CN102823134B - For protecting circuit and the method for controllable power switch - Google Patents
For protecting circuit and the method for controllable power switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823134B CN102823134B CN201080066053.3A CN201080066053A CN102823134B CN 102823134 B CN102823134 B CN 102823134B CN 201080066053 A CN201080066053 A CN 201080066053A CN 102823134 B CN102823134 B CN 102823134B
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Abstract
Describe a kind of circuit for protecting controllable power switch; this circuit includes: controllable power switch (101), and it has and is connected to the first on and off switch terminal (103) of the first terminal (109), the second source switch terminal (105) being connected to the second terminal (111) and on and off switch control terminal (107)；Diode (113), it has the first diode terminal (115) and the second diode terminal (117)；And controlled control switch (119), its have be connected to the first diode terminal first control switch terminal (121), second control switch terminal (123) and control switch control terminal (125), wherein, the signal of on and off switch control terminal (107) is put on based on the second signal controlling switch terminal (123) place.Additionally, describe a kind of method for protecting controllable power switch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for protecting controllable power switch and being especially including in for D/C voltage being converted into AC electricity
The circuit of the on and off switch in the conversion module portion of pressure and method.Additionally, the present invention relates to a kind of for D/C voltage is changed
Become AC voltage, the conversion module that particularly will use in the power plant on such as wind turbine airport.
Background technology
In order to provide electric energy to utility power network, power plant can include for by variable frequency power signal (or voltage
Or electric current) it is converted into one or more transducers of fixed frequency (such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz) AC signal (or voltage or electric current)
Module (also referred to as inverter module).In typical converter module, can be first by many power transistors by variable ratio frequency changer
Rate AC power signal is converted into DC signal (or voltage or electric current).Furthermore, it is possible to use one or more (especially, pin subsequently
It being six to two-stage three-phase inverter) DC signal (or voltage or electric current) is converted into fixed frequency AC signal by power transistor
(or voltage or electric current) basic example sees Fig. 6.
Can be controlled to be connected to DC signal (or voltage or electric current) (also by corresponding control circuit about its conductivity
Be referred to as DC link) power transistor, in order at three lead-out terminals of conversion module, deliver three-phase AC signal (or voltage
Or electric current).Especially, conversion module can be embodied as electricity semiconductor power converting unit.
It is known that the power semiconductor in power conversion unit is exposed to during turning off transition (transition)
Induced overvoltage.Note that, due to the inevitable impedance in switching power circuit, this phenomenon can be not limited to Fig. 6 institute
The inverter topology shown, but its be probably in dc-dc converter field it is well recognized that problem.
The essence of this problem may is that turn-off power semiconductor device can be inducted by the electric leakage of inverter power circuit
Become the instantaneous overvoltage in microsecond to submicrosecond time domain.If uncontrolled, this overvoltage may cause power semiconductor device
Puncturing of part, it then could lead to the bust of power semiconductor.Control the shutoff of this power semiconductor to be correlated with
The technology of voltage include being connected to (such as) IGBT device (as the example of power semiconductor) (such as) colelctor electrode
And the Zener between grid or the use of transil type diode.
Then application conditions (or the particularly inverter module of power semiconductor in inverter module is noted
Active (active) rectifier operation pattern), power stream and associated current if from sensing feeding ac terminal are terminated, then
It is zero to make electric current in being connected to the feed inductors of ac terminal of inverter (operating under active rectifier pattern)
(the most directly driving the leakage inductance of magneto in the example of wind turbine), then must apply enough to leakage inductance
Weber (describes according to text, reset weber).Resetting all times occurred, from leakage inductance in active rectification pattern
The DC link circuit transmission energy of the inverter of lower operation.Energy is received (and from turbine the most further from the axle of electromotor
Before the blade of machine and wind receive energy), when it is counter electromotive force (electromagnetic force) and the replacement of electromotor during reset stage
The function of the dynamo current waveform during Duan.In typical scenario, the electric current in the leakage inductance of electromotor is made to reset to zero
Time will be about 10 ms-20 ms, and substantial amounts of energy is transferred to DC link from electromotor during this event.
If in typical wind turbine power transducer, DC link is connected to network inverter with further
Process the power received from magneto and be passed to power supply network or power network, then DC link voltage will not be significantly
Rise, except be associated with the closedown of power semiconductor initial such as in addition to 1 μ s due to voltage spikes.
But, if the reason turning off the power semiconductor of electromotor bridger is due to the reception as this energy
The unavailability of the network of machine, then connect from electromotor in the event of shutoff (making leakage inductance current reset to zero in electromotor) period
DC link capacitance can be charged by the energy received.Size mark according to DC link capacitance, final DC link voltage is permissible
Substantially beyond controlling the Zener needed for overvoltage or transil clamper (clamp) during the shutoff of power semiconductor
The operational threshold of network.If including countermeasure, then Zener or transil clamp networks will cause making whole inverter system
Become catastrophic damage, because Zener or transil clamp networks will force power semiconductor enter conducting state and make power half
Conductor device is exposed to the energy considerably beyond its dissipation capabilities.
Especially, directly driving magneto typically can be with high leakage inductance compared with the sensing machine of same nominal value
It is characterized.During some fault scenes, the amount being stored in the energy in this leakage inductance is likely to be due to the highest electric current and becomes
Obtain the highest.When this energy is then passed on to DC link. capacitor (it can represent energy-storage travelling wave tube), DC link voltage can
To rise to high level.In some worst case scene, DC link voltage can rise on clamping level significantly, and
And last clamper scheme becomes threat rather than protection mechanism because quasiconductor subsequently dissipation is exceeded its ability energy and can
Can be damaged.
Therefore, the overvoltage particularly occurred at the DC link of conversion module may be to being included in conversion module
Parts, particularly power transistor be prejudicial.Thus, power transistor or usually gate-controlled switch were likely to be due to
Voltage and destroyed.
In order to manage this problem, describe the active clamp circuit of having ready conditions of the present invention.
There may be and be connected can execute the controllable power switch between alive terminal, especially to it to for protection
It is circuit and the needs of method of power transistor.Furthermore, it is possible to exist circuit and the side for protecting controllable power switch
The needs of method, this controllable power switch makes it possible to the electricity realizing between the protection of controllable power switch and the terminal of on and off switch
Pressing tongs position.Furthermore, it is possible to exist being used for protecting the circuit of controllable power switch and the needs of method, wherein it is possible to more effectively
Ground performs voltage clamp.
Summary of the invention
This needs can be met by according to the theme of independent claims.Described the present invention's by dependent claims
Advantageous embodiment.
According to an embodiment, a kind of it is connected between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal of circuit for protection
Controllable power switch (particularly transistor, particularly power transistor, the most ambipolar isolated gate transistor (IGBT) or equivalence
Power semiconductor switch, bipolar junction transistor or MOSFET) (particularly DC overvoltage, such as can apply to protect against overvoltage
Overvoltage between the first terminal and the second terminal of circuit of circuit, it is likely to be breached a few kV according to application) circuit.Should
Circuit includes: controllable power switch (such as semi-conductor electricity source switch, power transistor, IGBT, bipolar junction transistor or
MOSFET), it has the first on and off switch terminal (such as drain electrode or colelctor electrode) of the first terminal being connected to circuit, is connected
Second source switch terminal (such as source electrode or emitter stage) and the on and off switch control terminal of receiving the second terminal of circuit are (all
Such as gate terminal), wherein, the conducting state between the first on and off switch terminal and second source switch terminal is (especially with logical
The probability crossing the electric current that controllable power switch flow to second source switch terminal from the first on and off switch terminal represents) based on
Put on the voltage between on and off switch control terminal and second source switch terminal；Diode (such as semi-conductor electricity parts, special
It is not Zener diode or transil diode), it has the first diode terminal (such as anode) and the second diode terminal
(such as negative electrode), this diode allows electric current along forward flow and permit between the first diode terminal and the second diode terminal
Perhaps electric current is along the reverse flow contrary with forward, when the electricity applied between the second diode terminal and the first diode terminal
When being pressed on diode threshold voltage (when diode is Zener diode, also referred to as breakdown voltage), the second diode end
Son is connected to the first terminal.Additionally, this circuit includes having the first control switch terminals being connected to the first diode terminal
Son (such as drain electrode or colelctor electrode), there is the second control switch terminal (such as source electrode or emitter stage) and control switch control terminal
Controlled control switch (such as semiconductor device, the such as transistor, such as bipolar junction of son (such as controlling the gate terminal of switch)
Transistor, MOSFET, IGBT etc.), wherein, first controls the conducting state base that switch terminal and second controls between switch terminal
In controlling the voltage that switch control terminal and second controls to apply between switch terminal, wherein, put on and off switch control
The signal of terminal is based on the signal at the second control switch terminal.
Zener diode is usually the low-voltage device being characterized with zener effect.Transil transistor AND gate Zener diode
Operate similarly, there is when being reverse biased " turning " point defined well.But clamping mechanism is different referred to as snow
Collapse effect.Transil is typically used for the selection of high-voltage applications due to the ability of its dissipation high-peak power.
Protection circuit can also work together with one or more two-way transil, and it has and is connected in series with back-to-back
The similar characteristic of Zener diode (be equal to terminal one and be connected to the terminal one of each Zener diode).Such as ST type
The two-way transil of SMCJxxCA-TR is to represent type.
It is intended to for the overvoltage put between the first on and off switch terminal and second source switch terminal controllable electric
Source switch is protected.Controllable power switch can be the parts of such as conversion module (part), especially for inciting somebody to action
DC signal (or voltage or electric current) is converted into fixed frequency AC signal (or voltage or electric current).Controllable power switch is the most permissible
It is IGBT, MOSFET or bipolar junction transistor etc..Especially, open with second source on and off switch control terminal (such as grid)
Close the voltage applied between terminal (such as emitter stage) and may determine that controllable power switch is in conducting state (by electric current from the
One on and off switch terminal conducts to second source switch terminal) it is in nonconducting state and (does not the most allow electric current from first
On and off switch terminal flows to second source switch terminal).
If the voltage applied at diode terminal hits more than also referred to as " Zener knee voltage " or " Zener voltage "
Wear voltage (it is used as the synonym of term " diode threshold voltage "), then diode can be to allow especially
Electric current not only along forward (being similar to normal diode) and also allow electric current along reverse Zener diode.When at the first of circuit
When applying positive voltage between terminal and the second terminal, (current potential applied at the first terminal is higher than the electricity of applying at the second terminal
Position), connect diode so that when the voltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal is on diode threshold voltage
Time, it allows electric current along reverse flow.It is thus possible to adjustment diode threshold voltage so that it is opened not damaging controllable electric power
The maximum voltage that can apply (or tolerable) at controllable power switch it is slightly below in the case of pass.
When the voltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal is on diode threshold voltage, diode becomes
Along reverse-conducting.But, even if in this case, controlled control switch (being particularly connected with Diode series) control
Along the electric current flowing counterflow through diode.Thus, clamper function (being performed by diode) is controlled and/or with good conditionsi.Especially
Ground, in some converting unit, it may be required active clamp function management is and then at IGBT(controllable power switch) or equivalence
Overvoltage at the pass breakpoint of power semiconductor switch, but simultaneously if there is follow-up DC link overvoltage, then still in wind
In danger.In order to avoid the breaking-up of quasiconductor (particularly controllable power switch), active clamp is provided into and is controlled and/or has bar
Part.Especially, with series model switch (the controlled control that other control circuit can be used to be conveniently switched on and turn off
Switch) extend conventional active clamp (with Zener diode as representative), thus enable or disable switch and clamper function (its
Custom circuit is provided by diode individually).
In order to control the function of diode, (it is not linked to the first power supply of circuit to the first diode terminal especially
Switch control terminal) it is connected to the first control switch terminal.Thus, only in the feelings that controlled control switch is in the conduction state
Under condition, electric current just will be along flowing counterflow through diode.Additionally, as explained below, can be by controlling switch driver circuit
Control the conducting state of controlled control switch.
Put on and off switch control terminal (the signal master of the state (conducting or non-conduction) of its control controllable power switch
Accompanying drawing is seen based on the state defined by raster data model input pin.
But, when gate drivers switches to off state (owing to input signal switches to off state), IGBT's
State still may be arranged by transil with the electric current in control switch conduction to grid and be arranged to momently connect shape
State, until clamper controls to control switch OFF.If Vce as shown in the waveform of Fig. 2 rises momently and works as Vce momently
During rising, then there is this phenomenon, as explained below.
Main control is on and off switch control terminal, and can from main control signal derive for second switch (with together
Receive or the switch of transil Diode series) active clamp control of having ready conditions, but be extended (or postpone) enough time
Between so that active clamp circuit is still running until main power switch turns off after (by clipping control unit) such as 10 μ s
Till.
Especially, may not be to need active clamp continuously, but can only need in the limited persistent period, i.e.
In (controllable power switch) normal on-state to off-state transition and in whole on-state.Off-state at controllable power switch
In largest portion, it may not be necessary to active clamp.Therefore, use controlled control to switch, can lead to during these persistent period
Cross and correspondingly control controlled control and turn off active clamp.Especially, during the on-state of controllable power switch (wherein,
Controllable power switch is conducting or in the conduction state), can will include controlled control switch and the clamp circuit of diode
It is designed to operate under such conditions and holding activity.In (controllable power switch) remaining off-state, then may need
Clamp circuit is to ignore any collector emitter voltage increased on clamping level.
According to an embodiment, this circuit also includes gate driver circuit, its have be connected to second source switch
One reference terminal of terminal (local ground connection=for IGBT, emitter stage) and have and be connected on and off switch and control end
The gate drivers lead-out terminal of son, wherein, the signal generated at gate drivers lead-out terminal drives based on putting on grid
The signal of dynamic device input terminal.
Additionally, the signal at gate drivers lead-out terminal is also based on external control signal, such as gate drivers
Input signal or sensing input signal.Especially, gate driver circuit can be adapted to based on external signal and based on
Two on and off switch terminals (connection between second source switch terminal and gate drivers be not signal path its be for whole
The reference of individual circuit=this locality ground connection) signal at place generates output signal, with defeated at gate drivers based on this external signal
Go out terminal and second and control to generate between switch terminal voltage.
Thus, enabling control controllable power switch to take conducting state or nonconducting state so that circuit is last
Can be for variable frequency signal be converted into fixed frequency signal in conversion module.
According to an embodiment, this circuit also include control switch driver circuit, its have be connected to control switch
Control switch driver outputs of control terminal, and there is the control switch being connected to gate drivers lead-out terminal
Driver input end, wherein, controls switch driver circuit and is adapted to based on controlling at switch driver input terminal
The signal received controlling to generate at switch driver outputs signal.Thus, enabling control controlled control and open
The state (conducting or non-conduction) closed.Especially, can be by gate driver circuit, particularly at gate drivers lead-out terminal
The signal that place applies controls described control switch driver circuit.Therefore, it can behavior (the conducting shape making controlled control switch
State or nonconducting state) synchronize, or (it is driven by grid at least in part to be based at least partially on the behavior of controllable power switch
Dynamic device circuit output controls).Therefore, enabling turn on and off and switched, by diode and controlled control, the clamper merit provided
Energy.It is thus possible to more efficiently perform protection controllable power switch.Controlled control can be obtained by controlling switch driver circuit
The correct of system switch controls (also referred to as clamper control).It is true that may require timer circuit to guarantee at device (controllable electric
Source switch) be turned off after such as clamp circuit after 10 μ s (including diode and controlled control switch) is disabled, thus
Guarantee that the overvoltage spike of any short persistent period is clamped.
According to an embodiment, described second controls switch terminal connected (the most directly electrical connection) on and off switch
Control terminal.Thus, the voltage applied between at the first terminal and the second terminal of circuit is on diode threshold voltage
Time and when controlled control switch in the conduction state time, on and off switch control terminal apply overvoltage signal, with by power supply
Switch switching-on state, in order to the energy relevant with overvoltage of releasing or dissipate.In other embodiments, second controls to open
Close terminal and be not connected on and off switch control terminal by (directly).
According to an embodiment, it is (the most optional that gate driver circuit has other gate drivers input terminal
Sensing input), wherein, the signal generated at gate drivers lead-out terminal is additionally based upon and puts on described other grid and drive
The signal of dynamic device input terminal, wherein, described other gate drivers input terminal is connected to the second control switch terminal.
Exist and provide this function to have many modern Commercial integrated gate driver circuit of other input terminal.This can be with base
This active clamp circuit is used in conjunction with, and direct link can be provided to drive output stage with control gate and grasp in clamper
Make it into high impedance status during work or enter on-state.Therefore, when controlled control switch is in the conduction state, will be to described
Other gate drivers input terminal applies signal, its allow to take the second signal controlled at switch terminal into account so that
Control the grid of controllable power switch.Especially, during conventional clamp methods, gate drivers output signal may be at breaking
State and this can essentially be contrary with active clamp, with attempt connect controllable power switch because gate driver circuit is often
Rule circuit is attempted maintaining off-state.But, use described other gate drivers input terminal, can be in response to for clamper
Or enter the needs of the clamping performance that high impedance status improves with acquisition and connect gate drivers output signal.Fortunately,
Gate driver circuit is separated (decoupling) by low ohmic resistance with IGBT, therefore simply uses the transil being connected to grid
The clamping action of (diode) network is still possible, even if an important part for clamp current flows into gate drivers, thus
Reducing active clamp effect, this is less desirable.
Promote controllable power switch in response to the needs to clamper when making it possible to realize gate drivers output signal
During switching-on state, active clamp effect can be improved, because both diode and gate drivers output signal subsequently
Seek identical state (conducting state of on and off switch) rather than (as in normal conditions) opposite each other.Alternatively,
Make outfan enter high impedance status and also obtain even better performance, because gate emitter voltage will not become to be subject to subsequently
Limit, and more than the gate emitter on state voltage that defined by gate driver circuit may be risen to.
Another advantage can be when gate drivers output stage forces power semiconductor (controllable electric power by direct route
Switch) connect time, it is possible to reduce transil(diode) power dissipation.Generally, the peak dissipation in Zener diode is at kW model
(in μ s territory) reaches peak value in enclosing, and during the long-term active clamp of continuous print, and diode can suffer from heat effect and must
Must be correspondingly reduced.By using amplifier stage in gate drivers output circuit, it is effective as active clamp function
A part, or by being disconnected, can be at transil(diode) size and the situation of scaled-back of cost
The lower dissipation realizing its minimizing.
According to an embodiment, this circuit also includes other controlled control switch (such as semiconductor device, such as crystal
Pipe, such as bipolar junction transistor, MOSFET, IGBT etc.), it has the first other control switch terminal and (such as drains or collect
Electrode), the second other control switch terminal (such as source electrode or emitter stage) and other control switch control terminal (such as grid
Pole), wherein, the first other conducting state controlled between switch terminal and the second other control switch terminal is based in institute
State the other voltage controlling to apply between switch control terminal and described second other control switch terminal, wherein, described
Gate driver circuit has other gate drivers (sensing) input terminal, wherein, described second other control switch
Terminal is connected to described other gate drivers (sensing) input terminal, and wherein, described other control switch is controlled
Terminal processed is connected to control other control switch driver outputs of switch driver circuit.
Described other controlled control switch can provide by be supplied to the signal of on and off switch control terminal synchronously
It is supplied to the signal of described other gate drivers (sensing) input terminal.Thus, enabling realize higher motility.
Especially, circuit complexity can be highly dependant on described other gate drivers (sensing) input terminal and see from the outside and be
Low ESR or high impedance.In the case of sense pins is low-impedance, can be by permanent for the second other control switch terminal
Be connected to sense pins.When seeing in current source rather than tension measuring circuit, input impedance is normally at a fairly low.
Alternatively, described other gate drivers input terminal can be high impedance, wherein, controls switch driver electricity
Road (also referred to as clamper control) can be floating circuit (it has local ground connection, independent of emitter stage with reference to local ground connection), its
Gate-source voltage is maintained at correct level, and no matter how peripheral circuits may move about current potential during clamper activity
Dynamic.
Especially, when need not clamper, controlling switch and being in nonconducting state.The overall advantage of Controllable Active clamper is
During on and off switch off-state, DC link voltage may rise to normal in the case of attempting limiting voltage not making active clamp
More than clamping level.Clamper can be allowed to be held off during permanent off-state, because in off-state, will not would be required to
The condition of active clamp.In this respect, off-state refers to the condition in (example) IGBT, and wherein, the electric current in IGBT is zero.
According to an embodiment, at the signal controlling to generate at switch driver outputs, control switch is in and leads
Logical state continues whole on-state and is spaced plus the additional period between such as 500 ns and 30 s entering off-state, and this depends on
Application and electrical characteristics.
It is sufficiently large to allow master switch to complete switch off collector current it is important that additional period is spaced in all situations,
And it is the shortest to control switch and its active clamp function controlled therefore at DC link owing to carrying out self generator
Electric current and disconnect before can rising on the conduction threshold of Zener diode or transil network.
According to an embodiment, described circuit is adapted at gate drivers lead-out terminal generate signal so that when
When the voltage applied between the second diode terminal and the first diode terminal is on diode threshold voltage, on and off switch
In the conduction state.It is thus possible to use both diode and controllable power switch to discharge overvoltage to improve clamper function.
According to an embodiment, described circuit also includes that being connected to gate drivers lead-out terminal and second controls switch terminals
Current-limiting resistor between son, to limit electric current from gate drivers lead-out terminal inflow IGBT grid.It is believed that it also limits
Electric current processed is rearwards in driver, but this is not main purpose.Substantially any reverse current is all less desirable, because of
Clamping performance is reduced for it.Especially, wherein voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal diode threshold terminal it
Upper and simultaneously when controlled control switch is in the conduction state in the case of, this electric current may be restricted.It is thus possible to realize
Be that major part electric current flows on and off switch control terminal rather than flows in gate driver circuit.
According to an embodiment, it is (special with second source switch terminal that this circuit also includes being connected to the first diode terminal
Be not directly connected to) between in case protect during the highest DC link voltage condition controlled control switch protected against electricity
The resistor of pressure, wherein, described control switch is in nonconducting state.
According to an embodiment, it is provided that for D/C voltage being converted into AC voltage (or for being turned by variable frequency AC voltage
Change fixed frequency AC voltage into) conversion module (or at least one part of conversion module) (particularly will be at such as wind
The energy on power turbine airport uses in producing factory), it includes protecting at least the one of controllable power switch for as described above
Individual circuit.In this article, especially, during described controllable power switch can be included in the conversion module in DC link downstream
In on and off switch one.Especially, can be applied at DC link apply between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal
Voltage.Especially, this circuit can protect controllable power switch to protect against the overvoltage occurred at DC link.Especially
Ground, it is possible to use conversion module changes the power signal provided from wind turbine airport, and it is typically variable frequency AC merit
Rate signal.
According to an embodiment, it is provided that a kind of controllable electric being connected between the first terminal and the second terminal for protection
Source switch protects against the method for the overvoltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal, and wherein, described method is included in
Voltage is applied between control terminal and the second terminal；Based on the electricity between on and off switch control terminal and second source switch terminal
Pressure controls the conducting state between the first on and off switch terminal and the second source switch terminal of on and off switch of on and off switch,
Wherein, the first on and off switch terminal of described controllable power switch is connected to the second source of the first terminal and gate-controlled switch and opens
Close terminal and be connected to the second terminal；Allow the second diode end of the electric current the first diode terminal at diode and diode
Along forward flow between son；Allow electric current between first diode terminal and the second diode terminal of diode of diode
Along the reverse flow contrary with forward, when the voltage applied between the second diode terminal and the first diode terminal is in two poles
Time on pipe threshold voltage, the second diode terminal is connected to the first terminal；Based on the control on-off control at gate-controlled switch
Terminal and the second voltage controlling to apply between switch terminal control the first control switch terminal of controlled control switch with can
Control controls the conducting state between the second control switch terminal of switch, and first controls switch terminal is connected to the first diode
Terminal, wherein, puts on the signal of on and off switch control terminal based on the signal at the second control switch terminal.
It should be understood that can also by about being used for protecting described by the circuit of controllable power switch, the open or spy that explains
Levy (individually or in any combination way) to apply, provide or for a kind of method for protecting controllable power switch.
Should be noted that the embodiments of the invention with reference to different subject descriptions.Especially, reference method class
Type claim describes some embodiment, and reference unit type claims describes other embodiments.But, this area
Technical staff will be from deduction described above and below, unless additionally notified, except belong to a type of theme feature appoint
Outside what combination, it is believed that by disclose between the feature relevant with different themes by this document, particularly Method type right will
Any combination between feature and the feature of type of device claim asked.
The aspect defined above of the present invention and other side are apparent from the example of the embodiment being described below
, and the example of reference example is explained.Example below with reference to embodiment is more fully described the present invention,
But the invention is not restricted to the example of described embodiment.
This technology can be applicable to include any power converter of power semiconductor, wherein, it is necessary to by such as having
Source clamp circuit manages the shutoff overvoltage of power semiconductor, still allows for existing in following sessions being in active clamp simultaneously
The overvoltage that system on the threshold value of circuit derives.
Example includes Ship Propeling, industrial drives, fuel cell converter, Automobile drive etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Referring now to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described.
Fig. 1 diagram is according to the circuit diagram of the circuit for protecting controllable power switch of embodiment；
Fig. 2 illustrates the diagram of the time course of the state of controllable power switch and the state of active clamp of having ready conditions；
Fig. 3 diagram is according to the circuit diagram of the circuit for protecting controllable power switch of another embodiment；
Fig. 4 diagram is according to the circuit diagram of the circuit for protecting controllable power switch of another embodiment；And
Fig. 5 diagram is according to the circuit diagram of the circuit for protecting controllable power switch of another embodiment.
Fig. 6 diagram is from the example of the basic three-phase back-to-back transducer configuration of magneto feeding.
Detailed description of the invention
Diagram in figure is schematic.It should be noted in various figures, provide phase for similar or identical element
Same reference or offer reference, it is only different from corresponding reference in the first numerical digit.
Fig. 1 diagram is according to the circuit driver of the circuit 100 for protecting controllable power switch of embodiment.Circuit 100
Including controllable power switch 101, it is implemented here as having the first on and off switch terminal 103(and is implemented here as collection
Electrode C), second source switch terminal 105(be implemented here as emitter E) and on and off switch control terminal 107(is here
Be implemented as grid G) IGBT.Controllable power switch 101(is also referred to as S1) conducting state depend on controllable power switch 101
Grid 107 and emitter stage 105 between voltage Vge.Circuit 100 also includes the first terminal 109 and the second terminal 111, its it
Between can apply voltage (usually D/C voltage, the D/C voltage of the DC link of such as conversion module).Especially, at the first terminal
At 109, can apply than current potential higher at terminal 111.
Circuit 100 is additionally included in this situation and is implemented as the diode 113(of Zener diode and is also referred to as Z1).Zener two
Pole pipe 113 has the first diode terminal 115(anode) and the second diode terminal 117(negative electrode).The forward stream of diode 117
Dynamic direction is from anode 115 to negative electrode 117, and it is putting on the current potential at anode 115 higher than putting on the current potential at negative electrode 117
In the case of realize.But, it is between the first terminal 109 and the second terminal 111 that applying positive voltage (puts on the first terminal
Current potential at 109 is higher than putting on the current potential at the second terminal 111) in the case of, diode 113 do not allow electric current along forward,
I.e. flow from anode 115 to negative electrode 117.But, if the voltage put between the first terminal 109 and the second cross-talk 111 is (also
It is referred to as D/C voltage) rise on the diode threshold voltage (or breakdown voltage) of Zener diode 113, then diode 113 is permitted
Permitted electric current along from the reverse flow of negative electrode 117 to anode 115.Particularly when D/C voltage is at the tolerable electricity of on and off switch 101
On pressure maximum, then it may happen that this phenomenon.In this case, diode 113 is to put on the first terminal for reduction
A part for the voltage clamp circuit of 109 and second overvoltage between terminal 111, in order to protection controllable power switch 101.
In order to be provided with condition and/or controlled clamper function, circuit 100 also includes having the first control switch terminal 121
(being implemented here as drain D), the second control switch terminal 123(are implemented here as source S) and control on-off control
Terminal 125(is implemented here as grid G) controlled control switch 119(be also referred to as S2).It is implemented as in the example shown
The conducting state of the controlled control switch 119 of MOSFET depends between grid 125 and the source electrode 123 of controlled control switch 119
Voltage Vgs。
In order to control the state of controllable power switch 101, it is provided that gate driver circuit 127, it has and is connected to
The gate drivers lead-out terminal 129 of on and off switch control terminal 107.Gate drivers reference terminal 131 is connected to second
On and off switch terminal 105, gate drivers input terminal 128 allows the external control of gate drivers 127.Additionally, power supply is opened
Close control terminal 107 and be connected to the second control switch terminal 123.Grid are flowed to from the second control switch terminal 123 in order to reduce
Electric current in driver lead-out terminal 129, controls between switch terminal 123 and gate drivers lead-out terminal 129 second
Connect current-limiting resistor 133.
In order to control the conducting state of controlled control switch 119, it is provided that have and be connected to control switch control terminal
The control switch driver circuit 135 controlling switch driver outputs 137 of 125.Additionally, control switch driver input
Terminal 139 is connected to gate drivers lead-out terminal 129.Additionally, normal diode 141(is also referred to as D1) it is connected first
Diode terminal 115 and first controls between switch terminal 121 so that suppression electric current controls switch terminal 121 from first flow to the
One terminal 109.Additionally, switch the overvoltage at 119 to control to put on controlled control, the first diode terminal 115 with
Resistor 143 is connected between second terminal 111.
Fig. 2 illustrate normal operating during turn on and off transition, be followed by owing to (multiple) dynamo current is reset
The diagram of the increase of the DC link voltage caused to zero.
In whole four figures, indicate time t on the horizontal scale, on the vertical coordinate in the first figure, it is illustrated that DC link
Voltage (VDC, voltage between the first on and off switch terminal 103 and second source switch terminal 105), in the second figure, diagram is negative
Carry electric current (IC), the 3rd figure illustrates collector emitter voltage (Vce), and in the 4th figure, illustrates active clamp shape
State.The dotted sections diagram of Vce shutoff transition does not applies the breakdown levels exceeding switching device in the case of active clamp
Potential voltage overshoot.The node of VDC and VCE is also show in 6.
The state of controllable power switch 101 is illustrated as curve 245 and the most controlled control switch 119 in the conduction state,
Thus activate the time interval 247 of clamper.
Time period 249 indicates wherein controllable power switch 101 to be in nonconducting state and makes the first on and off switch terminal 103
And the time period that voltage between second source switch terminal 105 is relatively high.Represent the time of the on-state of controllable power switch 101
Section 251 is between two off-states 249.
Controllable power switch 101 has been in prolongation at controllable power switch after conducting state switches to nonconducting state
Conducting state reach time interval Δ t.Between at this moment after interval, controllable power switch 101 switches to nonconducting state.
Can by gate driver circuit 127 and by second control switch terminal 123 apply signal control
The on-state of controllable power switch 101 and off-state (respectively conducting state and nonconducting state).In other embodiments, Ke Yi
The second control switch terminal 123 is not made to control controllable electric power in the case of being directly connected to controlled control switch control terminal 107
The conducting state of switch and nonconducting state.
As seen from Figure 2, clamper active 247(represents the conducting of the controlled control switch 119 shown in Fig. 1
State) it is completely covered and extends the on-state 251 of controllable power switch 101.Therefore, when at the first terminal 109 and the second terminal 111
Between when there is overvoltage, can be with from the first terminal 109, via Zener diode 113, normal diode 141, controlled control
Switch 119 flow on and off switch control terminal 107 and partly also flows into the gate drivers lead-out terminal 129(the most not phase
Hope) electric current discharge or reduce this overvoltage.Additionally, in a part during the off-state 253 of controllable power switch 101,
Controlled control switch 119 is still in conducting state, because especially in the transition from the on-state of controllable power switch 101 to off-state
Qu Zhong, it may occur however that due to voltage spikes, such as spike 255.Owing to clamp circuit is in active during the generation of spike 255
(it is in the conduction state that controlled control switchs 119), it is possible to flow on and off switch control terminal 107 with from the first terminal 109
Electric current effectively make spike 255 demote or reduce.
Fig. 3 diagram is for protecting another embodiment 300 of the circuit of controllable power switch.Circuit 300 and the electricity shown in Fig. 1
Road 100 has similarity because its also include having the terminal similar with the corresponding component shown in Fig. 1 and with shown in Fig. 1
Embodiment in similar mode connect controllable power switch 301, the first terminal the 309, second terminal 311, Zener diode
313, controlled control switch 310, gate driver circuit 327, control switch driver circuit 335, resistor 333, normal two
Pole pipe 341 and resistor 343.Being different from the embodiment 100 of Fig. 1, the gate driver circuit 327 shown in Fig. 3 has other
Gate drivers input terminal 357.Additionally, circuit 300 also to include having the first other control switch terminal 361, second another
The outer other controlled control switch 359(controlling switch terminal 363 and other control switch control terminal 365 is also referred to as
S3).In this article, the second other switch terminal 363 that controls is connected to other gate drivers input terminal 357.This
Outward, control switch driver circuit 335 to include being connected to the other other control switch controlling switch control terminal 365
Driver output terminals 367.Especially, other gate drivers input terminal 357 can be Low ESR input terminal.
Fig. 4 diagram is for protecting the block diagram of another embodiment 400 of the circuit of controllable power switch.Reality shown in Fig. 4
Executing and be illustrated and the similarity of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 3, it includes with only different in the first numerical digit same reference marks
The parts of labelled notation.In order to understand function and the structure of these parts, with reference to about Fig. 1 or/and the description of 3.At circuit 400
In, the other input terminal 457 of gate drivers can be high impedance input, and controls switch driver circuit 435
Can be " floating circuit ", the gate-source voltage controlling switch control terminal 425 be maintained at correct level by it, the most all
Enclose how circuit moves about current potential during clamper activity.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 4 seems more simply too much than the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 or 3, but floating clamper controls
Device may require magnet assembly and obtains the independent current source for this circuit.Therefore, compared with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 or 3, Ke Nengzeng
Add overall complexity.
Fig. 5 diagram, for protecting another embodiment 500 of circuit of controllable power switch, it illustrates and Fig. 1,3 and 4 institutes
The similarity of the embodiment shown.But, the second control switch terminal 523 of controlled control switch 519 is not directly connected to can
The on and off switch control terminal 507 of control on and off switch 501.Alternatively, the second control switch terminal 523 is connected to other grid
Driver input terminal 557.Only gate drivers lead-out terminal 529 is connected on and off switch control via resistor 533
Terminal 507 processed.Further, it is the high impedance input period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m when other gate drivers input terminal 557, it is possible to use Fig. 5 institute
The embodiment 500 shown.This is utilized to configure, it is desirable to gate drivers senses input mechanism during active clamp by gate drivers
Output stage becomes on-state, because the direct clamper path not existed on and off switch control terminal.
Fig. 6 diagram is from the example of the basic three-phase back-to-back transducer configuration 650 of magneto 651 feeding.Permanent magnetism three
Phase generator (PMG) illustrates as example, and can be similarly three-phase induction generator (IG) or sliding ring type sensing
Electromotor (DFIG).And this electromotor can be replaced with motor.Transducer configuration 650 includes many IGBT 601, makes
It all can be protected in order to avoid suffering overvoltage with the circuit according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.
It should be noted that term " includes " being not excluded for other element or step and "a" or "an" is not excluded for plural number.Also may be used
So that the element combinations described in different embodiment will be combined.It should also be noted that and the reference marks in claim should be interpreted as
Limit the scope of claim.
Reference numerals list:
101,301,401,501 controllable power switches
103,302,402,502 first on and off switch terminals
105,305,405,505 second source switch terminals
107,307,407,507 on and off switch control terminals
109,309,409,509 the first terminals
111,311,411,511 second terminals
113,313,413,513 Zener diodes
115,315,415,515 first diode terminal
117,317,417,517 second diode terminal
119,319,419,519 controlled control switches
121,321,421,521 first control switch terminal
123,323,423,523, second controls switch terminal
125,325,425,525, control switch control terminal
127,327,427,527, gate driver circuit
129,329,429,529, gate drivers lead-out terminal
131,331,431,531 gate drivers reference terminals (local GND)
133,333,433,533, resistor
135,335,435,535, control switch driver circuit
137,337,437,537, control switch driver outputs
139,339,439,539, control switch driver input terminal
141,341, normal diode
143,343,443,543, resistor
Voltage between colelctor electrode and the emitter stage of 245 controllable power switches
The off-state of 249 controllable power switches
The on-state of 251 controllable power switches
255 voltage peaks
357,457,557 other gate drivers input terminals
359 other controlled control switches
367 other control switch driver outputs
Claims (9)
1. protect against can for the controllable power switch being connected between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal for protection
The circuit of the overvoltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal, this circuit includes:
Controllable power switch (101), it has and is connected to the first on and off switch terminal (103) of the first terminal (109), quilt
It is connected to second source switch terminal (105) and the on and off switch control terminal (107) of the second terminal (111), wherein,
Conducting state between one on and off switch terminal and second source switch terminal is based on and off switch control terminal and the second electricity
The voltage applied between source switch terminal；
Diode (113), it has the first diode terminal (115) and the second diode terminal (117), the permission of this diode
Electric current between the first diode terminal with the second diode terminal along forward flow and allow electric current along contrary anti-with forward
To flowing, when the voltage applied between the second diode terminal and the first diode terminal is on diode threshold voltage
Time, the second diode terminal is connected to the first terminal；
Controlled control switch (119), its have be connected to the first diode terminal first control switch terminal (121),
Second controls switch terminal (123) and controls switch control terminal (125), and wherein, first controls switch terminal and the second control
Conducting state between switch terminal processed is based on controlling the electricity that switch control terminal and second controls to apply between switch terminal
Pressure,
Wherein, put on the signal signal based on the second control switch terminal (123) place of on and off switch control terminal (107),
Gate driver circuit (127), it has the gate drivers reference terminal being connected to second source switch terminal
(131), there is gate drivers input terminal (128) and there is the gate drivers being connected on and off switch control terminal
Lead-out terminal (129), wherein, the signal generated at gate drivers lead-out terminal is based on putting on gate drivers input
The signal of son (128)；And
Controlling switch driver circuit (135), it has the control switch driver being connected to control switch control terminal
Lead-out terminal (137) also has control switch driver input terminal (139) being connected to gate drivers lead-out terminal,
Wherein, described control switch driver circuit is adapted to based on controlling to receive at switch driver input terminal
Signal is controlling to generate at switch driver outputs signal；
Wherein, described second control switch terminal is connected on and off switch control terminal；
Make at the signal controlling to generate at switch driver outputs
The described switch that controls has been in the conducting of prolongation after conducting state switches to nonconducting state at controllable power switch
State reach time interval between 500 ns and 30 μ s (Δ t), and
When described controllable power switch is in nonconducting state, described control switch is in non-conduction after this time interval
State.
The controllable electric power being connected between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal for protection the most according to claim 1
Switch protects against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein, described gate drivers
Circuit has other gate drivers input terminal (357,457,557), wherein, generates at gate drivers lead-out terminal
Signal be additionally based upon the signal putting on described other gate drivers input terminal, wherein, described other raster data model
Device input terminal (357,457,557) is connected to the second control switch terminal (423).
The controllable electric power being connected between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal for protection the most according to claim 1
Switch protects against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, also includes；
Controlled control switch (359) additionally, it has the first other control switch terminal (361), the second other control
Switch terminal processed (363) and other control switch control terminal (365), wherein, the first other control switch terminal and
The two other conducting states controlled between switch terminal are based at described other control switch control terminal and described second
The voltage controlling to apply between switch terminal additionally,
Wherein, described gate driver circuit has other gate drivers input terminal (357),
Wherein, described second other control switch terminal (363) is connected to described other gate drivers input terminal
(357), and wherein, described other control switch control terminal (365) is connected to control the another of switch driver circuit
Outer control switch driver outputs (367).
4. according to the first terminal and the second terminal that are connected to circuit for protection described in any one in claims 1 to 3
Between controllable power switch protect against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, also wrap
Include；
Other diode (141), it is connected between gate drivers lead-out terminal and the first terminal (109).
5. according to the first terminal and second being connected to circuit for protection described in any one in aforementioned claims 1 to 3
Controllable power switch between terminal protects against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, its
In, described diode is bilateral diode, when the voltage applied between the first diode terminal and the second diode terminal exists
Time on other diode threshold voltage, this bilateral diode allows electric current at the first diode terminal and the second diode end
Along forward flow between son.
6. according to the first terminal and the second terminal that are connected to circuit for protection described in any one in claims 1 to 3
Between controllable power switch protect against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, also wrap
Include；
Current-limiting resistor (133), it is connected gate drivers lead-out terminal and second and controls between switch terminal, with limit
Make the electric current flowed out from gate drivers lead-out terminal.
7. according to the first terminal and second being connected to circuit for protection described in any one in aforementioned claims 1 to 3
Controllable power switch between terminal protects against the circuit of the overvoltage that can apply between the first terminal and the second terminal, also
Including:
Resistor (143), it is connected between the first diode terminal and the second terminal to protect controlled control to switch
Protect against overvoltage.
8. for D/C voltage being converted into a conversion module for AC voltage, including according to any one in claim 1 to 7
The described controllable power switch being connected between the first terminal of circuit and the second terminal for protection protects against can be the
The circuit of the overvoltage applied between one terminal and the second terminal.
9. the controllable power switch being connected between the first terminal and the second terminal for protection protects against at the first end
The method of the overvoltage applied between son and the second terminal, the method includes:
Voltage is applied between the first terminal and the second terminal；
The first power supply switched based on the voltage-controlled source between on and off switch control terminal and second source switch terminal
Conducting state between the second source switch terminal of switch terminal and on and off switch, wherein, the first electricity of controllable power switch
Source switch terminal is connected to the second source switch terminal of the first terminal and gate-controlled switch and is connected to the second terminal；
Allow electric current along forward flow between first diode terminal and the second diode terminal of diode of diode；
Allow electric current edge and forward phase between first diode terminal and the second diode terminal of diode of diode
Anti-reverse flow, when the voltage applied between the second diode terminal and the first diode terminal is in diode threshold voltage
On time, the second diode terminal is connected to the first terminal；
Control based on the voltage controlling to apply between switch control terminal and the second control switch terminal at gate-controlled switch
Conducting state between first control switch terminal and the second control switch terminal of controlled control switch of controlled control switch,
First controls switch terminal is connected to the first diode terminal；
Wherein, the signal of on and off switch control terminal is put on based on the signal at the second control switch terminal；
By gate driver circuit, described gate driver circuit has and is connected to the grid of second source switch terminal and drives
Move device reference terminal, there is gate drivers input terminal and there is the raster data model being connected on and off switch control terminal
Device lead-out terminal, generates signal based on the signal putting on gate drivers lead-out terminal at gate drivers lead-out terminal；
And
Controlling switch driver circuit, it has control switch driver outputs being connected to control switch control terminal
And there is the control switch driver input terminal being connected to gate drivers lead-out terminal,
Wherein, described control switch driver circuit is adapted to based on controlling to receive at switch driver input terminal
Signal is controlling to generate at switch driver outputs signal；
Wherein, described second control switch terminal is connected on and off switch control terminal；
Make at the signal controlling to generate at switch driver outputs
The described switch that controls has been in the conducting of prolongation after conducting state switches to nonconducting state at controllable power switch
State reach time interval between 500 ns and 30 μ s (Δ t), and
When described controllable power switch is in nonconducting state, described control switch is in non-conduction after this time interval
State.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10159370.5 | 2010-04-08 | ||
| EP10159370 | 2010-04-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2010/067944 WO2011124279A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2010-11-22 | Circuit and method for protecting a controllable power switch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102823134A CN102823134A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
| CN102823134B true CN102823134B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
Family
ID=
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6087877A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2000-07-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Integrated circuit having surge protection circuit |
| CN1427519A (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-02 | 西门子公司 | Differential current protector |
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6087877A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2000-07-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Integrated circuit having surge protection circuit |
| CN1427519A (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-02 | 西门子公司 | Differential current protector |
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