CN102804998A - Method for identifying cold-resistant ability of balsam pears at seedling stage - Google Patents
Method for identifying cold-resistant ability of balsam pears at seedling stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and seed breeding, and provides a method for identifying the cold-resistant ability of balsam pears at a seedling stage. By adopting the method, the work of evaluating, identifying and screening seed breeding intermediate materials of the cold-resistant balsam pears has higher operability, errors caused by differences in individual subjectivity and experience are reduced, and the objectivity and the efficiency of cold-resistant seed breeding of the balsam pears are improved; admittance conditions and standards of cold-resistant autumn-winter and early spring protected cultivation varieties of the balsam pears, which takes the cold resistance as the basic measurement, are established according to the level of cold resistance indexes of the varieties of the balsam pears, so that whether the varieties of the balsam pears can be used as the autumn-winter and early spring protected cultivation varieties can be defined, the cold resistance of the seed breeding materials can be accurately grasped and evaluated during special seed breeding for low-temperature-resistant protected cultivation of the balsam pears, scientific bases are provided for the use of the materials, the varieties suitable for autumn-winter and early spring protected cultivation are identified and screened, the varieties with poor cold resistance are eliminated, the development and the research of the breeding work of special varieties for the low-temperature-resistant cultivation of the balsam pears are promoted, and the process of the breeding work of the balsam pears is quickened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation and breeding technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method of identifying balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage.
Background technology
Balsam pear originates from the torrid zone, subtropical zone, property happiness high temperature, retarded growth under the cryogenic conditions, the planting range and the listing time of having limited balsam pear.Present balsam pear kind can't satisfy the demand in market aspect cold resistance, especially under China North China, northeast and the Northwest's greenhouse by solar heat condition, need the strong kind of cold resistance in a hurry.The evaluation of cold-resistant material and screening are the keys of the cold-resistant kind of seed selection.
But from existing report, in the majority with materials such as cucumber, tomato and capsicums to the research that cold resistance is identified, balsam pear rarely has report in the research aspect the cold resistance evaluation.Although existing relevant report shows that the balsam pear cold resistance is relevant with protective enzyme system (SOD, CAT and POD), soluble sugar, MDA etc., the mensuration program of these physical signs is loaded down with trivial details relatively, and needs certain experiment place etc.Topaz brightness etc. utilizes in the illumination box balsam pear seedling to 1 heart stage of 4 leaves to carry out 10 ℃ and handled 7 days, and calculates and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index.We discover, in illumination box, handle after 7 days continuously for 10 ℃, and plant is thin and weak, the stem spindle, and blade diminishes, and does not have tangible blade here to wither or phenomenon of losing water, can not significantly distinguish the cold resistance between the balsam pear material.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of identifying balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage; Be intended to solve present balsam pear kind can't satisfy market aspect cold resistance demand; And prior art can't provide the evaluation and the method for screening of cold-resistant material, hindered the problem of the seed selection of cold-resistant kind.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of identifying balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is chosen 6 parts of balsam pear materials that cold resistance is different according to field observation, randomly draws and reaches maturity and the balsam pear seeds of full grains;
Step 2 is wrapped up the balsam pear seed with gauze, in 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water, scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, and uses 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again, and soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, places 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Step 3 with 36 holes dish, is being sowed through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization;
When step 4, balsam pear seedling age are 4 leaves, 1 heart, in climatic cabinate, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and handled seven days;
Step 5; Change in the phenotype that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature processing procedure according to balsam pear, the form degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is divided into Pyatyi, adopt the variation of leaf look and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature two mode of appearance indexs of the number of blade; Carry out quantitative classification, and formulate the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade;
Step 6 is according to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index;
Step 7 is investigated classification results and is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index according to above cold resistance, carries out the cold resistance evaluation and identifies, and confirm waterlogging grade and name.
Further; In step 1; The implementation method of choosing the different balsam pear material of 6 parts of cold resistances according to field observation is: under the consistent situation of field management, the one-tenth strain phase balsam pear material that plant height is reached 2m is observed, and utilizes natural world low temperature to carry out the land for growing field crops screening; Confirm the cold-resistant ability of material according to the following death time of cryogenic conditions, dead is cold quick material the earliest; Dead is cold-resistant material at last, and all the other are medium cold-resistant material.
Further, in step 3, it is 2: 1 with native ratio at nutrition soil mesostroma.
Further, in step 3, said usefulness 36 holes dish; Implementation method sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization is: in each hole, cave, interleave dark about 1cm cave; Seeds germinated keeps flat in the cave, covers the thick fine earth that sieves of 1.5-2cm, and the double-deck wet newspaper in upper berth is preserved moisture.
Further, in step 4, be that the condition of the balsam pear cold treatment of 4 leaves, 1 heart is to seedling age: be 10 ℃/5 ℃ daytime/night, and light treatment daytime/night is 12 hours/12 hours.
Further, in step 5, the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade is:
0 grade: do not have the symptom of being injured; 1 grade: the blade pucker-free, jaundice of the first or second leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, the 3rd leaf and lobus cardiacus do not have the symptom of being injured; 2 grades: blade is shrinkage slightly, first leaf and the serious dehydration of the second leaf leaf margin, and jaundice of the 3rd leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, lobus cardiacus does not have the symptom of obviously being injured; 3 grades: dehydration spot, the serious dehydration of the 3rd leaf leaf margin, the slight dehydration of lobus cardiacus appear in leaf-shrinkage, first leaf and second leaf central part; 4 grades: the serious shrinkage of blade, first leaf is connected in flakes with second leaf dehydration spot, and blade is wilted, and the 3rd leaf central part beginning shows the dehydration spot, and the lobus cardiacus dehydration is obvious, but lobus cardiacus still can recover under the normal temperature; 5 grades: the serious dehydration of all blades is wilted, and seedling can not recover at normal temperatures.
Further, in step 7, the standard that the cold resistance evaluation is identified is:
Extremely cold-resistant, 0≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.1;
Cold-resistant, 0.1≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.3;
Medium cold-resistant, 0.3≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.5;
More not cold-resistant, 0.5≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.7;
Not cold-resistant, 0.7≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index≤1.0.
Further, according to above cold resistance classification investigation result and cold resistance grading evaluation result, carry out cold resistance with reference to balsam pear cold resistance standard of perfection kind and identify that cold resistance standard of perfection kind is decided to be:
Taiwan kind " bright jade " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Taiwan kind " jasper " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Sichuan landrace " white skin balsam pear " are cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.2;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-3 " is cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.25;
Sichuan kind " No. 2 Xiao Bai balsam pears " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.3～0.4;
Guangdong kind " Penang balsam pear " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Guangdong kind " long green balsam pear " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-2 " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.45～0.5;
Thailand's kind " rascal balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.75～0.8;
Hunan kind " ancient cooking vessel board balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.8～0.
Evaluation balsam pear seedling stage provided by the invention cold-resistant ability method, choose 6 parts of balsam pear materials that cold resistance is different according to field observation, randomly draw and reach maturity and the balsam pear seeds of full grains; The balsam pear seed is wrapped up with gauze, in 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water, scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, use 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again, soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, place 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally; With 36 holes dish, sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization; When the balsam pear seedling age is 4 leaves, 1 heart, in climatic cabinate, damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and handled seven days; Change in the phenotype that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature processing procedure according to balsam pear; The form degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is divided into Pyatyi; Adopt the variation of leaf look and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature two mode of appearance indexs of the number of blade, carry out quantitative classification, and formulate the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade; According to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index; Investigate classification results and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index according to above cold resistance, carry out the cold resistance evaluation and identify, and confirm waterlogging grade and name; This identifies the utilization of the method for balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage; Make the work of estimating, identify, screening cold resistance balsam pear breeding intermediate materials have stronger operability; Reduced the error that the difference because of individual subjectivity and experience causes; Improve science and accuracy, improved the objectivity and the efficient of the cold-resistant breeding of balsam pear; Can be according to the cold resistance index height of balsam pear kind; Set up with cold resistance for cold-resistant autumn and winter of balsam pear of measuring basically and early spring facility cultivation kind entry criteria and standard; Clear and definite its whether can be used as the autumn and winter and early spring the facility cultivation kind use, can in the special-purpose breeding of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility cultivation, accurately hold and assess the cold resistance of breeding material, to the utilization of material scientific basis is provided; Identify and filter out be suitable for the autumn and winter and early spring facility cultivation kind; Eliminate the kind of cold resistance difference, promoted carrying out and studying of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility-specific breed breeding work, accelerated the process of balsam pear breeding work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the invention provide evaluation balsam pear seedling stage cold-resistant ability the realization flow figure of method;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map that balsam pear that the embodiment of the invention provides damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature grade scale;
Fig. 3 is that the momordica charantic leaf that the embodiment of the invention provides damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the sketch map of degree.
Among the figure: 1, blade does not have and is injured; 2, the slight dehydration of blade edge; 3, the blade dehydration is serious, pucker-free; 4, blade moderate dehydration, slight shrinkage; 5, the serious dehydration of blade, shrinkage; 6, the serious dehydration of blade, serious shrinkage.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further specified below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in the qualification invention.
Fig. 1 shows that the embodiment of the invention provides evaluation balsam pear seedling stage cold-resistant ability the realization flow of method.
This method may further comprise the steps:
In step S101, choose 6 parts of balsam pear materials that cold resistance is different according to field observation, randomly draw and reach maturity and the balsam pear seeds of full grains;
In step S102, the balsam pear seed is wrapped up with gauze, in 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water, scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, use 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again, soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, place 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
In step S103,, sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization with 36 holes dish;
In step S104, when the balsam pear seedling age is 4 leaves, 1 heart, in climatic cabinate, damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and handled seven days;
In step S105; Change in the phenotype that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature processing procedure according to balsam pear, the form degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is divided into Pyatyi, adopt the variation of leaf look and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature two mode of appearance indexs of the number of blade; Carry out quantitative classification, and formulate the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade;
In step S106, according to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index;
In step S107, investigate classification results and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index according to above cold resistance, carry out the cold resistance evaluation and identify, and confirm waterlogging grade and name.
In embodiments of the present invention; In step S101; The implementation method of choosing the different balsam pear material of 6 parts of cold resistances according to field observation is: under the consistent situation of field management, the one-tenth strain phase balsam pear material that plant height is reached 2m is observed, and utilizes natural world low temperature to carry out the land for growing field crops screening; Confirm the cold-resistant ability of material according to the following death time of cryogenic conditions, dead is cold quick material the earliest; Dead is cold-resistant material at last, and all the other are medium cold-resistant material.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step S103, it is 2: 1 with native ratio at nutrition soil mesostroma.
In embodiments of the present invention; In step S103; Said usefulness 36 holes dish in the implementation method of sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization is: in each hole, cave, interleave dark about 1cm cave, seeds germinated keeps flat in the cave; Cover the thick fine earth that sieves of 1.5-2cm, the double-deck wet newspaper in upper berth is preserved moisture.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step S104, be that the condition of the balsam pear cold treatment of 4 leaves, 1 heart is to seedling age: be 10 ℃/5 ℃ daytime/night, and light treatment daytime/night is 12 hours/12 hours.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step S105, the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade is:
0 grade: do not have the symptom of being injured; 1 grade: the blade pucker-free, jaundice of the first or second leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, the 3rd leaf and lobus cardiacus do not have the symptom of being injured; 2 grades: blade is shrinkage slightly, first leaf and the serious dehydration of the second leaf leaf margin, and jaundice of the 3rd leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, lobus cardiacus does not have the symptom of obviously being injured; 3 grades: dehydration spot, the serious dehydration of the 3rd leaf leaf margin, the slight dehydration of lobus cardiacus appear in leaf-shrinkage, first leaf and second leaf central part; 4 grades: the serious shrinkage of blade, first leaf is connected in flakes with second leaf dehydration spot, and blade is wilted, and the 3rd leaf central part beginning shows the dehydration spot, and the lobus cardiacus dehydration is obvious, but lobus cardiacus still can recover under the normal temperature; 5 grades: the serious dehydration of all blades is wilted, and seedling can not recover at normal temperatures.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step S107, the standard that the cold resistance evaluation is identified is:
Extremely cold-resistant, 0≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.1;
Cold-resistant, 0.1≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.3;
Medium cold-resistant, 0.3≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.5;
More not cold-resistant, 0.5≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.7;
Not cold-resistant, 0.7≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index≤1.0.
In embodiments of the present invention, according to above cold resistance classification investigation result and cold resistance grading evaluation result, carry out cold resistance with reference to balsam pear cold resistance standard of perfection kind and identify that cold resistance standard of perfection kind is decided to be:
Taiwan kind " bright jade " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Taiwan kind " jasper " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Sichuan landrace " white skin balsam pear " are cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.2;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-3 " is cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.25;
Sichuan kind " No. 2 Xiao Bai balsam pears " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.3～0.4;
Guangdong kind " Penang balsam pear " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Guangdong kind " long green balsam pear " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-2 " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.45～0.5;
Thailand's kind " rascal balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.75～0.8;
Hunan kind " ancient cooking vessel board balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.8～0.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment application principle of the present invention is further described.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method of identifying balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) cold treatment: the balsam pear seedling age carries out cold treatment in climatic cabinate when being 4 leaves, 1 heart, and Temperature Treatment daytime/night is 10 ℃/5 ℃, and light treatment daytime/night is 12 hours/12 hours, handles continuously 7 days;
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade is:
0 grade. there is not the symptom of being injured;
1 grade. the blade pucker-free, jaundice of the first or second leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, the 3rd leaf and lobus cardiacus do not have the symptom of being injured;
2 grades. blade is shrinkage slightly, first leaf and the serious dehydration of the second leaf leaf margin, jaundice of the 3rd leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, lobus cardiacus does not have the symptom of obviously being injured;
3 grades. dehydration spot, the serious dehydration of the 3rd leaf leaf margin, the slight dehydration of lobus cardiacus appear in leaf-shrinkage, first leaf and second leaf central part;
4 grades. the serious shrinkage of blade, first leaf is connected in flakes with second leaf dehydration spot, and blade is wilted; The 3rd leaf central part beginning shows the dehydration spot, and the lobus cardiacus dehydration is obvious, but lobus cardiacus still can recover under the normal temperature;
5 grades. the serious dehydration of all blades is wilted, and seedling can not recover at normal temperatures.
(3) according to above cold resistance investigation classification results, carry out the cold resistance evaluation and identify that standard of perfection is decided to be:
Extremely cold-resistant, 0≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.1;
Cold-resistant, 0.1≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.3;
Medium cold-resistant, 0.3≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.5;
More not cold-resistant, 0.5≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.7;
Not cold-resistant, 0.7≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index≤1.0;
According to damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index, confirm the waterlogging grade and the name of 7 grades of systems according to following evaluation of programme:
(4) according to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index.
According to above cold resistance classification investigation result and cold resistance grading evaluation result, carry out cold resistance with reference to balsam pear cold resistance standard of perfection kind and identify that cold resistance standard of perfection kind is decided to be:
Taiwan kind " bright jade " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Taiwan kind " jasper " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Sichuan landrace " white skin balsam pear " are cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.2;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-3 " is cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.25;
Sichuan kind " No. 2 Xiao Bai balsam pears " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.3～0.4;
Guangdong kind " Penang balsam pear " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Guangdong kind " long green balsam pear " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-2 " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.45～0.5;
Thailand's kind " rascal balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.75～0.8;
Hunan kind " ancient cooking vessel board balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.8～0.9;
The practical implementation step of this method is following:
(1) seed sampling: according to field observation (under the consistent situation of field management; The one-tenth strain phase balsam pear material that plant height is reached 2m is observed; Utilize natural world low temperature to carry out land for growing field crops screening, confirm the cold-resistant ability of material according to the following death time of cryogenic conditions, dead is cold quick material the earliest; Last dead is cold-resistant material, and all the other are medium cold-resistant material) choose 6 parts of balsam pear materials (table one) that cold resistance is different, randomly draw and reach maturity and the balsam pear new seed of full grains;
(2) presoaking and germinating: the balsam pear seed is wrapped up with gauze, and 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, and use 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again.Soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, place 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
(3) sowing: with 36 holes dish, with the nutrition soil (matrix: soil=2: 1) sow of tpn sterilization.During sowing, in each hole, cave, interleave dark about 1cm cave, seeds germinated keeps flat in the cave, covers the thick fine earth that sieves of 1.5-2cm, and the double-deck wet newspaper in upper berth is preserved moisture.
(4) cold treatment: cold treatment in climatic cabinate when the balsam pear seedling age is 4 leaves, 1 heart, Temperature Treatment daytime/night is 10 ℃/5 ℃, light treatment daytime/night is 12 hours/12 hours, handles continuously 7 days;
(5) confirming of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade: change according to the phenotype of balsam pear in cold-treating process, select leaf morphology, blade dehydration situation.
0 grade. there is not the symptom of being injured;
1 grade. the blade pucker-free, jaundice of the first or second leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, the 3rd leaf and lobus cardiacus do not have the symptom of being injured;
2 grades. blade is shrinkage slightly, first leaf and the serious dehydration of the second leaf leaf margin, jaundice of the 3rd leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, lobus cardiacus does not have the symptom of obviously being injured;
3 grades. dehydration spot, the serious dehydration of the 3rd leaf leaf margin, the slight dehydration of lobus cardiacus appear in leaf-shrinkage, first leaf and second leaf central part;
4 grades. the serious shrinkage of blade, first leaf is connected in flakes with second leaf dehydration spot, and blade is wilted; The 3rd leaf central part beginning shows the dehydration spot, and the lobus cardiacus dehydration is obvious, but lobus cardiacus still can recover under the normal temperature;
5 grades. the serious dehydration of all blades is wilted, and seedling can not recover at normal temperatures.
(6) confirming of balsam pear cold-resistant grade in seedling stage:
According to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5.
According to damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index, confirm the waterlogging grade and the name of 5 grades of systems according to following evaluation of programme:
Extremely cold-resistant, 0≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.1;
Cold-resistant, 0.1≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.3;
Medium cold-resistant, 0.3≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.5;
More not cold-resistant, 0.5≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.7;
Not cold-resistant, 0.7≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index≤1.0;
According to above cold resistance classification investigation result and cold resistance grading evaluation result, carry out cold resistance with reference to balsam pear cold resistance standard of perfection kind and identify that cold resistance standard of perfection kind is decided to be:
Taiwan kind " bright jade " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Taiwan kind " jasper " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Sichuan landrace " white skin balsam pear " are cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.2;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-3 " is cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.25;
Sichuan kind " No. 2 Xiao Bai balsam pears " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.3～0.4;
Guangdong kind " Penang balsam pear " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Guangdong kind " long green balsam pear " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-2 " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.45～0.5;
Thailand's kind " rascal balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.75～0.8;
Hunan kind " ancient cooking vessel board balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.8～0.9;
This identifies the utilization of the method for balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage; Make the work of estimating, identify, screening cold resistance balsam pear breeding intermediate materials have stronger operability; Reduced the error that the difference because of individual subjectivity and experience causes; Improve science and accuracy, improved the objectivity and the efficient of the cold-resistant breeding of balsam pear; Can set up with the balsam pear cold-resistant autumn and winter and early spring facility cultivation kind entry criteria and standard of cold resistance for measuring basically according to the cold resistance index of balsam pear kind height, whether clear and definite its can be used as autumn and winter and facility cultivation kind use in early spring.
Adopt the method for cold-resistant ability in this evaluation balsam pear seedling stage; Can in the special-purpose breeding of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility cultivation, accurately hold and assess the cold resistance of breeding material; Utilization to material provides scientific basis; Promote carrying out and studying of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility-specific breed breeding work, accelerated the process of balsam pear breeding work.
Simultaneously; Can do the autumn and winter and plant in the facility cultivation low temperature environment with early spring and carry out quantitatively evaluating whether balsam pear kind in the present production is suitable; Identify and filter out the kind that is suitable for autumn and winter and facility cultivation in early spring, eliminate the kind of cold resistance difference, in order to avoid owing to selecting the improper loss that causes of kind for use.
The embodiment of the invention provides evaluation balsam pear seedling stage cold-resistant ability method, choose 6 parts of balsam pear materials that cold resistance is different according to field observation, randomly draw and reach maturity and the balsam pear seeds of full grains; The balsam pear seed is wrapped up with gauze, in 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water, scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, use 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again, soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, place 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally; With 36 holes dish, sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization; When the balsam pear seedling age is 4 leaves, 1 heart, in climatic cabinate, damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and handled seven days; Change in the phenotype that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature processing procedure according to balsam pear; The form degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is divided into Pyatyi; Adopt the variation of leaf look and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature two mode of appearance indexs of the number of blade, carry out quantitative classification, and formulate the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade; According to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index; Investigate classification results and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index according to above cold resistance, carry out the cold resistance evaluation and identify, and confirm waterlogging grade and name; This identifies the utilization of the method for balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage; Make the work of estimating, identify, screening cold resistance balsam pear breeding intermediate materials have stronger operability; Reduced the error that the difference because of individual subjectivity and experience causes; Improve science and accuracy, improved the objectivity and the efficient of the cold-resistant breeding of balsam pear; Can be according to the cold resistance index height of balsam pear kind; Set up with cold resistance for cold-resistant autumn and winter of balsam pear of measuring basically and early spring facility cultivation kind entry criteria and standard; Clear and definite its whether can be used as the autumn and winter and early spring the facility cultivation kind use, can in the special-purpose breeding of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility cultivation, accurately hold and assess the cold resistance of breeding material, to the utilization of material scientific basis is provided; Identify and filter out be suitable for the autumn and winter and early spring facility cultivation kind; Eliminate the kind of cold resistance difference, promoted carrying out and studying of low temperature resistant balsam pear facility-specific breed breeding work, accelerated the process of balsam pear breeding work.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a method of identifying balsam pear cold-resistant ability in seedling stage is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is chosen 6 parts of balsam pear materials that cold resistance is different according to field observation, randomly draws and reaches maturity and the balsam pear seeds of full grains;
Step 2 is wrapped up the balsam pear seed with gauze, in 50 ℃ of-55 ℃ of warm water, scald kinds 15 minutes and constantly stir, and uses 25 ℃ water seed soaking 24 hours again, and soaked seed flow is cleaned up under water, places 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Step 3 with 36 holes dish, is being sowed through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization;
When step 4, balsam pear seedling age are 4 leaves, 1 heart, in climatic cabinate, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and handled seven days;
Step 5; Change in the phenotype that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature processing procedure according to balsam pear, the form degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is divided into Pyatyi, adopt the variation of leaf look and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature two mode of appearance indexs of the number of blade; Carry out quantitative classification, and formulate the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade;
Step 6 is according to formula: damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index=∑ (strain number * progression at different levels)/total strain number * 5, calculate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index;
Step 7 is investigated classification results and is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index according to above cold resistance, carries out the cold resistance evaluation and identifies, and confirm waterlogging grade and name.
2. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that in step 1, the implementation method of choosing the different balsam pear material of 6 parts of cold resistances according to field observation is: under the consistent situation of field management; The one-tenth strain phase balsam pear material that plant height is reached 2m is observed; Utilize natural world low temperature to carry out land for growing field crops screening, confirm the cold-resistant ability of material according to the following death time of cryogenic conditions, dead is cold quick material the earliest; Dead is cold-resistant material at last, and all the other are medium cold-resistant material.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 3, is 2: 1 at nutrition soil mesostroma with native ratio.
4. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that, in step 3, said usefulness 36 holes dish; Implementation method sowing through the nutrition soil of tpn sterilization is: in each hole, cave, interleave dark about 1cm cave; Seeds germinated keeps flat in the cave, covers the thick fine earth that sieves of 1.5-2cm, and the double-deck wet newspaper in upper berth is preserved moisture.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 4, be that the condition of the balsam pear cold treatment of 4 leaves, 1 heart is to seedling age: be 10 ℃/5 ℃ daytime/night, and light treatment daytime/night is 12 hours/12 hours.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 5, the grade scale of cold-resistant form evaluation index of balsam pear and index grade is:
0 grade: do not have the symptom of being injured; 1 grade: the blade pucker-free, jaundice of the first or second leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, the 3rd leaf and lobus cardiacus do not have the symptom of being injured; 2 grades: blade is shrinkage slightly, first leaf and the serious dehydration of the second leaf leaf margin, and jaundice of the 3rd leaf leaf margin or slightly dehydration, lobus cardiacus does not have the symptom of obviously being injured; 3 grades: dehydration spot, the serious dehydration of the 3rd leaf leaf margin, the slight dehydration of lobus cardiacus appear in leaf-shrinkage, first leaf and second leaf central part; 4 grades: the serious shrinkage of blade, first leaf is connected in flakes with second leaf dehydration spot, and blade is wilted, and the 3rd leaf central part beginning shows the dehydration spot, and the lobus cardiacus dehydration is obvious, but lobus cardiacus still can recover under the normal temperature; 5 grades: the serious dehydration of all blades is wilted, and seedling can not recover at normal temperatures.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 7, the standard that the cold resistance evaluation is identified is:
Extremely cold-resistant, 0≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.1;
Cold-resistant, 0.1≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.3;
Medium cold-resistant, 0.3≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.5;
More not cold-resistant, 0.5≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index＜0.7;
Not cold-resistant, 0.7≤damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index≤1.0.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, according to above cold resistance classification investigation result and cold resistance grading evaluation result, carries out cold resistance with reference to balsam pear cold resistance standard of perfection kind and identifies that cold resistance standard of perfection kind is decided to be:
Taiwan kind " bright jade " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Taiwan kind " jasper " is extremely cold-resistant standard variety, and plant does not have victimization state, and the cold resistance index is 0～0.1;
Sichuan landrace " white skin balsam pear " are cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.2;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-3 " is cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.1～0.25;
Sichuan kind " No. 2 Xiao Bai balsam pears " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.3～0.4;
Guangdong kind " Penang balsam pear " is medium cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Guangdong kind " long green balsam pear " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.4～0.45;
Hunan kind " Hunan grinds-2 " is more not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.45～0.5;
Thailand's kind " rascal balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.75～0.8;
Hunan kind " ancient cooking vessel board balsam pear " is not cold-resistant kind, and the cold resistance index is 0.8～0.
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