CN102709709B - Super-material antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an super-material antenna, which comprises a casing, a feed source, a first super material tightly clung to a caliber edge of the feed source, a second super material preinstalled at distant intervals and opposite to the first super material, and a third super material tightly clung to the edge of the second super material; a sealing cavity is formed by the casing and the feed source, the first super material, the second super material and the third super material; a center axis of the feed source passes through a center point of the first super material and the second super material; and a reflective layer for reflecting electromagnetic wave is arranged on surfaces outside the cavities of the first super material and the second super material. By the adoption of a unique electromagnetic property of super materials, the caliber efficiency of the antenna is increased through multiple reflections of electromagnetic wave, and remarkable response of a far field and a radiation field is obtained. Meanwhile, the thickness of the antenna is greatly decreased through the design of multiple reflections, and the antenna system is more miniature.

Description

Super material antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to a kind of super material antenna.

Background technology

" super material " refers to artificial composite structure or the composite material that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick at material, can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtain the meta-materials function that exceeds the intrinsic common character of nature.

The refraction index profile of super material internal is the key component that super material list reveals extraordinary function, different function corresponding to refraction index profile.Refraction index profile is more accurate, and the function realizing is better.For particularly horn antenna of conventional antenna, its aperture efficiency has considerable influence to the raising of antenna directivity and gain, cannot obtain good far-field radiation response.And existing antenna size is larger, realizes miniaturization more difficult.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for above-mentioned far-field radiation response and the more difficult defect of miniaturization of prior art, provides a kind of super material.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of super material antenna of structure, comprise shell, feed, be close to described feed bore edge the first surpass material, and described the first surpass material interval predeterminable range and be oppositely arranged the second surpass material and be close to the of the described edge that the second surpasses material and three surpass material; Described shell and feed, the first surpass material, the second surpass the cavity that material, the three surpasses material and form sealing;

The central axis of wherein said feed is through the described central point that the first surpasses material and the second surpass material; Described the first surpass material and the second surpass being positioned at of material on the surface outside cavity, be also provided with the reflector for reflection electromagnetic wave.

In super material antenna of the present invention, be radiated the described electromagnetic wave that the second surpasses material and behind reflector, get around described feed and be reflected to described the first surpassing on material; Be radiated the described electromagnetic wave that the first surpasses material behind reflector, get around described the second surpass material and be reflected to described three surpass on material.

In super material antenna of the present invention, the described material that the first surpasses comprises multiple sheet of material that the first surpass, each the first surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the first base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the first artificial metal micro structures on the first base material, the first surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.

In super material antenna of the present invention, the described material that the second surpasses is for being radiated the described material that the first surpasses by being radiated electromagnetic wave on it after reflection again, taking the described central point that the second surpasses material as the center of circle, and the refractive index n at radius y place ₂(y) meet following formula:

$n_2\left(y\right)=n_{\min 2}+\frac{1}{d_2}*(\mathrm{ss}+|y|*\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2-\sqrt{{\mathrm{ss}}^2+y^2});$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

Wherein, n _min2for the described minimum refractive index that the second surpasses material, d ₂for the described thickness that the second surpasses material, ss is that feed is to the described distance that the second surpasses material, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of described feed, θ ₂ represent warp incidence angle when the second surpassing electromagenetic wave radiation to the first after material reflection and surpassing on material.

In super material antenna of the present invention, the described material that the second surpasses comprises multiple sheet of material that the second surpass, each the second surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the second base material and cycle are arranged in the multiple second artificial metal's micro-structurals on the second base material, the second surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.

In super material antenna of the present invention, the described material that the first surpasses is for being radiated described the again three surpassing material after reflection being radiated electromagnetic wave on it, taking the described central point that the first surpasses material as the center of circle, and the refractive index n at radius y place ₁(y) meet following formula:

$n_1\left(y\right)=n_{\min 1}+\frac{1}{d_1}*\left(\right|y|-r_k)*(\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2);$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\≥\frac{r_2-r_k}{\sqrt{{(r_2-r_k)}^2+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

Wherein, n _min1for the described minimum refractive index that the first surpasses material, d ₁for the described thickness that the first surpasses material, ss is that feed is to the described distance that the second surpasses material, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of described feed, θ ₂ represent warp incidence angle when the second surpassing electromagenetic wave radiation to the first after material reflection and surpassing on material; θ ₁ represent through the first surpassing incidence angle when electromagenetic wave radiation to the after material reflection three surpasses on material; r ₂ represent the second to surpass material large radius.

In super material antenna of the present invention, described three surpasses the functional layer that material comprises that the super sheet of material of the function identical by multiple thickness, refraction index profile is identical is formed by stacking, the super sheet of material of each function comprises that the 3rd base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the 3rd artificial metal's micro-structurals on the 3rd base material, the refractive index of the super sheet of material of described function is circular concentric and distributes taking its central point as the center of circle, the refractive index maximum of circle centre position, the refractive index at same radius place is identical; Refraction index profile in the super sheet of material of described function obtains as follows:

S1: determine that three surpasses the border of each layer of material region of living in and the super sheet of material of function, now the three surpasses and in material area, fills air, feed is fixed on to the and three surpasses material area front and make the central axis and the of feed three surpass material area central axes; After feed radiated electromagnetic wave, test and record the initial phase that three surpasses the front surface of the super sheet of material of i layer function on material function layer, the initial phase of the front surface each point of the super sheet of material of i layer function is designated as wherein the initial phase at central axis place is designated as

S2: according to formula obtain and three surpass the phase place Ψ of material rear surface,

Wherein, M forms the total number of plies that three surpasses the super sheet of material of function of material function layer, and d is the thickness of the super sheet of material of every layer function, and λ is the electromagnetic wavelength of feed radiation, n _max3the largest refractive index value having for the super sheet of material of function;

S3: the initial phase obtaining according to test in step S1 the reference phase Ψ obtaining in step S2 and formula obtain the refraction index profile n of the super sheet of material of function ₃(y);

Wherein, y be in the super sheet of material of function any point apart from the distance of the super sheet of material central axis of function.

In super material antenna of the present invention, described three surpass material also comprise be symmetricly set in functional layer both sides first to N layer impedance matching layer, wherein, two-layer N impedance matching layer is close to described functional layer.

In super material antenna of the present invention, described first to N layer impedance matching layer be first to N coupling super sheet of material, every layer mate super sheet of material comprise that the 4th base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the 4th artificial metal's micro-structurals of the 4th base material; The refractive index of every layer of super sheet of material of coupling is circular concentric and distributes taking its central point as the center of circle, the refractive index maximum of circle centre position, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical; In the super sheet of material of the first to N coupling, the refractive index at same radius place is not identical.

In super material antenna of the present invention, the refraction index profile n of described the first to N super sheet of material of coupling and the super sheet of material of described function ₃( _y) pass be:

${N\left(y\right)}_j=n_{\min 3}+\frac{j}{N+1}*(n_3\left(y\right)-n_{\min 3});$

Wherein, j represents the sequence number number of the super sheet of material of the first to N coupling, n _min3for the minimum refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described function has, N (y) _j represent the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of j coupling.

Implement technical scheme of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: the present invention utilizes the electromagnetic property of super material uniqueness, by electromagnetic multiple reflections, improved the aperture efficiency of antenna, obtain good far-field radiation field response.Meanwhile, the design of multiple reflections, has greatly cut down antenna thickness, makes antenna system miniaturization more.

Brief description of the drawings

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the end view according to the super material antenna of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of desired parameters in super design of material;

Fig. 3 is the propagation path schematic diagram of electromagnetic wave in super material antenna;

Fig. 4 is the perspective view that forms the elementary cell of super material;

Fig. 5 is that the present invention the three surpasses the calculating schematic diagram that Refractive Index of Material distributes;

Fig. 6 is the geometry topology pattern that can produce to electromagnetic wave the artificial metal's micro-structural that responds the first preferred embodiments to change super material elementary cell refractive index;

Fig. 6 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 6;

Fig. 7 is the geometry topology pattern that can produce to electromagnetic wave the artificial metal's micro-structural that responds the second preferred embodiments to change super material elementary cell refractive index;

Fig. 7 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 7.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the perspective view that forms the elementary cell of super material.The elementary cell of super material comprises the base material 2 that artificial micro-structural 1 and this artificial micro-structural are adhered to.In the present invention, artificial micro-structural is artificial metal micro structure, artificial metal's micro-structural has and can produce plane or the three-dimensional topological structure of response to incident electromagnetic wave electric field and/or magnetic field, and the pattern and/or the size that change the artificial metal's micro-structural in each super material elementary cell can change the response of each super material elementary cell to incident electromagnetic wave.Multiple super material elementary cells are arranged according to certain rules and can be made super material have macroscopical response to electromagnetic wave.Due to super material monolithic need to incident electromagnetic wave have macroscopical electromagnetic response therefore each super material elementary cell need form continuous response to the response of incident electromagnetic wave, this requires each super material elementary cell to be of a size of 1/10th to 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave, is preferably 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave.During this section is described, what we were artificial will surpass material monolithic is divided into multiple super material elementary cells, but should know that this kind of division methods only for convenience of description, should not regard super material as by multiple super material elementary cell splicings or assemble, in practical application, super material is that artificial metal's micro-structural cycle is arranged on base material and can be formed, and technique is simple and with low cost.Cycle arranges and refers to that the artificial metal's micro-structural in above-mentioned our artificial each super material elementary cell of dividing can produce continuous electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave.In the present invention, base material can be selected macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc., and wherein macromolecular material is preferably FR-4 or F4B.Artificial metal's micro-structural can be by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics carves or the ion cycle at quarter is arranged on described base material, wherein be etched to more excellent technique, its step, for sheet metal is covered on base material, then utilizes chemical solvent to remove the metal except default artificial metal's pattern.

In the present invention, utilize above-mentioned super material principle, design the refraction index profile of super material monolithic, thereby then realize needed function according to this refraction index profile cycle on base material artificial metal's micro-structural of arranging to change the electromagnetic response of incident electromagnetic wave.

Fig. 1 shows a kind of end view of super material antenna, comprises shell 50, feed 40, is close to filling with oblique line the first surpassing in material 10(figure of bore edge of described feed 40), the first surpass material 10 interval predeterminable ranges and the second surpassing in material 20(figure of being oppositely arranged fills with horizontal line with described) and be close to the of the described edge that the second surpasses material 20 three surpass in material 30(figure fill with grid); Described shell 50 with feed 40, the first surpass material 10, the second surpass the cavity 60 that material 20, the three surpasses material 30 and form sealing.Shell 50 can adopt the Conductor such as but not limited to PEC(Perfect Electric) design.

The axis L of wherein said feed 40 is passed the central point O1, the O2 that the first surpass material 10 and the second surpass material 20; The first surpass material 10 and the second surpass being positioned at of material 20 and on the surface outside cavity, be also provided with the reflector 70 for reflection electromagnetic wave.Feed 40 emitting electromagnetic waves, radiate three surpassing material 30 by cavity after multiple reflections.

Be radiated the electromagnetic wave that the second surpasses material 20 gets around feed 40 and is reflected to and the first surpass on material 10 behind reflector 70; Be radiated the electromagnetic wave that the first surpasses material 10 and behind reflector, get around the second to surpass material 20 and be reflected to and three surpass on material 30, three surpass and be converted to plane wave after material and radiate through, as shown in Figure 3.Electromagnetic wave path shown in Fig. 3 is only signal, the function of each super material is described, not as limitation of the present invention.Reflector 70 can adopt such as but not limited to PEC plate and design, as long as can realize reflection function.

The second surpass material 20 and comprise multiple sheet of material that the second surpass, each the second surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the second base material and cycle are arranged in the multiple second artificial metal's micro-structurals on the second base material, the second surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.

The second surpass material 20 for the electromagnetic wave being radiated on it is radiated and the first surpasses material 10 after reflection.In an embodiment of the present invention, taking the central point O2 that the second surpasses material 20 as the center of circle, the refractive index n at radius y place ₂( _y) meet following formula:

$n_2\left(y\right)=n_{\min 2}+\frac{1}{d_2}*(\mathrm{ss}+|y|*\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2-\sqrt{{\mathrm{ss}}^2+y^2});$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}}$

Wherein, n _min2be the minimum refractive index that the second surpasses material 20, d ₂be the thickness that the second surpasses material 20, ss is that feed 40 is to the distance that the second surpasses material 20, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of feed 40, θ ₂ represent incidence angle when electromagenetic wave radiation to the first after the second surpassing material reflection surpasses on material,as shown in Figure 2.

The first surpass material 10 and comprise multiple sheet of material that the first surpass, each the first surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the first base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the first artificial metal micro structures on the first base material, the first surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.

The first surpass material 10 for being radiated again the three surpassing material 30 after reflection being radiated electromagnetic wave on it, taking the central point O1 that the first surpasses material 10 as the center of circle, the refractive index n at radius y place ₁(y) meet following formula:

$n_1\left(y\right)=n_{\min 1}+\frac{1}{d_1}*\left(\right|y|-r_k)*(\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2);$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\≥\frac{r_2-r_k}{\sqrt{{(r_2-r_k)}^2+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

$\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

Wherein, n _min1be the minimum refractive index that the first surpasses material 10, d ₁be the thickness that the first surpasses material 10, ss is that feed 40 is to the distance that the second surpasses material 20, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of feed 40, θ ₂ represent incidence angle when electromagenetic wave radiation to the first after the second surpassing material reflection surpasses on material; θ ₁ represent through first incidence angle when electromagenetic wave radiation to the after super material reflection three surpasses on material;r ₂ expression the second surpasses material maximum radius.

For the refractive index design on super material, conventional method for designing is equation, utilizes the approximately equalised principle of light path to obtain refractive index value corresponding on super material each point.The super Refractive Index of Material that equation obtains distributes and can be applied to better simply system emulation design, but in actual conditions, electromagnetic distribution is not perfectly to meet electromagnetic distribution in software emulation, therefore for complicated system, utilize the super Refractive Index of Material distribution that equation obtains can have larger error.

The present invention utilizes initial phase method design the three to surpass material 30 refraction index profile, and the present invention the three to surpass function that material 30 will realize be the directivity that electromagnetic wave is converted into plane electromagnetic wave and radiate to improve each electronic component.Three surpasses material 30 comprises functional layer, functional layer is made up of the super sheet of material stack of function that multi-disc thickness equates, refraction index profile is identical, multiple the first artificial metal micro structures that the super sheet of material of function comprises the first base material and the cycle arranges on the first base material, the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of function is circular concentric and distributes on its cross section, be that the point that in the super sheet of material of function, refractive index is identical forms concentric circles, the refractive index maximum of circle centre position is n _max3, same, the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of function is symmetrical up and down as symmetry axis taking axis L on its longitudinal section, and the refractive index in axis L is largest refractive index value n _max3.

Discuss in detail the concrete steps of utilizing the above-mentioned super Refractive Index of Material of initial phase method design to distribute below:

S1: determine that three surpasses the border of each layer of material 30 region of living in and the super sheet of material of function, now the three surpasses and in material 30 regions, fills air, feed is fixed on to and three surpasses material 30 fronts, region and make the central axis and of feed three surpass material 30 regional center deads in line, as shown in Figure 5.After feed radiated electromagnetic wave, test and record the initial phase that three surpasses the front surface of the super sheet of material of i layer function in material 30 functional layers, the initial phase of the front surface each point of the super sheet of material of i layer function is designated as wherein the initial phase at central axis place is designated as

In the present invention, front surface refers to the side surface near feed 40, and rear surface refers to the side surface away from feed 40.

S2: according to formula obtain the and three surpass the phase place Ψ of material 30 rear surfaces, wherein, M forms the total number of plies that three surpasses the super sheet of material of function of material 30 functional layers, and d is the thickness of the super sheet of material of every layer function, and λ is the electromagnetic wavelength of feed radiation, n _max3the largest refractive index value having for the super sheet of material of function;

In above formula, because the electromagnetic wave that the present invention seeks to make feed radiation is converted into plane electromagnetic wave radiation after the three surpasses material 30, the three surpasses material 30 and is tabular simultaneously, therefore requires the three to surpass material 30 rear surfaces and form an equiphase surface.In the present invention, the refractive index that three surpasses material 30 axis L places is definite value, therefore taking the phase place that three surpasses material 30 central axis places, rear surface as fiducial value.

S3: the initial phase obtaining according to test in step S1 the reference phase Ψ obtaining in step S2 and formula obtain the refraction index profile n of the super sheet of material of function ₃(y); Wherein, y be in the super sheet of material of function any point apart from the distance of the super sheet of material axis L of function.

Preferably, after step S1, also comprise that set-up procedure S1 tests the initial phase obtaining make the initial phase at super material center axis place for in peaked step.

The present invention also can be by choosing different i values, chooses the super sheet of material front surface test of different functions, obtains the refraction index profile n of the super material function layer of many groups ₃(y) the many groups refraction index profile n, relatively obtaining ₃(y) choose optimal result.

Above-mentioned steps of the present invention is easy to realize sequencing, encode, and after sequencing and encode, user only needs can be by the automatic excess of export Refractive Index of Material distribution n of obtaining of computer to the value border of program definition initial phase ₃(y), be convenient to large-scale promotion.

Meanwhile, due to technical limitations, the refractive index minimum value n on super material function layer _min3be difficult to reach the value close to air, there is refractive index sudden change in super material function layer and air therefore, can will be radiated the electromagnetic wave part reflection on super material function layer surface, causes electronic component gain to decline.For addressing the above problem, in the present invention, preferably, be also also symmetrically arranged with two-layer impedance matching layer in functional layer both sides, every layer impedance matching layer is made up of the super sheet of material of multi-layer Matched.Every layer mates second artificial metal's micro-structural that super sheet of material comprises the second base material and the cycle arranges on the second base material, every layer of super sheet of material thickness of coupling equates, be equal to the super sheet of material thickness of function, the gradually changed refractive index of the point that in the super sheet of material of each matching layer, same axis is corresponding.

The pass of the refraction index profile n3 (y) of the first to N super sheet of material of coupling and the super sheet of material of function is:

${N\left(y\right)}_j=n_{\min 3}+\frac{j}{N+1}*(n_3\left(y\right)-n_{\min 3});$

Wherein, j represents the sequence number number of the super sheet of material of the first to N coupling, and the super sheet of material of N coupling is close to super material function layer, n _min3for the minimum refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described function has, N (y) _j represent the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of j coupling.

The geometry that meets artificial metal's micro-structural that the super sheet of material of above-mentioned functions and the super sheet of material refraction index profile of coupling require has multiple, but be all the geometry that can respond incident electromagnetic wave generation.Most typical being " work " font artificial metal micro-structural.Describe several artificial metal's micro-structural geometries below in detail.In the super sheet of material of function and the super sheet of material of coupling, the size of artificial metal's micro-structural corresponding to each point refractive index can draw by Computer Simulation, also can be by manually calculating.In the present invention, for ease of large-scale production, the super sheet of material of function is identical with the second base material material with the first base material of the super sheet of material of coupling, and the first metal micro structure is identical with the second metal micro structure geometry.

As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is the geometry topology pattern that can produce to electromagnetic wave the artificial metal's micro-structural that responds the first preferred embodiments to change super material elementary cell refractive index.In Fig. 6, artificial metal's micro-structural is " work " font, comprise the first vertical metal branch 1021 and vertical this first metal branch 1021 and be positioned at the second metal branch 1022 at the first metal branch two ends respectively, Fig. 6 a is the derivative pattern of artificial metal's micro-structural geometry topology pattern in Fig. 6, it not only comprises the first metal branch 1021, the second metal branch 1022, and every second metal branch two ends are also vertically installed with the 3rd metal branch 1023.

Fig. 7 is the geometry topology pattern that can produce to electromagnetic wave the artificial metal's micro-structural that responds the second preferred embodiments to change super material elementary cell refractive index.In Fig. 7, artificial metal's micro-structural is plane snowflake type, comprises that 1021 ' and two the first metal branch 1021 ' two ends of orthogonal the first metal branch are all vertically installed with the second metal branch 1022 '; Fig. 7 a is the derivative pattern of the geometry of artificial metal's micro-structural shown in Fig. 7 topology pattern, it not only comprises that two the first metal branches 1021 ', four 1022 ', four article of second metal branch two ends of the second metal branch are also vertically installed with the 3rd metal branch 1023 '.Preferably, the first metal branch 1021 ' is equal in length and intersect perpendicular to mid point, and the equal in length and mid point of the second metal branch 1022 ' is positioned at the first metal branch end points, and the equal in length and mid point of the 3rd metal branch 1023 ' is positioned at the second metal branch end points; The artificial metal's micro-structural that is arranged so that of above-mentioned metal branch is isotropism, and under artificial metal's micro-structural, in plane, 90 ° of any direction rotation artificial metal micro-structurals can overlap with former artificial metal micro structure.Adopt isotropic artificial metal's micro-structural energy simplified design, reduce and disturb.

By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a super material antenna, it is characterized in that, comprise shell, feed, be close to described feed bore edge the first surpass material, with described the first surpass material interval predeterminable range and be oppositely arranged the second surpass material and be close to the of the described edge that the second surpasses material and three surpass material; Described shell and feed, the first surpass material, the second surpass the cavity that material, the three surpasses material and form sealing;

The central axis of wherein said feed is through the described central point that the first surpasses material and the second surpass material; Described the first surpass material and the second surpass being positioned at of material on the surface outside cavity, be also provided with the reflector for reflection electromagnetic wave; Be radiated the described electromagnetic wave that the second surpasses material gets around described feed and is reflected to described the first surpassing on material behind reflector; Be radiated the described electromagnetic wave that the first surpasses material behind reflector, get around described the second surpass material and be reflected to described three surpass on material, three surpass and be converted to plane wave after material and radiate through described;

Wherein, the described material that the first surpasses comprises multiple sheet of material that the first surpass, each the first surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the first base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the first artificial metal micro structures on the first base material, the first surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical;

Wherein, the described material that the second surpasses is for being radiated the described material that the first surpasses by being radiated electromagnetic wave on it after reflection again, taking the described central point that the second surpasses material as the center of circle, and the refractive index n at radius y place ₂(y) meet following formula:

$n_2\left(y\right)=n_{\min 2}+\frac{1}{d_2}*(\mathrm{ss}+|y|*{\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_2-\sqrt{{\mathrm{ss}}^2+y^2});$

${\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

Wherein, n _min2for the described minimum refractive index that the second surpasses material, d ₂for the described thickness that the second surpasses material, ss is that feed is to the described distance that the second surpasses material, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of described feed, θ ₂represent the second to surpass electromagenetic wave radiation after material reflection to described incidence angle while the first surpassing on material through described.

2. super material antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described material that the second surpasses comprises multiple sheet of material that the second surpass, each the second surpasses sheet of material and comprises that the second base material and cycle are arranged in the multiple second artificial metal's micro-structurals on the second base material, the second surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material refractive index everywhere, the refractive index minimum of circle centre position, taking its central point, as the center of circle, the increase refractive index along with radius increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.

3. super material antenna according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described material that the first surpasses is for being radiated described the again three surpassing material after reflection being radiated electromagnetic wave on it, taking the described central point that the first surpasses material as the center of circle, and the refractive index n at radius y place ₁(y) meet following formula:

$n_1\left(y\right)=n_{\min 1}+\frac{1}{d_1}*\left(\right|y|-r_k)*({\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_1-{\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_2);$

${\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_1\≥\frac{r_2-r_k}{\sqrt{{(r_2-r_k)}^2+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

${\sin \mathrm{\θ}}_2\≥\frac{r_k}{\sqrt{r^{2}k+{\mathrm{ss}}^2}};$

Wherein, n _min1for the described minimum refractive index that the first surpasses material, d ₁for the described thickness that the first surpasses material, ss is that feed is to the described distance that the second surpasses material, r _kfor the radius of the bore face of described feed, θ ₂represent the second to surpass electromagenetic wave radiation after material reflection to described incidence angle while the first surpassing on material through described; θ ₁represent through described incidence angle when the first surpassing electromagenetic wave radiation after material reflection and three surpassing on material to described the; r ₂represent the described maximum radius that the second surpasses material.

4. super material antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described three surpasses the functional layer that material comprises that the super sheet of material of the function identical by multiple thickness, refraction index profile is identical is formed by stacking, the super sheet of material of each function comprises that the 3rd base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the 3rd artificial metal's micro-structurals on the 3rd base material, the refractive index of the super sheet of material of described function is circular concentric and distributes taking its central point as the center of circle, the refractive index maximum of circle centre position, the refractive index at same radius place is identical; Refraction index profile in the super sheet of material of described function obtains as follows:

S1: determine that three surpasses the border of each layer of material region of living in and the super sheet of material of function, the three surpasses and in material area, fills air, feed is fixed on to the and three surpasses material area front and make the central axis and the of feed three surpass material area central axes; After feed radiated electromagnetic wave, test and record the initial phase that three surpasses the front surface of the super sheet of material of i layer function on material function layer, the initial phase of the front surface each point of the super sheet of material of i layer function is designated as wherein the initial phase at central axis place is designated as

S2: according to formula obtain and three surpass the phase place Ψ of material rear surface,

Wherein, M forms the total number of plies that three surpasses the super sheet of material of function of material function layer, and d is the thickness of the super sheet of material of every layer function, and λ is the electromagnetic wavelength of feed radiation, n _max3the largest refractive index value having for the super sheet of material of function;

S3: the initial phase obtaining according to test in step S1 the reference phase Ψ obtaining in step S2 and formula obtain the refraction index profile n of the super sheet of material of function ₃(y);

Wherein, y be in the super sheet of material of function any point apart from the distance of the super sheet of material central axis of function.

5. super material antenna according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described three surpass material also comprise be symmetricly set in functional layer both sides first to N layer impedance matching layer, wherein, two-layer N impedance matching layer is close to described functional layer.

6. super material antenna as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first to N layer impedance matching layer be first to N coupling super sheet of material, every layer mate super sheet of material comprise that the 4th base material and cycle are arranged in multiple the 4th artificial metal's micro-structurals of the 4th base material; The refractive index of every layer of super sheet of material of coupling is circular concentric and distributes taking its central point as the center of circle, the refractive index maximum of circle centre position, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical; In the super sheet of material of the first to N coupling, the refractive index at same radius place is not identical.

7. super material antenna as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the refraction index profile n of described the first to N super sheet of material of coupling and the super sheet of material of described function ₃(y) pass is:

${N\left(y\right)}_j=n_{\min 3}+\frac{j}{N+1}*(n_3\left(y\right)-n_{\min 3});$

Wherein, j represents the sequence number number of the super sheet of material of the first to N coupling, n _min3the minimum refractive index value having for the super sheet of material of described function; N (y) _jrepresent the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of j coupling.