CN102778105B - 一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN102778105B
CN102778105B CN201210277123.0A CN201210277123A CN102778105B CN 102778105 B CN102778105 B CN 102778105B CN 201210277123 A CN201210277123 A CN 201210277123A CN 102778105 B CN102778105 B CN 102778105B
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argon
liquid argon
liquid
compressed air
enters
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CN102778105A (zh
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刘玉良
李宗辉
赵时卷
李康
陈增凯
张家勇
丁玲
王勇
刘泗波
杨绪文
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JINAN BAODE GAS CO Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04721—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04727—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column using an auxiliary pure argon column for nitrogen rejection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04096—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of argon or argon enriched stream
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04478—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for controlling purposes, e.g. start-up or back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04703—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser being arranged in more than one vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/58—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being argon or crude argon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/10—Control for or during start-up and cooling down of the installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Abstract

本发明公开一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法，包括主换热器，液氩贮槽，液氩泵，膨胀机，过冷器，主精馏塔，氩分离装置，一部分液氩直接进入液氩泵,另一部分液氩进入液氩贮槽,进入液氩贮槽的液氩从底部进入液氩泵,液氩泵出来的液氩进入主换热器。一种制氧机快速启动的方法，压缩空气的制冷来自于两方面：一方面压缩空气经过冷却净化后进入增压透平膨胀机做功获得冷量，使压缩空气得以液化，进入主精馏塔；另一方面将液氩贮槽内贮存的液氩通过液氩泵加压送入冷箱内的主换热器中与正流压缩空气换热，正流压缩空气获得液氩复热汽化释放的这部分冷量，经过过冷器后进入主精馏塔内。有益效果是降低了开车过程带来的无产品耗能，节约了运行成本。

Description

一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法。
背景技术
制氧机在运行后停车冷备的情况下，塔内冷量由于冷箱跑冷损失，温度逐渐升高，重新启动时，需要开启两台膨胀机来补充冷量，使塔内温度恢复到正常工作温度，且主冷液位达到正常高度时，停运一台膨胀机，通过调纯恢复到正常运行模式。这种启动方法虽然制冷量较大，但是在两台膨胀机工作时膨胀空气量过大，不利于精馏塔工况的恢复，只有在停运多开膨胀机后才能开始调纯，势必造成启动时间较长，无产品过程能耗高。
另外，制氧机中压氩气压缩供应方面，普遍采用的有两种方式：一种是将正常运行的制氧机精氩塔内液氩通过液氩泵加压送入主换热器内与正流压缩空气进行换热，复热后送入中压氩气管网，供管网用户使用。另一种是将制氧机液氩贮槽内液氩通过液氩泵加压送入空浴式换热器内与环境大气进行换热，复热后送入中压氩气管网，供管网用户使用。
这两种氩气供应方式中，第一种在液氩复热过程中的冷量得以回收，但它要求制氧机氩系统必须达到正常工况，产品纯度合格，在制氧机启动过程中不能采用。第二种供应方式不对液氩复热冷量进行回收，冷量白白浪费掉了。
发明内容
为了实现制氧机快速启动，降低启动过程的无产品能耗，本发明提供一种制氧机快速启动装置及方法。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案：
一种制氧机快速启动装置，包括主换热器，液氩贮槽，液氩泵，膨胀机，过冷器，主精馏塔，氩分离装置，压缩空气经过主换热器后,压缩空气的一部分经过膨胀机、过冷器后，进入主分馏塔参与精馏，另一部分直接进入主分馏塔参与精馏，由主精馏塔抽出氩馏分进入氩分离装置，生成的液氩，一部分液氩直接进入液氩泵,另一部分液氩进入液氩贮槽,进入液氩贮槽的液氩从底部进入液氩泵,液氩泵出来的液氩进入主换热器。
所述氩分离装置包括粗氩Ⅰ塔，粗氩Ⅱ塔，精氩塔,主精馏塔抽出氩馏分依次进入粗氩Ⅰ塔，粗氩Ⅱ塔，精氩塔。
所述主换热器设有与进冷箱压缩空气进行逆向热交换的中压氩气换热通道。
所述的液氩贮槽底部进液氩泵的管道上设有低温截止阀。
所述的精氩塔底部进液氩泵的管道上设有低温截止阀。
所述的液氩泵入口管道及出口与主换热器连接管道或存放于制氧机冷箱内，或经过绝热保温处理。
一种制氧机快速启动的方法，在启动过程中，压缩空气获得的冷量来自于两方面,一方面压缩空气经过冷却净化后进入增压透平膨胀机做功获得冷量，使压缩空气得以液化，进入主塔；另一方面将液氩贮槽内贮存的液氩通过液氩泵加压送入制氧机冷箱内的主换热器中与正流压缩空气进行换热，正流压缩空气获得液氩复热汽化释放的这部分冷量，经过过冷器后进入主精馏塔内，达到快速启动制氧机。
本发明的有益效果是：缩短了冷量积累的时间，降低了无产品能耗。如在外压缩2万等级制氧机在实施该专利后，实现了制氧机开车时间缩短1.5小时，节约空压机电耗（每小时耗电1万千瓦时，每千瓦时0.6元）0.6*10000*1.5=9000元，增加氧氮产品产值（每小时氧氮产品产量为60000立方米，氧氮产品价格为0.2元）0.2*60000*1.5=18000元。同时，制氧机从启动到产出合格氧气的总时间相应缩短，缓冲了气体管网用户因开停机、检修等带来的生产波动。
附图说明
图1现有制氧机回收冷量供氩方式示意图；
图2现有不回收冷量供氩方式示意图；
图3本发明制氧机快速启动流程示意图；
图中1.主换热器，2.精氩塔，3.液氩泵，4.液氩贮槽，5.空浴式换热器，6.冷箱，7.增压透平膨胀机，8.主精馏塔，9.粗氩Ⅰ塔，10.粗氩Ⅱ塔，11.过冷器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：
图1中，精氩塔2精馏产出的液氩积累在底部，一部分输送到液氩贮槽4内，一部分通过低温液氩泵3加压至1.6Mpa后输送到主换热器1中被正流压缩空气复热后，送入中压氩气管网，正流空气获得冷量进入精馏塔2内，参与精馏。
图2中，精氩塔2精馏产出的液氩积累在底部，先输送到液氩贮槽4内，再由低温液氩泵3加压至1.6Mpa后，输送到空浴式汽化器5内与大气换热后，复热成为中压氩气进入管网。
可以看出，两种方式都无法在制氧机启动时进行液氩复热时冷量的回收，图1中在制氧机启动时精氩塔2精馏工况还未形成，没有液氩可以压缩送入主换热器1；图2中液氩复热时冷量被释放到大气中去，没有进行回收，只能依靠膨胀机7制冷效应获得冷量。
图3中，本方法中一方面压缩空气经过冷却净化后进入增压透平膨胀机7中做功获得冷量，使压缩空气得以液化，进入主精馏塔8,从主精馏塔8主冷上部抽出氩馏分进入粗氩Ⅰ塔9和粗氩Ⅱ塔10中，实现氧和氩的分离，得到的粗氩进入到精氩塔2中除掉其中的氮组分，在精氩塔2底部获得高纯度的液氩，输送到液氩贮槽4内；另一方面将液氩贮槽4内已经贮存的液氩通过液氩泵3加压打入冷箱6内的主换热器1中与正流压缩空气换热，加快进塔正流空气的冷却速度，后经过过冷器11进入主精馏塔8内参与精馏。

Claims (1)

1.一种制氧机快速启动装置，包括主换热器，液氩贮槽，液氩泵，膨胀机，过冷器，主精馏塔，氩分离装置，压缩空气经过主换热器后,压缩空气的一部分经过膨胀机、过冷器后，进入主精馏塔参与精馏，另一部分直接进入主精馏塔参与精馏，由主精馏塔抽出氩馏分进入氩分离装置，生成的液氩，其特征是，一部分液氩直接进入液氩泵,另一部分液氩进入液氩贮槽,进入液氩贮槽的液氩从底部进入液氩泵,液氩泵出来的液氩进入主换热器；
所述氩分离装置包括精氩塔，粗氩Ⅰ塔，粗氩Ⅱ塔，主精馏塔抽出氩馏分依次进入粗氩Ⅰ塔，粗氩Ⅱ塔，精氩塔；
所述主换热器设有与进冷箱压缩空气进行逆向热交换的中压氩气换热通道；
液氩贮槽底部进液氩泵的管道上设有低温截止阀；
精氩塔底部进液氩泵的管道上设有低温截止阀；
液氩泵入口管道及出口与主换热器连接管道或存放于制氧机冷箱内，或经过绝热保温处理；
在启动过程中，压缩空气获得的冷量来自于两方面,一方面压缩空气经过冷却净化后进入增压透平膨胀机做功获得冷量，使压缩空气得以液化，进入主塔；另一方面将液氩贮槽内贮存的液氩通过液氩泵加压送入制氧机冷箱内的主换热器中与正流压缩空气进行换热，正流压缩空气获得液氩复热汽化释放的这部分冷量，经过过冷器后进入主精馏塔内，达到快速启动制氧机；
制氧机从启动到产出合格氧气的总时间相应缩短，缓冲了气体管网用户因开停机、检修等带来的生产波动。
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