CN102801198B - Energy storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage device. This energy storage device includes: interconnect's energy storage battery and ultracapacitor system module be provided with on the circuit of energy storage battery and ultracapacitor system module and be used for carrying out charge-discharge control's controlling means to it, controlling means includes: the device comprises a central processing unit, and a pre-charging control circuit, a shunt control circuit and a discharge control and under-voltage protection circuit which are respectively electrically connected with the central processing unit and controlled by the central processing unit. The invention analyzes the circuit state through the control device, controls the circuit state through the control device, and charges and discharges the energy storage device in different modes under different states. The invention not only can realize the purpose of incorporating the super capacitor module in any charge state into the existing energy storage battery, but also can ensure the normal work of the energy storage device through the spontaneous regulation and control of the control circuit.

Description

energy storage device

Technical field:

The invention relates to a device for storing energy, in particular to an energy storage device based on a supercapacitor module.

Background technique:

Traditional energy storage devices are mainly lead-acid batteries. Although their performance is relatively stable and their cost is relatively low, due to their large size, heavy structure, and the serious environmental pollution of lead used as a raw material, they will gradually be used. eliminated by society.

Compared with the traditional energy storage device lead-acid battery, the lithium-ion battery developed in recent years has a certain improvement in discharge rate and energy density, and has less environmental pollution; but due to its own characteristics, its large The rate charge and discharge performance is poor; it also limits its application in electric vehicles, electric bicycles and other occasions that require high rate charge and discharge.

In order to meet the needs of the society, a new type of energy storage device supercapacitor has emerged in recent years. Because the supercapacitor has many advantages such as low internal resistance, high capacity, and high-power discharge performance, and has no pollution to the environment, it is an effective compensation It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional energy storage devices such as lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries; however, it is found during use that the energy density of supercapacitors is relatively low; this also limits the further application of supercapacitors.

In order to integrate the advantages of various energy storage devices, people have designed a composite energy storage device, that is, connect the supercapacitor cells in series or/and in parallel to form a supercapacitor module, and then connect it to the energy storage battery pack , forming a composite energy storage device; this kind of composite energy storage device has high power density and high energy density, realizes the complementary advantages between traditional energy storage batteries and supercapacitors, and meets the current society's demand for high-power, high-capacity energy storage equipment needs.

However, due to the different characteristics of the supercapacitor module and the energy storage battery, when the supercapacitor module is connected to the energy storage device, if the internal circuit such as the charging and discharging process is not controlled, the energy storage device will often be overcharged. On the other hand, if the energy storage device is left unused for a long time after charging, the leakage current of the supercapacitor is relatively large, if the supercapacitor module and the traditional storage device are not To make a certain schedule for the energy flow between the energy storage batteries, the supercapacitor module may over-discharge the voltage of the energy storage battery connected to it, which will seriously affect the performance of the energy storage device. In extreme cases , and even cause safety hazards.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of existing energy storage devices, and to provide an energy storage device based on a supercapacitor module, which can control the internal charging and discharging process, effectively reducing the The instantaneous high current of the energy storage battery pack can prolong the service life of the energy storage battery pack, prevent the energy storage battery pack from being damaged due to over-discharge, and prevent potential safety hazards.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the energy storage device includes an energy storage battery pack and a supercapacitor module connected to the energy storage battery pack, and the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor The circuit connected to the modules is provided with a control device for controlling the charge and discharge of the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module. The control device includes: a central processing unit, which is used to collect energy storage The electrical parameters of the battery pack and the supercapacitor module, and compare the collected values with the preset values to issue corresponding control commands; a pre-charge control circuit, which is connected to the central processing unit and controlled by the central processing unit After the central processing unit compares the collected value with the preset value, when the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module is greater than the preset value, the central processing unit issues a control command and starts the pre-charge control circuit to charge the supercapacitor module. group charging; when charging until the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module is less than or equal to the preset value, the central processing unit sends a control command to cut off the pre-charging control circuit; a shunt control circuit, the shunt control circuit It is connected with the central processing unit and controlled by the central processing unit. After the central processing unit compares the collected value with the preset value, when the current value of the energy storage battery pack is greater than the preset value, the central processing unit will start the shunt control circuit for shunt .

Further, the control device in the above technical solution also includes: a discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit, the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit is connected to the central processing unit and controlled by the central processing unit, and the central processing unit will collect the value After comparing with the preset value, when the voltage value of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the preset value, the central processing unit will activate the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit, cut off the circuit, and prevent the energy storage battery pack from over-discharging.

Further, the central processing unit in the above technical solution includes: an information collection module for collecting voltage signals and/or current signals from the energy storage battery pack and supercapacitor module circuit; an information collection module for analyzing the above information A logic control module that collects signals and issues corresponding instructions; and a pulse width modulation drive module that controls and regulates voltage through the logic control module, and the pulse width modulation drive module is used to adjust the charging pulse width of the precharge control circuit.

Further, the shunt control circuit in the above technical solution includes a current limiting resistor connected in series with the energy storage battery pack and a first switch connected in parallel with the current limiting resistor, the first switch is connected to the central processing unit and Open or close under the control of the central processing unit.

Further, the pre-charge control circuit in the above technical solution includes a third switch, an inductor and a diode, and the output terminal of the pre-charge control circuit is connected to the supercapacitor module and the second switch; When the voltage difference between the battery pack and the supercapacitor module is greater than a preset value, the second switch is turned off and the third switch is turned off and on periodically under the action of the execution signal sent by the central processing unit working state; the energy storage battery pack charges the supercapacitor module, when the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module is less than or equal to the preset value, the third switch is turned off and the second switch is closed, pre-charging Finish.

Further, the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit in the above technical solution includes a control switch, which is connected in series with the supercapacitor module, such that the voltage value of the energy storage battery pack collected by the central processing unit drops to When the preset voltage lower limit of the battery pack is disabled, the control switch is turned off under the action of the execution signal of the central processing unit.

Further, the control switch in the above technical solution is the second switch of the pre-charge control circuit.

Further, the first switch, the second switch and/or the third switch in the above technical solution is any one of the following switches: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Further, the energy storage battery pack in the above technical solution is a lead-acid battery pack, a lithium ion battery pack or/and a fuel cell.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Since the present invention is provided with a pre-charge control circuit, the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module of the pre-charge control circuit is greater than a certain value , the supercapacitor module can be pre-charged, so that the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor If the voltage difference between the supercapacitor module and the energy storage battery pack is too large, the service life of the supercapacitor module or the energy storage battery pack will be reduced or damaged; (2) Since the invention is also equipped with a discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit, the When the device is working, if the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is low, the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit can cut off the circuit, thereby preventing the energy storage battery pack from being damaged due to over-discharge; if the energy storage device is left for a long time, the The undervoltage protection circuit can also cut off the circuit, thereby preventing energy waste. (3) Since the present invention is provided with a shunt control circuit, when the energy storage device is working, if the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack is too large, the shunt control circuit can The current flowing through the energy storage battery pack can be reduced, thereby protecting the energy storage battery pack from damage and improving the overall life of the energy storage device; (4) the present invention automatically regulates and controls the energy storage battery pack and the The supercapacitor modules work in harmony, and the energy storage battery pack will not be damaged due to the self-discharge of the leakage current of the supercapacitor module; in addition, the present invention has a safe, reliable and efficient circuit structure by regulating its charging and discharging current and state of charge. The characteristics of simplicity and ease of use can effectively realize the optimization of the coordinated work between two different energy storage elements, and maximize the service life of the battery pack, thus having significant economic benefits and technological progress.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the central control unit of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shunt control circuit of the present invention, which shows a schematic diagram of the application of the shunt control circuit to the energy storage device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pre-charging control circuit of the present invention, which shows a schematic diagram of the pre-charging control circuit applied to the energy storage device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the circuit components of the present invention, which shows the connection diagram of the circuit components of an embodiment of the application of the shunt control circuit, the pre-charge control circuit, the discharge control and the undervoltage protection circuit to the energy storage device of the present invention.

Detailed ways:

Referring to Fig. 1, the energy storage device of the present invention includes a supercapacitor module 5 and an energy storage battery pack 6; the supercapacitor module 5 and the energy storage battery pack 6 are connected in parallel to store energy and provide energy to a load 8 .

In order to improve the safety performance of the energy storage device and prevent the energy storage device from causing potential safety hazards due to overcharging or over-discharging when charging or discharging, the present invention sets a There is a control device, which can effectively regulate and control the energy storage battery pack and the supercapacitor module when charging and discharging, effectively reducing the instantaneous high current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6, and prolonging the life of the energy storage battery pack. 6, and can prevent the energy storage battery pack 6 from being damaged due to over-discharge.

The control device of the present invention includes: a shunt control circuit 1 , a precharge control circuit 2 , a discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3 and a central control unit 4 . The shunt control circuit 1 , precharge control circuit 2 , discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3 are all connected to the central control unit 4 and controlled by the central control unit 4 . The super capacitor module 5 and the energy storage battery pack 6 are connected in parallel, and the control device is connected to the circuit in which the super capacitor module 5 and the energy storage battery pack 6 are connected in parallel. An external load 8 is connected to the energy storage device of the present invention through a load controller 7; the load 8 can be a device or device with a large-capacity battery such as an electric bicycle.

When working, if the central processing unit 4 collects information and finds that the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is greater than a preset value, the central processing unit 4 sends an execution signal to start the pre-charge control circuit 4, The supercapacitor module 5 is charged, and when the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to a preset value, the pre-charging phase ends. It prevents the supercapacitor module 5 and the energy storage battery pack 6 from being turned on in parallel due to the excessive voltage difference between the supercapacitor module 5 and the energy storage battery pack 6, causing the service life of the supercapacitor module 5 or the energy storage battery pack 6 to be reduced or Damaged: the central processing unit 4 collects the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6, and when the external load requires the energy storage device to provide a momentary high current, the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 is greater than the preset value, and the central processing unit 4 issues an instruction , start the shunt control circuit 1, shunt the energy storage battery pack 6, reduce the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6, and then protect the energy storage battery pack 6 from the impact of instantaneous high current, prolong the life of the energy storage battery pack When the central processing unit 4 collects information and finds that the voltage value of the energy storage battery pack 6 is less than the preset value, the central processing unit 4 issues an instruction to start the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3 to cut off the energy storage The circuit of the battery pack 6 prevents the energy storage battery pack 6 from being damaged due to over-discharge.

Referring to Fig. 2, the central processing unit 4 of the present invention includes an information collection module 42, a logic control module 41 and a pulse width modulation drive module 43; For the electrical parameter value of group 5, the logic control module 41 is used to analyze the electrical parameter value collected by the information collection module 41 to determine whether to send an execution signal to the shunt control circuit, discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit and/or pre-set charging control circuit; the pulse width modulation drive module is used to adjust the charging pulse width of the pre-charging control circuit.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the information collection module 42 feeds back the collected current signal flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 to the logic control module 41, and the logic control module 41 conducts analysis and judgment. If the current value is found to be greater than the preset value, the logic The control module 41 then sends an instruction to the shunt control circuit 1 .

The shunt control circuit 1 of the present invention includes a current-limiting resistor 12, a shunt drive and a first switch 11, the current-limiting resistor 12 is connected in series with the energy storage battery pack 6, and the first switch 11 is connected in parallel with the current-limiting resistor 12. When the current value flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 is greater than the preset value, the first switch 11 is disconnected under the action of the logic control module 41 of the central processing unit 4. At this time, the current limiting resistor 12 is in phase with the energy storage battery pack 6. series, and because the branch formed by the current-limiting resistor 12 and the energy storage battery pack 6 is connected in parallel with the supercapacitor module 5, when the resistance of the branch where the energy storage battery pack 6 is located increases, the current flowing through the branch will be It will decrease correspondingly, and then the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 will decrease; when the detected current value is within the normal value range or exceeds the set delay time, the first switch 11 will play a role in the control of the central processing unit 4 Close down.

Referring to Fig. 4, the information collection module 42 feeds back the collected voltage or/current signal to the logic control module 41, and the logic control module 41 analyzes and judges, if it is found that the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 When the voltage difference is greater than the preset value, the logic control 41 sends an execution signal to the pulse width modulation drive circuit 43, and after the pulse width modulation drive circuit 43 adjusts the charging pulse width of the precharge control circuit, the precharge control circuit 2 is started Charge the supercapacitor module 5, when the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to the preset value, under the control of the central processing unit, the supercapacitor module 5 and the The energy storage batteries 6 are connected in parallel, and the precharge control circuit stops charging the supercapacitor module 5 .

The discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3 includes a control switch 31, which is connected in series with the supercapacitor module 5, so that the voltage value of the energy storage battery pack 6 collected by the central processing unit 4 drops to the energy storage When the preset voltage of the battery pack 6 is at the lower limit, the control switch 31 is turned off under the action of the execution signal of the central processing unit 4 .

Referring to FIG. 5 , for a clearer understanding of the present invention, as an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 , the components of the shunt control circuit 1 of the present invention include: a first switch 11 and a current limiting resistor 12 . When the current value flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 is greater than the preset value, under the action of the central processing unit 4, the first switch 11 is disconnected. At this time, the current limiting resistor 12 is connected in series with the energy storage battery pack 6 to store energy. The resistance of the branch circuit where the battery pack 6 is located becomes larger, so that the current flowing through the energy storage battery pack 6 decreases; when the detected current value is within the normal value range or exceeds the set delay time, the first switch 11 is activated in the central processing unit Closed under the control of 4, at this time, the current limiting resistor 12 is in a short circuit state.

The pre-charge control circuit 2 of the present invention includes a third switch 21 , an inductor 22 and a diode 23 , and the output terminal of the pre-charge control circuit 2 is connected to the supercapacitor module 5 and the second switch 24 .

The control switch 31 of the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3 in this embodiment is the same switch as the second switch 24 of the precharge control circuit 2. When the information collected by the central processing unit determines that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6 is low At the preset value, the central processing unit issues an instruction to cut off the control switch 31 to avoid over-discharging of the energy storage battery pack 6; similarly, when the voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6 is lower than the preset value due to long-term storage, the control switch 31 is also disconnected to prevent the energy storage battery pack 6 from continuing to discharge.

When the difference between the voltages of the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 collected by the central processing unit is greater than a preset value, the second switch 24 is turned off under the action of the execution signal sent by the central processing unit and the The third switch 21 is in the working state of opening and closing periodically. The energy storage battery pack 6 charges the supercapacitor module 5 until the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to the preset value, the third switch 21 is disconnected, and the second switch 24 Closed, the pre-charge phase ends.

The control switch 31 of the discharge control and undervoltage control circuit 3 of the present invention is the second switch 24 as shown in Figure 5, and the second switch 24 is connected in series with the supercapacitor module 5, as collected by the central processing unit 4 When the voltage value of the energy storage battery pack 6 drops to the lower limit of the voltage of the preset energy storage battery pack, the central processing unit 4 sends an execution signal to disconnect the second switch 24, cutting off the discharge circuit of the energy storage battery pack 6 , thereby avoiding further discharge of the energy storage battery pack 6 .

The central control unit 4 of the present invention can be a single-chip microcomputer, which is coupled with a pulse width modulation driver for adjusting electrical parameters, and the information collection module 42 will be connected with the sensor to measure the electrical parameters in the control circuit; during charging, The central control unit 4 judges the working state of the energy storage device according to the electrical parameters collected by the sensor connected to the information collection module 42, and based on the obtained result, adjusts the charging current and the charging current through the pulse width adjustment of the pulse width regulator PWM. The voltage is adjusted to an appropriate value to precharge the supercapacitor module 5 .

The above-mentioned first switch, second switch and/or third switch of the present invention is any one of the following switches: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, and insulated gate bipolar transistor.

The energy storage battery pack of the present invention is a lead-acid battery pack, a lithium ion battery pack or/and a fuel cell.

Below with regard to the structure of the present invention its work process is described in detail:

When the supercapacitor module of the energy storage device of the present invention is precharged, first, the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is periodically detected by the central control unit 4 through its information collection module 42, and then , the logic control module 41 compares the collected terminal voltage value with the preset charging voltage value, if the difference between the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is greater than the preset value, the logic control Under the action of the execution signal sent by the module 41, the second switch 24 is kept open and the third switch 21 is in a working state of being open and closed periodically. The energy storage battery pack 6 charges the supercapacitor module 5 until the voltage difference between the energy storage battery pack 6 and the supercapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to the preset value, the third switch 21 is disconnected, and the second switch 24 Closed, the pre-charge phase ends.

When the energy storage device of the present invention is discharging, at first, the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6 is periodically detected by the central control unit 4 through its information collection module 42, and then the terminal voltage value collected by the logic control module 41 is compared with Compared with the preset discharge voltage value; when the collected terminal voltage value is less than the preset voltage value, the logic control module 42 sends a signal to disconnect the discharge circuit to the discharge control and undervoltage protection circuit 3, and the Open the electrical circuit to avoid excessive discharge of the energy storage battery pack 6 .

At the same time, the central control unit 4 of the present invention also periodically detects the current value of the energy storage battery pack 6 in a timely manner, and then compares the collected current value with the preset current value by the logic control module 41, as collected When the current value is greater than the preset current value, the logic control module 42 sends an execution signal to the shunt control circuit to shunt the energy storage battery pack 6 to prevent the excessive current passing through the energy storage battery pack 6 from causing The service life of the energy storage battery pack 6 is reduced.

Similarly, when the energy storage device of the present invention is left unused for a long time, the information collection module 42 in the central control unit 4 will also periodically detect the terminal voltage of the energy storage battery pack 6, and then the logic control module 41 will collect the above-mentioned The terminal voltage value is compared with the preset discharge voltage value; when the collected terminal voltage value is less than the preset voltage value, the logic control module 42 sends a signal to disconnect the discharge circuit to the discharge control for its undervoltage The protection circuit 3 disconnects the discharge circuit to avoid excessive discharge of the energy storage battery pack, thereby also saving electric energy.

Claims (6)

1. an energy storage device, the ultracapacitor module comprising energy-storage battery group and be connected with this energy-storage battery group, it is characterized in that, the circuit that described energy-storage battery group is connected with ultracapacitor module is provided with in order to the control device carrying out charge and discharge control to energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, and described control device comprises:

One CPU, this CPU in order to gather the electric parameter of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, and by the numerical value of collection to send corresponding control command after default value;

One preliminary filling control circuit, this preliminary filling control circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is greater than preset value, CPU sends control command and starts preliminary filling control circuit to ultracapacitor module charges; When the voltage difference charging to described energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, CPU sends control command and cuts off preliminary filling control circuit;

One shunting circuit, this shunting circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the current value of energy-storage battery group is greater than preset value, startup shunting circuit is shunted by CPU;

Described shunting circuit comprises the current-limiting resistance be in series with energy-storage battery group and the first switch be in parallel with this current-limiting resistance, and described first switch is connected with described CPU and disconnects under the control action of CPU or close;

Described control device also comprises: control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit, this control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit are connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group is less than preset value, star t-up discharge controls and under-voltage protecting circuit by CPU, cuts off circuit, prevents energy-storage battery group from crossing and put;

Described preliminary filling control circuit comprises the 3rd switch, inductance and diode, forms a parallel circuits again after described inductance and a capacitances in series with this diodes in parallel, and the 3rd described switch is connected with this parallel circuits and CPU; The output of described preliminary filling control circuit is connected with second switch with ultracapacitor module; As CPU the difference of voltage of the energy-storage battery group that gathers and ultracapacitor module be greater than preset value time, under the executive signal effect that CPU sends, described second switch disconnects and described 3rd switch is in and periodically disconnects and closed operating state, and energy-storage battery group is charged to ultracapacitor module; When the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, the 3rd switch disconnects and second switch closes, and preliminary filling terminates.

2. energy storage device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CPU comprises:

One for gathering from energy-storage battery group and the voltage signal of ultracapacitor modular circuit and/or the information acquisition module of current signal;

One for analyzing the signal of above-mentioned information acquisition module collection and sending the Logic control module of corresponding instruction; And

One to be controlled by Logic control module, the pulse-width modulation driver module of regulation voltage, described pulse-width modulation driver module is in order to regulate the charging pulse width of preliminary filling control circuit.

3. energy storage device as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit comprise control switch; this control switch is connected with described ultracapacitor module; as CPU the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group that gathers to be down under the predeterminated voltage of energy-storage battery group in limited time, under the effect of CPU executive signal, this control switch disconnects.

4. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described control switch is second switch.

5. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described first switch, second switch and/or the 3rd switch are any one in following switch: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, igbt.

6. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described energy-storage battery group is that lead-acid battery group, Li-ion batteries piles are or/and fuel cell.