CN102776010B

CN102776010B - Oil shale dry distillation method

Info

Publication number: CN102776010B
Application number: CN2012102838137A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李刚; 贲道春; 王复光
Original assignee: HAIAN SHILI MACHINERY Co Ltd; Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: HAIAN SHILI MACHINERY Co Ltd; Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2012-08-10
Filing date: 2012-08-10
Publication date: 2013-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-10
Also published as: CN102776010A

Abstract

The invention provides an oil shale destructive distillation method. The oil shale destructive distillation method comprises the following steps of (1) feeding oil shale raw materials into a drying machine to be dried, separating dried products into waste gas and oil shale; (2) mixing obtained oil shale and a heat carrier in a mixer, feeding a mixture into a destructive distillation furnace to perform destructive distillation reaction, and using a high-temperature dust collector to perform dedusting separation to a destructive distillation product to obtain hot oil gas and hot semi-coked slag. The oil shale destructive distillation method has the advantages that granule materials can be processed, resource wasting is reduced, the resource utilization rate is high, fixed carbon burning heat in raw material semi-coked slag is fully utilized to supply heat for a system, the heat efficiency of the system is high, as residues does not contain oil and fixed carbon and can serve as a raw material for cement, ceramic production and the like or can be directly discharged after the destructive distillation semi-coked slag is subjected to burning treatment, no pollution is caused, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the separation is thorough.

Description

A kind of dry distillation method of oil shale

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of dry distillation method of oil shale, belong to the petrochemical technology field.

Background technology

China's resinous shale is amounted to crude oil reserve and is reached 47,000,000,000 tons, average oil length is more than 6%, ash content is greater than 40%, oil shale waste slag belongs to the non-plastic raw material of the similar volcano grey matter that contains a small amount of carbon residue, certain granularity is arranged, major ingredient is SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, CaO etc., also containing trace heavy metal elements such as cadmium, chromium, lead.Residue is as processed not in time, and water source, soil and biology after rain or diffusion around severe contamination, endanger residents ' health.Maximum Estonia of oil shale resources in the world, the waste residue stores surpasses 8,000,000,000 tons, and forest is destroyed by sheet as a result, and ground water table descends, and air, river and lake all are subject to severe contamination; The shale lime-ash also becomes the most serious ecological environment problem in Period In Maoming city at home.Can the therefore residue utilization of dissolving will be to put forward the key that can oily engineering be implemented.

Current domestic resinous shale oil extracting process still be take the vertical heater distillation process as main, and the vertical heater structure is vertical channel fixed bed indirect heating, belongs to the gaseous heat-carrier method.The method mainly has the following disadvantages: device structure is simple, easily goes into operation; Because fine powder in vertical particle layers can stop up space, affect thermal conduction, therefore vertical distillation process must be by raw material crushing screening, wherein<10mm fine particle is picked out as mine tailing, resource utilization only has 75%, and contaminate environment; Due to the body of heater special construction, in stove, ventilation property is poor, and oil gas is difficult for overflowing, the feed distribution lack of homogeneity, and effectively oil extracting rate only has 50%; Carry oil and slag tap and use water-lute, consume water resources, 1 ton of oil of every production, approximately discharge 16 tons of slags (containing the shale fine particle that can't process), needs 4 tons of water-lutes to process, and wet slag contaminate environment after processing, be difficult to comprehensive utilization, and heat utilization efficiency is low; Single stove processing power is low, and general vertical dry furnace is processed 100 tons of shale raw materials every day.

External aspect, Canadian ATP distillation process belongs to solid heat carrier method, by a horizontal revolving kiln, formed, two concentric drums, inner core is for preheating and the destructive distillation of resinous shale, and half cinder burning of generation, along the urceolus countercurrent flow, is passed to the shale in inner core by heat; The female Pyrolysis Hydrocarbon Generation gas of oil, come out of the stove by pipeline, enters gas recovery system for oil.This distillation process resource utilization is high, and tar productivity is high, and thermo-efficiency is high, but also exists the dry distillation area temperature higher, and the part oil product changes into splitting gas, and calorific value is slightly low, and accumulating is slightly difficult, and the proper value of gas also is restricted; Simultaneously because the processes such as whole oven dry, destructive distillation, burning all complete in single device, the device structure complexity, temperature, pressure-controlling difficulty are large.USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Jia Luojie horizontal tilt rotary dry distillation stove is close with ATP stove principle, but production capacity is lower.PETROSIX gas retort, the Estonian GALOTER gas retort of Brazil, the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) base special stove of entrusting, ultimate principle is identical with domestic vertical heater.High temperature fluidized bed destructive distillation and ICP original place transform retorting technique and all do not enter industrial production, are difficult to comparison.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of dry distillation method of oil shale is provided.

Dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material, send into drying machine drying, the product separation after oven dry becomes waste gas and resinous shale;

2) resinous shale that obtains and thermal barrier are entered to gas retort after mixing tank mixes and carry out dry distillation reactor, the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separates and obtains deep fat gas and hot half cinder;

3) the deep fat pneumatic transmission obtained in previous step is entered to condenser, separation obtains oil, water is gentle; Heat half cinder obtained in previous step is sent into to roasting kiln, together with hot gas, burn, obtain hot gas and heat ash, part hot gas wherein enters a separator with part heat ash through threeway to be separated, separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash, a part of newly separating the heat ash obtain is entered in mixing tank as thermal barrier, from separator hot gas out and remaining heat ash with from roasting kiln out and its waste hot air of exporting through threeway together with hot ash, enter No. two separators and separated;

4) separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separators, the heat ash obtained is carried out to heat exchange with the water of extraneous input is gentle in the grey air heat exchanger of heat, obtain hot gas, hot water and lime-ash, part the hot gas obtained from heat exchange is used to roasting kiln, together with its waste hot air obtained from heat exchange and hot water, its waste hot air of obtaining from No. two separators, for the boiler heating, obtain steam and hot gas.

The hot gas obtained in said heating boiler is delivered to dryer.

Dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention has following technique effect:

1) present technique can be processed the small-particle raw material, reduces the wasting of resources, and resource utilization is high;

2) take full advantage of that in raw material half cinder, the fixed carbon heat output is to the system heat supply, system thermal efficiency is high;

3) the Pyrolysis Char slag, after burn processing, not containing oil content and fixed carbon, can be used as raw material for cement, Production of Ceramics etc. in lime-ash, or direct emission treatment, and pollution-free problem produces, energy-conserving and environment-protective;

4) separate thoroughly, the whole destructive distillation of the oil content contained in raw material out can be become to oil, steam, water and ash;

5) system device complete independently oven dry, mixing, destructive distillation, burning, oil gas condensation and heat recovery and utilization function, whole distillation process system is controlled simple, is easy to control.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is oil shale retort artwork of the present invention.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention, comprise the steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material (10 ℃, 1000kg), send into drying machine drying, in dryer, have hot gas from boiler (403 ℃, 560kg), the product separation after oven dry become waste gas (130 ℃, 585kg) and resinous shale (110 ℃, 975kg);

2) by (110 ℃, the resinous shale that obtains, 975kg) and (800 ℃ of thermal barrier, 1573kg) after mixing tank mixes, enter gas retort and carry out dry distillation reactor, the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separate and obtain (480 ℃, deep fat gas, 124kg) and hot half cinder (480 ℃, 2424kg);

3) the deep fat pneumatic transmission obtained in previous step is entered to condenser, separate and obtain oil (50 ℃, 65kg), water (20 ℃, 21kg) gentle (20 ℃, 38kg), heat half cinder obtained in previous step is sent into to roasting kiln, with (400 ℃ of hot gas, 398kg) burning together, obtain hot gas and the heat ash (amounting to 2822kg) of 800 ℃, part hot gas wherein enters a separator with part heat ash (amounting to 1881kg) through threeway to be separated, separate and obtain the new hot gas of 800 ℃ and heat ash, a part (amounting to 1573kg) of newly separating the heat ash obtained is sent in mixing tank as thermal barrier, from separator hot gas out and remaining heat ash (adding up to 308kg) with from roasting kiln out and through together with its waste hot air and heat grey (total 941kg) of threeway output, the hot gas and the heat ash that amount to 1249kg, sending into No. two separators is separated,

4) separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separators, by (795 ℃ of the heat that obtains ashes, 782kg) with (104 ℃, the extraneous water of inputting, 235kg) gentle (80 ℃, 1501kg) in the grey air heat exchanger of heat, carry out heat exchange, obtain (400 ℃ of hot gas, 1501kg), (180 ℃ of hot water, 235kg) and (90 ℃ of lime-ash, 782kg), part (1408kg) the hot gas obtained from heat exchange is transported to roasting kiln, wherein there is 398kg hot gas to be used to roasting kiln, its waste hot air (93kg) obtained from heat exchange and hot water (235kg), hot gas (the 467kg obtained from No. two separators, 800 ℃) together, for the boiler heating, obtain (510 ℃ of steam, 235kg) and (403 ℃ of hot gas, 560kg), the hot gas obtained is delivered to dryer and uses.

Claims

1. a dry distillation method of oil shale, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material, send into drying machine drying, the hot gas of 403 ℃ from boiler is arranged in dryer, the product separation after oven dry becomes the waste gas of 130 ℃ and the resinous shale of 110 ℃;

The resinous shale of 110 ℃ that 2) will obtain and the thermal barrier of 800 ℃ enter gas retort and carry out dry distillation reactor after mixing tank mixes, and the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separate the deep fat gas and hot half cinder that obtain 480 ℃;

3) the deep fat pneumatic transmission obtained in previous step is entered to condenser, separate and obtain the oil of 50 ℃, the water of 20 ℃ and the gas of 20 ℃; Heat half cinder obtained in previous step is sent into to roasting kiln, with together with the hot gas of 400 ℃, burn, obtain 800 ℃ of hot gas and heat ash, part hot gas wherein enters a separator with part heat ash through threeway to be separated, separate and obtain new 800 ℃ of hot gas and hot ash, a part of newly separating the heat ash obtained is entered in mixing tank as thermal barrier, from separator hot gas out and remaining heat ash with from roasting kiln out and through its waste hot air of threeway output together with hot ash, enter No. two separators and separated;

4) separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separators, 795 ℃ of heat ashes that obtain are carried out to heat exchange with the water of 104 ℃ of extraneous input and the gas of 80 ℃ in the grey air heat exchanger of heat, obtain 400 ℃ of hot gas, 180 ℃ of hot water and 90 ℃ of lime-ash, part the hot gas obtained from heat exchange is used to roasting kiln, together with its waste hot air obtained from heat exchange and hot water, 800 ℃ of its waste hot airs obtaining from No. two separators, for the boiler heating, obtain 510 ℃ of steam and 403 ℃ of hot gas.