CN102814497B - Method and device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles - Google Patents
Method and device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102814497B CN102814497B CN201210320743.8A CN201210320743A CN102814497B CN 102814497 B CN102814497 B CN 102814497B CN 201210320743 A CN201210320743 A CN 201210320743A CN 102814497 B CN102814497 B CN 102814497B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles. The device comprises a high-speed solid phase particle generating device and an induction smelting furnace. The high-speed solid phase particle generating device comprises a focus nozzle and a pipe body. The pipe body comprises a material pipe, a conical pipe and a sealed gas reversing chamber. A stainless steel gas pipe is inserted into the pipe body in axial direction, the front end of the stainless steel gas pipe is arranged inside the conical pipe, high-pressure gas led from a high-pressure gas leading pipe passes through the gas reversing chamber and enters the stainless steel gas pipe from small vent holes on the surface of the stainless steel gas pipe, negative pressure is formed inside the conical pipe, solid powder generates high-speed solid particles fast and the high-speed solid particles are sprayed out from the nozzle. The nozzle is arranged below the induction smelting furnace and provided with a vertical inner through hole, and the lower end of a molten metal conveying guide pipe at the bottom of the induction smelting furnace penetrates out from an inner hole of the nozzle. By means of the novel spray forming technology, cooling speed of the molten metal is increased to 104.5-106 DEG C/S, and various multi-phase metastable phase composite phase materials can be directly produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reaction-injection moulding (Osprea) technical field of Metal and Alloy, particularly related to and a kind ofly with high speed solid phase particles, Metal and Alloy liquid stream has been carried out the extraordinary metallurgical technology of spray deposition, and the device of implementing this technology.
Background technology
Since 1989, S professor inger of Britain Swance university has proposed first by metal liquid in the process of aerosolization, utilize the heat that molten drop carries to be continuously deposited on certain solid matrix surface, thereby the liquid state of making, semi liquid state are dripped shape metal, with (10
3℃/sec) cooling velocity that is exceedingly fast is frozen into solid metallic and the alloy component with definite shape and density, this technology causes the attention of European and American countries for the moment.8 Nian Hou masschusetts, u.s.a Polytechnics have researched and developed a kind of porous resonant cavity type supersonic airstream ultrasonic atomizatio spray deposition technique by professor gurant, make the cooling velocity of plated metal and alloy from 10
3～10
3.5℃/sec bring up to 10
4～10
5℃/sec, meanwhile, the spray forming technology of Britain has started to practical, industrialization field development, once the production of small lot Φ 400mm, the high alloy tubing of long 6 meters, find that its malleability improves greatly, Japan has in succession built up and take the reaction-injection moulding pilot production base of high-speed steel as main high speed wire rod roller at Nigata between 1998～1999 years.
China has set up relevant ultrasonic chilling jet shaper at University of Science & Technology, Beijing's Materials Academy at first after 1996, and has researched and developed a kind of circumferential weld resonant cavity type air-flow ultrasonic atomizing nozzle, has set up again subsequently reaction-injection moulding government test chamber.The units such as Shenyang metal research institute, Beijing Non-Ferrous Metal Research General Academy, Shanghai Metallurgical Industry research institute have also carried out the relevant subject study of reaction-injection moulding in succession.Meanwhile, in National 863, natural fund and the state key research projects such as 973, offered continuously correlative study project.From aspects such as reaction-injection moulding principle, freezing mechanism, alloy microstructure feature, forming technology, Mathematical model controls, do a lot of work.But the alloy of domestic research focuses mostly at low melting point and non-ferrous alloy, as alloys such as Al, Al-Cu, Al-Zn, Al-Si, Cu-Sn-Zn.
Yet there is following shortcoming in prior art:
1) the atomizer gas vent speed lower (being generally 200 meter per seconds) adopting, only have guran t professor's (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) the nozzle of annular distance resonant cavity type and the Wu Chengyi of University of Science & Technology, Beijing professor's circumferential weld resonant cavity type nozzle can surpass the mach one velocity of sound (reaching as high as 2.5 Mach), therefore limited to the dispersion of metal liquid, acceleration cooling and drop;
2) the structure &processes performance of existing nozzle cannot meet the requirement of the deposit alloy material day by day improving;
3) form of reaction-injection moulding is single, is confined to the gas reaction-injection moulding of various Metal and Alloys.Never consider huge kinetic energy and the tremendous influence of chilling effect to stage of spray forming process of solid phase particles.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve one of above-mentioned technological deficiency.A kind of extraordinary metallurgical technology of spray deposition that Metal and Alloy liquid stream carried out with high speed solid phase particles is provided especially, provides a kind of brand-new with splendid cooling rate (10
4.5～10
6℃/S), splendid high temperature moment complex phase mixed media, high energy impacts deposition formation fast, and the rapid quench processing of alloy etc.These are extraordinary metallurgy conditions of excellence comprehensively, make technology of the present invention and device can prepare two-phase and the heterogeneous composite material of various metals and solid-state hard phase or directly prepare and have special appearance form, the parts of dimensional requirement.The alloy of the metal of same composition or heterogeneity can be pressed again to solid-liquid two-phase role preparation, be prepared into heterogeneous pseudo-alloy.This special metallurgical technology provided by the invention and material preparation method, the new phenomenon in research, developing new technology and announcement materialogy, provides new particular surroundings and condition.
First object of the present invention is to propose a kind of high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device, it is characterized in that, described high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device utilizes high speed solid phase particles to carry out jet deposition to molten metal, comprise high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and for holding the induction melting furnace (7) of molten metal, described high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises nozzle (6) and the body of focus type, described body comprises material pipe (3), be positioned at the anterior conical pipe (4) of described material pipe (3), and the gas commutation chamber (2) that is positioned at the sealing of described material pipe (3) afterbody, described material pipe (3) top is provided with the filler bin (8) of input solid state powder, top, described gas commutation chamber (2) is provided with the high pressure gas inlet tube (9) of introducing gases at high pressure, described body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae (10), described stainless steel tracheae (10) front end is positioned at described conical pipe (4) inside, rear end is connected with motor (1), described stainless steel tracheae (10) outer surface that is positioned at described material pipe (3) is provided with the spirality pusher blade that pushes solid state powder, and described stainless steel tracheae (10) surface that is positioned at described gas commutation chamber (2) has small ventilating holes,
Described nozzle (6) is positioned under induction melting furnace (7), the endoporus with a up/down perforation, there is a ring-type cylinder equal pressure chamber (15) coaxial with described endoporus described nozzle (6) inside, described conical pipe (4) tip is connected with particle flux conduit (11), and described particle flux conduit (11) is inserted into described equal pressure chamber (15) from nozzle side;
Described induction melting furnace (7) bottom is provided with molten metal delivery conduit (17);
Described molten metal delivery conduit (17) lower end passes from the endoporus of described nozzle (6).
Preferably, the described gases at high pressure that described high pressure gas inlet tube (9) is introduced are inert gases.
Preferably, the spout of described nozzle (6) is the tapered annular seam of and up/down perforation coaxial with described endoporus, the ring-type entrance of described spout is positioned at equal pressure chamber lower surface, and ring-type outlet is positioned at described nozzle (6) lower surface, and in described ring-type outlet, outer radius is less than respectively outer radius in ring-type entrance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of jet deposition alloy that utilizes high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device to prepare; it is characterized in that; described molten metal is elemental metals liquid or aluminium alloy, described high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with described elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
Preferably, described carbide is wherein any of WC, Ti C, VC, S i C, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or WC-TiC solid-solution powder; Described oxide is Al
2o
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2o
3, CrO
2, Nb
2o
3, HfO
2wherein any; Described nitride is wherein any of S iN, BN, Ti N.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of method of high speed solid phase particles injection molding, it is characterized in that, the method for described injection molding comprises the following steps:
1, motor (1) drives stainless steel tracheae (10) axial-rotation;
2, from filler bin (8), to material pipe (3), add solid state powder, the spirality pusher blade that described solid state powder is installed by described stainless steel tracheae (10) surface is pushed in conical pipe (4);
3, the gases at high pressure that are incorporated in gas commutation chamber (2) from high pressure gas inlet tube (9) enter stainless steel tracheae (10) inside by the surperficial aperture of described stainless steel tracheae (10), and eject from stainless steel tracheae (10) front end, the gases at high pressure that eject locate to form negative pressure field at conical pipe (4), described solid state powder in described conical pipe (4) is accelerated, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
4, described high speed solid phase particles stream enters equal pressure chamber (15) by particle flux conduit (11), after all pressing, nozzle by focus type sprays downwards, and the high speed solid phase particles of ejection comes together in and converges focal point F, and molten metal delivery conduit (10) outlet at bottom position H is positioned at and converges focal point F top.
Preferably, the convergence angle α scope that converges focal point F described in is 25～40 °.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 2, determine the optimum position of Nozzle Parameter and molten metal delivery conduit outlet;
Step 3, arrange by the melting mode of smelting metal liquid, and according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount, determine volume and the height of crucible.
Wherein, in step 2, the step of the optimum position of definite described molten metal delivery conduit outlet comprises:
1), the lower end of surveying negative tube (20) is passed and fixed from induction melting furnace bottom, wherein, the height that converges focal point F that described survey negative tube exports to nozzle is H ';
2), by the gases at high pressure of particle flux conduit (11) input constant pressure, measure the now pressure of described survey negative tube;
3), adjust the height H that described survey negative tube converges focal point F described in exporting to ', keep the described gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, obtain surveying accordingly the pressure of negative tube;
4), repeating step 3), select the height H of the pressure maximum that makes to survey negative tube ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet height H.
Preferably, step 1 specifically comprises:
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed and jet deposition alloying component to be prepared, determines motor types;
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spirality pusher blade;
Step 1.3 is according to the rotating speed of flow set motor and the pressure of gases at high pressure of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection.
Preferably, described in step 2, the step of definite Nozzle Parameter comprises:
Step 2.1, according to the internal-and external diameter d1 of jet deposition Speed Setting molten metal delivery conduit (17), d2;
Step 2.2, the outside diameter d based on described molten metal delivery conduit (17) 2 are determined the parameter of nozzle;
In step 2, after the optimum position of determining Nozzle Parameter and the outlet of molten metal delivery conduit, also there are following steps:
Step 2.3, in the situation that not adding high speed solid phase particles by the metal molten in induction melting furnace, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement molten metal flow quantity value;
Step 2.4, add after high speed solid phase particles, by the metal molten in sense melt furnace, obtain jet deposition alloy sample;
Step 2.5, the jet deposition alloy sample of diverse location is carried out to constituent analysis, determine solid phase particles content, and each parameter of jet deposition is revised.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution used in the present invention compared with prior art possesses following advantage:
1. break in the past spray forming technology over 23 years and be confined to gas atomization as the deadlock on reaction-injection moulding basis, opened up a kind of frontier of novel spray forming technology.
2. technology provided by the invention can further bring up to 10 by the cooling velocity of molten drop
4.5～10
6℃/S.
3. prevent that in sense melt furnace, high-temperature liquid metal stream is regurgitated.
4. can directly produce the compound phase material of various heterogeneous metastable phases, as steel/(tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide ...), Al/(S i, S i O2, S i C, Cu, Ti), Ti/ (Al
2o
3, Ti N, VC ...) etc.
5. can produce various density gradients, component gradient, magnetic gradient, hardness gradient, various voltinisms, physical property functionally gradient material (FGM).
6. can produce the artistic products such as embossment, mezzo relievo.
7. device structure of the present invention is independent, and stable performance is easily promoted the use of, and is applicable to medium-sized and small enterprises investment and production.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments and obviously and easily understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of specific embodiment of the invention high speed solid phase particles jet shaper;
Fig. 2 carries out schematic diagram prepared by high speed solid phase particles jet shaper in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the jet exit part enlarged drawing of high speed solid phase particles jet shaper of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
With reference to description and accompanying drawing below, these and other aspects of embodiments of the invention will be known.These describe and accompanying drawing in, specifically disclose some specific implementations in embodiments of the invention, represent to implement some modes of the principle of embodiments of the invention, still should be appreciated that the scope of embodiments of the invention is not limited.On the contrary, embodiments of the invention comprise spirit and all changes within the scope of intension, modification and the equivalent that falls into additional claims.
Below with reference to Figure of description, describe high speed solid phase particles jet shaper of the present invention, method, prepare the method for this high speed solid phase particles jet shaper, and the jet deposition alloy that utilizes this high speed solid phase particles jet shaper to prepare.
Specific embodiment one
The present embodiment provides a kind of high speed solid phase particles jet shaper.As shown in Figure 1, high speed solid phase particles jet shaper comprises: high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and the induction melting furnace that holds molten metal.
High speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises: motor 1; Gas commutation chamber 2; Material pipe 3; Conical pipe 4; Solid liquid phase granular deposit 5; Nozzle 6; Induction melting furnace 7; Filler bin 8; High pressure gas inlet tube 9; Stainless steel tracheae 10.
As shown in Figure 2, induction melting furnace comprises: at the bottom of melting kettle 16; Molten metal delivery conduit 17; High (in) frequency induction coil 23; Graphite crucible 25; Wherein, high (in) frequently induction coil 23 be positioned at graphite crucible outside, for the insulation of induction melting furnace inner metal liquid stream, and the insulation of crucible and induction coil, at graphite crucible 25 skins, can be coated with last layer (MgO+MgCl
6) self-solidifying refractory material heat-insulation layer (thickness 8～12mm) oven dry, form melting kettle magnesia layer 24.
For the ease of (intermediate frequency) power supply, connect, in induction melting furnace, all parts can be arranged on a movably chassis.
The body portion of high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises material pipe 3, is positioned at the conical pipe 4 of material pipe 3 front portions, and the gas commutation chamber 2 that is positioned at the sealing of material pipe 3 afterbodys; Material pipe top is provided with the filler bin 8 of input solid state powder; Gas commutation 2 tops, chamber are provided with the high pressure gas inlet tube 9 of introducing gases at high pressure; Body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae 10, described stainless steel tracheae 10 front ends are positioned at described conical pipe 4 inside, tail end stretches out body and is connected with motor 1, stainless steel tracheae 10 outer surfaces that are positioned at material pipe are provided with the spirality pusher blade that solid state powder is pushed to conical pipe 4, and stainless steel tracheae 10 surfaces that are positioned at gas commutation chamber 2 have small ventilating holes;
Described induction melting furnace 7 bottoms are provided with molten metal delivery conduit 17;
Described molten metal delivery conduit 17 lower ends pass from the endoporus of described nozzle 6.
In order to make the high speed solid phase particles stream that high speed solid phase particles generating means produces reach fully and effectively mix with the metal flow of carrying in molten metal delivery conduit, can utilize suction function, adopt focus type nozzle 6 that high speed solid phase particles stream is accumulated to a kind of (high-energy particle flow) atomization cone 13 that spatially has certain certain angle alpha (α=25～40 °), and have the fixing focal point F (mm) that converges.And the inner chamber of this cone is jet flow negative pressure district (negative pressure field), as Fig. 2.Metal liquid stream under suction function in induction melting furnace very successfully enters the center of atomization cone, and under the effect of negative pressure jet, is pulverized by force and carry out the mandatory of mechanical physics with solid phase particles and mix rapidly through the focus of atomization cone simultaneously.
Preferably, the spout of focus type nozzle 6 can be tapered annular seam 14(or annular distance), described tapered annular seam is coaxial and up/down perforation with endoporus, the entrance of tapered annular seam is the large annular coaxial with endoporus that is positioned at equal pressure chamber 15 lower surfaces, outlet is the little annular coaxial with endoporus that is positioned at nozzle 6 lower surfaces, and in outlet, outer radius is all less than outer radius in entrance (described tapered annular seam can be understood as the gap that contour round platform socket that two bottom surfaces vary in size forms).High speed solid phase particles stream is downwards and is collected shape and spray by described tapered annular seam.
Further, the gases at high pressure that accelerate in order to solid phase particles of introducing from high pressure gas inlet tube 9 must consider at high temperature whether metal liquid stream and solid phase particles are produced to harmful chemical reaction (as oxidation, nitrogenize etc.), otherwise must use the inert gases such as Ar, He.
Further, in order to guarantee that the powder in filler bin 8 can fall in feeding pipe smoothly, in the center of feed bin, can increase a vertical mixing shift fork, can eliminate the make somebody a mere figurehead-arch bridge effect of powder.
Specific embodiment two
The present embodiment provides a kind of high speed solid phase particles jet shaper that utilizes specific embodiment one to carry out the method for high speed solid phase particles injection molding.
The working method of described high speed solid phase particles injection molding is as follows:
Step 1, motor 1 drives stainless steel tracheae 10 axial-rotations;
Step 2, adds solid state powder from filler bin 8 to material pipe 3, and the spiral pusher blade that described solid state powder is installed by stainless steel gas tube-surface is pushed in conical pipe 4;
Step 3, from high pressure gas inlet tube 9, be incorporated into gases at high pressure in gas commutation chamber 2 aperture by described stainless steel tracheae 10 surfaces and enter stainless steel tracheae 10 inside, and eject from stainless steel tracheae 10 front ends, the gases at high pressure that eject form negative pressure field at conical pipe 4 places, solid state powder in described conical pipe 4 is accelerated, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
Step 4, described high speed solid phase particles stream enters equal pressure chamber 15 by particle flux conduit 11, after all pressing, by focus type nozzle, sprays downwards, the high speed solid phase particles of ejection comes together in and converges focal point F, and molten metal delivery conduit 10 exit position H are positioned at and converge focal point F top.
The operation principle of high speed solid phase particles injection molding is as follows:
First, by suction function, obtaining high speed solid phase particles flows.
Motor 1 is used for driving the stainless steel tracheae 10 of a section longer ceaselessly to rotate.Below high pressure gas inlet tube 9, be provided with a gas commutation chamber 2.Enter the gases at high pressure in commutation chamber 2, at stainless steel tracheae 10, gyrate in process, by the lip-deep aperture of stainless steel tracheae 10, enter in stainless steel tracheae 10 and eject left.At conical pipe 4 places, high velocity air forms jet (negative pressure).At the skin of stainless steel tracheae 10, be welded with spirality pusher blade.From the solid state powder falling in filler bin 8, by spiral pusher blade, in the 3 interior rotations of material pipe, constantly solid state powder is pushed to conical pipe 4 places.Due to jet (negative pressure) effect that high velocity air forms at conical pipe 4 places, solid granulates is accelerated to obtain high speed solid phase particles stream within the extremely short time.
Secondly, by suction function, reach fully mixing of high speed solid phase particles and metal liquid stream.
Adopt focus type nozzle 6 that high speed solid phase particles stream is accumulated to a kind of (high-energy particle flow) atomization cone 13 that spatially has certain certain angle alpha (α=25～40 °), and there is a fixing focal point F (mm) that converges, and the inner chamber of this cone is jet flow negative pressure district (negative pressure field), as Fig. 2.Metal liquid stream under suction function in induction melting furnace very successfully enters the center of atomization cone, and under the effect of negative pressure jet, rapidly through the focus of atomization cone, pulverized by force and carry out the mandatory of mechanical physics with solid phase particles and mix, this rapid mixing is again for a series of chemistry subsequently, physical reactions, metallography phase transformation etc. provide splendid convenience simultaneously.Under the extremely of short duration condition of this thermal extremes, between metal and solid phase particles, will there is very novel variation.
Specific embodiment three
The preparation method of the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment in specific embodiment one is as follows:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed and jet deposition alloying component to be prepared, determines engine type.
According to jet deposition speed and jet deposition alloying component to be prepared (composition that needs the metal of preparation and the composite of solid phase particles), obtain the feed speed of required high speed solid phase particles, according to this feed speed, setting meets the powder puopulsion equipment of this specification requirement, i.e. motor.
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spiral pusher blade.
Spiral pusher blade lean angle is being related to the speed that the solid state powder in material pipe 3 is advanced to conical pipe, and angle is larger, and fltting speed is slower, and angle is less, and fltting speed is faster.In order to guarantee that powder advances to material pipe front end effectively, should reduce the angle of inclination of spiral pusher blade as far as possible.
Step 1.3, according to the rotating speed of flow set motor and the pressure of gases at high pressure of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection.Be specially: at certain motor speed, accurate measurement from the flow (speed g/min) of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection under certain gases at high pressure pressure, repeated multiple times in certain error range, finally determine the most rational motor speed n, the pressure P of gases at high pressure.
Step 2, determines the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export.
Step 2.1, the internal-and external diameter d1 of setting molten metal delivery conduit, d2;
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, first determine the size of metal liquid stream conduit diameter d.The internal diameter of molten metal delivery conduit should design and select earthenware 17(to see in accompanying drawing 2 17 by d >=4～10mm when jet deposition speed very large (>=5～10 ㎏/min)).When metal liquid stream diameter too small (d < 0.5～2mm), because the surface tension of metal liquid is very large (as Sn; σ=540～560 dyne/cm.Al; σ=865～915 dyne/cm.Cu; σ=130～135 dyne/cm.Zn; σ=774～824 dyne/cm.) metal liquid stream cannot rely on gravity automatically to flow out from liquid conduit.Otherwise need to above metal bath surface, apply enough air pressure, just can make metal liquid stream from liquid conduit, flow out (actual in extruding).After metal liquid stream diameter d is determined, should immediately determine pottery (pure Al
2o
3) pipe 17 inner diameter d
1and outside diameter d
2. general inner diameter d
1be metal liquid stream diameter.Earthenware outside diameter d
2be determined by earthenware wall thickness, general wall thickness is B=1～5mm.Actual should be from the viewpoint of being incubated adiabatic and anxious heat cracked two.General more options wall thickness is B=1～2mm.
Step 2.2, determines and specifically comprises the parameter of nozzle: the minimum diameter D of nozzle endoporus R, circumferential weld outlet, circumferential weld width, spray angle α, all pressure chamber internal diameter M, external diameter N, high L.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, in earthenware outside diameter d
2after determining, the diameter of bore R of nozzle 6 can determine.Be generally R >=1.3d2.The minimum diameter of the circumferential weld of nozzle (or annular distance) outlet 14 is D=(1.2～1.5) R.Circumferential weld width (inside and outside semidiameter) increases and strengthens with solid phase particles diameter and flow, is generally 0.8～3mm.After α jet angle is selected (α=25～40 °), all press the inside and outside footpath in chamber (chamber) to determine, general equal pressure chamber internal diameter M >=1.2D, all pressure chamber external diameter N >=3.5D, all high L >=0.75D of pressure chamber.According to above-mentioned data, can design the basic size of nozzle.With due regard to processing technology and assembly relation etc. in nozzle arrangements design.
Step 2.3, determines the optimum position that molten metal delivery conduit exports.
Due to metal liquid stream during from the interior outflow of high melt crucible 25, must flow out and continuously be sent in the jet flow negative pressure district of atomization cone 13 through adiabatic earthenware (metal liquid stream conduit) 17, could continuously make metal liquid stream and high-velocity particles stream complete a series of atomization and pulverize, heterogeneous mixing and deposition process.But because of the volume in jet flow negative pressure district very little, and the diameter of metal liquid stream conduit is larger, the position H(height mm of its outlet) slight distance and between focal point F changes all will significantly affect the negative pressure value in metal liquid stream conduit, and this negative pressure value has very crucial effect to the success or failure of whole Models of Spray Deposition, it is special when negative pressure value becomes malleation value, high-temperature liquid metal stream will there will be to be regurgitated, and this is extremely dangerous situation.
The present invention designs to adopt with lower member and forms the mensuration that a kind of simple and practical negative pressure assay device carries out molten metal delivery conduit exit position, as shown in Figure 2, comprise and survey negative tube 20, rubber gasket 18, forcing pipe 19, lucite pipe 21, lucite pipe 21 is socketed with survey negative tube 20 tops, injected water in lucite pipe 21, form the water column 22 of measuring pressure, described survey negative tube lower end is by passing for the induction melting furnace bottom through-hole of molten metal delivery conduit is installed.
Step 2.3, comprises the following steps:
2.3.1, will survey negative tube (20) lower end and pass and fix from induction melting furnace (7) bottom, the height that converges focal point F that described survey negative tube (20) exports to focus type nozzle is H ';
2.3.2, the gases at high pressure by particle flux conduit (11) input constant pressure, obtain the pressure of now surveying negative tube;
2.3.3, adjust survey negative tube and export to the height H that converges focal point F ', keep the described gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, obtain surveying accordingly the pressure of negative tube;
2.3.4, repeating step 2.3.3, selects the height H of the pressure maximum that makes to survey negative tube ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet.
Concrete mensuration mode is: the lower end of surveying negative tube 20 is fixed on to a certain outlet height H tightly with rubber gasket 18 ', subsequently by forcing pipe 19, with the tight rubber gasket 18 of hand, in particle flux conduit 11, only pass into the working gas (gases at high pressure) of constant pressure simultaneously, measure negative tube pressure, at this, utilize water column pressure reduction △ P to represent to survey negative tube pressure.Observe the water column 22 in lucite pipe 21, record water column pressure reduction △ P, then close working gas, measure immediately H ' highly, draw one group of H '-△ P data.Then change H ' highly, keep gas pressure intensity constant, constantly measure different H '-△ P data relationship, finally select the optimum position that one group of H ' value corresponding to △ P maximum is molten metal delivery conduit outlet height H, and immediately use self-solidifying refractory cement fixing metal liquid delivery conduit exit position.
Conventionally when the negative pressure value △ of water column P>500mm, be the best accurate position of molten metal delivery conduit outlet.
Step 2.4, the mensuration of simple metal flow quantity:
By after metal molten, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement simple metal flow quantity value (㎏/min), now, in gas, do not add solid phase particles.Meanwhile to repeatedly confirm that molten metal delivery conduit exit position H value is constant, to prevent from occurring in actual mechanical process the change of exit position H value, bring adverse consequences.
Step 2.5, the mensuration of molten metal flow while adding solid phase particles:
Add solid phase particles, adjusting after the parameters such as the strong and motor speed of the air pressure of high pressure gas, by the metal molten in sense melt furnace, adding the jet deposition alloy sample preparation of solid phase particles, then to sample diverse location sample analysis.
Step 2.6, solid phase particles constituent analysis:
Jet deposition alloy sample to diverse location carries out constituent analysis, determines solid phase particles content to each parameter of jet deposition is revised.
Step 3, prepares smelting equipment
Step 3.1, determines by smelting metal liquid melting mode.
Mainly according to by the characteristic of smelting metal as fusing point, oxidation resistance, anti-nitrogenize ability, anti-carbonization ability, ferromagnetism etc., select the heat fused mode of metal, as resistance melting heating, high, medium and low frequency eddy-current heating etc.
Step 3.2, according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount, determines the parameter of crucible.Comprise crucible volume, crucible height.
Crucible volume V >=maximum melting amount/by the density of smelting metal liquid;
Crucible height W>=crucible volume/[π (crucible internal diameter/2)
2];
Specific embodiment four
Prepare 20 ㎏, the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment of Sn-10%SiC alloy.Jet deposition speed be 1～1.5 ㎏/minute, the Sn aluminium alloy that maximum melting amount is 20 ㎏.Sn fusing point is 232 ℃, and solid phase particles is S i C powder 2 ㎏, and average grain diameter is 2,5 μ m.Adopt 0.8～1MPa pressure N
2gas is the gases at high pressure that particle accelerates, and its preparation method is as follows:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 1.1 is 100～150g/min according to the feed speed of deposition velocity (1～1.5 ㎏/min) and the known high speed solid phase particles SiC powder of alloying component (Sn-10%S i C).Obviously this speed is very small, for reach and can be stable meet this specification requirement, can adopt motor adjustment low speed and electrodeless variable-speed to reach the feed speed of powder.
Step 1.2, sets spirality pusher blade angle of inclination and is less than 15 °, and blade diameter is between 15～20mm.In addition, the external diameter of stainless steel tracheae 10 is 10mm, and internal diameter is 7mm.
Step 1.3, at certain motor speed, certain N
2accurate measurement from the S i C flow (speed g/mi n) of nozzle ejection under air pressure, 5 times repeatedly, error < ± 5%, finally determines the most rational motor speed n, N
2the strong P of air pressure.
Step 2, determines the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export
Step 2.1, in the present embodiment because of emitted dose little (1～1.5 ㎏/min), therefore liquid flow diameter is designed to d=5mm.Pottery (pure Al
2o
3) pipe 17 inner diameter d
1be metal liquid stream diameter, d
1=d.Earthenware wall thickness B=1.5mm, therefore earthenware 17 diameters are d
1=5mm, d2=8mm.
Step 2.2, in the present embodiment, nozzle bore design is R=1.3d
2=1.3 * 8=10.4mm.The minimum diameter of the circumferential weld of nozzle (or annular distance) gas outlet 14 is D=1.2R=1.2 * 10.4=12.48mm.Circumferential weld width is got 1mm.Equal pressure chamber internal diameter M >=1.2D=14.976mm ≈ 15mm, all pressure chamber external diameter N >=3.5D=43.68mm, all high L >=0.75D=9.36mm of pressure chamber.
Step 2.3-step 2.6 is consistent with specific embodiment three, at this, tired, does not state.
Step 3, prepares smelting equipment
Step 3.1, in the present embodiment, because Sn metal does not have ferromagnetism, directly eddy-current heating, therefore take to respond to heat release indirectly by the method for Sn fusing with graphite crucible, is shown in 25 in accompanying drawing 2.Because the fusing point of Sn very low (231.9 ℃).Also can adopt simple resistance furnace heat fused.
Step 3.2, considers that the density of tin when 600 ℃ of overtemperatures is 6.71g/cm
3with maximum melting amount 20 ㎏, therefore the cavity volume of crucible is necessary
when graphite crucible internal diameter Φ=130mm, the height of crucible
the graphite crucible of actual design is internal diameter Φ=130mm, height W=30cm, wall thickness 10mm.The fusing amount of this crucible can increase by 25%, uses fashion material more convenient.
Specific embodiment five
Prepare a 10kg, Al-10%S i(quality) the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment of alloy.Jet deposition speed is (2～2.5 ㎏/minute), and maximum melting amount is 10 kilograms of aluminium liquid.Solid phase particles is spherical silicon powder, and average grain diameter is 2.5 μ m.Adopting pressure is the N of (0.8～1MPa)
2gas is the gases at high pressure that particle accelerates, and its preparation method and step are as follows:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
According to deposition velocity (2～2.5 ㎏/minute), and alloying component Al-10%S i(quality) known, the feed speed of high speed solid phase particles (S i) powder is (200～250g/ divides), this speed is than slightly increasing in example four, but the preparation of high speed solid phase particles generator is identical with embodiment tetra-, just, when actual measurement and use, by parameter adjustment, can reach preparation requirement.Therefore, in the present embodiment, step 1.1-1.3 is identical with embodiment tetra-step 1.1-1.3;
Step 2, determines the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export;
Step 2.1-step 2.6 is consistent with specific embodiment four, at this, tired, does not state.
Step 3, smelting system design
Step 3.1, takes the method indirectly Al being melted with graphite crucible induction heat release or adopts simple resistance furnace heat fused.
Step 3.2, the density of Al is (during 660.1 ℃ of fusing points) d=2.37 gram/cm
3, d=2.31 gram/cm in the time of 900 ℃
3.Therefore the maximum volume of crucible is necessary
when black-fead crucible is designed to internal diameter=150mm, crucible height
Actual design height W=30cm, wall thickness 10mm.
Utilize the high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device preparation of the specific embodiment of the invention one directly to prepare and there is special appearance form, the parts of dimensional requirement, and can prepare two-phase and the heterogeneous composite material of various metals and solid-state hard phase, the alloy of the metal of same composition or heterogeneity can be pressed to solid-liquid two-phase role preparation, be prepared into heterogeneous pseudo-alloy.
Preferably, in induction melting furnace, molten metal is elemental metals liquid or aluminium alloy, described high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with described elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
Further, described carbide is wherein any of WC, TiC, VC, SiC, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or WC-TiC solid-solution powder, and described oxide is Al
2o
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2o
3, CrO
2, Nb
2o
3, HfO
2wherein any, described nitride is wherein any of SiN, BN, TiN.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit.
Claims (10)
1. a high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device, it is characterized in that, described high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device utilizes high speed solid phase particles to carry out jet deposition to molten metal, comprise high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and for holding the induction melting furnace (7) of molten metal, described high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises nozzle (6) and the body of focus type, described body comprises material pipe (3), be positioned at the anterior conical pipe (4) of described material pipe (3), and the gas commutation chamber (2) that is positioned at the sealing of described material pipe (3) afterbody; Described material pipe (3) top is provided with the filler bin (8) of input solid state powder; Top, described gas commutation chamber (2) is provided with the high pressure gas inlet tube (9) of introducing gases at high pressure; Described body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae (10), described stainless steel tracheae (10) front end is positioned at described conical pipe (4) inside, rear end is connected with motor (1), described stainless steel tracheae (10) outer surface that is positioned at described material pipe (3) is provided with the spirality pusher blade that pushes solid state powder, and described stainless steel tracheae (10) surface that is positioned at described gas commutation chamber (2) has small ventilating holes;
Described nozzle (6) is positioned under induction melting furnace (7), the endoporus with a up/down perforation, there is a ring-type cylinder equal pressure chamber (15) coaxial with described endoporus described nozzle (6) inside, described conical pipe (4) tip is connected with particle flux conduit (11), and described particle flux conduit (11) is inserted into described equal pressure chamber (15) from nozzle side;
Described induction melting furnace (7) bottom is provided with molten metal delivery conduit (17);
Described molten metal delivery conduit (17) lower end passes from the endoporus of described nozzle (6).
2. high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device preparation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described gases at high pressure that described high pressure gas inlet tube (9) is introduced are inert gases.
3. high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device preparation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
The spout of described nozzle (6) is the tapered annular seam of and up/down perforation coaxial with described endoporus, the ring-type entrance of described spout is positioned at equal pressure chamber lower surface, ring-type outlet is positioned at described nozzle (6) lower surface, and in described ring-type outlet, outer radius is less than respectively outer radius in ring-type entrance.
4. the jet deposition alloy that utilizes the high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device as described in claim 1-3 any one to prepare; it is characterized in that; described molten metal is elemental metals liquid or aluminium alloy, described high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with described elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
5. the jet deposition alloy that utilizes high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device to prepare as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described carbide is wherein any of WC, TiC, VC, SiC, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or WC-TiC solid-solution powder; Described oxide is Al
2o
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2o
3, CrO
2, Nb
2o
3, HfO
2wherein any; Described nitride is wherein any of SiN, BN, TiN.
6. an injection molding method for the high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device of utilization as described in claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that, described injection molding method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, motor (1) drive stainless steel tracheae (10) axial-rotation;
Step 2, from filler bin (8), to material pipe (3), add solid state powder, described solid state powder is pushed in conical pipe (4) by the spirality pusher blade of described stainless steel tracheae (10) surface installation;
Step 3, the gases at high pressure that are incorporated in gas commutation chamber (2) from high pressure gas inlet tube (9) enter stainless steel tracheae (10) inside by the surperficial aperture of described stainless steel tracheae (10), and eject from stainless steel tracheae (10) front end, the gases at high pressure that eject locate to form negative pressure field at conical pipe (4), described solid state powder in described conical pipe (4) is accelerated, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
Step 4, described high speed solid phase particles stream enter equal pressure chamber (15) by particle flux conduit (11), after all pressing, nozzle (6) by focus type sprays downwards, the high speed solid phase particles of ejection comes together in and converges focal point F, and molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet at bottom position H is positioned at and converges focal point F top.
7. injection molding method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described in converge focal point F convergence angle α scope be 25～40 °.
8. the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 2, determine the optimum position of Nozzle Parameter and molten metal delivery conduit outlet;
Step 3, arrange by the melting mode of smelting metal liquid, and according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount, determine volume and the height of crucible;
Wherein, in step 2, the step of the optimum position of definite described molten metal delivery conduit outlet comprises:
1), will survey negative tube (20) lower end and pass and fix from induction melting furnace (7) bottom, wherein, the height that converges focal point F that described survey negative tube (20) exports to nozzle (6) is H ';
2), by the gases at high pressure of particle flux conduit (11) input constant pressure, measure the now pressure of described survey negative tube;
3), adjust the height H that described survey negative tube converges focal point F described in exporting to ', keep the described gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, obtain surveying accordingly the pressure of negative tube;
4), repeating step 3), select the height H of the pressure maximum that makes to survey negative tube ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet height H.
9. the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, step 1 specifically comprises:
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed and jet deposition alloying component to be prepared, determines motor types;
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spirality pusher blade;
Step 1.3 is according to the rotating speed of motor and the pressure of gases at high pressure described in the flow set of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection.
10. the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles spraying forming device as claimed in claim 8 or 9, is characterized in that, determines that the step of Nozzle Parameter comprises described in step 2:
The internal-and external diameter d1 of step 2.1, setting molten metal delivery conduit (17), d2;
Step 2.2, the outside diameter d based on described molten metal delivery conduit (17) 2 are determined the parameter of nozzle;
In step 2, after the optimum position of determining Nozzle Parameter and the outlet of molten metal delivery conduit, also there are following steps:
Step 2.3, in the situation that not adding high speed solid phase particles by the metal molten in induction melting furnace, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement molten metal flow quantity value;
Step 2.4, add after high speed solid phase particles, by the metal molten in sense melt furnace, obtain jet deposition alloy sample;
Step 2.5, the jet deposition alloy sample of diverse location is carried out to constituent analysis, determine solid phase particles content, and each parameter of jet deposition is revised;
Wherein, in step 2.1, the inner diameter d 1 of molten metal delivery conduit (17) is metal liquid stream diameter, and molten metal delivery conduit (17) wall thickness is B=1～5mm;
In step 2.2, the diameter of bore R >=1.3d2 of nozzle; The minimum diameter of the ring-type seam outlet of nozzle is D=(1.2～1.5) R; Ring-type seam width is 0.8～3mm; Jet angle α=25～40 °; Equal pressure chamber internal diameter M >=1.2D, all pressure chamber external diameter N >=3.5D, all high L >=0.75D of pressure chamber.
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| CN201210320743.8A CN102814497B (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2012-08-31 | Method and device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles |
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| CN106148741A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-11-23 | 亚太水处理(天长)有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the aerator bearing outside self-lubricating abrasion-proof material that floats |
| TWI660789B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-06-01 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Particle forming apparatus with the nozzle and particle forming method |
| CN111390174B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-05-03 | 广东明路电力电子有限公司 | 3D printing metal spraying equipment, 3D printing device and control method thereof |
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| GB8507647D0 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1985-05-01 | Osprey Metals Ltd | Manufacturing metal products |
| JPS6418560A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-01-23 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries | Spray deposit equipment |
| JPH04266475A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of composite material |
| US6746225B1 (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 2004-06-08 | Bechtel Bwtx Idaho, Llc | Rapid solidification processing system for producing molds, dies and related tooling |
| CN202317021U (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-07-11 | 西北工业大学 | Device for manufacturing alloy-metal-based parts by spray forming |
| CN102528035B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-06-11 | 西北工业大学 | System and method for forming disk part by performing two-stage atomizing and spraying |
| CN202701380U (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-30 | 北京科技大学 | Fast solid particle spray forming device |
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