CN102790548A - Bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric power generating device - Google Patents
Bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric power generating device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric power generating device. The bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric power generating device comprises a casing, wherein a cylindrical clamp is fixed at the center in the casing; eight bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures are uniformly distributed on the clamp and are of an annular array; each bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure comprises a twin crystal bistable piezoelectric cantilever beam fixed on the clamp, a first piezoelectric layer, a second piezoelectric layer, a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, wherein the first pieoelectric layer and the second pieoeelctric layer are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the twin crystal bistable piezoelectric cantilever beam; the first permanent magnet is arranged at a free end of the twin crystal bistable piezoelectric cantilever beam; the second permanent magnet is arranged opposite to the first permanent magnet on the inner wall of the casing on the same side of the beam; electrodes are respectively arranged on the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer; eight bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures are arranged in two-to-two symmetrical way; and parameters of two mutually-symmetrical bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures are consistent. The work frequency domain width, the power generation efficiency and the power generation amount in unit time of the bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric power generating device are remarkably improved compared with a single piezoelectric cantilever beam structure and an array linear voltage cantilever beam structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device, the vibration mechanical energy that can effectively collect surrounding environment generates electricity, and belongs to power-saving technology and regenerated environment protecting new energy field.
Background technology
Along with the application of MEMS and portable electric appts is increasingly extensive, use the traditional approach of chemical cell power supply to expose many drawbacks, short like the life-span, need periodic replacement, contaminated environment etc.; Especially harsh or for the inaccessible local electronic equipment that uses of the mankind for condition of work, it is quite high and be difficult to realize to change the battery cost; Therefore, how to have become problem demanding prompt solution for these power electronic equipment.Utilize the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric can the vibrational energy in the surrounding environment be changed into electric energy, to realize the self energizing of electronic equipment.
The cantilever type piezoelectric oscillator is low because of its vibration frequency, energy transformation ratio is high and be easy to integrated receiving much concern.Chinese patent (publication number CN101262189A) discloses a kind of twin crystal cantilever type piezoelectric TRT and has been converted into electric energy to collect bending vibration energy; Chinese patent (publication number CN102420542A) discloses a kind of single-chip cantilever type piezoelectric vibrating electricity generator; The effective length ratio of piezoelectric layer and spring beam is adjusted into 0.66, has improved the open circuit power output of generator.Above-mentioned cantilever type TRT, when its vibration was maximum, the piezoelectric patches distortion was maximum, and the electric weight that produce this moment is maximum.This just requires the natural frequency of external excitation and cantilever beam to be consistent as far as possible.Yet the vibration source vibration frequency in the environment is unsettled often, and therefore this device is difficult to realize and the matched well of ambient vibration frequency, and energy conversion efficiency is low, energy output is little.
In order to improve generating efficiency; Chinese patent (publication number CN102412757A) proposes the adjustable cantilever style piezoelectric generator of a kind of fundamental resonance frequency; The effective rigidity of the position change cantilever beam through regulating cantilever beam end mass piece; Make it and the driving frequency coupling with the fundamental resonance frequency of regulating piezoelectric generator, but this mode difficult realization in practical application.Chinese patent (publication number CN101272109A) and (publication number CN102148587A) have announced a kind of many beam types and the board-like piezoelectric generating device of many cantilevers respectively; Widened the resonance bands of piezoelectric generating device; But this type of each piezoelectric vibrator of array power generating device can't be worked simultaneously; Reaching enough bandwidth then needs a plurality of cantilever beams, causes structural volume bigger, is difficult to realize microminiaturized.
United States Patent (USP) (publication number WO2010151738A3) and Chinese patent (publication number CN102064745A) disclose one type of bistable state piezoelectric cantilever TRT; Effectively widened the resonance bands of cantilever beam; But it is limited that its bandwidth range is still; In case the resonance bands scope of environment frequency departure piezoelectric cantilever oscillator, the response susceptibility of TRT then can descend, fully the vibrational energy in the absorbing environmental.
Summary of the invention
Poor to present piezoelectric cantilever TRT environmental suitability, generating efficiency is low, the little problem of energy output in the unit interval; For make piezoelectric generating device can more conform at random, the small size vibration source of broadband, low frequency; The present invention provides a kind of bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device, through improving structural design, makes it to have wideer operating frequency band; Improve the energy output of unit interval simultaneously, optimize the combination property that promotes TRT.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention is achieved is: comprise housing; Middle position in the said housing is fixed with a cylinder gripper; Be evenly equipped with eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures on the said cylinder gripper, said eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure circular array; Said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure comprises a twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever that is fixed on the anchor clamps; The free end of said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever is provided with first permanent magnet; On the inner walls of homonymy and with the same horizontal position of said first permanent magnet, be fixed with second permanent magnet; Said first permanent magnet and second permanent magnet identical in quality, and place relatively according to magnetic pole; First piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer that said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever comprises spring beam and sticks on the spring beam upper and lower surfaces respectively; The width of said first piezoelectric layer, second piezoelectric layer and spring beam equates; The equal in length of first piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer and with the length ratio of spring beam be that the same end of 0.6, the first piezoelectric layer and first piezoelectric layer all aligns with the root of spring beam; The upper and lower surface of first piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer is provided with electrode respectively; Eight the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of clamping on cylinder gripper are in twos and arrange symmetrically with respect to the center line of cylinder gripper; The structural parameters of two bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillators arranging symmetrically are consistent, and the structural parameters of the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator of arranged adjacent are different.
Say that further bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention wherein, adopts serial or parallel connection to connect between first piezoelectric layer on each twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever and second piezoelectric layer.With eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of annular array according to along annular adjacent four be that one group mode is divided into two groups, every group of four piezoelectric cantilever oscillators that comprise are connected in series, and then are connected in parallel between two groups.
The structural parameters of said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator comprise the size of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever and the quality of first permanent magnet and second permanent magnet.
A kind of in material selection aluminium, copper and the monocrystalline silicon of said spring beam.Piezoelectric is selected a kind of among PZT and the PVDF for use in said first piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer.Said electrode is made up of platinum coating or silvering, and said electrode is provided with draws lead.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) utilizes bistable state piezo-electric generating system unintentional nonlinearity characteristic; Under the acting in conjunction of ambient vibration excitation and magnetic force, make piezoelectric cantilever oscillator generation accidental resonance; Compare with conventional piezoelectric cantilever beam oscillator; Bistable system has the resonance frequency band of broad and big response amplitude, is just meeting in the environment at random, the characteristics of the weak excitation of wideband, thereby is improving generating efficiency.
(2) the present invention is made up of the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator that eight structural parameters are not quite similar, and causes its corresponding resonance frequency band also to be not quite similar, thereby makes the whole generating device have wideer operating frequency; Simultaneously; The design that the piezoelectric vibrator of symmetrical placement has a same structure parameter makes when the vibration frequency when external environment drops in the resonance frequency band of this TRT; At least have two generating oscillators and work simultaneously, thereby effectively improve the energy output that installs in the unit interval.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the end view of bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 is a repulsive force effect sketch map between first, second permanent magnet in the same bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure;
Fig. 5 is the non-linear potential-energy function figure of bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator of the present invention.
Among the figure:
The 1-twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 2-first piezoelectric layer 3-second piezoelectric layer
4-electrode 5-lead 6-first permanent magnet
The 7-second permanent magnet 8-housing 9-cylinder gripper
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3; Bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention; Comprise housing 8; Middle position in the said housing 8 is fixed with a cylinder gripper 9, is evenly equipped with eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillators on the said cylinder gripper 9, said eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator circular array; Said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator comprises a twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 that is fixed on the anchor clamps; The free end of said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 is provided with first permanent magnet 6, on the inner walls of homonymy and with said first permanent magnet, 6 same horizontal position, is fixed with second permanent magnet 7; First piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3 that said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 comprises spring beam and sticks on the spring beam upper and lower surfaces respectively; A kind of in material selection aluminium, copper and the monocrystalline silicon of said spring beam, piezoelectric is selected a kind of among PZT and the PVDF for use in said first piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3; The width of said first piezoelectric layer 2, second piezoelectric layer 3 and spring beam equates; The equal in length of first piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer and with the length ratio of spring beam be that the same end of 0.6, the first piezoelectric layer 2 and first piezoelectric layer 3 all aligns with the root of spring beam; The upper and lower surface of first piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3 is provided with electrode 4 respectively; Said first permanent magnet 6 and second permanent magnet 7 identical in quality, and place relatively according to magnetic pole; Eight the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of clamping on cylinder gripper 9 are in twos and arrange symmetrically with respect to the center line of cylinder gripper 9; The parameter of two bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of arranging symmetrically is consistent, and promptly the quality of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever size and two magnetic patch is identical; But the parameter of the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure of arranged adjacent is different, and the structural parameters of said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator comprise the size of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 and the quality of first permanent magnet 6 and second permanent magnet 7.
When ambient vibration, extraneous mechanical oscillation drive each twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever generation transverse vibration through clamping device, and first, second piezoelectric layer generation deformation that is positioned at twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever upper and lower surfaces this moment produces electric charge.
First, second permanent magnet 6 and 7 is a rectangle described in the present invention; And by placing relatively with magnetic pole; The repulsive force that is produced; Make the piezoelectric cantilever oscillator under proper condition (when piezoelectric vibrator is the negative stiffness system) accidental resonance takes place, the free transition between two stable states of oscillator this moment, thus widened the resonance frequency band of piezoelectric vibrator.The fixing piezoelectric cantilever oscillator of symmetry has identical resonance frequency band because of structural parameters are consistent, but does not overlap with the resonance frequency band of other each piezoelectric cantilever oscillators, thereby effectively widens the working band of whole generating device.In addition, when the ambient vibration frequency drops in the working band of whole generating device, will have at least two bistable state piezoelectric vibrators and work simultaneously, thereby improved the energy output in the TRT unit interval.Adopt serial or parallel connection to connect between first piezoelectric layer 2 on each twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 and second piezoelectric layer 3.With eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of annular array according to along annular adjacent four be that one group mode is divided into two groups, every group of four piezoelectric cantilever oscillators that comprise are connected in series, and then are connected in parallel between two groups.Promptly adopt between 8 bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures string-and the mode of series-parallel connection connect.The top layer up and down of every layer of piezoelectric layer all is coated with the electrode 4 that is made up of platinum coating or silvering, and is welded with lead-in wire as lead 5, is connected with follow-up collection storage device with convenient.
Composite cantilever structure of the present invention can be realized integrated with microelectronic component with micro-processing technology; Also can use traditional handicraft and process the large scale structure, be used for vehicle-mounted or other mobile electronic equipments.
Embodiment:
Fig. 1 shows bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure among the present invention, comprises twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1, and upper and lower two surfaces of said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 are pasted with first piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3 respectively; The width of the spring beam on said first piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3 and the twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 is identical, and the length of said first piezoelectric layer 2 and said second piezoelectric layer 3 is 60% of spring beam length.The polarised direction of first piezoelectric layer 2 and second piezoelectric layer 3 is along the thickness direction of cantilever beam; The direction of arrow shown in the P among Fig. 1; Piezoelectric layer all adopts piezoelectric ceramic piece, all is coated with electrode 4 on the upper and lower surface of each piezoelectric ceramic piece, can be connected with the rectification memory circuit through lead 5; The free end of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 is pasted with first permanent magnet 6, and on the inwall of housing 8, the position that is aligning first permanent magnet 6 is fixed with 7, two blocks of magnet of second permanent magnet and places so that repulsive force to be provided relatively with magnetic pole one side.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively the installation diagram and the vertical views of whole bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device; Cylinder gripper 9 is fixed on the middle part that a profile is the insulation shell 8 of eight prisms; One end of eight twin lamella piezoelectric cantilevers 1 is inserted into respectively in the cylinder gripper 9, and eight twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1 circular array are arranged; When external environment is vibrated; Cylinder gripper 9 can produce vibration thereupon; Thereby drive eight twin lamella piezoelectric cantilevers 1 horizontal forced vibration takes place, deformation takes place in the piezoelectric ceramic piece that sticks on the cantilever beam upper and lower surfaces thereupon, thereby the vibration mechanical energy in the environment is converted into electric energy.
Among the present invention; The fixing piezoelectric cantilever oscillator of symmetry has identical resonance frequency band because of structural parameters are consistent; But do not overlap with the resonance frequency band of other each piezoelectric cantilever oscillators; Can effectively widen the working band of whole generating device, thereby make whole device have the resonance frequency band of broad.
Fig. 4 is a repulsive force effect sketch map between first, second permanent magnet, and the end distance that two magnet are adjacent is d, and the length of rectangular magnet is l0, and the size that changes spacing d can cause the change of repulsive force size between two magnet; In the time of in spacing d adjusts to suitable scope, two stable state potential wells can appear in non-linear potential function, thereby make the piezoelectric cantilever oscillator constitute a bistable system; The scope of d is relevant with the structural parameters of bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator, and for institute's contrive equipment, because the structural parameters of each beam are not quite similar, so the scope of each piezoelectric vibrator two magnet spacing d is also different.
Fig. 5 utilizes matlab (to be widely used at aspects such as numerical computations, numerical simulation, engineering drawings; Be the business mathematics software that U.S. MathWorks company produces; Version used in the present invention is 2010a) the non-linear potential-energy function figure of the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator that obtains of numerical simulation; A among Fig. 5 is the stiffness coefficient of piezoelectric cantilever vibrator model, and:
Wherein, μ
0=4 π * 10-7H/m is a permeability of vacuum, and M is the magnetization of magnet, and V is the volume of magnet, and δ is the horizontal range between two magnetic blow out centre, and L is the rigidity of cantilever beam when not adding magnet for the horizontal range of beam end magnetic blow out centre to the beam root, k.When a be on the occasion of the time, the cantilever beam oscillator just possibly constitute bistable system; Thereby can confirm that each piezoelectric vibrator of different structure parameter can constitute the condition of bistable system, i.e. the optimum range of magnet end interplanar distance d.
Bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention, wherein, the material of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever 1, size, the size of first permanent magnet and second permanent magnet and the spacing of magnet can be adjusted as the case may be.Spring beam on the twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever can adopt aluminium, copper, monocrystalline silicon or other composite materials; Piezoelectric is selected PZT, PVDF or other piezo-electricity composite materials for use in the piezoelectric layer; First permanent magnet and second permanent magnet can be selected rectangle neodymium permanent magnet etc. for use.
In sum, the work frequency domain of bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention is wide, and more single Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams of the energy output of generating efficiency and unit interval and array formula linear piezoelectric cantilever beam structure obviously improve.
Although invention has been described for top combination figure; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is schematically, rather than restrictive; Those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; Under the situation that does not break away from aim of the present invention, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. bistable state composite cantilever piezoelectric generating device; Comprise housing (8); It is characterized in that; Middle position in the said housing (8) is fixed with a cylinder gripper (9), is evenly equipped with eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures on the said cylinder gripper (9), said eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure circular array; Said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure comprises a twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever (1) that is fixed on the cylinder gripper; The free end of said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever (1) is provided with first permanent magnet (6); On the inner walls of homonymy and with the same horizontal position of said first permanent magnet (6), be fixed with second permanent magnet (7); Said first permanent magnet (6) and second permanent magnet (7) identical in quality, and place relatively according to magnetic pole;
First piezoelectric layer (2) and second piezoelectric layer (3) that said twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever (1) comprises spring beam and sticks on the spring beam upper and lower surfaces respectively; The width of said first piezoelectric layer (2), second piezoelectric layer (3) and spring beam equates; The equal in length of first piezoelectric layer and second piezoelectric layer and with the length ratio of spring beam be that the same end of 0.6, the first piezoelectric layer (2) and first piezoelectric layer (3) all aligns with the root of spring beam; The upper and lower surface of first piezoelectric layer (2) and second piezoelectric layer (3) is provided with electrode (4) respectively;
Eight the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of clamping on cylinder gripper (9) are in twos and arrange symmetrically with respect to the center line of cylinder gripper (9); The parameter of two bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of arranging symmetrically is consistent, and the parameter of the bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure of arranged adjacent is different.
2. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 1 piezoelectric generating device, it is characterized in that, adopt serial or parallel connection to connect between first piezoelectric layer (2) on each twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever (1) and second piezoelectric layer (3).
3. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 2 piezoelectric generating device; It is characterized in that; With eight bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structures of annular array according to along annular adjacent four be that one group mode is divided into two groups; Every group of four piezoelectric cantilever oscillators that comprise are connected in series, and then are connected in parallel between two groups.
4. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 1 piezoelectric generating device; It is characterized in that the parameter of said bistable state piezoelectric cantilever oscillator structure comprises the size of twin lamella piezoelectric cantilever (1) and the quality of first permanent magnet (6) and second permanent magnet (7).
5. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 1 piezo-electric generating transposition, it is characterized in that: a kind of in material selection aluminium, copper and the monocrystalline silicon of said spring beam.
6. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 1 piezo-electric generating transposition, it is characterized in that: piezoelectric is selected a kind of among PZT and the PVDF for use in said first piezoelectric layer (2) and second piezoelectric layer (3).
7. according to the said bistable state composite cantilever of claim 1 piezo-electric generating transposition, it is characterized in that: said electrode (4) is made up of platinum coating or silvering, and said electrode (4) is provided with draws lead (5).
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