CN1027907C - Process for hardening cutting edges of saws, blades and punching dies - Google Patents

Process for hardening cutting edges of saws, blades and punching dies Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1027907C
CN1027907C CN90104823.2A CN90104823A CN1027907C CN 1027907 C CN1027907 C CN 1027907C CN 90104823 A CN90104823 A CN 90104823A CN 1027907 C CN1027907 C CN 1027907C
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China
Prior art keywords
plasma
plasma radiation
radiation
quench method
cutting knife
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN90104823.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1049030A (en
Inventor
阿尔波特·斯凯尔
乌拉迪迷尔·多克玛克夫
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ALBERT SCHLER
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ALBERT SCHLER
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Priority claimed from AT179689A external-priority patent/AT392483B/en
Priority claimed from AT245189A external-priority patent/AT392981B/en
Application filed by ALBERT SCHLER filed Critical ALBERT SCHLER
Publication of CN1049030A publication Critical patent/CN1049030A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/24—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for saw blades

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

A process is disclosed for hardening the cutting edges of saws, knives and cutting tools, in particular for processing wood, paper, cardboard, plastic materials, leather and textiles, by means of an energy beam guided over the areas to be hardened of the tool. A plasma beam is used as energy beam. The plasma beam (2) is guided with a relative speed (v) with respect to the cutting edge of the tool between 5 and 100 mm/sec., the gap between the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch and the cutting edge extends between 2 and 14 mm, the power of the plasma beam is comprised between 1 and 10 kW, and the diameter of the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch is comprised between 3 and 7 mm.

Description

Process for hardening cutting edges of saws, blades and punching dies
The present invention relates to particularly be applicable to the saw land of wood working, and be used for the used cutting knife blade of timber, paper, paper web and presspaper, plastics, leather and yarn fabric processing and the quench method of press tool rib sword.This method is by energy emission is realized to the rib sword zone that above-mentioned instrument need quench.In cited various industrial processes processes, the rib sword of saw, cutting knife or press tool will have wearing and tearing.The time limit of service of these instruments depend on the rib sword quality (material therefor and quench treatment), be cut sawing material with and workload.After reaching time limit of service, these instruments or need resharpen rib sword are perhaps scrapped.Many saws, cutting knife and press tool are made by carbon steel, by heating and then cooling fast, are easy to reach the purpose of quench hardening.Because quench hardening always is associated with reduction toughness, therefore to wish only to quench in rib sword zone, other part is then unaffected.Other of saw, cutting knife and press tool partly should be the least possible sclerosis, and keep big as far as possible toughness.
Known, in the method for can be partially the rib sword being quenched, useful electron radiation or laser radiation are as the energy.This problem of quenching with electron radiation or laser radiation is to need expensive equipment.Owing to this reason, seldom have so far drop into practical.
Electro-induction quenches more known.After the rib sword grinds, heat by an eddy current that produces by high-frequency alternating magnetic field, and cooling realizes quenching rapidly.
By Patent Cooperation Treaty patent WO83/00051(root husband, Switzerland) the known top layer quenching of carrying out plane domain by plasma radiation.Because its plasma radiation stability is very poor, does not also consider with plasma radiation before this rib sword is quenched.
Concerning saw, adopt the special material stellite to be welded on the sawtooth point, be a known method.The stellite material that is connect grinds to form required crown shape again.Yet this technology also is very expensive.
The method that provides one the rib sword of saw, cutting knife and press tool is quenched is provided.This method realizes with energy emission simple, reasonable price.
According to the present invention, adopt controlled plasma radiation to realize quenching, following key parameter is arranged: the workpiece motion s that plasma radiation is quenched relatively, its speed are 5 to 100 mm/second; Plasma generator nozzle to the distance of rib sword is 2 to 14 millimeters; The power of plasma radiation is between 1 to 10 kilowatt; The diameter of used plasma nozzle is between 3 to 7 millimeters.
Under condition by the above-mentioned parameter combination, obtain a new method that was not used, promptly quench with the rib sword of plasma radiation to aforesaid various tool.And only in above-mentioned parameters scope, can realize the naturally cooling of the instrument of quenching, and do not need forced air cooling or water cooling.
For the angle of different material thicknesses and rib sword, rely on control to velocity of displacement V, can obtain the optimal values of heat-up rate and speed of cooling.To thin material, during especially less than 3 millimeters, and less knife edge angular, during especially less than 25 °, translational speed should be selected comparatively fast, otherwise owing to speed of cooling is subjected to the heat conducting restriction of the main body of instrument, and do not reach the quenching purpose of high rigidity.
For big and thick material, and bigger rib basil degree.In order to reach bigger quenching scope, should select translational speed smallerly.
Plasma radiation is with argon or nitrogen, and perhaps mixed gas is by the arc discharge or with the ionization of high-frequency electromagnetic field excitation formation gas.Radiation then realizes by suitable electrode and nozzle shape.Temperature can reach 15 on the axle center of plasma radiation bundle, 000K(absolute temperature).
Adopt above-mentioned plasma radiation, the parameters and the numerical value thereof that provide according to the present invention quench to the rib sword of saw, cutting knife or press tool.Irradiated regional area is red-hot, and its rate of temperature rise reaches 5000K/ second.After energy emission stopped, the rib sword that is heated was by naturally cooling, that is heat is directed to the matrix of these workpiece that quenched, and its rate of temperature drop reaches 1000K/ second.Produce a kind of martensite of fine particulate simultaneously, its hardness can reach the 1000KV(Vickers' hardness).
The key of this processing method is that the rib sword does not allow molten Jie when heating, yet must sufficient thermal treatment be arranged in the zone that needs quench again, could guarantee required hardness like this.And this has only under the parameters combination that provides in the above and could realize.
Following numerical value is particularly suitable for the quench hardening condition
1 to 5 kilowatt of plasma radiation power
4 to 5.5 millimeters of plasma nozzle diameters
The plasma nozzle is to 3 to 9 millimeters of the distances of rib sword
Translational speed 15 to 50 mm/second of the relative rib sword of plasma radiation
Diad the axes alignment rib sword of plasma radiation makes cutting knife or press tool move relative to plasma radiation then.Can reach the purpose of the side even heating that makes the rib sword in this way.Concerning saw, add that beam-plasma with perpendicular to the saw plane, along land thickness, moves above land.Can reach sawtooth sword even heating on its whole teeth are long like this.Concerning the shape of some saw, can not do such mechanical cross motion, the fairly simple advantage of equipment is so just arranged.Available coil produces a magnetic deflection field, and this is between the edge of negative electrode and nozzle.It is wealthy so also can to make beam-plasma reach certain exhibition, is fit to the purpose of some profile of tooth.
Aforesaid method and the difference that becomes known for the electromagnetic field deflection of ion welding (fusing) are: the electromagnetic field that ion welds is between nozzle edge and processing work; And in the ion quenching technology, because electric arc between negative electrode and nozzle edge, therefore can not cause the burn spot of electric arc at workpiece surface.
In order to reduce the energy consumption of saw quenching apparatus, can adopt plasma radiation pulsed operation state.Pulse-repetition f equals the saw translational speed divided by tooth pitch.The time length of pulse is 0.2 to 0.8 second.
Concerning cutting knife, more increase a kind of possibility of controlling the zone of quenching, promptly plasma radiation is with the symmetry axis (for example: 90 degree, 135 degree, perhaps half of tool point angle) of certain angle deviating blade.So just formed one along the asymmetric heating region distribution of its symmetry axis.Can reach the situation that is fit to have specific abrasive conditions with this method.When cutting knife thickness surpasses 5 millimeters, can well be fit to different cutting knife geometrical shapies especially.
The invention will be further described below with reference to accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is to be the ion quenching apparatus synoptic diagram of example with the saw quenching.Ion generator 1, the gas of input forms ionizing radiation 2 by arc-over, penetrates in the nozzle of ionizing radiation by ion generator.Distance between nozzle and land is a.The land 5 ， And that sawtooth 4 is aimed in ionizing radiation make this regional area heating.After by the energy heating, this scorching hot zone rapid Leng Que And sclerosis.Then saw blade 3 is moved further, and the sawtooth 4a that plasma radiation 2 will come following again quenches.
Fig. 2 explains the details in saw land zone.Plasma radiation 2 has diameter d, moves with speed of relative movement V or along land 6, perhaps moves on the direction of denture.
Fig. 3 is the equipment synoptic diagram that expression is quenched to cutting knife with plasma radiation equipment.Plasma radiation is aimed at blade 9 ， And with angle [alpha] and is moved along blade with speed V.Blade will be passed through self quick cooling then by scorching hot like this, thereby reaches the purpose of quenching.
Fig. 4 is the tangent plane synoptic diagram of plasma generator, and 10 is electro-magnet, places between the edge of negative electrode 8 and nozzle 11.Electric arc is subjected to the deflection control of this high frequency magnetic field, and is diffused into the pitch-row space 2 of whole nozzle.
The example that below provides can further specify service condition of the present invention:
Example one: the quenching of machine saw
Material: steel alloy, composition are (%) 0.85C, 0.3Si, 0.3Mn, 0.5Cr, 0.4Ni, 0.25V.45 teeth, 30 millimeters of tooth pitches, the thick b=3.5 millimeter of land.Hardness 420HV before quenching.
Beam-plasma power (kilowatt) 2.5 3.5 2.0
Beam-plasma diameter d (millimeter) 4.0 4.0 4.0
To workpiece apart from the a(millimeter) 5.0 6.0 4.0
Translational speed V(mm/second) 25 30 20
Gas flow (liter/minute) 7 10 7
Highest hardness (HV) 920 940 900
The actual use shows that time limit of service can be increased to four times.
Example two: the quenching of circular saw machine
Material: with example one.50 teeth, 30 millimeters of tooth pitches, the thick b=4.0 millimeter of land.Hardness 410HV before quenching.
Beam-plasma power (kilowatt) 3.0
Beam-plasma diameter d (millimeter) 4.0
To workpiece apart from the a(millimeter) 5.0
Translational speed V(mm/second) 30
Gas flow (liter/minute) 8
Highest hardness (HV) 900
Example three: the quenching of band saw
Material: with example one.6 meters of belt lengths, 15 millimeters of tooth pitches, the thick b=1.5 millimeter of land.Hardness 410HV before quenching.
Beam-plasma power (kilowatt) 1.5
Beam-plasma diameter d (millimeter) 3.0
To workpiece apart from the a(millimeter) 5.0
Translational speed V(mm/second) 20
Gas flow (liter/minute) 7
Highest hardness (HV) 900
Example four: be used for the quenching of the cutting knife of leather and textiles
Material: the CK60(DIN DIN)
Material number 1.1221 contains 0.6C carbon steel.Hardness 300HV before quenching
Beam-plasma power (kilowatt) 124
Beam-plasma diameter d (millimeter) 444
To workpiece apart from the a(millimeter) 468
Beam-plasma and blade axle clamp angle (degree) 000
Translational speed V(mm/second) 25 35 50
Gas flow (liter/minute) 555
Highest hardness (HV) 860 890 940
Example five: the quenching of wood processing planing tool
Material: the 80CrVZ(DIN DIN)
Material number 1.2235, steel alloy 0.4Cr, 0.2V.Hardness 280HV before quenching
Beam-plasma power (kilowatt) 235
Beam-plasma diameter d (millimeter) 444
To workpiece apart from the a(millimeter) 468
Beam-plasma and blade axle clamp angle (degree) 60 90 120
Translational speed V(mm/second) 20 30 40
Gas flow (liter/minute) 556
Highest hardness (HV) 840 880 905

Claims (9)

1, a kind of saw that relates to, the quenching method of the rib sword of cutting knife and press tool, described instrument is mainly used in timber, paper, paper web and presspaper, plastics, in the industrial processes of leather and textiles, by energy emission is realized hardening treatment to the workpiece of needs quenching, it is characterized in that a plasma radiation (2) is used as this energy emission, plasma radiation (2) moves relative to the rib sword of workpiece to be machined simultaneously, its speed of relative movement is 5 to 100 mm/second, the nozzle of plasma generator (1) to the distance of rib sword is 2 to 14 millimeters, the power of plasma radiation is between 1 to 10 kilowatt, and the diameter of the nozzle mouth of plasma generator is between 3 to 7 millimeters.
2, quench method according to claim 1 is characterized in that plasma radiation power is between 1 to 5 kilowatt.
3, quench method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that on the nozzle mouth of plasma generator that the plasma radiation diameter is 4 to 5.5 millimeters.
4,, it is characterized in that plasma generator nozzle mouth to the distance of rib sword is 3 to 9 millimeters according to described any quench method of claim 1 to 3.
5, quench method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the translational speed of the relative rib sword of plasma radiation (2) is between 15 to 50 mm/second.
6, quench method according to claim 5 is characterized in that plasma radiation with pulsed operation, and pulse-repetition f equals the saw blade translational speed and removed by tooth pitch, and the time length of pulse is between 0.2 to 0.8 second.
7, quench method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the axle of plasma radiation is consistent with the symmetry axis of cutting knife blade.
8, quench method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the axle of plasma radiation and the symmetry axis of cutting knife blade have an angle α who is roughly 90 ℃.
9, quench method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the axle of plasma radiation and the symmetry axis of cutting knife blade have an angle α who is roughly 135 ℃.
CN90104823.2A 1989-07-25 1990-07-24 Process for hardening cutting edges of saws, blades and punching dies Expired - Fee Related CN1027907C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT179689A AT392483B (en) 1989-07-25 1989-07-25 METHOD FOR HARDENING THE CUTTING EDGES OF SAWS
ATA1796/89 1989-07-25
AT245189A AT392981B (en) 1989-10-24 1989-10-24 Method of hardening the cutting edges of knives
ATA2451/89 1989-10-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1049030A CN1049030A (en) 1991-02-06
CN1027907C true CN1027907C (en) 1995-03-15

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CN90104823.2A Expired - Fee Related CN1027907C (en) 1989-07-25 1990-07-24 Process for hardening cutting edges of saws, blades and punching dies

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EP (1) EP0483182B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1027907C (en)
AT (1) ATE115639T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5960690A (en)
CA (1) CA2064032A1 (en)
CS (1) CS367490A3 (en)
DE (1) DE59008039D1 (en)
FI (1) FI95048C (en)
PL (1) PL286149A1 (en)
SK (1) SK279015B6 (en)
WO (1) WO1991001386A1 (en)
YU (1) YU135290A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4126910C1 (en) * 1991-08-14 1992-09-24 Georg Weiss Gmbh, 8201 Schechen, De
US5417132A (en) 1993-01-19 1995-05-23 Alan R. Pfaff Rotary cutting dies
DE4328961C2 (en) * 1993-08-27 1995-11-30 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Process for the production of paper knives
AT404798B (en) * 1994-01-17 1999-02-25 Fischer Gmbh METHOD FOR HARDENING STEEL RUNNERS FOR SKI AND PLASMA HEAD FOR HARDENING EDGES IN STEEL MATERIALS AND DEVICE FOR HARDENING EDGES IN STEEL MATERIALS
DE4433720A1 (en) * 1994-09-21 1996-03-28 Linde Ag Method and device for hardening ski steel edges
AT403805B (en) * 1994-12-23 1998-05-25 Fischer Gmbh METHOD FOR MACHINING STEEL EDGES FOR SKI OR THE LIKE
DE69620119T2 (en) * 1995-12-19 2002-11-28 Katayama Steel Rule Die, Inc. Manufacturing process for a stamping plate
US6189414B1 (en) 1995-12-19 2001-02-20 Yoshizawa Industry Inc. Counter plate and cutting die for die cutting machine
DK0880422T3 (en) * 1996-02-15 2002-03-25 Bernal International Inc Cutting die and method of manufacture
NL1040070C2 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-08-28 Hho Heating Systems B V PLASMATRON AND HEATING DEVICES INCLUDING A PLASMATRON.
CN110066994A (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-30 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 The processing method of cutter and the cutter
TW202001977A (en) * 2018-06-08 2020-01-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 Plasma system for substrate edge treatment and treatment method using the plasma system
CN108866303B (en) * 2018-08-02 2024-02-27 泉州市海恩德机电科技发展有限公司 Quick pushing up-down oil injection mechanism for large-diameter saw blade iron matrix

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1233454A (en) * 1958-09-18 1960-10-12 Plasma Flame Corp Process for treating metals by plasma flow
JPS52115711A (en) * 1975-05-26 1977-09-28 Toushichi Ishizawa Method of hardening saw teeth
CH661747A5 (en) * 1984-05-08 1987-08-14 Ki Proizv Ob Polimernogo Mash METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODIES.

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Publication number Publication date
ATE115639T1 (en) 1994-12-15
CN1049030A (en) 1991-02-06
FI95048B (en) 1995-08-31
PL286149A1 (en) 1991-03-11
SK279015B6 (en) 1998-05-06
DE59008039D1 (en) 1995-01-26
EP0483182A1 (en) 1992-05-06
CS367490A3 (en) 1992-01-15
YU135290A (en) 1992-12-21
WO1991001386A1 (en) 1991-02-07
FI920328A0 (en) 1992-01-24
CA2064032A1 (en) 1991-01-26
FI95048C (en) 1995-12-11
EP0483182B1 (en) 1994-12-14
AU5960690A (en) 1991-02-22

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Correction item: Denomination of Invention

Correct: Saw and cutter and edge quenching method of stamping die

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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTION NAME; FROM: SAW, THE EDGE QUENCHING METHODS OF CUTTER AND RAM MOULD TO: ARRIS EDGE QUENCHING METHOD OF THE SAW CUTTER AND RAM MOULD

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