CN102799987A - Automatic bargaining type auction system and method - Google Patents

Automatic bargaining type auction system and method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102799987A
CN102799987A CN2011101393358A CN201110139335A CN102799987A CN 102799987 A CN102799987 A CN 102799987A CN 2011101393358 A CN2011101393358 A CN 2011101393358A CN 201110139335 A CN201110139335 A CN 201110139335A CN 102799987 A CN102799987 A CN 102799987A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
price
agreed
auction system
automatic
commodity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2011101393358A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈映兑
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN2011101393358A priority Critical patent/CN102799987A/en
Publication of CN102799987A publication Critical patent/CN102799987A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic bargaining type auction system which comprises a communication network, at least one client device communicated with the communication network, at least one supply-side device communicated with the communication network, and a network trading platform communicated with the client device and the supply-side device through the communication network and used for providing automatic bargaining type auction and shopping services for on-line goods, wherein the network trading platform is used for generating the optimum price of the goods according to the market price and the cost price of the goods provided by the supply-side device, and judging and determining whether the goods bargains or not according to the optimum price and one or a plurality of buying prices of the goods provided by the client device.

Description

Automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system and method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of auction system and method thereof, and be particularly related to a kind of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system and method thereof.
Background technology
In the positive fast development of network trading,, make number, commodity number and the sales volume of participating in network auction grow up all year by year because the diversity of goods to auction, trade at competitive price transparent procedures and everyone can both carry out advantages such as the buying and selling of commodities.
No matter be the shopping of online shopping or entity; The seller always hopes and can sell commodity to such an extent that price is high more good more; And the buyer always hopes that the commodity price of having bought can be low more good more; Want to buy psychological factor at a low price with the buyer so want to sell high price, be difficult to find the equilibrium point of both parties really this seller.The formula system of auction man that generally uses now is the Anglicism auction system, and it orders a reserve price by the seller lets numerous buyers bid, and the bid mode is up added by the amount of money of reserve price, and the price that each buyer went out is the winning bidder by bid highest price person.Follow-uply pay to such an extent that the buyer is given in standard gold (also being deposit) by the winning bidder, the seller in collect shipment after the standard gold, the hotel owner of auction system collects commission with the seller again, existing auction system comprises that YAHOO auction net, eBay auction net etc.
Yet existing auction technique is drawn up reserve price by the seller, and whether the seller will consider reserve price too high, so the reserve price of being drawn up not is seller's a desirable reserve price.Behind knot mark, the seller collect the buyer after the standard gold, still need pay to such an extent that the part of standard gold is used as the hotel owner that commission gives auction system, cause the seller can the commission cost be married again in the buyer, make that the buyer paid standard gold increases.In addition, in auction process, the buyer only can satisfy as far as possible the seller fixed high price in the hope of mark, so existing auction system only can unilaterally satisfy the seller, and can't obtain an equilibrium point in both parties.On the other hand, the buyer paid has only increasingly high marked price, be lower than marked price and can't buy, even the buyer can buy the price that is higher than present market price.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system and method thereof, make market price and the cost price of this auction system through seller's merchandise provided, be able to provide must marking the price that buyer and seller all can be satisfied with, accelerate to facilitate the conclusion of the business of commodity.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, of the present invention one provides a kind of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system than broad sense embodiment, comprising: communication network; At least one client terminal device is with communication network communications and liaison mutually; At least one feed end device is with communication network communications and liaison mutually; And network trading platform, communicate through communication network with client terminal device and feed end device, in order to online commodity agreed-upon price formula auction and shopping service to be provided; Wherein, the market price of the commodity that network trading platform is provided according to the feed end device and cost price produce the optimum price of commodity, and judge and confirm whether these commodity strike a bargain according to one or more buying price of the commodity that optimum price and client terminal device provided.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose; Of the present invention another provides a kind of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system than broad sense embodiment; Be applicable to an automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system; This method comprises the following step: the market price and the extremely automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system of cost price of commodity (a) are provided by the seller, make automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system produce the optimum price of these commodity; (b) buyer imports one first buying price at this automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and corresponding first buying price of the formula of negotiating a price automatically auction system produces first selling price, if the buyer accepts first selling price, this knock off; (c) if the buyer does not accept first selling price, the buyer imports second buying price at automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and the formula of negotiating a price automatically auction system produces second selling price, if the buyer accepts second selling price, this knock off; And (d) if the buyer does not accept second selling price, the buyer imports the 3rd buying price at automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and the formula of negotiating a price automatically auction system produces the 3rd selling price; If the buyer accepts the 3rd selling price; This knock off is not if the buyer accepts the 3rd selling price, this End of Auction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of the automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 realizes the schematic flow sheet of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system for system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 offers buyer's an exemplary web page contents synoptic diagram for network trading platform of the present invention.
Fig. 4 offers seller's an exemplary web page contents synoptic diagram for network trading platform of the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is following:
Automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system: 1
Network trading platform: 10
Servomechanism: 101
Operation interface: 102
Data bank: 103
User end apparatus: 11
Feed end device: 12
Communication network: 13
Step: S10~S14
First web page contents: 2
Second web page contents: 3
Input frame: 20
Output box: 21
Button: 22,23,24
Market price: x
Present stock's number: y
Total stock's number: w
Cost price: z
Optimum price: A
Deep discount: A1
Minimum converting into money: A2
Rate of gross profit: B
Ratio: C converts into money
Stock's ratio: D
Embodiment
Some exemplary embodiments that embody characteristic of the present invention and advantage will be described in detail in follow-up explanation.Be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different application, it does not depart from the scope of the present invention, and explanation wherein and graphic be the usefulness of being used as explanation in itself, but not be used to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of the automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system of preferred embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1; Automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system 1 of the present invention (hereinafter to be referred as auction system) comprises network trading platform 10, one or more client terminal device 11, one or more feed end device 12 and a communication network 13; Wherein network trading platform 10; Client terminal device 11 and feed end device 12 respectively with communication network 13 communications and liaison mutually, make thus between network trading platform 10 and the client terminal device 11 and between network trading platform 10 and the feed end device 12 and can carry out two-way communication.In the present embodiment; Network trading platform 10 is made up of 101 of one or more servers; Client terminal device 11 can for but be not limited to computing machine, flat computer or intelligent mobile phone; Feed end device 12 can for but be not limited to computing machine, flat computer or intelligent mobile phone; Wherein network trading platform 10 provides auction of online commodity agreed-upon price formula and shopping service, client terminal device 11 a corresponding specific users' (also can be described as buyer or consumer) operation and carry out action, feed end device 12 a corresponding particular commodity suppliers' (also can be described as the seller) operation and carry out action.Network trading platform 10 also can comprise operation-interface 102 so that seller and buyer to be provided interactive interface, and database 103 is to store relevant merchandise news and buyer and seller's information.
Fig. 2 realizes the schematic flow sheet of automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system for system of the present invention.Like Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, auction system 1 of the present invention is realized automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and this method comprises the steps.At first; By the seller commodity are provided; And a plurality of merchandise newss to the network trading platforms 10 such as market price and cost price of commodity are provided simultaneously, the computing module by network trading platform 10 calculates and the optimum price that produces these commodity again, in certain embodiments; The a plurality of merchandise newss that produce the optimum price of these commodity also comprise total stock's number of these commodity, but not as limit.(step S10), in the present embodiment, optimum price is the flat fare of market price and cost price, certainly, the optimum price of these commodity also can be stipulated by the seller voluntarily, but not as limit.Then; After the buyer is connected to network trading platform 10 and the selected commodity of desiring to purchase; But input first buying price behind the optimum price of the commodity that grid of reference transaction platform 10 is provided; Network trading platform 10 can automatically produce first selling price (step S11) according to first buying price correspondence, if the buyer accepts first selling price and these commodity of decision purchase that network trading platform 10 is produced, then knock off (step S14).If the buyer does not accept first selling price; Desire to buy this commodity more at a low price; Can on network trading platform 10, import second buying price; Produce second selling price (step S12) by network trading platform 10 according to this second buying price is corresponding again, if the buyer accepts second selling price and these commodity, then knock off (step S14) are bought in decision.If the buyer does not accept second selling price, the 3rd buying price can on network trading platform 10, be imported once more, likewise; Network trading platform 10 can produce the 3rd selling price according to the 3rd buying price correspondence, at this moment, if the buyer accepts the 3rd selling price and these commodity of decision purchase; Then knock off (step S14); Otherwise if the buyer does not still accept the 3rd selling price, 10 of network trading platforms can show the information of " this auction does not strike a bargain ", and inform that this auction of buyer does not strike a bargain.
See also Fig. 3, it offers buyer's an exemplary web page contents synoptic diagram for network trading platform of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the operation-interface 102 of network trading platform 10 of the present invention can be connected to network trading platform 10 backs the buyer and show one first web page contents 2, so that the buyer operates in the process of buying auction goods.In the present embodiment, the present invention's formula auction system of negotiating a price automatically is to be example by both parties with three bargaining processes, but not as limit.In the process of bid for the first time; The buyer can see that in first web page contents 2 of operation-interface 102 the market price x of seller's merchandise provided and present stock count y; And first buying price is inputed in the input frame 20 of " please bid " with reference to the market price x of commodity, and network trading platform 10 just can produce first selling price for first buying price of commodity and seller in " selling price " output box 21 for the optimum price of commodity through the buyer.At this moment, if the buyer accepts first selling price that network trading platform 10 is produced, and these commodity of decision purchase, can press " conclusion of the business " button 22.Otherwise, if the buyer can't accept first selling price, think to continue again bid and can press " bid again " button 23, get into the process of bid for the second time.
In the process of bid for the second time, the buyer can decide second buying price with reference to first selling price, and inputs to the input frame 20 of " please bid " once more; Network trading platform 10 can produce second selling price according to first selling price and the second buying price correspondence afterwards; For buyer's reference, likewise, if the buyer accepts second selling price that auction system produces; And these commodity of decision purchase, can press " conclusion of the business " button 22.Otherwise, if the buyer can't accept second selling price, think to continue again bid and can press " bid again " button 23, get into the process of bidding for the third time.
In the bid process for the third time; Also be last bid, the buyer can decide the 3rd selling price with reference to second selling price, and inputs to the input frame 20 of " please bid " once more; Subsequent network transaction platform 10 can produce the 3rd selling price according to second selling price and the 3rd buying price correspondence, for buyer's reference.At last, if the buyer accepts the 3rd selling price that network trading platform 10 is produced, and these commodity of decision purchase, can press " conclusion of the business " button 22.Otherwise, if the buyer can't accept the 3rd selling price, just press " end " button 24, finish this auction.
See also Fig. 4, it offers seller's an exemplary web page contents synoptic diagram for network trading platform of the present invention.As shown in the figure, the operation-interface 102 of network trading platform 10 of the present invention can be connected to network trading platform 10 back the seller and show one second web page contents 3, so that the seller operates when commodity and price thereof are put on the shelf.In certain embodiments; The seller provides commodity and imports second web page contents 3 that the market price x of commodity, total stock count a plurality of merchandise newss to operation-interfaces 102 such as w and cost price z; Network trading platform 10 can converse an optimum price A and a rate of gross profit B corresponding to these commodity according to market price x and cost price z; Wherein, optimum price A is that total stock counts the flat fare that w all sells, in further embodiments; Optimum price A of the present invention can be set up on their own by the seller and input to network trading platform 10, but not as limit.And rate of gross profit B is the predetermined value of network trading platform 10, to ensure that the seller earns a profit in auction system.Multiply by a ratio by rate of gross profit B more afterwards, for example: multiply by 0.4 times, but not as limit, generation one is ratio C at a discount.Multiply by positive and negative times ratio C at a discount again with optimum price A; Can obtain the deep discount A1 and the minimum A2 at a discount of commodity; The price that makes commodity sell can be controlled in deep discount A1 and minimum at a discount between the A2; Thus, the seller all can make a profit when selling commodity, and the buyer also can buy with the price that is lower than market price x when buying commodity.
Along with commodity are sold number change; Total stock counts w and also can be reduced to present stock and count y; And network trading platform 10 can be counted w and present stock according to total stock and counts y and produce stock's ratio D; In the network trading platform 10 of the present invention, it is example that stock's ratio D can be divided into four intervals such as 0~25%, 26%~50%, 51%~75% and 76%~100%, but not as limit.
In the present embodiment, auction system of the present invention first selling price, second selling price and the 3rd selling price system that produce are calculated respectively by optimum price A, deep discount A1, minimum A2 at a discount and stock's ratio D and form.With the present embodiment explanation; After the buyer is with reference to market price x, first buying price is inputed in the input frame 20 of first web page contents 2 of operation-interface 102, at first, network trading platform 10 can be judged according to stock's ratio D; D is low more when stock's ratio; The network trading platform 10 ratio C that can corresponding adjustment converts into money makes deep discount A1 and minimum A2 at a discount adjust along with ratio C at a discount, that is to say; D is low more when stock's ratio, and the agreed-upon price space that network trading platform 10 is imported between first buying price, second buying price and the 3rd buying price and first selling price, second selling price and the 3rd selling price for the buyer can be more little.
In further embodiments, the seller can set stock's ratio D and be lower than 10% in network trading platform 10, but not as limit; Commodity can not need pass through bargaining process and offer the buyer with a fixing preferential selling price (not shown) to be bought; Thus, just can stimulate the buyer to promote desire to purchase, make commodity can quicken out clearly; Let the buyer buy the commodity that desire is bought, and the seller can quicken to sell commodity with more preferential price.
In sum; Automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system of the present invention and method thereof provide merchandise news to its network trading platforms such as market price and the cost price of commodity through the seller; The buyer sees through network trading platform again and repeatedly negotiates a price back and forth with reference to the market price and the network trading platform of commodity; In bargaining process, the seller still can be higher than the selling price of cost price commodity are sold, and the buyer then buys in the commodity of desiring to purchase to be lower than market price and to be higher than cost price; So just can between both parties, obtain the equilibrium point of a price, and can facilitate the transaction of commodity apace.
The present invention can make amendment according to characteristic of the present invention and spirit and changes by being familiar with these technological personnel, all in the scope that the present invention protected.

Claims (10)

1. an automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system is characterized in that, comprising:
One communication network;
At least one client terminal device is with this communication network communications and liaison mutually;
At least one feed end device is with this communication network communications and liaison mutually; And
One network trading platform communicates through this communication network with this client terminal device and this feed end device, is used to provide an online commodity agreed-upon price formula auction and a shopping service;
Wherein, One market price of the commodity that this network trading platform is provided according to this feed end device and a cost price produce an optimum price of these commodity, and judge and confirm whether these commodity strike a bargain according to one or more buying price of these commodity that this optimum price and this client terminal device provided.
2. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein this optimum price can also be produced with this market price, this cost price and total stock's number of these commodity.
3. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 1 it is characterized in that wherein this network trading platform comprises a database, and this network trading platform provides an operation-interface.
4. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that wherein this operation interface also comprises one first web page contents,
This first web page contents is when this client terminal device is connected to this network trading platform, to show and this market price and present stock's number of these commodity are provided, and has an input frame, an output box and a plurality of button.
5. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that wherein this input frame is imported one first buying price, one second buying price and one the 3rd buying price, and this output box is exported one first selling price, one second selling price and one the 3rd selling price.
6. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that; Wherein this operation-interface also comprises one second web page contents, and this second web page contents lies in this market price, this total stock's number and this cost price that is used to import these commodity when this feed end device is connected to this network trading platform.
7. an automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system is characterized in that, is applicable to an automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and this method comprises step:
(a) market price and a cost price to this automatic agreed-upon price formula auction systems of commodity is provided by a seller, makes an optimum price of these automatic these commodity of agreed-upon price formula auction system generation;
(b) buyer imports one first buying price in this automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and this formula auction system of negotiating a price automatically is to should first buying price producing one first selling price, if this buyer accepts this first selling price, this knock off;
(c) if this buyer does not accept this first selling price, this buyer imports one second buying price in this automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system, and this formula auction system of negotiating a price automatically produces one second selling price, if this buyer accepts this second selling price, this knock off; And
(d) if this buyer does not accept this second selling price; This buyer imports one the 3rd buying price in this automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system; This automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system produces one the 3rd selling price, if this buyer accepts the 3rd selling price, this knock off; If this buyer does not accept the 3rd selling price, this End of Auction.
8. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; Wherein this step (a) also comprises step: this formula auction system of negotiating a price automatically produce this commodity one rate of gross profit, at a discount ratio, deep discount and one minimum at a discount; Wherein at a discount a multiplying power multiply by for this rate of gross profit in ratio system, and this deep discount and this minimum be to multiply by positive and negative times the ratio of should converting into money for this optimum price at a discount.
9. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that wherein this step (a) also comprises step: this formula auction system of negotiating a price automatically produces present stock's number of these commodity, and produces stock's ratio with this total stock's number.
10. automatic agreed-upon price formula auction domestic discipline as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that wherein this step (a) also comprises step: this formula auction system of negotiating a price is automatically judged this stock's ratio earlier, is somebody's turn to do ratio at a discount with adjustment.
CN2011101393358A 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Automatic bargaining type auction system and method Pending CN102799987A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011101393358A CN102799987A (en) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Automatic bargaining type auction system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011101393358A CN102799987A (en) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Automatic bargaining type auction system and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102799987A true CN102799987A (en) 2012-11-28

Family

ID=47199086

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2011101393358A Pending CN102799987A (en) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Automatic bargaining type auction system and method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102799987A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104346742A (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 聚游互动(北京)科技发展有限公司 Method and device for providing transaction reference prices of virtual goods in online games
CN104463340A (en) * 2013-09-22 2015-03-25 上海聚胜万合广告有限公司 Vickrey auction multi-stage price adjustment optimizing system and method in Internet
CN104700302A (en) * 2015-04-01 2015-06-10 携程计算机技术(上海)有限公司 Hotel online auction method and system
CN104809641A (en) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 安格兰有限公司 Data processing system and method
CN105122291A (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-12-02 拍卖网公司 Seller dashboard and reserve price lowering
CN111861671A (en) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-30 浙江物产信息技术有限公司 On-line auction method and device for controlling robot dark bid price

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200941371A (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-10-01 Chih-Chen Wu Real-time bargaining transaction system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200941371A (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-10-01 Chih-Chen Wu Real-time bargaining transaction system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105122291A (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-12-02 拍卖网公司 Seller dashboard and reserve price lowering
CN104346742A (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-11 聚游互动(北京)科技发展有限公司 Method and device for providing transaction reference prices of virtual goods in online games
CN104463340A (en) * 2013-09-22 2015-03-25 上海聚胜万合广告有限公司 Vickrey auction multi-stage price adjustment optimizing system and method in Internet
CN104809641A (en) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 安格兰有限公司 Data processing system and method
CN104700302A (en) * 2015-04-01 2015-06-10 携程计算机技术(上海)有限公司 Hotel online auction method and system
CN111861671A (en) * 2020-07-23 2020-10-30 浙江物产信息技术有限公司 On-line auction method and device for controlling robot dark bid price

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8046269B2 (en) Auction based procurement system
US7171387B2 (en) Method and apparatus for conducting multiple transactions
CN101802861A (en) Method and system for efficiently relaying merchandise deal through public assessment in on-line market
CN101140650A (en) Commodity transaction mode under information network surroundings
US7272579B1 (en) Auction based procurement system
EP1405234A2 (en) System and method for an auction of multiple types of items
CN101251917A (en) Collective bargaining type commercial product (service) trading mode under information network environment
CN102799987A (en) Automatic bargaining type auction system and method
CN101350090A (en) Network transaction system and method based on continuous negotiation one by one
CN101964101A (en) Online commodity bargaining method and system
CN101208715A (en) Commodity group purchase system using network
CN111489232A (en) E-commerce platform management system based on big data
CN103886472A (en) Permission assignment method and system in online transaction
KR100978527B1 (en) Method for auction of second-hand goods using goods business information and system thereof
CN103927681A (en) Vehicle auction management system
CN110910208A (en) Network transaction method and device, storage medium and equipment
KR100955631B1 (en) Method and system of recommanding adequate price and delivery information associated with time gap information in online market
CN103886496A (en) Online lending transaction method
KR101653629B1 (en) System and method for providing real-time reverse auction
KR20010039417A (en) Auction fee processing method using computer network system
KR100407110B1 (en) Electronic auction method and apparatus for bond with partial opening of bidding quotation
Kobets et al. Dynamic Model of Double Electronic Vickrey Auction.
KR20140108447A (en) System for discouting product price in e-commerce using internet
Jin et al. Coordinating supplier competition via auctions
Ma et al. AUCTION AND CONTRACTING MECHANISMS FOR CHANNEL COORDINATION WITH CONSIDERATION OF PARTICIPANTS'RISK ATTITUDES.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20121128