统以将冷却水提供给进料喷射器。但将冷却水提供给已知的进料喷射器可能产生局部应变和相关联的开裂的区域。具体而言，在顶端区域周围的内部氧气通路与内部冷却水通道之间的金属温度与在燃烧区周围的外侧面的金属温度相比可相对低。这样的温差可为大约十(10)倍的倍数。因此在热侧的金属的刚度随着温度升高而降低。因此热侧可比冷侧伸长得更多且导致在其间的高塑性应变的区域。此高塑性应变的区域可导致开裂或其中的其它损坏。维修这种损坏所需的时间和精力可能是相当多的。
因此存在对用于气化系统的改进的进料喷射器设计的需要。这种改进的进料喷射器设计可减小其中的塑性应变区域以便减小开裂和其它类型的损坏。而减小的开裂可继而提供减小的总系统停机时间、减小的维修成本和升高的构件寿命。
发明内容
本申请及所得专利因此提供一种进料喷射器喷嘴，该进料喷射器喷嘴用于在其中具有反应区的气化系统。进料喷射器喷嘴可包括朝向反应区延伸的多个管。管可在其间限定多个通路。冷却水通道可延伸穿过管中的一个。冷却水通道可包括与通路中的一个邻近的第一侧和与反应区邻近的第二侧。第一侧可包括第一侧厚度且第二侧可包括第二侧厚度，其中第一侧厚度小于或等于第二侧厚度。
本申请及所得专利还提供一种用于联合循环发电系统的气化器。该气化器可包括容器主体、在容器主体内的反应区和延伸到反应区周围的容器主体内的进料喷射器。进料喷射器可包括喷嘴顶端，在喷嘴顶端内具有冷却水通道。冷却水通道可包括与多个通路中的一个邻近的第一侧和与反应区邻近的第二侧。第一侧可包括第一侧厚度且第二侧可包括第二侧厚度，使得第一侧厚度小于或等于第二侧厚度。
本申请及所得专利还提供一种进料喷射器喷嘴，该进料喷射器喷嘴用于其中具有反应区的气化系统。进料喷射器喷嘴可包括朝向反应区延伸的多个管。管可在其间限定多个通路。冷却水通道可延伸穿过管中的一个。冷却水通道可包括与氧气通路邻近的冷侧和与反应区邻近的热侧。冷侧可包括冷侧厚度且热侧可包括热侧厚度，使得冷侧厚度小于或等于热侧厚度。
当结合若干附图和所附权利要求来理解时，通过阅读下文的详细描述，本申请及所得专利的这些和其它特征及改进对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1为联合循环发电系统和其中的构件的示意图。
图2为具有进料喷射器和反应区的气化器的示意图。
图3为具有冷却水通道的进料喷射器的顶端的侧截面视图。
图4为具有冷却水通道的顶端的侧截面视图。
图5为可能如本文中所述地具有冷却水通道的顶端的侧截面视图。
部件列表
10 联合循环发电系统
15 主空气压缩器
20 空气分离单元
25 气化器
30 燃气涡轮发动机
35 蒸汽涡轮
40 压缩器
45 燃烧器
50 清洁装置
55 涡轮
60 发电机
65 热回收蒸汽发生器
70 负载
100 气化器
110 头端部
120 尾端部
130 容器主体
140 进料喷射器
150 喷嘴
160 反应区
170 顶端
180 通路
190 管
195 类似刺刀(bayonet)的形状
200 冷却水通道
210 冷侧
220 氧气通路
230 热侧
240 冷却水流
250 最大应变区域
260 冷侧厚度
270 热侧厚度
300 冷却水通道
310 第一侧
315 冷侧
320 第二侧
325 热侧
330 第一侧厚度
340 第二侧厚度。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，其中在全部若干视图中，相同附图标记指代相同元件，图1示出了联合循环发电系统10。联合循环发电系统10可包括：主空气压缩器15；空气分离单元20，其与压缩器15流动连通地联接；气化器25，其与空气分离单元20流动连通地联接；燃气涡轮发动机30，其与气化器25流动连通地联接；以及蒸汽涡轮35。在本文中可使用其它构件和其它配置。
压缩器15压缩引导到空气分离单元20的周围空气流。备选地，也可使用来自燃气涡轮发动机30的压缩器40的压缩空气流。空气分离单元20使用压缩空气来生成用于为气化器25所使用的氧气。氧气流在气化器25中用于生成部分氧化的合成气。来自空气分离单元20的氮工艺气体流也可转送到燃气涡轮发动机30的燃烧器45以用于减小排放等。
具体而言，气化器25将燃料、氧气、蒸汽和/或其它材料的混合物转变成合成气输出，用于为燃气涡轮发动机30所使用。气化器可经由清洁装置50流到燃烧器45。清洁装置50可分离在其中的二氧化碳等。合成气可在燃烧器45中燃烧以便产生热燃烧气体流。热燃烧气体驱动涡轮55以便产生机械功。由涡轮55产生的机械功驱动压缩器40和外部负载，诸如发电机60等。来自涡轮55的排气也可引导到热回收蒸汽发生器65。热回收蒸汽发生器65生成用于驱动蒸汽涡轮35的蒸汽。蒸汽涡轮35可驱动另一负载70。另一蒸汽供应可由热回收蒸汽发生器65发送到气化器25以便于冷却合成气。在本文中可使用其它构件和其它配置。
图2为可能如本文所述的固体移除气化器100的示意图。气化器100可用于上文所述的联合循环发电系统10等。气化器100可包括头端部110、尾端部120和在它们之间延伸的大致柱形的容器主体130。进料喷射器140穿透头端部110以使得燃料流能在其中引导。具体而言，通过进料喷射器140的燃料流可路由通过其喷嘴150。燃料流可排放到反应区160内。反应区160可为与喷嘴150大致相互对准的竖直定向的大体柱形空间。合成气和副产物可在反应区160内生成。在本文中可使用其它构件和其它配置。
图3示出了进料喷射器140的喷嘴150的顶端170。顶端170可包括限定于其中的若干通路180，用于燃料氧气流、燃料流等。这些通路180的大小、形状、数目和配置可不同。通路180可由多个同心布置的环形管190限定。管190可具有很大程度上类似刺刀的形状195。管190中的一个或多个可包括在其中延伸的冷却水通道200。冷却水通道200的大小、形状、数目和配置可不同。在本文中可使用其它构件和其它配置。
图4示出了已知冷却水通道200的近视图。冷却水通道200可包括可能邻近氧气通路220的冷侧210。冷却水通道200还可包括可能邻近反应区160的热侧230。冷却水流240在其中流动。最大应变区域250可位于冷侧210与热侧230之间。如上文所述，最大应变区域250可能易于开裂等。最大应变区域250的大小和范围可不同。
冷侧210可具有可能等于或大于热侧厚度270的截面厚度260。由于热侧230面对以一定倍数远高于冷侧210的温度，冷侧210的刚度因此可能比热侧230的刚度大得多。因此热侧230可伸长到比冷侧210更大的程度从而形成最大应变区域250。
图5示出了可能如本文中所述的冷却水通道300。冷却水通道300还可包括可能为冷侧315的第一侧310和可能为热侧325的第二侧320。但在此实例中，冷侧315可具有第一侧厚度330，第一侧厚度330小于热侧325的第二侧厚度340。通过减小第一侧厚度330，也可减小冷侧315的刚度。冷侧315的刚度因此可更接近热侧325的刚度。因此，相似刚度区域可用于排除或减小最大应变区域250。减小最大应变区域将在其中导致低循环疲劳，从而延长总进料喷射器140的使用寿命。在本文中可使用其它构件和其它配置。
显而易见，上文仅涉及本申请及所得专利的某些实施例。在不偏离如由所附权利要求及其等效物所限定的本发明的一般精神和范围的情况下，本领域的普通技术人员可对本文做出许多改变和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其用于在其中具有反应区(160)的气化系统(100)，所述进料喷射器喷嘴(150)包括：
多个管(190)，其朝向所述反应区(160)延伸；
所述多个管(190)在其间限定多个通路(180)；以及
冷却水通道(300)，其延伸穿过所述多个管(190)中的一个；
所述冷却水通道(300)包括与所述多个通路(180)中的一个邻近的第一侧(310)和与所述反应区(160)邻近的第二侧(320)；
其中，所述第一侧(310)包括第一侧厚度(330)且所述第二侧(320)包括第二侧厚度(340)，且其中，所述第一侧厚度(330)小于或等于所述第二侧厚度(340)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述第一侧(310)包括冷侧(315)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述第二侧(320)包括热侧(325)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述多个管(190)朝向所述进料喷射器喷嘴(150)的顶端(170)周围的反应区(160)延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述多个通路(180)中的一个包括氧气通路(220)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述冷却水通道(300)包括在其中的冷却水流(240)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器(150)，其特征在于，所述多个管(190)包括类似刺刀的形状(195)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述第一侧厚度(330)最小化在所述第一侧(310)与所述第二侧(320)之间的应变区域(250)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷射器喷嘴(150)，其特征在于，所述第一侧(310)包括第一侧温度且所述第二侧(320)包括第二侧温度，且其中，所述第一侧温度以一定倍数小于所述第二侧温度。
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