CN102800984B - Metamaterial antenna - Google Patents
Metamaterial antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102800984B CN102800984B CN201110179864.0A CN201110179864A CN102800984B CN 102800984 B CN102800984 B CN 102800984B CN 201110179864 A CN201110179864 A CN 201110179864A CN 102800984 B CN102800984 B CN 102800984B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metamaterial antenna. The antenna comprises an oscillator for generating electromagnetic waves, and a metamaterial film layer for converging the electromagnetic waves generated by the oscillator and then radiating the electromagnetic waves outwards and also for converting spherical electromagnetic waves generated by the oscillator into plane electromagnetic waves; the antenna also comprises a reflecting body for reflecting part of the electromagnetic waves generated by the oscillator into the metamaterial film layer, and two conductors for reflecting part of the electromagnetic waves at the connection part between the reflecting body and the metamaterial film layer, wherein the oscillator is located in the reflecting body; and the reflecting body, the two conductors and the metamaterial film layer are connected successively, and collectively constitute a closed cavity. The metamaterial antenna provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that by arranging the vertical conductors at an opening of the reflecting body and arranging the metamaterial film layer on the conductors, the half-power bandwidth of the antenna is greatly reduced, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, so that the antenna directivity is better, and further-distance emission of the antenna is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to super Material Field, relate in particular to a kind of super material antenna.
Background technology
Half-power angle, also claims 3dB beamwidth, half-power beam width, half-power bandwidth.In power radiation pattern, in a certain plane that comprises main lobe greatest irradiation direction, the angle relative greatest irradiation direction power flux-density being dropped between 2 of half place (or being less than maximum 3dB) calls half-power beam width.In field strength pattern, in a certain plane that comprises main lobe greatest irradiation direction, relative greatest irradiation direction field intensity is dropped to 0.707 times of angle of locating also referred to as half-power beam width.Horizontal plane half-power beam width refers to the half-power beam width of horizontal radiation pattern, and vertical plane half-power beam width refers to the half-power beam width of elevation radiation patytern.In directional antenna, antenna propagate distance determined by vertical plane half-power beam width, vertical plane half-power bandwidth is less, the gain of antenna is just larger, and the signal propagation distance of antenna transmission is just far away, otherwise, the gain of antenna is just less, and the distance that signal is propagated is also just nearer.
The method of improving half-power bandwidth in prior art generally has: dielectric coatings method.Dielectric coatings method adopts the form of antenna protecting equipment to be carried in the front end of aerial array, and this method can improve the gain of aerial array 3db left and right, makes half-power bandwidth become 36 ° and the directivity of antenna is improved.But in the time of signal long-distance transmissions, half-power bandwidth cannot reach our demand, set up again some base stations or relay station in order to meet long range signals transmission needs, the cost strengthening like this, also all makes troubles to signal transmitting or acceptance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the less problem of prior art antenna half-power bandwidth, a kind of super material antenna is provided, this antenna by arranging vertical conductor and super material film layer being set on conductor on reflector opening, reduce greatly the half-power bandwidth of antenna, improve the front and back ratio of antenna, make antenna directivity better, promoted antenna to launch more at a distance.
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical scheme that the present invention adopts:
A kind of super material antenna, described antenna comprises: an oscillator, for generation of electromagnetic wave; One surpass material film layer, after converging for the electromagnetic wave that described oscillator is produced and to external radiation, be also converted to plane electromagnetic wave for the sphere electromagnetic wave that described oscillator is produced; Described antenna also comprises a reflector, arrives in super material film layer for the part reflection of electromagnetic wave that oscillator is produced; And two conductors, for reflecting the part electromagnetic wave of described reflector and super material film layer connecting place, described oscillator is positioned at reflector, and reflector, two conductors and super material film layer are connected successively, and jointly form the cavity of a sealing.
Further, described reflector respectively with two vertical being connected of conductor.
Further, described super material film layer is made up of multiple super sheet of material, wherein, the super sheet of material that approaches most described oscillator is the first to surpass sheet of material, the described refractive index Yi Qi center that the first surpasses sheet of material is the rounded distribution in the center of circle, and the refraction index profile that the first surpasses sheet of material is along with the Changing Pattern of radius r is as following formula:
N in formula
maxrepresent the first to surpass the largest refractive index value in sheet of material, d represents the first to surpass the thickness of sheet of material, and s represents that described oscillator to the first surpasses the distance of sheet of material, and n (r) represents the first to surpass sheet of material inside radius r place refractive index value.
Further, the structure of described each super sheet of material is identical, and the substrate and the cycle that include sheet are arranged in the multiple artificial micro-structural on described substrate.
Further, the material of described two conductors and reflector is identical and be electric conductor.
Further, in described super material film layer except the multiple super sheet of material that the first surpasses sheet of material is all with the first to surpass sheet of material identical.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is to form by least one one metal wire the planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic field are had to response.
Further, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
Further, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
Further, described artificial micro-structural be derivative shape, flakes or the alabastrine derivative shape of " work " font, " work " font any one.
Further, described substrate is made by ceramic material, epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, FR-4 composite material or F4B composite material.
The present invention is with respect to prior art, there is following beneficial effect: a kind of super material antenna of the present invention by arranging vertical conductor and super material film layer being set on conductor on reflector opening, reduce greatly the half-power bandwidth of antenna, improve the front and back ratio of antenna, make antenna directivity better, promoted antenna to launch more at a distance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of super material antenna of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is circular area schematic in super material film layer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is refractive index distribution schematic diagram in super sheet of material of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention structural representation;
Fig. 5 A is ' I-shaped ' artificial micro-structural on super material film layer;
Fig. 5 B is ' flakes ' artificial micro-structural on super material film layer;
Fig. 5 C is the artificial micro-structural of the another kind ' flakes ' on super material film layer;
Fig. 5 D is another derived structure of a kind of concrete form ' flakes ' structure of the artificial micro-structural on super material film layer;
Fig. 6 adopts the artificial micro-structural of the I-shape construction arrangement schematic diagram in the substrate of super material film layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Super material is a kind ofly to carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response taking artificial micro-structural as elementary cell and with ad hoc fashion, comprises the artificial micro-structural that the cycle arranges and the substrate adhering to for artificial micro-structural.Artificial micro-structural is to form by least one one metal wire the planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic wave are had to response, multiple artificial micro-structurals array arrangement on substrate, each artificial micro-structural with and the accompanying shared part of substrate be a super material cell.Substrate can be the different material of any and artificial micro-structural, and the stack of this bi-material makes each super material cell produce an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, these two physical parameters are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of super material cell.Super material is determined by the feature of artificial micro-structural the feature of electromagnetic response, and the electromagnetic response of artificial micro-structural depends on topological characteristic and its physical dimension that its pattern wiry has to a great extent.According to topological graph and the physical dimension of each artificial micro-structural of arranging in the super material space of above-mentioned principle design, just can arrange the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in super material.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of super material antenna, comprises an oscillator 10, super material film layer 20, reflector 30 and two conductors 40.Described reflector 30, two conductors 40 and super material film layer 20 are connected successively and jointly form a closed cavity, and described oscillator 10 is placed in reflector 30, described reflector 30 respectively with two vertical being connected of conductor 40.
Oscillator 10 is for radiated electromagnetic wave, wherein most of electromagnetic wave directly enters in super material film layer 20 and reflects and converge, and be converted to plane electromagnetic wave, after also having small part electromagnetic wave by reflector 30 reflections, after converging, super material film layer 20 refraction are converted to plane electromagnetic wave again, two conductors 40 are for reflecting the electromagnetic wave between super material film layer 20 and reflector 30, avoid small part electromagnetic wave to creep away from the gap between the two, affect the front and back ratio of antenna, in the present embodiment, reflector 30 is identical with the material of two conductors 40, conventionally be all that electromagnetic wave is had to good reflection function, be preferably electric conductor.
The refraction aggregation feature of described super material film layer 20 is that the refraction index profile by designing in it realizes, described super material film layer 20 is made up of multiple super sheet of material, and substrate and cycle that described each super sheet of material includes sheet are arranged in the multiple artificial micro-structural on described substrate.
Taking Fig. 1 as example, super material film layer 20 comprises and the first surpasses sheet of material 201, the second surpasses sheet of material 202, and three surpass sheet of material 203.As shown in Figure 2, the refractive index Yi Qi center of each super sheet of material is the rounded distribution in the center of circle.
The described refraction index profile rule of sheet of material 201 in its border circular areas that the first surpass is as following formula:
N in its Chinese style
maxrepresent the first to surpass the largest refractive index value in sheet of material, d represents the first to surpass the thickness of sheet of material, and s represents that described oscillator to the first surpasses the distance of sheet of material, and n (r) represents the first to surpass sheet of material inside radius r place refractive index value.
In the present embodiment, described super material film layer 20 can be designed to the refraction index profile of incident electromagnetic wave as shown in Figure 3, and wherein AA ' is the central axis of super material film layer, according to above-mentioned formula:
N
1> n
2> n
3> ... > n
p, m is greater than 3 natural numbers that are less than or equal to q.
Multiple super sheet of material in super material film layer 20 is all with the first to surpass sheet of material 201 identical, the second surpasses sheet of material 202 and and three surpasses sheet of material 203 all with the first to surpass sheet of material 201 identical.
We know that refractive index formula is conventionally
the refractive index of super material is also like this, namely the refractive index of super material square is directly proportional to dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of material, the general variation not quite of magnetic permeability of conventional dielectric material, can regard a constant value as, so the refractive index of super material is only relevant to the dielectric constant of super material to a great extent, dielectric constant is larger, and the refractive index of super material is just larger.
Through theoretical and actual proof, the dielectric constant of super material is relevant with the artificial micro-structural shape and size in substrate and substrate, substrate adopts dielectric insulation material to make, can be ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material, ferromagnetic material etc., macromolecular material can be for example, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.Artificial micro-structural is to be attached to the metal wire that can have to electromagnetic wave response on substrate with certain geometry, metal wire can be that section is the copper cash of cylindric or flat, silver line etc., the general copper that adopts, because copper wire is relatively cheap, certainly the section of metal wire can be also other shapes, metal wire is by etching, electroplate, bore and carve, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter etc. technique be attached on substrate, whole super sheet of material is divided into multiple unit (comprise the substrate in this unit and be attached to the artificial micro-structural on this cell substrate), each unit has an artificial micro-structural, each unit can produce response to the electromagnetic wave by wherein, thereby affect electromagnetic wave transmission therein, the size of each unit depends on the electromagnetic wave of needs response, be generally required response electromagnetic wavelength 1/10th, in space, can not be regarded as continuously otherwise what the unit that comprises artificial micro-structural in space formed be arranged in.
In the situation that substrate is selected, by adjusting pattern, size and the spatial distribution on substrate thereof of artificial micro-structural, can adjust effective dielectric constant and equivalent permeability and then the super material of change equivalent refractive index everywhere everywhere on super material.In the time that artificial micro-structural adopts identical geometry, the size of the artificial micro-structural in somewhere is larger, and the effective dielectric constant at this place is larger, and refractive index is also larger.
The pattern of the artificial micro-structural that the present embodiment adopts is I-shaped, as shown in Figure 5A, the distribution of artificial micro-structural on substrate as shown in Figure 6, as shown in Figure 6, on substrate, the size of the artificial micro-structural of flakes therefrom diminishes around mind-set gradually, locate in substrate center, the size maximum of alabastrine artificial micro-structural, and measure-alike in the artificial micro-structural of flakes at distance center same radius place, therefore the effective dielectric constant of substrate is diminished to surrounding gradually by centre, middle effective dielectric constant maximum, thereby the refractive index of substrate diminishes to surrounding gradually from centre, the refractive index maximum of mid portion.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, the pattern of artificial micro-structural can be two dimension, also can be three-dimensional structure, " work " font (as shown in Figure 5A) that is not limited to use in this embodiment, it can be the derived structure of " work " font, it can be the alabastrine derived structure shown in each the orthogonal flakes in limit in three dimensions shown in Fig. 5 B and Fig. 5 C and Fig. 5 D, also can be other geometry, wherein different artificial micro-structurals can be that pattern is identical, but its design size difference, also can be that pattern and design size are all not identical.The quantity that forms the substrate of super material can increase and can subtract as required, and the structure of each plate base can be identical, also can be different, and can parallel ejaculation after super material panel is propagated as long as meet the electromagnetic wave being sent by antenna element.
Another embodiment of a kind of super material antenna of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, this antenna comprises: five oscillators 10 ', super material film layer 20 ', reflector 30 ' and two conductors 40 ', described five oscillators 10 ' be arranged in side by side reflector 30 ' in, described reflector 30 ', two conductors 40 ' and super material film layer 20 ' be connected successively jointly form a closed cavity, reflector 30 ' respectively and two conductors 40 ' be vertical being connected, wherein, super material film layer 20 ' the be super material film layer 20 in five the first embodiment composition of arranging side by side.
Five oscillators 10 ' launch sphere electromagnetic wave major part directly to converge and be converted to plane electromagnetic wave by super material film layer 20 ' refraction, then radiate, all the other small part electromagnetic waves converge and are converted to plane electromagnetic wave by super material film layer 20 ' refraction after reflector 30 ' reflection gain, finally radiate, also have small part from reflector 30 ' and super material film layer 20 ' between the electromagnetic wave in gap by two conductors 40 ' reflect, avoid it to run out of outside enclosed cavity, affect the front and back ratio of antenna.
Super material film layer 20 in the present embodiment ' structure with and the inner refractive index regularity of distribution all identical with the super material film layer 20 in the first embodiment.
A kind of super material antenna of the present invention by arranging vertical conductor and super material film layer being set on conductor on reflector opening, reduce greatly the half-power bandwidth of antenna, the front and back ratio that has improved antenna, makes antenna directivity better, has promoted antenna to launch more at a distance.
Above-described embodiment is preferably execution mode of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not run counter to change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a super material antenna, described antenna comprises: an oscillator, for generation of electromagnetic wave; One surpass material film layer, after converging for the electromagnetic wave that described oscillator is produced and to external radiation; It is characterized in that, described antenna also comprises a reflector, arrives in super material film layer for the part reflection of electromagnetic wave that oscillator is produced; And two conductors, for reflecting the part electromagnetic wave of described reflector and super material film layer connecting place, the material of described two conductors and reflector is identical and be electric conductor, and described reflector respectively with two vertical being connected of conductor, described oscillator is positioned at reflector, reflector, two conductors and super material film layer are connected successively, and jointly form the cavity of a sealing.
2. the super material antenna of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described super material film layer is made up of multiple super sheet of material, wherein, the super sheet of material that approaches most described oscillator is the first to surpass sheet of material, the described refractive index Yi Qi center that the first surpasses sheet of material is that the center of circle is prototype and distributes, and the refraction index profile that the first surpasses sheet of material is along with the Changing Pattern of radius r is as following formula:
N in formula
maxrepresent the first to surpass the largest refractive index value in sheet of material, d represents the first to surpass the thickness of sheet of material, and s represents that described oscillator to the first surpasses the distance of sheet of material, and n (r) represents the first to surpass the refractive index value at sheet of material inside radius r place.
3. the super material antenna of one according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the structure of each super sheet of material is identical, and the substrate and the cycle that include sheet are arranged in the multiple artificial micro-structural on described substrate.
4. the super material antenna of one according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described super material film layer except the multiple super sheet of material that the first surpasses sheet of material is all with the first to surpass sheet of material identical.
5. the super material antenna of one according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is to form by least one one metal wire the planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic field are had to response.
6. the super material antenna of one according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
7. the super material antenna of one according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described wire is attached on substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
8. the super material antenna of one according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural be the derivative shape of " work " font, " work " font, flakes or alabastrine derivative shape any one.
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| CN201110179864.0A CN102800984B (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2011-06-29 | Metamaterial antenna |
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| CN201110179864.0A CN102800984B (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2011-06-29 | Metamaterial antenna |
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| CN102800984B true CN102800984B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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| WO2019060782A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Duke University | Enhanced mimo communication systems using reconfigurable metasurface antennas and methods of using same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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