CN102814497A - Method and device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles - Google Patents
Method and device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN102814497A CN102814497A CN2012103207438A CN201210320743A CN102814497A CN 102814497 A CN102814497 A CN 102814497A CN 2012103207438 A CN2012103207438 A CN 2012103207438A CN 201210320743 A CN201210320743 A CN 201210320743A CN 102814497 A CN102814497 A CN 102814497A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for spray forming of high-speed solid phase particles. The device comprises a high-speed solid phase particle generating device and an induction smelting furnace. The high-speed solid phase particle generating device comprises a focus nozzle and a pipe body. The pipe body comprises a material pipe, a conical pipe and a sealed gas reversing chamber. A stainless steel gas pipe is inserted into the pipe body in axial direction, the front end of the stainless steel gas pipe is arranged inside the conical pipe, high-pressure gas led from a high-pressure gas leading pipe passes through the gas reversing chamber and enters the stainless steel gas pipe from small vent holes on the surface of the stainless steel gas pipe, negative pressure is formed inside the conical pipe, solid powder generates high-speed solid particles fast and the high-speed solid particles are sprayed out from the nozzle. The nozzle is arranged below the induction smelting furnace and provided with a vertical inner through hole, and the lower end of a molten metal conveying guide pipe at the bottom of the induction smelting furnace penetrates out from an inner hole of the nozzle. By means of the novel spray forming technology, cooling speed of the molten metal is increased to 104.5-106 DEG C/S, and various multi-phase metastable phase composite phase materials can be directly produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reaction-injection moulding (Osprea) technical field of Metal and Alloy, particularly related to and a kind ofly the Metal and Alloy flow has been carried out the extraordinary metallurgical technology of spray deposition and the device of implementing this technology with the high speed solid phase particles.
Background technology
Since 1989; S professor inger of Britain Swance university has proposed metal liquid first in the process of aerosolization; The heat that utilizes molten drop to carry continuously is deposited on certain solid matrix surface, thereby the liquid state of making, semi liquid state are dripped the shape metal, with (10
3℃/second) cooling velocity that is exceedingly fast is frozen into solid metallic and the alloy component with definite shape and density, and this technology causes attention of European and American countries for the moment.Polytechnics has researched and developed a kind of porous resonant cavity type supersonic airstream ultrasonic atomizatio spray deposition technique by professor gurant in the masschusetts, u.s.a after 8 years, and the cooling velocity that makes plated metal and alloy is from 10
3～10
3.5℃/second bring up to 10
4～10
5℃/second; Meanwhile; The spray forming technology of Britain has begun to the development of practicability, industrialization field, the production of small lot once Φ 400mm, long 6 meters high alloy tubing; Find that its malleability improves greatly, Japan has built up the reaction-injection moulding pilot production base of the high speed wire rod roller that with the high-speed steel is the master in succession at Nigata in the period of 1998～1999.
China has set up relevant ultrasonic chilling reaction-injection moulding device at University of Science & Technology, Beijing's Materials Academy later at first in 1996, and has researched and developed a kind of circumferential weld resonant cavity type air-flow ultrasonic atomizing nozzle, has set up reaction-injection moulding government test chamber subsequently again.Units such as Shenyang metal research institute, Beijing Non-Ferrous Metal Research General Academy, Shanghai Institute of Metallurgical Technology have also carried out the relevant subject study of reaction-injection moulding in succession.Meanwhile, offered the correlative study project continuously in country 863, natural fund and the state key research projects such as 973.Do a lot of work from aspects such as reaction-injection moulding principle, freezing mechanism, alloy microstructure characteristic, forming technology, digital-to-analogue controls.But the alloy of domestic research focuses mostly at low melting point and non-ferrous alloy, like alloys such as Al, Al-Cu, Al-Zn, Al-Si, Cu-Sn-Zn.
Yet there is following shortcoming in prior art:
1) the atomizer gas vent speed lower (being generally 200 meter per seconds) that adopts; Have only the nozzle of guran t professor's (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) annular distance resonant cavity type can surpass the mach one velocity of sound (reaching as high as 2.5 Mach), so limited to the acceleration of dispersion, cooling and the drop of metal liquid with the circumferential weld resonant cavity type nozzle that the Wu Chengyi of University of Science & Technology, Beijing teaches;
2) existing structure of nozzle and processing performance can't satisfy the requirement of the deposit alloy material that improves day by day;
3) form of reaction-injection moulding is single, is confined to the gas reaction-injection moulding of various Metal and Alloys.Never consider the tremendous influence of huge kinetic energy and the chilling effect of solid phase particles to the reaction-injection moulding process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of above-mentioned technological deficiency.Provide a kind of especially and the Metal and Alloy flow has been carried out the extraordinary metallurgical technology of spray deposition, provide a kind of brand-new with splendid cooling rate (10 with the high speed solid phase particles
4.5～10
6℃/S), splendid high temperature moment complex phase mixed media, high energy impact deposition formation and fast to rapid quench processing of alloy etc.Extraordinary metallurgy conditions that these are comprehensive excellent, make technology of the present invention and device can prepare various metals and solid-state hard mutually two-phase and heterogeneous composite material or have special appearance form, the parts of dimensional requirement direct the preparation.Can the metal of same composition or the alloy of heterogeneity be pressed solid-liquid two phase roles preparation again, be prepared into heterogeneous pseudo-alloy.This special metallurgical technology provided by the invention and material preparation method, the new phenomenon in research, developing new technology and the announcement materialogy provides new particular surroundings and condition.
First purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device; It is characterized in that; Said high speed solid phase particles injection molding device utilizes the high speed solid phase particles that molten metal is carried out jet deposition; Comprise high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and the induction melting furnace (7) that is used to hold molten metal, said high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises the nozzle (6) and the body of focus type, and said body comprises material pipe (3); Be positioned at the anterior conical pipe (4) of said material pipe (3), and the gas switching-over chamber (2) that is positioned at the sealing of said material pipe (3) afterbody; Said material pipe (3) top is equipped with the filler bin (8) of input solid state powder; Top, said gas switching-over chamber (2) is equipped with the high pressure gas inlet tube (9) of introducing gases at high pressure; Said body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae (10); Said stainless steel tracheae (10) front end is positioned at said conical pipe (4) inside; The rear end links to each other with motor (1); Said stainless steel tracheae (10) outer surface that is positioned at said material pipe (3) is equipped with the spirality pusher blade that pushes solid state powder, and said stainless steel tracheae (10) surface that is positioned at said gas switching-over chamber (2) has ventilative aperture;
Said nozzle (6) is positioned under the induction melting furnace (7); Endoporus with a up/down perforation; Said nozzle (6) inside has one all to press chamber (15) with the coaxial ring-type cylinder of said endoporus; Said conical pipe (4) tip is connected with particle flux conduit (11), and said particle flux conduit (11) is inserted into the said chamber (15) of all pressing from the nozzle side;
Said induction melting furnace (7) bottom is equipped with molten metal delivery conduit (17);
Said molten metal delivery conduit (17) lower end passes from the endoporus of said nozzle (6).
Preferably, the said gases at high pressure of said high pressure gas inlet tube (9) introducing are inert gases.
Preferably; The spout of said nozzle (6) is the tapered annular seam of and up/down perforation coaxial with said endoporus; The ring-type inlet of said spout is positioned at all presses chamber lower surface, and the ring-type outlet is positioned at said nozzle (6) lower surface, and outer radius is respectively less than outer radius in the ring-type inlet in the said ring-type outlet.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of jet deposition alloy that utilizes the preparation of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device; It is characterized in that; Said molten metal is elemental metals liquid or alloy liquid, said high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with said elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
Preferably, said carbide is wherein any of WC, Ti C, VC, S i C, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or the WC-TiC solid-solution powder; Said oxide is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2O
3, CrO
2, Nb
2O
3, HfO
2Wherein any; Said nitride is wherein any of S iN, BN, Ti N.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of method of high speed solid phase particles injection molding, it is characterized in that, the method for said injection molding may further comprise the steps:
1, motor (1) drives axially rotation of stainless steel tracheae (10);
2, add solid state powder from filler bin (8) to material pipe (3), said solid state powder is pushed in the conical pipe (4) through the spirality pusher blade of said stainless steel tracheae (10) mounted on surface;
3, the gases at high pressure that are incorporated in the gas switching-over chamber (2) from high pressure gas inlet tube (9) get into stainless steel tracheae (10) inside through the surperficial aperture of said stainless steel tracheae (10); And eject from stainless steel tracheae (10) front end; The gases at high pressure that eject locate to form the negative pressure field at conical pipe (4); Said solid state powder in the said conical pipe (4) is quickened, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
4, said high speed solid phase particles stream gets into through particle flux conduit (11) and all presses chamber (15); After all pressing; Nozzle through focus type sprays downwards, and the high speed solid phase particles of ejection comes together in and converges focal point F, and molten metal delivery conduit (10) outlet at bottom position H is positioned at and converges the focal point F top.
Preferably, the said convergence angle α scope that converges focal point F is 25～40 °.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device, it is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 2, confirm the optimum position of nozzle parameter and molten metal delivery conduit outlet;
Step 3, be provided with, and, confirm the volume and the height of crucible according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount by the melting mode of smelting metal liquid.
Wherein, the step of the optimum position of definite said molten metal delivery conduit outlet comprises in the step 2:
1), the lower end that will survey negative pressure pipe (20) passes and fixing from the induction melting furnace bottom, wherein, the height that converges focal point F that said survey negative pressure pipe exports to nozzle is H ';
2), pass through the gases at high pressure that particle flux conduit (11) is imported constant pressure, the pressure of measurement said survey negative pressure pipe this moment;
3), the said survey negative pressure pipe of adjustment exports to the said height H that converges focal point F ', keep the said gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, surveyed the pressure of negative pressure pipe accordingly;
4), repeating step 3), select and make the maximum height H of pressure of surveying the negative pressure pipe ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet height H.
Preferably, step 1 specifically comprises:
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed with the jet deposition alloying component that will prepare, confirm motor types;
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spirality pusher blade;
Step 1.3 is according to the rotating speed of the flow set motor of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection and the pressure of gases at high pressure.
Preferably, the step of definite nozzle parameter comprises described in the step 2:
Step 2.1, set the interior external diameter d1 of molten metal delivery conduit (17), d2 according to jet deposition speed;
Step 2.2, confirm the parameter of nozzles based on the outside diameter d of said molten metal delivery conduit (17) 2;
In the step 2, after the optimum position of confirming the outlet of nozzle parameter and molten metal delivery conduit, also have following steps:
Step 2.3, under the situation that does not add the high speed solid phase particles with the metal molten in the induction melting furnace, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement molten metal flow value;
Behind step 2.4, the adding high speed solid phase particles,, obtain the jet deposition alloy sample with the metal molten in the sense melt furnace;
Step 2.5, the jet deposition alloy sample of diverse location is carried out constituent analysis, confirm solid phase particles content, and each parameter of jet deposition is revised.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts compared with prior art possesses following advantage:
1. break in the past that spray forming technology is confined to the deadlock of gas atomization as the reaction-injection moulding basis over 23 years, opened up a kind of frontier of novel spray forming technology.
2. technology provided by the invention can further bring up to 10 with the cooling velocity of molten drop
4.5～10
6℃/S.
3. prevent that the high-temperature metal flow is regurgitated in the sense melt furnace.
4. but the compound phase material of the various heterogeneous metastable phases of Direct Production is like steel/(tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide ...), Al/ (S i, S i O2, S i C, Cu, Ti), Ti/ (Al
2O
3, Ti N, VC ...) etc.
5. can produce various density gradients, component gradient, magnetic gradient, hardness gradient, various voltinism, rerum natura functionally gradient material (FGM).
6. can produce artistic products such as embossment, mezzo relievo.
7. device structure of the present invention is independent, and stable performance is promoted the use of easily, is applicable to the medium-sized and small enterprises investment and production.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize through practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously with easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a specific embodiment of the invention high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding schematic representation of apparatus;
Fig. 2 is for carrying out the sketch map of high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device preparation in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the jet exit part enlarged drawing of high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of said embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Be exemplary through the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings below, only be used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
With reference to following description and accompanying drawing, with these and other aspects of knowing embodiments of the invention.These describe with accompanying drawing in, some specific implementations in the embodiments of the invention are specifically disclosed, represent some modes of principle of the embodiment of embodiment of the present invention, still should be appreciated that the scope of embodiments of the invention is not limited.On the contrary, embodiments of the invention comprise and fall into appended spirit that adds the right claim and all changes, modification and the equivalent in the intension scope.
Describe high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device of the present invention, method with reference to Figure of description below, prepare the method for this high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device, and the jet deposition alloy that utilizes this high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device to prepare.
Specific embodiment one
Present embodiment provides a kind of high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device.Shown in accompanying drawing 1, high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device comprises: high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and the induction melting furnace that holds molten metal.
High speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises: motor 1; Gas switching-over chamber 2; Material pipe 3; Conical pipe 4; Solid-liquid phase particle deposits 5; Nozzle 6; Induction melting furnace 7; Filler bin 8; High pressure gas inlet tube 9; Stainless steel tracheae 10.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2, induction melting furnace comprises: at the bottom of the melting kettle 16; Molten metal delivery conduit 17; High (in) frequency induction coil 23; Graphite crucible 25; Wherein, high (in) frequently induction coil 23 be positioned at the graphite crucible outside, for the insulation of induction melting furnace inner metal liquid stream, and the insulation of crucible and induction coil, can be coated with last layer (MgO+MgCl at graphite crucible 25 skins
6) (thickness 8～12mm) oven dry form melting kettle magnesia layer 24 to self-solidifying refractory material heat-insulation layer.
Connect for the ease of (intermediate frequency) power supply, all parts can be installed in a movably chassis in the induction melting furnace.
The body portion of high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises material pipe 3, is positioned at the conical pipe 4 of material pipe 3 front portions, and the gas switching-over chamber 2 that is positioned at the sealing of material pipe 3 afterbodys; Material pipe top is equipped with the filler bin 8 of input solid state powder; Gas switching-over 2 tops, chamber are equipped with the high pressure gas inlet tube 9 of introducing gases at high pressure; The body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae 10; Said stainless steel tracheae 10 front ends are positioned at said conical pipe 4 inside; Tail end stretches out body and links to each other with motor 1; Stainless steel tracheae 10 outer surfaces that are positioned at the material pipe are equipped with the spirality pusher blade that solid state powder is pushed to conical pipe 4, and stainless steel tracheae 10 surfaces that are positioned at gas switching-over chamber 2 have ventilative aperture;
Said induction melting furnace 7 bottoms are equipped with molten metal delivery conduit 17;
Said molten metal delivery conduit 17 lower ends pass from the endoporus of said nozzle 6.
For being reached fully, effectively mixes the metal flow of carrying in high speed solid phase particles stream that high speed solid phase particles generating means produces and the molten metal delivery conduit; Can utilize suction function; Adopt focus type nozzle 6 that high speed solid phase particles stream is accumulated a kind of (high-energy particle flow) atomizing cone 13 that certain certain angle alpha (α=25～40 °) is spatially arranged, and the fixing focal point F (mm) that converges is arranged.And the inner chamber of this cone is jet flow negative pressure district (negative pressure field), like Fig. 2.Metal liquid stream under suction function in the induction melting furnace very successfully gets into the center of atomizing cone, and under the effect of negative pressure jet, passes the focus of atomizing cone rapidly and mixed with the mandatory of physics that solid phase particles carries out machinery by pulverizing and while by force.
Preferably; The spout of focus type nozzle 6 can be tapered annular seam 14 (or annular distances); Said tapered annular seam is coaxial and up/down perforation with endoporus; The inlet of tapered annular seam is to be positioned at the big annular coaxial with endoporus of all pressing chamber 15 lower surfaces, and outlet is the little annular coaxial with endoporus that is positioned at nozzle 6 lower surfaces, promptly in the outlet outer radius all less than outer radius in the inlet (said tapered annular seam be appreciated that be two bottom surfaces vary in size etc. the slit that forms of high round platform socket).High speed solid phase particles stream is downwards through said tapered annular seam and compiles the shape ejection.
Further; The gases at high pressure of from high pressure gas inlet tube 9, introducing in order to the solid phase particles acceleration must consider at high temperature whether metal liquid stream and solid phase particles are produced harmful chemical reaction (like oxidation, nitrogenize etc.), otherwise must use inert gases such as Ar, He.
Further, can fall smoothly in the feeding pipe in order to guarantee powder in the filler bin 8, can increase a vertical stiring poking fork in the center of feed bin, can eliminate built on stilts-arch bridge effect of powder.
Specific embodiment two
Present embodiment provides a kind of high speed solid phase particles reaction-injection moulding device that utilizes specific embodiment one to carry out the method for high speed solid phase particles injection molding.
The working method of said high speed solid phase particles injection molding is following:
Step 1, motor 1 drive axially rotation of stainless steel tracheae 10;
Step 2 adds solid state powder from filler bin 8 to material pipe 3, and the spiral pusher blade that said solid state powder is installed through the stainless steel gas tube-surface is pushed in the conical pipe 4;
Step 3; The gases at high pressure that are incorporated in the gas switching-over chamber 2 from high pressure gas inlet tube 9 get into stainless steel tracheae 10 inside through said stainless steel tracheae 10 surperficial apertures; And eject from stainless steel tracheae 10 front ends; The gases at high pressure that eject form the negative pressure field at conical pipe 4 places, the solid state powder in the said conical pipe 4 is quickened, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
The operation principle of high speed solid phase particles injection molding is following:
At first, obtain high speed solid phase particles stream through suction function.
Motor 1 is used for driving the rotation that one section long stainless steel tracheae 10 does not stop.Below high pressure gas inlet tube 9, be provided with a gas switching-over chamber 2.Get into the gases at high pressure in the switching-over chamber 2, in stainless steel tracheae 10 gyrates process, enter in the stainless steel tracheae 10 and eject left through stainless steel tracheae 10 lip-deep apertures.At conical pipe 4 places, high velocity air forms jet (negative pressure).At the skin of stainless steel tracheae 10, be welded with the spirality pusher blade.The solid state powder that falls in the filler bin 8 rotates in material pipe 3 through the spiral pusher blade, constantly pushes solid state powder to conical pipe 4 places.Because the jet (negative pressure) that high velocity air forms at conical pipe 4 places effect quickens to obtain high speed solid phase particles stream with solid granulates in the extremely short time.
Secondly, reach fully mixing of high speed solid phase particles and metal liquid stream through suction function.
Adopt focus type nozzle 6 that high speed solid phase particles stream is accumulated a kind of (high-energy particle flow) atomizing cone 13 that certain certain angle alpha (α=25～40 °) is spatially arranged; And the fixing focal point F (mm) that converges arranged; And the inner chamber of this cone is jet flow negative pressure district (negative pressure field), like Fig. 2.Metal liquid stream under suction function in the induction melting furnace very successfully gets into the center of atomizing cone; And under the effect of negative pressure jet; The focus of passing the atomizing cone is rapidly pulverized by force and is mixed with the mandatory of physics that solid phase particles carries out machinery simultaneously, and this rapid mixing provides splendid convenience for subsequently a series of chemistry, physical reactions, metallography phase transformation etc. again.Under the extremely of short duration condition of this thermal extremes, very novel variation will take place between metal and the solid phase particles.
Specific embodiment three
The preparation method of the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment in the specific embodiment one is following:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed with the jet deposition alloying component that will prepare, confirm engine type.
The jet deposition alloying component (composition of the metal that needs prepare and the composite of solid phase particles) that will prepare according to jet deposition speed and institute; Obtain the feed speed of required high speed solid phase particles; According to this feed speed; The powder puopulsion equipment of this specification requirement, i.e. motor are satisfied in setting.
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spiral pusher blade.
Spiral pusher blade lean angle is concerning will expect to manage the speed that the solid state powder in 3 advances to conical pipe, and angle is big more, and fltting speed is slow more, and angle is more little, and fltting speed is fast more.In order to guarantee that powder advances to material pipe front end effectively, should reduce the angle of inclination of spiral pusher blade as far as possible.
Step 1.3 is according to the rotating speed of the flow set motor of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection and the pressure of gases at high pressure.Be specially: at certain motor speed; The accurate measurement under certain gases at high pressure pressure from the flow (speed g/min) of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection; Repeated multiple times in certain error range is finally determined the most reasonably motor speed n, the pressure P of gases at high pressure.
Step 2 is confirmed the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export.
Step 2.1, the interior external diameter d1 of setting molten metal delivery conduit, d2;
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, at first confirm the size of metal liquid stream conduit diameter d.(internal diameter of molten metal delivery conduit should and be selected earthenware 17 (see in the accompanying drawing 2 17) by d >=4～10mm design during >=5～10 ㎏/min) when jet deposition speed is very big.When the metal liquid stream diameter too small (during d＜0.5～2mm), because the surface tension of metal liquid is very big (like Sn; σ=540～560 dyne/cm.Al; σ=865～915 dyne/cm.Cu; σ=130～135 dyne/cm.Zn; σ=774～824 dyne/cm.) metal liquid stream can't rely on gravity from the flow conduit, to flow out automatically.Otherwise need above metal bath surface, apply enough air pressure, just can make metal liquid stream from the flow conduit, flow out (actual) for extruding.After the metal liquid stream diameter d is confirmed, should confirm pottery (pure Al immediately
2O
3) pipe 17 inner diameter d
1And outside diameter d
2. general inner diameter d
1Be the metal liquid stream diameter.The earthenware outside diameter d
2Will be by the decision of earthenware wall thickness, general wall thickness is B=1～5mm.Actually should consider from being incubated cracked two aspects of adiabatic and anxious heat.General more options wall thickness is B=1～2mm.
Step 2.2 is confirmed specifically to comprise the parameter of nozzle: the minimum diameter D of nozzle endoporus R, circumferential weld outlet, circumferential weld width, spray angle α, all press indoor footpath M, external diameter N, high L.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, in the earthenware outside diameter d
2After confirming, the diameter of bore R of nozzle 6 can confirm.Be generally R >=1.3d2.The minimum diameter of the circumferential weld of nozzle (or annular distance) outlet 14 is D=(1.2～1.5) R.Circumferential weld width (inside and outside semidiameter) strengthens with solid phase particles diameter and flow increase, is generally 0.8～3mm.After the α jet angle is selected (α=25～40 °), all press the inside and outside footpath in chamber (chamber) to confirm, generally all press indoor footpath M >=1.2D, all press outdoor footpath N >=3.5D, all press the high L >=0.75D in chamber.Can design the basic size of nozzle according to above-mentioned data.With due regard to processing technology and assembly relation etc. in nozzle arrangements design.
Step 2.3 is confirmed the optimum position that the molten metal delivery conduit exports.
Because when metal liquid stream flows out in high melt crucible 25; Must flow out through the earthenware (metal liquid stream conduit) 17 of thermal insulation and continuously be sent in the jet flow negative pressure district of atomizing cone 13; Could continuously make metal liquid stream and high-velocity particles stream accomplish a series of atomizing and pulverize heterogeneous mixing and deposition process.But because of the volume in jet flow negative pressure district very little; And the diameter of metal liquid stream conduit is bigger; Slight distance between position H of its outlet (height mm) and the focal point F changes the negative pressure value that all will significantly influence in the metal liquid stream conduit, and this negative pressure value has very crucial effect to the success or failure of whole Models of Spray Deposition, especially when negative pressure value becomes the malleation value; Regurgitating will appear in the high-temperature metal flow, and this is extremely dangerous situation.
The present invention designs employing and forms the mensuration that a kind of simple and practical negative pressure determinator carries out molten metal delivery conduit exit position with lower component; Shown in accompanying drawing 2; Comprise and survey negative pressure pipe 20, rubber gasket 18, forcing pipe 19, lucite pipe 21, lucite pipe 21 and the 20 top sockets of survey negative pressure pipe, water injected in the lucite pipe 21; Form to measure the water column 22 of pressure, said survey negative pressure pipe lower end passes through the induction melting furnace bottom through-hole that is used for installing the molten metal delivery conduit.
Step 2.3 may further comprise the steps:
2.3.1, will survey negative pressure pipe (20) lower end and pass and fix from induction melting furnace (7) bottom, the height that converges focal point F that said survey negative pressure pipe (20) exports to the focus type nozzle is H ';
2.3.2,, obtain to survey this moment the pressure of negative pressure pipe through the gases at high pressure of particle flux conduit (11) input constant pressure;
2.3.3 adjustment is surveyed the negative pressure pipe and is exported to the height H that converges focal point F ', keep the said gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, surveyed the pressure of negative pressure pipe accordingly;
2.3.4 repeating step 2.3.3 selects and makes the maximum height H of pressure of surveying the negative pressure pipe ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet.
Concrete mensuration mode is: the lower end that will survey negative pressure pipe 20 is fixed on a certain outlet height H tightly with rubber gasket 18 '; Subsequently through forcing pipe 19; With the tight rubber gasket 18 of hand; In particle flux conduit 11, only feed simultaneously the working gas (gases at high pressure) of constant pressure, measure and survey negative pressure pipe pressure, utilize water column pressure reduction △ P to represent to survey negative pressure pipe pressure at this.Observe the water column 22 in the lucite pipe 21, record water column pressure reduction △ P closes working gas then, measures H ' immediately highly, draws one group of H '-△ P data.Change H ' then highly; Keep gas pressure intensity constant; Constantly measure different H '-△ P data relationship; Select the optimum position that the corresponding H ' value of one group of △ P maximum is molten metal delivery conduit outlet height H at last, and use self-solidifying refractory cement fixing metal liquid delivery conduit exit position immediately.
Usually as the negative pressure value △ of water column P>during 500mm, be the accurate position of the best that the molten metal delivery conduit exports.
Step 2.4, the mensuration of simple metal flow quantity:
Behind metal molten, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement simple metal flow value ㎏/min), at this moment, do not add solid phase particles in the gas.To confirm repeatedly that meanwhile molten metal delivery conduit exit position H value is constant,, bring adverse consequences to prevent to occur in the actual mechanical process change of exit position H value.
Step 2.5, the mensuration of molten metal flow when adding solid phase particles:
Adding solid phase particles, adjust the air pressure of high pressure gas strong with parameter such as motor speed after, with the metal molten in the sense melt furnace, add the jet deposition alloy sample preparation of solid phase particles, then to sample diverse location sample analysis.
Step 2.6, the solid phase particles constituent analysis:
Jet deposition alloy sample to diverse location carries out constituent analysis, confirms solid phase particles content so that each parameter of jet deposition is revised.
Step 3, the preparation smelting equipment
Step 3.1 is confirmed by smelting metal liquid melting mode.
Mainly, select the heat fused mode of metal, like resistance melting heating, high, medium and low frequency eddy-current heating etc. according to by the characteristic of smelting metal such as fusing point, oxidation resistance, anti-nitrogenize ability, anti-carbonization ability, ferromagnetism etc.
Step 3.2 according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount, is confirmed the parameter of crucible.Comprise crucible volume, crucible height.
Crucible volume V >=maximum melting amount/by the density of smelting metal liquid;
Crucible height W>=crucible volume/[π (crucible internal diameter/2)
2];
Specific embodiment four
Prepare one 20 ㎏, the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment of Sn-10%SiC alloy.Jet deposition speed be 1～1.5 ㎏/minute, the Sn alloy liquid that maximum melting amount is 20 ㎏.The Sn fusing point is 232 ℃, and solid phase particles is S i C powder 2 ㎏, and average grain diameter is 2,5 μ m.Adopt 0.8～1MPa pressure N
2Gas is the gases at high pressure that particle quickens, and its preparation method is following:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 1.1, (1～1.5 ㎏/min) and alloying component (Sn-10%S i C) can know that the feed speed of high speed solid phase particles SiC powder is 100～150g/min according to deposition velocity.Obviously this speed is very small, for reach and can be stable satisfy this specification requirement, can adopt motor adjustment low speed and electrodeless variable-speed to reach the feed speed of powder.
Step 1.2 is set spirality pusher blade angle of inclination less than 15 °, and blade diameter is between 15～20mm.In addition, the external diameter of stainless steel tracheae 10 is 10mm, and internal diameter is 7mm.
Step 1.3, at certain motor speed, certain N
2Air pressure is accurate down to be measured from the S i C flow (speed g/mi n) of nozzle ejection, and 5 times repeatedly, error＜± 5% is finally determined the most reasonably motor speed n, N
2The strong P of air pressure.
Step 2 is confirmed the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export
Step 2.1, (1～1.5 ㎏/min) is so the flow diameter is designed to d=5mm because of emitted dose is little in the present embodiment.Pottery (pure Al
2O
3) pipe 17 inner diameter d
1Be the metal liquid stream diameter, d
1=d.Earthenware wall thickness B=1.5mm is so earthenware 17 diameters are d
1=5mm, d2=8mm.
Step 2.2, the nozzle bore design is R=1.3d in the present embodiment
2=1.3 * 8=10.4mm.The minimum diameter of the circumferential weld of nozzle (or annular distance) gas outlet 14 is D=1.2R=1.2 * 10.4=12.48mm.The circumferential weld width is got 1mm.All press indoor footpath M >=1.2D=14.976mm ≈ 15mm, all press outdoor footpath N >=3.5D=43.68mm, all press the high L >=0.75D=9.36mm in chamber.
Step 2.3-step 2.6 is consistent with specific embodiment three, does not state tired at this.
Step 3, the preparation smelting equipment
Step 3.1, in the present embodiment, because the Sn metal does not have ferromagnetism, directly eddy-current heating so take to respond to heat release indirectly with the method for Sn fusing with graphite crucible, is seen 25 in the accompanying drawing 2.Because the fusing point of Sn very low (231.9 ℃).Also can adopt simple resistance furnace heat fused.
Step 3.2 considers that the density of tin when 600 ℃ of overtemperatures is 6.71g/cm
3With maximum melting amount 20 ㎏, so the cavity volume of crucible is necessary
When graphite crucible internal diameter Φ=130mm, the height of crucible
The graphite crucible of actual design is internal diameter Φ=130mm, height W=30cm, wall thickness 10mm.The fusing amount of this crucible can increase by 25%, uses fashion material more convenient.
Specific embodiment five
Prepare a 10kg, the high speed solid phase particles jet deposition equipment of Al-10%S i (quality) alloy.Jet deposition speed is (2～2.5 ㎏/minute), and maximum melting amount is 10 kilograms of aluminium liquid.Solid phase particles is spherical silica flour, and average grain diameter is 2.5 μ m.Adopting pressure is (0.8～1MPa) N
2Gas is the gases at high pressure that particle quickens, and its preparation method and step are following:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
According to deposition velocity (2～2.5 ㎏/minute); And alloying component Al-10%S i (quality) can know; The feed speed of high speed solid phase particles (S i) powder is (200～250g/ branch), and this speed is than there being increase slightly in the instance four, but the preparation of high speed solid phase particles generator and embodiment four are identical; Just when actual measurement and use, can reach the preparation requirement through parameter adjustment.Therefore, step 1.1-1.3 is identical with embodiment four step 1.1-1.3 in the present embodiment;
Step 2 is confirmed the optimum position that nozzle and molten metal delivery conduit export;
Step 2.1-step 2.6 is consistent with specific embodiment four, does not state tired at this.
Step 3, the smelting system design
Step 3.1 is taked with graphite crucible induction heat release indirectly the method for Al fusing or is adopted simple resistance furnace heat fused.
Step 3.2, the density of Al are (during 660.1 ℃ of fusing points) d=2.37 gram/cm
3, d=2.31 gram/cm in the time of 900 ℃
3So the maximum volume of crucible is necessary
When black-fead crucible is designed to internal diameter=150mm, the crucible height
Actual design height W=30cm, wall thickness 10mm.
Utilize the high speed solid phase particles injection molding device preparation of the specific embodiment of the invention one directly to prepare and have special appearance form; The parts of dimensional requirement; And can prepare various metals and solid-state hard two-phase and heterogeneous composite material mutually; Can the metal of same composition or the alloy of heterogeneity be pressed solid-liquid two phase roles preparation, be prepared into heterogeneous pseudo-alloy.
Preferably, molten metal is elemental metals liquid or alloy liquid in the induction melting furnace, said high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with said elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
Further, said carbide is wherein any of WC, TiC, VC, SiC, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or the WC-TiC solid-solution powder, and said oxide is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2O
3, CrO
2, Nb
2O
3, HfO
2Wherein any, said nitride are wherein any of SiN, BN, TiN.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention; For those of ordinary skill in the art; Be appreciated that under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and spirit and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification that scope of the present invention is accompanying claims and be equal to and limit to these embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. high speed solid phase particles injection molding device; It is characterized in that; Said high speed solid phase particles injection molding device utilizes the high speed solid phase particles that molten metal is carried out jet deposition; Comprise high speed solid phase particles generation equipment and the induction melting furnace (7) that is used to hold molten metal, said high speed solid phase particles generation equipment comprises the nozzle (6) and the body of focus type, and said body comprises material pipe (3); Be positioned at the anterior conical pipe (4) of said material pipe (3), and the gas switching-over chamber (2) that is positioned at the sealing of said material pipe (3) afterbody; Said material pipe (3) top is equipped with the filler bin (8) of input solid state powder; Top, said gas switching-over chamber (2) is equipped with the high pressure gas inlet tube (9) of introducing gases at high pressure; Said body inner shaft is to inserting a stainless steel tracheae (10); Said stainless steel tracheae (10) front end is positioned at said conical pipe (4) inside; The rear end links to each other with motor (1); Said stainless steel tracheae (10) outer surface that is positioned at said material pipe (3) is equipped with the spirality pusher blade that pushes solid state powder, and said stainless steel tracheae (10) surface that is positioned at said gas switching-over chamber (2) has ventilative aperture;
Said nozzle (6) is positioned under the induction melting furnace (7); Endoporus with a up/down perforation; Said nozzle (6) inside has one all to press chamber (15) with the coaxial ring-type cylinder of said endoporus; Said conical pipe (4) tip is connected with particle flux conduit (11), and said particle flux conduit (11) is inserted into the said chamber (15) of all pressing from the nozzle side;
Said induction melting furnace (7) bottom is equipped with molten metal delivery conduit (17);
Said molten metal delivery conduit (17) lower end passes from the endoporus of said nozzle (6).
2. high speed solid phase particles injection molding device preparation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the said gases at high pressure that said high pressure gas inlet tube (9) is introduced are inert gases.
3. high speed solid phase particles injection molding device preparation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The spout of said nozzle (6) is the tapered annular seam of and up/down perforation coaxial with said endoporus; The ring-type inlet of said spout is positioned at all presses chamber lower surface; The ring-type outlet is positioned at said nozzle (6) lower surface, and outer radius is respectively less than outer radius in the ring-type inlet in the said ring-type outlet.
4. utilize jet deposition alloy like each described high speed solid phase particles injection molding device preparation of claim 1-3; It is characterized in that; Said molten metal is elemental metals liquid or alloy liquid, said high speed solid phase particles be carbide, oxide, nitride, diamond particles, composite ceramic particle or with said elemental metals liquid or the congruent solid particles of alloy liquid phase.
5. the jet deposition alloy that utilizes the preparation of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said carbide is wherein any of WC, TiC, VC, SiC, TaC, NbC, BC, HfC, CrC, or the WC-TiC solid-solution powder; Said oxide is Al
2O
3, SiO
2, MgO, Y
2O
3, CrO
2, Nb
2O
3, HfO
2Wherein any; Said nitride is wherein any of SiN, BN, TiN.
6. the injection molding method of a utilization such as each described high speed solid phase particles injection molding device of claim 1-3 is characterized in that said injection molding method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, motor (1) drive axially rotation of stainless steel tracheae (10);
Step 2, add solid state powder from filler bin (8) to material pipe (3), said solid state powder is pushed in the conical pipe (4) through the spirality pusher blade of said stainless steel tracheae (10) mounted on surface;
Step 3, the gases at high pressure that are incorporated in the gas switching-over chamber (2) from high pressure gas inlet tube (9) get into stainless steel tracheae (10) inside through the surperficial aperture of said stainless steel tracheae (10); And eject from stainless steel tracheae (10) front end; The gases at high pressure that eject locate to form the negative pressure field at conical pipe (4); Said solid state powder in the said conical pipe (4) is quickened, and obtain high speed solid phase particles stream;
Step 4, said high speed solid phase particles stream get into through particle flux conduit (11) all presses chamber (15); After all pressing; Nozzle (6) ejection downwards through focus type; The high speed solid phase particles of ejection comes together in and converges focal point F, and molten metal delivery conduit (10) outlet at bottom position H is positioned at and converges the focal point F top.
7. injection molding method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the said convergence angle α scope that converges focal point F is 25～40 °.
8. the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, preparation high speed solid phase particles generator;
Step 2, confirm the optimum position of nozzle parameter and molten metal delivery conduit outlet;
Step 3, be provided with, and, confirm the volume and the height of crucible according to by the density of smelting metal liquid, maximum melting amount by the melting mode of smelting metal liquid;
Wherein, the step of the optimum position of definite said molten metal delivery conduit outlet comprises in the step 2:
1), will survey that negative pressure pipe (20) lower end passes from induction melting furnace (7) bottom and fixing, wherein, the height that converges focal point F that said survey negative pressure pipe (20) exports to nozzle (6) is H ';
2), pass through the gases at high pressure that particle flux conduit (11) is imported constant pressure, the pressure of measurement said survey negative pressure pipe this moment;
3), the said survey negative pressure pipe of adjustment exports to the said height H that converges focal point F ', keep the said gases at high pressure pressure of input constant, surveyed the pressure of negative pressure pipe accordingly;
4), repeating step 3), select and make the maximum height H of pressure of surveying the negative pressure pipe ', as the optimum position of molten metal delivery conduit (17) outlet height H.
9. the preparation method of high speed solid phase particles injection molding device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that step 1 specifically comprises:
Step 1.1, according to jet deposition speed with the jet deposition alloying component that will prepare, confirm motor types;
Step 1.2, the inclination angle of setting spirality pusher blade;
Step 1.3 is according to the rotating speed of the said motor of flow set of the solid phase particles of nozzle ejection and the pressure of gases at high pressure.
10. like the preparation method of claim 8 or 9 described high speed solid phase particles injection molding devices, it is characterized in that, confirm described in the step 2 that the step of nozzle parameter comprises:
Step 2.1, set the interior external diameter d1 of molten metal delivery conduit (17), d2 according to jet deposition speed;
Step 2.2, confirm the parameter of nozzles based on the outside diameter d of said molten metal delivery conduit (17) 2;
In the step 2, after the optimum position of confirming the outlet of nozzle parameter and molten metal delivery conduit, also have following steps:
Step 2.3, under the situation that does not add the high speed solid phase particles with the metal molten in the induction melting furnace, under the gases at high pressure of different pressure, practical measurement molten metal flow value;
Behind step 2.4, the adding high speed solid phase particles,, obtain the jet deposition alloy sample with the metal molten in the sense melt furnace;
Step 2.5, the jet deposition alloy sample of diverse location is carried out constituent analysis, confirm solid phase particles content, and each parameter of jet deposition is revised.
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| TWI660789B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-06-01 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Particle forming apparatus with the nozzle and particle forming method |
| CN111390174A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-10 | 佛山市孔星材料应用研究院有限公司 | 3D printing metal spraying equipment, 3D printing device and control method thereof |
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| CN102814497B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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