CN102816028A - Biological disease prevention type greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biological disease prevention type greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102816028A CN102816028A CN2012103321490A CN201210332149A CN102816028A CN 102816028 A CN102816028 A CN 102816028A CN 2012103321490 A CN2012103321490 A CN 2012103321490A CN 201210332149 A CN201210332149 A CN 201210332149A CN 102816028 A CN102816028 A CN 102816028A
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- trichoderma
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 title abstract description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000012681 biocontrol agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000000443 biocontrol Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241001655322 Streptomycetales Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000187391 Streptomyces hygroscopicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a biological disease prevention type greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer and a preparation method and an application thereof. The greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer is composed of bio-control coated urea, diammonium phosphate and granular potassium sulfate, the bio-control coated urea is prepared by coating granular urea by a bio-control coating agent, the bio-control coating agent is composed of bio-control agent containing weathered coal and a binder, the bio-control agent is formed by combination of a trichoderma strain bio-control agent and a streptomycete bio-control agent with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the mass of the bio-control coating agent is 4% to 9.6% of that of the granular urea. The preparation method and the application of the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer are further provided. A biological disease prevention type slow release nitrogen fertilizer is formed without changing a coating technique, and nutrients are rationed according to nutrient requirement rule of the vegetable seedling stage. The greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer has the advantages that the disease prevention function can be provided for vegetables at the planting date, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and damages to a root system are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological disease-prevention type greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer production and application.
Background
The facility cultivation plays an important role in solving annual supply of vegetables, and the facility vegetable planting area in China reaches more than 300 million hectares by 2008, so that the facility vegetable cultivation method becomes one of leading industries of agriculture and rural economic development. However, due to the high multiple cropping index and serious continuous cropping of facility cultivation and the special climatic conditions in the facility, soil-borne diseases often occur, and the healthy development of facility vegetables is greatly influenced along with the increasing of the planting years. According to investigation, the yield of vegetables is reduced by 20-40% and more than 60% in serious cases due to the occurrence of soil-borne diseases under the condition of facility cultivation in China.
At present, the common disease prevention method for greenhouse vegetables is to take medicine again when the vegetables are attacked, but the disease is late, and the measures mainly based on chemical prevention and control not only can not inhibit the trend of disease increase, but also inhibit beneficial microorganisms in soil, so that pathogenic bacteria generate drug resistance and harmful substance residue is caused. Biological control of facility soil-borne diseases is a safe, effective and promising approach.
By pest control is meant the use of naturally occurring biocontrol microorganisms, whose living organisms or metabolites inhibit the number and activity of pathogenic microorganisms, thereby reducing the occurrence or rate of disease, and reducing the severity of disease. Biological control is a non-chemical environmental protection plant disease prevention method with great potential, and is a brand new attempt for people to comprehensively control diseases from the aspects of health and ecological protection. The existing products for biological disease prevention comprise biological pesticides and biological agents, and the former products generally have higher cost due to the need of extraction, purification and other processes; most of the biological agents are mixtures of live bacteria and metabolites thereof, and due to the existence of the live bacteria, the preservation and the application are limited by various conditions. If the inner solution of the biocontrol bacteria and the secretion in the culture process are used as biological disease-preventing substances, the storage and the application are more convenient; if the substance is combined with the fertilizer, the application process can be saved, and the labor cost can be saved.
Most varieties of facility vegetables are planted in a transplanting mode, roots are inevitably injured in the transplanting process, opportunities are created for germ infection, a period with the worst disease resistance is also formed after the seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, various soil-borne diseases are easy to occur, and the disease-preventing substances are applied to the seedlings to achieve a good effect.
CN101575249 (200910117071.9) discloses a vegetable planting fertilizer, which mainly solves the problem of insufficient nutrient supply during vegetable transplanting. The invention comprises the following raw materials: calcium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, ferric citrate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, naphthylacetic acid and sucrose; calcium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, naphthylacetic acid and cane sugar are uniformly mixed to form a component A, other raw materials are uniformly mixed to form a component B, and the components are respectively and independently packaged. After the vegetable seedling growing agent is used, transplanted vegetable seedlings can be quickly survived, healthy seedlings can be quickly formed, the growth vigor is good, the vegetables are early on to market, the yield is high, the quality is good, and the stress resistance of the vegetable seedlings can be enhanced. The invention also has the defects that the invention has no biological disease prevention function, mainly takes quick-acting nutrients and has short fertilizer efficiency time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a special fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables, which has the functions of biological disease prevention, quick acting and slow release combined, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Summary of The Invention
The invention utilizes the existing microbial fermentation technology to carry out solid fermentation on biocontrol fungi trichoderma and streptomyces with disease prevention function, adds the fermentation product into a fertilizer coating agent to prepare the biocontrol coating agent, produces the biocontrol disease-resistant slow-release nitrogen fertilizer under the conditions of not changing the coating process and not increasing the coating cost, and produces the greenhouse vegetable field planting fertilizer by matching nutrients according to the nutrient demand rule of the vegetable seedling stage. The fertilizer not only provides disease prevention function for vegetables in a planting period, but also prolongs the fertilizer efficiency. Tests show that the method achieves good effect.
Description of terms:
biocontrol bacteria: the antibacterial agent can induce host plants to generate resistance or secrete antibacterial substances to influence the propagation and growth of pathogenic bacteria until death; or microorganisms which reduce the infection rate and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria through antibiotic action, competitive action, predation action and the like. The microorganisms with biocontrol function found at present are trichoderma, actinomycetes, streptomycete, bacillus and the like.
Facility vegetables: the vegetable is cultivated under the condition of a facility, and the main vegetable varieties of the facility cultivation comprise cucumbers, tomatoes, hot peppers or sweet peppers, pumpkin and the like. The protected cultivation is the vegetable production which can improve or create proper meteorological conditions in a local range under the protection of certain facilities and provide a good environment for the growth and development of vegetables.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 250-450 parts of bio-control coated urea, 350-500 parts of diammonium phosphate and 150-300 parts of granular potassium sulfate; wherein, the biocontrol coated urea is prepared by biocontrol coating agent coated granular urea;
the biocontrol coating agent consists of weathered coal containing a biocontrol agent and a binder in a mass ratio of 3.4-9: 1; the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent is prepared from the biocontrol agent and weathered coal in a mass ratio of = 2: 8-12; the binder consists of epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.0-1.3; the amount of the biocontrol coating agent is 4-9.6 wt% of the mass of the granular urea;
the biocontrol agent is a combination of trichoderma biocontrol agent and streptomyces biocontrol agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the trichoderma biocontrol agent and the streptomyces biocontrol agent are respectively prepared by trichoderma and streptomyces through culturing and fermenting according to the prior art, namely a trichoderma solid culture and a streptomyces solid culture;
the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma viride (T.viride) or Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei), and the Streptomyces strain is selected from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Streptomyces hygrospinus).
Furthermore, the Trichoderma strain is preferably Trichoderma viride ACCC31911 or Trichoderma reesei ACCC30911 from China agricultural culture Collection (ACCC for English abbreviation) center for culture Collection.
The streptomyces strain is preferably selected from Streptomyces spinosus ACCC40016, ACCC40017, ACCC40018 or ACCC40019 of China Agricultural microbial culture collection management center (Agricultural culture collection of China English abbreviation ACCC).
According to the invention, the binder is preferably a combination of epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2.
According to the invention, the weathered coal is preferably sieved by a 100-mesh sieve. And sieving the solid trichoderma culture and the solid streptomyces culture with a 200-mesh sieve.
The diammonium phosphate, the granular potassium sulfate and the granular urea are all products sold in the market. Preferably, the particle size of the diammonium phosphate and the granular potassium sulfate is 2-4 mm. Preferably, the particle size of the granular urea is 2-3 mm.
The preparation of the trichoderma biocontrol agent and the streptomyces biocontrol agent is carried out according to the prior art, and the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
A. preparation of trichoderma biocontrol agent:
adopting PDA culture medium to prepare trichoderma oblique surface seeds according to the prior art. PDA culture medium: potato 200 g, glucose 20 g, agar 16 g and water 1000 g.
Eluting Trichoderma oblique seed with sterile water to obtain Trichoderma conidiophore-containing 1 × 1072 x 10 per gram73-6wt% of suspension liquid per gram, wherein the suspension liquid is inoculated into a sterilized liquid culture medium, and the liquid culture medium formula is as follows: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose and 1000 g of water; culturing at 28 deg.C and 180 rpm for 3-6 days to obtain Trichoderma seed liquid containing conidia 1 × 1082 x 10 per gram8One per gram.
Mixing corn flour, rice hull and wheat bran in the mass ratio of 2 to 3 to 1 to obtain solid material, and mixing the solid material and water in the mass ratio of the solid material to the waterThe solid medium was prepared in a ratio of 1: 1.1. Inoculating the seed liquid into a sterilized solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 2-4wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 26-28 deg.C for 6-10 days to obtain solid culture containing trichoderma conidium 6 × 1010Per gram to 9 x 1010One per gram.
Drying the trichoderma solid culture at 40-60 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. Obtaining the trichoderma biocontrol agent.
B. Preparation of streptomycete biocontrol agent:
adopting PDA culture medium to prepare streptomycete slant seeds according to the prior art. PDA culture medium: potato 200 g, glucose 20 g, agar 16 g and water 1000 g.
Eluting Streptomyces slant seeds with sterile water to obtain Streptomyces conidiophore 1 × 1073 x 10 per gram7The suspension is inoculated into a sterilized liquid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 2-5wt%, and the formula of the liquid culture medium is as follows: 20 g of soluble starch, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5 g of sodium chloride, 0.01 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and pH = 7.4-7.6; culturing at 28 deg.C and 200 rpm for 2-4 days to obtain Streptomyces strain liquid containing conidia of 1 × 108Per gram-4X 108One per gram.
Mixing rice flour, sorghum flour and rice hull in a mass ratio of = 2: 3 to obtain a solid material, and preparing a solid culture medium according to a mass ratio of the solid material to water of 1: 1.2. Inoculating the seed liquid into a sterilized solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 1-3wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 28-30 deg.C for 8-12 days to obtain solid culture containing streptomycete conidia 2 × 109Per gram-4X 109One per gram.
Drying the streptomycete solid culture at 40-60 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. Obtaining the streptomyces biocontrol agent.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biocontrol coating agent:
trichoderma biocontrol agents: preparing a trichoderma biocontrol agent according to the prior art or the preferred scheme A;
the streptomycete biocontrol agent comprises: preparing streptomycete biocontrol agent according to the prior art or the preferable scheme B;
mixing the trichoderma biocontrol agent, the streptomyces biocontrol agent and the weathered coal according to the proportion to obtain the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent.
And (3) taking the epoxy resin and the triethylene tetramine according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the binder.
The weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent and the binder are taken according to the proportion for standby.
(2) Taking granular urea with the particle size of 2-3mm as a core fertilizer, preheating to 60-70 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (1) onto rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the granular urea is 0.3-0.5wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (1), the mass ratio of the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent to the granular urea is 1.7-2.7wt%, and repeating the process for 1-2 times after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing diammonium phosphate and granular potassium sulfate with the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2) according to the proportion to obtain the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer.
The application method of the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following steps: when vegetables are planted in the planting holes or ditches in a facility, the vegetables are applied to the planting holes or ditches at one time and are mixed with soil to plant seedlings.
The fertilizer for field planting of the greenhouse vegetables comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 30-50 kg per mu.
The invention has the following excellent effects:
1. convenient storage and prolonged disease prevention effect
At present, most biological disease-preventing microbial agents are mixtures of live bacteria and metabolites thereof. Due to the existence of living bacteria, the preservation and the application of the bacteria are limited by various conditions, and the disease prevention effect is unstable. The invention takes the metabolite and intracellular solute of the biocontrol bacteria as the plant disease-preventing substance, has no living body, is convenient to store, and has stable biocontrol effect and long time.
2. Saving production cost
The common urea can slow down the dissolving speed of the urea through the weathered coal coating, form a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and prolong the effect of the nitrogen fertilizer. The invention combines biological disease prevention with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer production, does not need to change the production process and equipment of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and does not increase the production cost under the condition of increasing the disease prevention function.
3. Does not damage the root system
The nitrogen fertilizer in the fertilizer is coated, so that urea is not directly contacted with the root system of the vegetable, and the harm to the root system is avoided.
4. Reducing the medication process
The fertilizer contains biological disease-preventing substances, is applied by combining with the fertilizer, omits a pesticide application procedure and saves labor cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples. In the examples, the raw materials are used in parts by mass, and all percentages are by mass. Wherein,
the Trichoderma strain is Trichoderma viride ACCC31911 and Trichoderma reesei ACCC30911, wherein ACCC31911 is used in examples 1-2, and ACCC30911 is used in examples 3-4, and obtained from China agricultural microorganism culture Collection center.
The streptomyces species are streptomyces spinosa hydroscopicus ACCC40016 and ACCC40018, wherein the ACCC40016 is used in the examples 1-2, the ACCC40018 is used in the examples 3-4, and the streptomyces species are purchased from China agricultural microorganism culture collection management center.
Weathered coal: produced by Xinjiang Tengsheng science and technology development Limited, and the organic matter content is 70.2wt percent.
Diammonium phosphate, granular potassium sulfate and granular urea are all commercially available products, and the particle size of the diammonium phosphate and the granular potassium sulfate is 2-4mm, and the particle size of the granular urea is 2-3 mm. Diammonium phosphate containing 18wt% of nitrogen and 46wt% of phosphorus pentoxide; granular potassium sulfate containing potassium oxide 50 wt%. The nitrogen content of the granular urea is 46 wt%.
Example 1:
the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following raw materials: 400 kg of biocontrol coated urea, 400 kg of diammonium phosphate and 200 kg of granular potassium sulfate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the biocontrol agent:
A. trichoderma biocontrol agents:
preparing a test tube slant culture medium by taking 200 g of potatoes, 20 g of glucose, 16 g of agar and 1000 g of water according to the prior art, inoculating trichoderma strains, and culturing for 7 days at a constant temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain trichoderma slant seeds.
Eluting Trichoderma oblique seed with sterile water to obtain Trichoderma conidiophore containing 1.56 × 107Preparing a liquid culture medium according to the prior art by taking 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose and 1000 g of water for each gram of suspension; the suspension is inoculated into a sterilized liquid culture medium by the mass ratio of 5wt%, and cultured for 4 days under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 180 r/min. Obtaining the trichoderma seed liquid. The bacterial liquid contains conidia of 1.31 × 108One per gram.
And uniformly mixing 2 kg of corn flour, 3 kg of rice hull and 1 kg of wheat bran, adding 6.6 kg of water, and carrying out autoclaving to obtain the solid culture medium. Inoculating the seed liquid into a sterilized solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 3wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 28 deg.C for 8 days to obtain solid culture containing 7.15 × 10 conidia of Trichoderma10One per gram.
Drying the trichoderma solid culture at 50 ℃, grinding and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve. Obtaining the trichoderma biocontrol agent.
B. The streptomycete biocontrol agent comprises:
200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 16 g of agar and 1000 g of water are taken, a test tube slant culture medium is prepared according to the prior art, streptomycete strains are inoculated, and the culture is carried out for 4 days at a constant temperature of 28 ℃, so as to obtain streptomycete slant seeds.
Eluting Streptomyces slant seeds with sterile water to obtain Streptomyces conidiophore 2.13 × 107Per gram of suspension; taking 20 g of soluble starch, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5 g of sodium chloride, 0.01 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 1000 g of water, adjusting the pH value to 7.4-7.6, and sterilizing according to the prior art to obtain a liquid culture medium; the suspension was inoculated into a liquid medium at an inoculum size of 3wt% by mass, and cultured at 28 ℃ at 200 rpm for 3 days. Obtaining the streptomycete seed liquid. The bacterial liquid contains conidia of 2.82 × 108One per gram.
Taking 2 kg of rice flour, 2 kg of sorghum flour and 3 kg of rice hull, uniformly mixing, adding 8.4 kg of water, and sterilizing to obtain the solid culture medium. Inoculating the seed liquid into a solid culture medium by an inoculation amount of 2wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain solid culture containing 3.16 × 10 conidia of Streptomyces9One per gram.
Drying the streptomycete solid culture at 50 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve. Obtaining the streptomyces biocontrol agent.
C. And (3) mixing 2.5 kg of trichoderma biocontrol agent in the step A and 2.5 kg of streptomyces biocontrol agent in the step B with 25 kg of weathered coal sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent.
D. And uniformly mixing 6 kg of epoxy resin and 7.2 kg of triethylene tetramine to obtain the binder.
(2) Taking 400 kg of granular urea, preheating the granular urea to 65 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (D) onto the rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the urea is 0.3wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (C), the mass ratio of the weathered coal to the urea is 1.8wt%, and repeating the process for 2 times after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing 400 kg of the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2), 400 kg of diammonium phosphate and 200 kg of granular potassium sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer.
Example 2:
the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following raw materials: 300 kg of biocontrol coated urea, 450 kg of diammonium phosphate and 250 kg of granular potassium sulfate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation of weathered coal containing a biocontrol agent and a binder was the same as in example 1.
(2) Taking 300 kg of granular urea, preheating the granular urea to 60 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (1) onto the rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the urea is 0.5wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (1), the mass ratio of the weathered coal to the urea is 2.5wt%, and repeating the process for 1 time after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing 300 kg of the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2), 450 kg of diammonium phosphate and 250 kg of granular potassium sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the fertilizer for field planting of the greenhouse vegetables.
Example 3:
the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following raw materials: 350 kg of biocontrol coated urea, 500 kg of diammonium phosphate and 150 kg of granular potassium sulfate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent and the binder were prepared as in example 1, except that the Trichoderma species was ACCC30911 and the Trichoderma solid was usedThe culture contains trichoderma conidium 8.23 × 1010Per gram; the streptomycete strain adopts ACCC40018, and the streptomycete solid culture contains streptomycete conidium 2.78 × 109One per gram.
(2) Taking 400 kg of granular urea, preheating the granular urea to 70 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (1) onto the rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the urea is 0.4wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (1), the mass ratio of the weathered coal to the urea is 2.0wt%, and repeating the process for 2 times after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing 300 kg of the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2), 500 kg of diammonium phosphate and 150 kg of granular potassium sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer.
Example 4:
the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables comprises the following raw materials: 250 kg of biocontrol coated urea, 450 kg of diammonium phosphate and 300 kg of granular potassium sulfate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent and the binder were prepared as in example 1, except that the Trichoderma species used was ACCC30911 and the solid culture contained 8.23X 10 conidia of Trichoderma10Per gram; the streptomycete strain adopts ACCC40018, and the solid culture contains streptomycete conidia of 2.78 × 109One per gram.
(2) Taking 300 kg of granular urea, preheating the granular urea to 68 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (1) onto the rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the urea is 0.5wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (1), the mass ratio of the weathered coal to the urea is 2.5wt%, and repeating the process for 2 times after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea.
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing 250 kg of the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2), 450 kg of diammonium phosphate and 300 kg of granular potassium sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the fertilizer for field planting of the greenhouse vegetables.
Comparative example:
ordinary urea, nitrogen content 46 wt%; diammonium phosphate containing 18wt% of nitrogen and 46wt% of phosphorus pentoxide; granular potassium sulfate containing potassium oxide 50 wt%.
The application effects of the above examples 1-4 and comparative examples are as follows:
test site: shandong province Shouguang City.
Test time: year 2011, month 10 to 2012, month 5.
Assuming a total of 5 treatments of examples 1-4 and comparative example, each treatment cell had an area of 12 square meters, the procedure was repeated three times. The fertilizer dosage of the embodiment 1-4 and the fertilizer of the comparative example are the same, and is converted into 40 kilograms of the total amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide per mu. Examples 1-4 fertilizer application methods were: when the pepper and cucumber are planted, the fertilizer is applied to the planting holes at one time. In the comparative example, the fertilizing method of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate is the same as that in the example, and urea is used for additional fertilizer after seedling returning. Other management measures are the same.
1. The application effect of the pepper is shown in table 1, and the variety to be tested is as follows: shouguang sheep horn pepper.
TABLE 1 test results for applied Capsicum annuum of examples 1-4 compared to comparative examples
| The fertilizer of the invention | Yield increase efficiency wt% | The root rot is reduced |
| Example 1 | 11.6 | 36.7 |
| Example 2 | 8.1 | 25.4 |
| Example 3 | 9.3 | 28.9 |
| Example 4 | 6.5 | 31.2 |
2. The application effect of the cucumber is shown in table 2, and the variety to be tested is as follows: jin you No. 30.
TABLE 2 comparison of applied cucumber test results of examples 1-4 with the comparative examples
| The fertilizer of the invention | Yield increase efficiency wt% | The blight is reduced% |
| Example 1 | 14.1 | 21.5 |
| Example 2 | 12.9 | 26.7 |
| Example 3 | 10.4 | 18.8 |
| Example 4 | 8.3 | 23,5 |
Claims (6)
1. The greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 250-450 parts of bio-control coated urea, 350-500 parts of diammonium phosphate and 150-300 parts of granular potassium sulfate; wherein, the biocontrol coated urea is prepared by biocontrol coating agent coated granular urea;
the biocontrol coating agent consists of weathered coal containing a biocontrol agent and a binder in a mass ratio of 3.4-9: 1; the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent is prepared from the biocontrol agent and weathered coal in a mass ratio of = 2: 8-12; the binder consists of epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.0-1.3; the amount of the biocontrol coating agent is 4-9.6 wt% of the mass of the granular urea;
the biocontrol agent is a combination of trichoderma biocontrol agent and streptomyces biocontrol agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the trichoderma biocontrol agent and the streptomyces biocontrol agent are respectively prepared by trichoderma and streptomyces through culturing and fermenting according to the prior art, namely a trichoderma solid culture and a streptomyces solid culture;
the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma viride (T.viride) or Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei), and the Streptomyces strain is selected from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Streptomyces hygrospinus).
2. The fertilizer for fixed planting of vegetables in a facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Trichoderma species is selected from Trichoderma viride ACCC31911 or Trichoderma reesei ACCC30911 from China agricultural culture Collection center.
3. The fertilizer for field planting vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein said streptomyces species is selected from streptomyces spinosus ACCC40016, ACCC40017, ACCC40018 or ACCC40019 of the chinese agricultural collection center.
4. The fertilizer for fixed planting of vegetables in facilities as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is a combination of epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine in a mass ratio of 1: 1.2.
5. The preparation method of the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of biocontrol coating agent
The trichoderma biocontrol agent is prepared according to the prior art or A and the preparation method of the trichoderma biocontrol agent, and the method comprises the following steps:
adopting PDA culture medium to prepare trichoderma oblique surface seeds according to the prior art, eluting the trichoderma oblique surface seeds with sterile water to prepare trichoderma conidium-containing 1 gamma 107Gamma 10 of gamma 2/g7Suspension of one gramThe suspension is inoculated into a sterilization liquid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 3-6wt%, and the formula of the liquid culture medium is as follows: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose and 1000 g of water; culturing at 28 deg.C and 180 rpm for 3-6 days to obtain Trichoderma seed liquid containing conidia 1 gamma 108Gamma 10 of gamma 2/g8Per gram;
mixing corn flour, rice hull and wheat bran in the mass ratio of 2 to 3 to 1 to obtain solid material, and preparing a solid culture medium according to the mass ratio of the solid material to water of 1 to 1.1. Inoculating the seed liquid into a sterilized solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 2-4wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 26-28 deg.C for 6-10 days to obtain solid culture containing conidia of Trichoderma 6 x 1010Gamma 10 of gamma/g-910Per gram; drying the trichoderma solid culture at 40-60 ℃, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the trichoderma biocontrol agent;
the streptomycete biocontrol agent is prepared according to the prior art or the scheme B and the preparation method of the streptomycete biocontrol agent comprises the following steps:
adopting PDA culture medium to prepare streptomycete slant seed according to the prior art, eluting streptomycete slant seed with sterile water to prepare streptomycete conidia-containing 1 gamma 107Gamma 10 of gamma/g-37The suspension is inoculated into a sterilized liquid culture medium according to the mass ratio of 2-5wt%, and the formula of the liquid culture medium is as follows: 20 g of soluble starch, 1 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5 g of sodium chloride, 0.01 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and pH = 7.4-7.6; culturing at 28 deg.C and 200 rpm for 2-4 days to obtain Streptomyces bacterial liquid containing conidia 1 gamma 108Gamma-4 gamma-108Per gram;
mixing rice flour, sorghum flour and rice hull in a mass ratio of = 2: 3 to obtain a solid material, and preparing a solid culture medium according to a mass ratio of the solid material to water of 1: 1.2. Inoculating the seed liquid into a sterilized solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 1-3wt% in mass ratio. Culturing at 28-30 deg.C for 8-12 days to obtain solid culture containing conidia of Streptomyces sp 2 x 109Gamma-4 gamma-109Per gram;
mixing trichoderma biocontrol agent, streptomycete biocontrol agent and weathered coal according to the proportion to obtain weathered coal containing biocontrol agent;
according to the proportion, taking epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine, and uniformly mixing to obtain a binder;
proportionally taking weathered coal containing a biocontrol agent and a binder for later use;
(2) taking granular urea with the particle size of 2-3mm as a core fertilizer, preheating to 60-70 ℃ in a rotary drum, spraying the binder prepared in the step (1) onto rotating urea granules, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the granular urea is 0.3-0.5wt%, spraying a layer of weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent prepared in the step (1), the mass ratio of the weathered coal containing the biocontrol agent to the granular urea is 1.7-2.7wt%, and repeating the process for 1-2 times after curing to obtain the biocontrol coated urea;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing diammonium phosphate and granular potassium sulfate with the biocontrol coated urea prepared in the step (2) according to the proportion to obtain the greenhouse vegetable planting fertilizer.
6. The application of the fertilizer for field planting of greenhouse vegetables as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the application method comprises the following steps: when vegetables are planted in the facility, the vegetables are applied to the planting holes or the ditches at one time and are mixed with soil to plant seedlings.
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