CN102795345A - 冲压空气涡轮机的展开致动器 - Google Patents

冲压空气涡轮机的展开致动器 Download PDF

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CN102795345A
CN102795345A CN2012101654850A CN201210165485A CN102795345A CN 102795345 A CN102795345 A CN 102795345A CN 2012101654850 A CN2012101654850 A CN 2012101654850A CN 201210165485 A CN201210165485 A CN 201210165485A CN 102795345 A CN102795345 A CN 102795345A
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CN102795345B (zh
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D.J.朗
G.萨斯瑟
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B64D41/007—Ram air turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
    • F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
    • F01D7/02—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof having adjustment responsive to speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/10—Telescoping systems
    • F16B7/14—Telescoping systems locking in intermediate non-discrete positions
    • F16B7/1409—Telescoping systems locking in intermediate non-discrete positions with balls or rollers urged by an axial displacement of a wedge or a conical member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
    • Y10T74/18688—Limit stop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
    • Y10T74/18696—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut including means to selectively transmit power [e.g., clutch, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576—Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
    • Y10T74/18704—Means to selectively lock or retard screw or nut
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18888—Reciprocating to or from oscillating

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及冲压空气涡轮机的展开致动器。一种用于冲压空气涡轮机系统的致动器，包括具有沿周向设置的多个侧向支撑件的锁栓。活塞杆支撑多个上锁楔。多个滚子由侧向支撑件支撑，其中滚子上的倒角彼此接合，并且多个滚子被设置用于在收缩位置径向支撑上锁楔。

Description

冲压空气涡轮机的展开致动器
技术领域
本公开涉及一种冲压空气涡轮机(RAT)的展开系统，并且更具体地本公开涉及一种用于该系统的致动器。
背景技术
冲压空气涡轮机(RAT)在多种飞机上使用以在紧急情况下提供液压能和电能。RAT收起在飞机结构内并通过展开致动器展开到气流中。展开致动器被连接至飞机结构和RAT支柱上的臂。在展开时，展开致动器迫使RAT转动脱离其在飞机内的收起或收起位置并进入气流中。气流作用在RAT叶片上以旋转涡轮和调速器组件，这样进而操作发电机和液压泵以为飞机提供能量。RAT由上锁机构保持在飞机内并由下锁机构约束在展开位置，这两种机构都被包含在展开致动器中。
典型的上锁和下锁机构都使用锁楔，锁楔将致动器约束在收起或展开位置。在只有有限的电能可用的紧急情况时展开致动器是很有挑战性的。在展开情况下致动器的负荷可能会由于飞机的飞行状态而变得相对较高。这些紧急状态可能会在飞行中试图将RAT推入气流中时产生很高的门负荷。已经有各种楔装置在多种致动器中被用于将致动器锁定就位。在一个示例中，四个上锁楔通过使锁栓滑动横过楔的内径以使楔落入锁栓内的凹槽中而释放，锁栓随后释放致动器以展开RAT。
在另一个示例性的液压锁定致动器中，在两个楔之间使用滚子以减小移动锁栓从而释放致动器所需的作用力的量。但是，能够加至致动器的载荷是有限的。
发明内容
一种用于冲压空气涡轮机系统的致动器包括具有中心支撑件的锁栓。活塞杆支撑多个上锁楔。多个滚子被支撑在锁栓内并且被设置用于在收缩位置径向支撑上锁楔。滚子包括彼此接合的倒角。
附图说明
通过结合附图考虑同时参照以下的详细说明即可进一步理解本公开，在附图中：
图1是处于展开位置的RAT透视图。
图2是图1中所示致动器在RAT展开之前处于收起或收缩位置时的透视图。
图3是图2中所示致动器的截面图。
图4A是类似于图3但是锁栓已由插锁组件释放的致动器截面图。
图4B是图4A中所示致动器的放大视图。
图4C是沿图4B中4C-4C线的致动器截面图。
图5是上锁楔已释放的致动器截面图。
图6是处于完全展开位置的致动器截面图。
图7是下锁楔已接合的处于完全展开位置的致动器截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了通过壳体14固定至飞机结构12的RAT系统10。壳体14枢转地支撑在一端装有涡轮机18的支柱16。涡轮机18包括向发电机22和液压泵30施加旋转驱动力的叶片20。致动器24在第一端26被固定至支柱16并且在第二端28被固定至壳体。致动器24如图所示处于其展开位置。
参照图2和图3，致动器24包括壳体32，壳体具有第一套筒34和第二单独套筒36，套筒36未连接到壳体32并且相对于彼此可伸缩地布置。展开弹簧38在致动器24处于其收缩位置时以压缩状态被设置在第一和第二套筒34,36之间。展开电磁阀40被安装在壳体32上并且被致动以引发致动器24内的展开动作序列。
第二套筒36被容纳在第一套筒34内。活塞杆42被固定至壳体32以使其被刚性连接至第一套筒34，从而使第二套筒36在活塞杆42和第一套筒34之间并且相对于它们滑动。活塞杆42包括第一孔42和第二孔46，它们分别容纳上锁楔48和下锁楔50。锁栓52被可滑动地设置在活塞杆42内以在展开动作序列期间致动上锁楔48和下锁楔50。活塞杆42包括彼此间隔开的凸缘58和套环60。锁栓弹簧54被设置在凸缘58和套环60之间并与之接合以偏置活塞杆42和锁栓52沿轴线A远离。滚子组件56由锁栓52支撑并且沿径向被设置在锁栓52和上锁楔48之间。
插锁组件62被设置在壳体32内接近于展开电磁阀40。杠杆64在一端由枢轴68枢转地支撑，并且杠杆64包括与枢轴68相对的闩销66。偏置元件72将杠杆64保持在通常收缩的位置。闩销66在收缩位置接合锁栓52的一端74。从展开电磁阀40伸出的杆70与杠杆64相配合以将杠杆64从收缩位置(图3)移动至展开位置(图4A)。
在操作中，为了引发展开动作序列，展开电磁阀40移动杆70以围绕枢轴68转动杠杆64，这就使闩销66克服来自锁栓弹簧54的偏置力而脱离末端74。随着闩销66脱离末端74，锁栓52就响应于来自锁栓弹簧54的偏置力而被迫沿轴向(在图4A中为向右)移动。
参照图4A-4C，滚子组件56(在图中为向右)移动允许上锁楔48沿径向向内移动并与套筒36脱离接合，由此使第二套筒36能够沿轴向移动远离第一套筒34。如图4A-4C中所示，滚子组件56被示出为处于收缩位置。滚子组件56包括由锁栓52的侧向支撑件78支撑的滚子76。滚子76被设置在锁栓52中沿周向均匀分布的槽90内。侧向支撑件78包括由每一个槽90提供的支撑滚子76的两个平面86和87。槽90内的槽提供了与滚子76的线接触L，沿轴向保持这些滚子。这种线接触是滚子相对于锁栓52经历的仅有摩擦从而允许较小锁栓弹簧54。平面86和87垂直于致动器的轴线A。用于将滚子76围绕锁栓的圆周并且在垂直于轴线A的平面内均匀间隔开的锁栓52沿轴向保持四个滚子76。滚子76由其自身角部彼此倚靠的倒角96径向支撑。四个滚子在相同平面内径向支撑由活塞杆42轴向保持的四个上锁楔48。
第二套筒36包括斜面80。上锁楔48包括接合斜面80的第一倾角面82。滚子76支撑上锁楔48的内表面84。第二倾角面88与第一倾角面82相对地被设置在滚子76附近的上锁楔48上。
每一个滚子76都包括彼此相对的在滚子76和槽90之间提供间隙94以使滚子76能够沿滚子轴线R轴向移动的端部92。每一个滚子76都在其两端92包括倒角96。滚子76的倒角96以规定的间隙94彼此接合从而适应与部件的不对准并支撑由于表面80和82的接触形成的反作用上锁楔48负荷造成的滚子加载。对于示例中使用了四个滚子的装置，倒角相对于滚子76的圆柱形滚子支承面成45°角。用这种方式，滚子76之间的负荷在配合的倒角96之间分担并且摩擦负荷由于滚子倒角96之间的滚动接触而减小。因此，上锁楔48上的负荷即被更加均匀地分布，这就实现了具有减小的释放力的更高能力的致动器。应该理解楔的数量和滚子的数量可以根据负荷在用于其他的致动器应用时有所改变。
参照图5-7，锁栓弹簧54继续移动锁栓52(在图中为向右)，这由滚子组件56相对轻易地在活塞杆42内滑动实现。如图5所示，一旦滚子76已经移动脱离与上锁楔48内表面84的接合，斜面80就响应于展开弹簧38的作用力而径向向内地推动上锁楔48。锁栓52相对于活塞杆42轴向移动，直到止挡件98接合下锁楔50为止。
第二套筒36继续相对于第一套筒34沿轴向向外移动，直到活塞杆42上的止挡件100接合第二套筒36上的表面，从而限定其相对于第一套筒34的轴向位置为止(图6)。锁栓52响应从锁栓弹簧54加至锁栓52的斜面102的作用力而继续沿轴向向右移动，迫使下锁楔50沿径向向外进入第二套筒36的凹槽104内。
尽管已经公开了示例性的实施例，但是本领域普通技术人员应该意识到在权利要求的保护范围内可以进行一定程度的修改。为此，应该研读以下的权利要求以确定其正确的保护范围和内容。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于冲压空气涡轮机系统的致动器，包括：
提供沿周向设置的多个侧向支撑件的锁栓；
支撑多个上锁楔的活塞杆；和
多个滚子，每一个滚子都被支撑在其中一个侧向支撑件内并且被设置用于在收缩位置径向支撑上锁楔，滚子包括彼此接合的倒角。
2.如权利要求1所述的致动器，其中锁栓包括提供侧向支撑件的槽，和设置在槽内的所述滚子。
3.如权利要求2所述的致动器，在每一个滚子及其对应的槽之间包括间隙以允许每一个滚子在其相应的槽内轴向移动。
4.如权利要求3所述的致动器，其中侧向支撑件允许滚子通过由于滚子倒角实现的径向移动以及由于在位于其相应槽内的每一个滚子之间的间隙实现的轴向移动而提供在所有的上锁楔之间的负荷分担。
5.如权利要求3所述的致动器，其中每一个滚子都包括相对的端部，每一个端部都具有倒角。
6.如权利要求5所述的致动器，其中所述多个滚子由在相对端部具有45°倒角的四个滚子提供。
7.如权利要求1所述的致动器，包括相对于彼此可伸缩设置的第一套筒和第二套筒，并且第一套筒和第二套筒被设置为由设在第二套筒内的展开弹簧、活塞杆和锁栓沿轴向偏压远离彼此。
8.如权利要求1所述的致动器，包括与锁栓相配合并且被设置用于在收缩和展开位置之间移动的插锁组件，以及被设置用于在插锁组件处于展开位置时偏压活塞杆和锁栓彼此远离的锁栓弹簧。
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CN108430873A (zh) * 2015-12-11 2018-08-21 赛峰电气与电源公司 包括用于旋转地锁定涡轮的装置的应急风力涡轮机系统
CN114275170A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-05 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种框架及框架集成式rat系统

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BR102012012372B1 (pt) 2021-01-12
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US8640563B2 (en) 2014-02-04

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