CN102825504B - State detection method for main shaft of numerically-controlled machine tool - Google Patents
State detection method for main shaft of numerically-controlled machine tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a state detection method for a main shaft of a numerically-controlled machine tool, belonging to the field of machine tool failure diagnosis. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a signal transmitted by a sensor system through a host; and analyzing the signal acquired according to the step 1, determining a failure characteristic parameter, processing the obtained failure characteristic parameter through a specialist system, an artificial nerve network system and a support vector respectively to obtain three failure diagnosis results, and fusing the three failure diagnosis results through a genetic algorithm. By fusing the diagnosis results of the specialist system, the artificial nerve network system and the support vector, an artificial intelligence effect can be achieved during field failure diagnosis, so that the failure diagnosis accuracy of the numerically-controlled machine tool is increased; moreover, a displacement signal is detected by adopting a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) laser displacement sensor, so that the obtained run-out accuracy of the main shaft can be up to 0.5 micron, and the failure diagnosis accuracy of the numerically-controlled machine tool is further ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine failure diagnostic field, particularly relate to a kind of State detection.
Background technology
Digit Control Machine Tool is a kind of automated machine tool that program control system is housed, and this program control system can logically process has control coding or other symbolic instruction regulated procedures, and by its decoding, thus machine tool action is processed machine components.Main shaft of numerical control machine tool refers to the axle that lathe drives workpiece or cutter to rotate, usually spindle unit is formed by main shaft, bearing and driving member such as gear or belt wheel etc., except the lathe that the main motion such as planer, broaching machine is rectilinear motion, most of lathe has spindle unit, and the kinematic accuracy of spindle unit and the rigidity of structure are the key factors determining crudy and stock-removing efficiency.Weigh index mainly rotating accuracy, rigidity and the velocity adaptive of spindle unit performance, what occur on the direction affecting machining accuracy when rotating accuracy refers to that main shaft rotates radial and axially beats, and depends mainly on manufacture and the assembly quality of main shaft and bearing; Dynamic and static rigidity depends mainly on the bending stiffness of main shaft, the rigidity of bearing and damping; Velocity adaptive refers to maximum speed and the range of speeds of permission, depends mainly on structure and the lubrication of bearing, and radiating condition.
The quality of main shaft runnability is the important key factor determining Digit Control Machine Tool crudy, if when installation and debugging or maintenance, drive disk assembly in main spindle box is (as tooth form synchronous belt, gear and shaft coupling etc.) parameter adjustment is improper, or the part distortion owing to causing in use, wearing and tearing etc., the decline of main shaft performance is caused in capital, main shaft is caused to beat overproof in machining accuracy direction, crudy is declined, machining accuracy exceeds standard, even completely can not processing parts, therefore, ensure that main shaft runnability is the prerequisite that Digit Control Machine Tool carries out normal process at kilter, and the running status of main shaft is monitored accurately, can accurately diagnose when going wrong, its running precision is predicted to be the basic condition ensureing that main shaft runnability is good.
The outer detection and diagnosis technology to Digit Control Machine Tool of Present Domestic, mainly concentrate on the aspects such as the driver part of Digit Control Machine Tool, PLC control logic and electric fault, to the diagnosis of main shaft and the investigation and application of prediction aspect less, because the jerk value of main shaft own is very little on the one hand, general between 0.5 ~ 1 micron, need the displacement transducer that precision is very high; Need on the other hand on hardware and software, ensure that the antijamming capability tested is strong.
The running status of main shaft can be reflected by the vibration of the jerk value of main shaft and Vibration Condition, main spindle box and temperature conditions, for the actual conditions of above-mentioned main tapping, mainly through ANN (Artificial Neural Networks in prior art, artificial neural network), ES (Expert System, expert system) or SVM (support vector machine, SVMs) Analysis on Fault Diagnosis is carried out to Digit Control Machine Tool.
The feature of ANN is that Modling model is relatively easy, but needs to carry out parameter differentiation, and the layering of its neutral net there is no guidance method at present, is not easy to obtain optimized level, and whether restrains and need to carry out computational analysis.
The birth of SVM is that the solution solving failure modes problem opens new approach, and Statistical Learning Theory is on the basis of structural risk minimization, specially a set of new theoretical system set up for the Machine Learning Problems of small sample.At present, the many sorting techniques of SVM have successfully been applied in many practical problems, as text identification, recognition of face, Three-dimension object recognition, speech recognition, Images Classification, gene sequencing etc.
Expert system based on sign computation and reasoning is widely used in process failure diagnosis field, expert system can high efficiency, carry out work accurately, thoughtfully, rapidly and tirelessly, but expert system can not obtain new knowledge from the example of diagnosis, there is the bottleneck of knowledge acquisition, and on knowledge-based reasoning, traditional expert system adopts serial mode, and inference method is single, control strategy is dumb, easily occurs the problems such as matching conflict, multiple shot array, infinite recurrence.
SVMs has good extensive Generalization Ability than neutral net, for the mapping of each higher dimensional space in this space, how to determine that this mapping i.e. kernel function also do not have suitable method now, so for general problem, SVM has just transferred the difficulty of the complexity of higher dimensional space the difficulty asking kernel function to, even if after definite kernel function, when Solve problems is classified, solve the quadratic programming of kernel function, this just needs a large amount of memory spaces, this is also a problem of SVM, and artificial neural network system just can head it off, therefore, how dexterously by expert system, artificial neural network system and SVMs join together to carry out intelligent diagnostics, it is the key problem of this project research.
Therefore those skilled in the art are devoted to develop a kind of State detection, can Fusion Expert System, artificial neural network system and SVMs diagnostic result, thus improve the accuracy of diagnosing faults of numerical control machine.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of can Fusion Expert System, artificial neural network system and SVMs diagnostic result, thus improve the accuracy of diagnosing faults of numerical control machine.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of State detection, comprise the following steps:
The signal that step one, host computer pick-up transducers system send;
Step 2, analyze the signal collected according to step one, determine Fault characteristic parameters;
Step 3, Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained are processed by expert system, draw Fisrt fault diagnostic result; Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained is processed by artificial neural network system, draws the second fault diagnosis result; Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained is processed by SVMs, draws the 3rd fault diagnosis result;
Step 4, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be merged by genetic algorithm.
In described step 4, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result are undertaken merging by genetic algorithm and carry out according to the following steps:
A1, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be encoded, each fault diagnosis result is converted to the genotypic population be made up of chromosome;
A2, calculate all chromosomal fitness values;
A2, to be formed based on each chromosomal fitness value and select wheel disc;
A3, from wheel disc the pairing individuality of each genotype individuals of Stochastic choice carry out single-point intersection and variation process, form new individuality;
A4, when set the fitness value of described genotypic population in algebraically do not change or the fitness value of described genotypic population is positioned at the precision threshold of setting time, genetic algorithm terminates.
Preferably, described sensing system comprises temperature sensor, and described temperature sensor sends temperature value signal to described host computer; Described host computer also comprises the step of the temperature value signal collected being carried out to time-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system sends;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, by drawing the Fault characteristic parameters of this temperature value signal after carrying out time-domain analysis to the temperature value signal collected.
Further, described sensing system also comprises acceleration transducer, and described acceleration transducer sends acceleration signal to described host computer; Described host computer also comprises the step of the acceleration signal collected being carried out to time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system sends;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters of this acceleration signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected.
Further, described sensing system also comprises displacement transducer, and preferably, institute's displacement sensors is CCD laser displacement sensor; Institute's displacement sensors sends displacement signal to described host computer; Described host computer also comprises the jerk value calculating main shaft and the step of displacement signal being carried out to time domain, frequency-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system sends:
Described calculating main axis jerking amount is carried out according to the following steps:
The time domain data of institute's displacement signal is transformed to frequency domain, then carries out High frequency filter at frequency domain, and calculate the main axis jerk value of a week by the time domain point in the monocycle;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters of this displacement signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the displacement signal collected.But repeatable accuracy due to CCD laser displacement sensor reaches 0.01 micron brings great interfering signal, and the signal therefore recorded seriously drifts about, and the main axis jerking accuracy of measurement obtained by above method can reach 0.05 micron.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by the diagnostic result of Fusion Expert System, artificial neural network system and SVMs, can at the scene fault diagnosis time play the effect of artificial intelligence, thus improve the accuracy of diagnosing faults of numerical control machine, the present invention adopts CCD laser displacement sensor detecting position shifting signal in addition, the main axis jerking accuracy of measurement obtained can reach 0.05 micron, further ensure that the accuracy of diagnosing faults of numerical control machine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device for main shaft of numerical control machine tool state-detection.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of device for main shaft of numerical control machine tool state-detection, comprises host computer 1 and sensing system 2; Described sensing system 2 comprises temperature sensor 201, acceleration transducer 202 and displacement transducer 203, the output of described temperature sensor 201 connects the first input end of described host computer 1 by RS232 data wire, the output of described acceleration transducer 202 connects the second input of described host computer 1 by capture card 204, the output of institute's displacement sensors 203 connects the 3rd input of described host computer 1 by displacement controller 205.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of State detection, comprises the following steps:
S1, described host computer 1 gather the signal that described sensing system 2 sends.
S2, time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected; Time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, by drawing the Fault characteristic parameters index of this temperature value signal after carrying out time-domain analysis to the temperature value signal collected.
S3, time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected; Time-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters index of this acceleration signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected.
S4, calculate main shaft jerk value and time domain, frequency-domain analysis are carried out to displacement signal; Described calculating main axis jerking amount is carried out according to the following steps:
The time domain data of institute's displacement signal is transformed to frequency domain, then carries out High frequency filter at frequency domain, and calculate the main axis jerk value of a week by the time domain point in the monocycle; Repeatedly calculate the main axis jerk value of a week in the present embodiment and obtain the main axis jerk value mean value of one week; Time-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters index of this displacement signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the displacement signal collected.
S5, obtain Fault characteristic parameters by the Fault characteristic parameters index of the Fault characteristic parameters index of jerk value, acceleration signal, the Fault characteristic parameters index of temperature value signal and displacement signal, i.e. the temperature value of the jerk value of main shaft of numerical control machine tool, the vibratory output of main shaft of numerical control machine tool, the vibratory output of main spindle box of numerical control body and main spindle box of numerical control body.
S6, the Fault characteristic parameters obtained by step S5 are processed by expert system, draw Fisrt fault diagnostic result; The Fault characteristic parameters obtained by step S5 is processed by artificial neural network system, draws the second fault diagnosis result; The Fault characteristic parameters obtained by step S5 is processed by SVMs, draws the 3rd fault diagnosis result.
S7, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be merged by genetic algorithm.
In described step S7, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result are undertaken merging by genetic algorithm and carry out according to the following steps:
A1, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be encoded, each fault diagnosis result is converted to the genotypic population be made up of chromosome;
A2, calculate all chromosomal fitness values;
A2, to be formed based on each chromosomal fitness value and select wheel disc;
A3, from wheel disc the pairing individuality of each genotype individuals of Stochastic choice carry out single-point intersection and variation process, form new individuality;
A4, when set the fitness value of described genotypic population in algebraically do not change or the fitness value of described genotypic population is positioned at the precision threshold of setting time, genetic algorithm terminates.
Be provided with two acceleration transducers 202 in the present embodiment, acceleration transducer 202 adopts ICP acceleration transducer, after carrying out signal anti-aliasing filtering and AD conversion, becomes data signal and enters host computer 1 by capture card 204.Temperature sensor 201 adopts infrared temperature sensor, the CCD laser displacement sensor that institute's displacement sensors 203 adopts Japanese Keyemce company to produce, its repeatable accuracy is 0.05 micron, displacement transducer 203 transmits data to host computer 1 by displacement controller 205, in the present embodiment, host computer 1 adopts computer to realize, certainly, described host computer 1 also can adopt the realization such as notebook computer, panel computer.
The artificial neural network system's model adopted in the present embodiment is BP model, certain described artificial neural network system's model can also be RBF model and Elman model, for ensureing the convergence of genetic algorithm, in the present embodiment, genetic algorithm adopts the method for roulette, individuality the highest for fitness is directly copied in follow-on population, both can improve pace of learning, the optimal solution that can retain again genotypic population exempts from degeneration.
It should be noted that the order of step S2, S3 and S4 can be exchanged arbitrarily, after performing step S1, perform S3, S4 and S2 successively, then perform step S5, S6 and S7 successively.
Embodiment two, as shown in Figure 3, the present embodiment is substantially identical with the flow process of embodiment one, and difference is:
S1, described host computer 1 gather the signal that described sensing system 2 sends.
S2, time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected; Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected; Calculate the jerk value of main shaft and time domain, frequency-domain analysis are carried out to displacement signal; Time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, by drawing the Fault characteristic parameters index of this temperature value signal after carrying out time-domain analysis to the temperature value signal collected.
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters index of this acceleration signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected.
Described calculating main axis jerking amount is carried out according to the following steps: the time domain data of institute's displacement signal is transformed to frequency domain, then carries out High frequency filter at frequency domain, and calculates the main axis jerk value of a week by the time domain point in the monocycle; Repeatedly calculate the main axis jerk value of a week in the present embodiment and obtain the main axis jerk value mean value of one week.
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters index of this displacement signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the displacement signal collected.
Fault characteristic parameters is obtained, i.e. the temperature value of the jerk value of main shaft of numerical control machine tool, the vibratory output of main shaft of numerical control machine tool, the vibratory output of main spindle box of numerical control body and main spindle box of numerical control body by the Fault characteristic parameters index of the Fault characteristic parameters index of main axis jerking amount, acceleration signal, the Fault characteristic parameters index of temperature value signal and displacement signal.
S3, the Fault characteristic parameters obtained by S2 are processed by expert system, draw Fisrt fault diagnostic result; The Fault characteristic parameters obtained by step S2 is processed by artificial neural network system, draws the second fault diagnosis result; The Fault characteristic parameters obtained by step S2 is processed by SVMs, draws the 3rd fault diagnosis result.
S4, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be merged by genetic algorithm.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just design according to the present invention can make many modifications and variations without the need to creative work.Therefore, all technical staff in the art, all should by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (6)
1. a State detection, comprises host computer (1) and sensing system (2); The output of described sensing system (2) connects the input of described host computer (1); It is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, described host computer (1) gather the signal that described sensing system (2) sends;
Step 2, analyze the signal collected according to step one, determine Fault characteristic parameters;
Step 3, Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained are processed by expert system, draw Fisrt fault diagnostic result; Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained is processed by artificial neural network system, draws the second fault diagnosis result; Fault characteristic parameters step 2 obtained is processed by SVMs, draws the 3rd fault diagnosis result;
Step 4, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be merged by genetic algorithm.
2. State detection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result are undertaken merging by genetic algorithm in described step 4 and carry out according to the following steps:
A1, described Fisrt fault diagnostic result, the second fault diagnosis result and the 3rd fault diagnosis result to be encoded, each fault diagnosis result is converted to the genotypic population be made up of chromosome;
A2, calculate all chromosomal fitness values;
A2, to be formed based on each chromosomal fitness value and select wheel disc;
A3, from wheel disc the pairing individuality of each genotype individuals of Stochastic choice carry out single-point intersection and variation process, form new individuality;
A4, when set the fitness value of described genotypic population in algebraically do not change or the fitness value of described genotypic population is positioned at the precision threshold of setting time, genetic algorithm terminates.
3. State detection as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described sensing system (2) comprises temperature sensor (201), and described temperature sensor (201) sends temperature value signal to described host computer (1); Described host computer (1) also comprises the step of the temperature value signal collected being carried out to time-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system (2) sends;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the temperature value signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, by drawing the Fault characteristic parameters of this temperature value signal after carrying out time-domain analysis to the temperature value signal collected.
4. the State detection as described in claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: described sensing system (2) also comprises acceleration transducer (202), and described acceleration transducer (202) sends acceleration signal to described host computer (1); Described host computer (1) also comprises the step of the acceleration signal collected being carried out to time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system (2) sends;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the acceleration signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters of this acceleration signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the acceleration signal collected.
5. State detection as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described sensing system (2) also comprises displacement transducer (203), and institute's displacement sensors (203) sends displacement signal to described host computer (1); Described host computer (1) also comprises the jerk value calculating main shaft and the step of displacement signal being carried out to time domain, frequency-domain analysis after gathering the signal that described sensing system (2) sends:
Described calculating main axis jerking amount is carried out according to the following steps:
The time domain data of institute's displacement signal is transformed to frequency domain, then carries out High frequency filter at frequency domain, and calculate the main axis jerk value of a week by the time domain point in the monocycle;
Time-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises peak-to-peak value, value, kurtosis and the waveform of analyzing this signal, after time-domain analysis completes, time domain data is transformed to frequency domain, frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the displacement signal collected and comprises single channel and multichannel stable state spectrum analysis and time frequency analysis; The Fault characteristic parameters of this displacement signal is drawn after time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out to the displacement signal collected.
6. State detection as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: institute's displacement sensors (203) is CCD laser displacement sensor.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3425460A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for determining the condition of a spindle of a machine tool |
| WO2019007820A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for determining the status of a spindle of a machine tool |
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