CN102776010A - Oil shale destructive distillation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an oil shale destructive distillation method. The oil shale destructive distillation method comprises the following steps of (1) feeding oil shale raw materials into a drying machine to be dried, separating dried products into waste gas and oil shale; (2) mixing obtained oil shale and a heat carrier in a mixer, feeding a mixture into a destructive distillation furnace to perform destructive distillation reaction, and using a high-temperature dust collector to perform dedusting separation to a destructive distillation product to obtain hot oil gas and hot semi-coked slag. The oil shale destructive distillation method has the advantages that granule materials can be processed, resource wasting is reduced, the resource utilization rate is high, fixed carbon burning heat in raw material semi-coked slag is fully utilized to supply heat for a system, the heat efficiency of the system is high, as residues does not contain oil and fixed carbon and can serve as a raw material for cement, ceramic production and the like or can be directly discharged after the destructive distillation semi-coked slag is subjected to burning treatment, no pollution is caused, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the separation is thorough.

Description

A kind of dry distillation method of oil shale

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of dry distillation method of oil shale, belong to the petrochemical technology field.

Background technology

China's resinous shale is amounted to crude oil reserve and is reached 47,000,000,000 tons; Average oil length is more than 6%; Ash content is greater than 40%, and the resinous shale lime-ash belongs to the non-plastic raw material of the similar volcano grey matter that contains a small amount of carbon residue, and certain granularity is arranged; Major ingredient is SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, CaO etc., also contains trace heavy metal elements such as cadmium, chromium, lead.Residue such as untimely processing are through water source, soil and the biology around rainwater leaching or the diffusion back severe contamination, harm residents ' health.Maximum Estonia of oil shale resources in the world, the waste residue stores surpasses 8,000,000,000 tons, and forest is destroyed by sheet as a result, groundwater table decreasing, air, river and lake all receive severe contamination; The shale lime-ash also becomes the most serious ecological environment problem of Guangdong Maoming City at home.Can the therefore residue utilization of dissolving will be to put forward the key that can oily engineering be implemented.

Present domestic resinous shale oil extracting process is main with the vertical heater distillation process still, and the vertical heater structure is a vertical channel fixed bed indirect heating, belongs to the gaseous heat-carrier method.Mainly there is following weak point in this method: device structure is simple, goes into operation easily; Because fine powder can stop up the space in vertical particle layers, influences thermal conduction, so vertical distillation process must be with raw material crushing screening, wherein＜and the 10mm fine particle picks out as mine tailing, and resource utilization only has 75%, and contaminate environment; Because ventilation property is poor in the body of heater special construction, stove, oil gas is difficult for overflowing, the feed distribution lack of homogeneity, and effectively oil extracting rate has only 50%; Carry oil and slag tap and use water-lute, consume water resources, 1 ton of oil of every production discharges 16 tons of slags (containing the shale fine particle that can't handle) approximately, needs 4 tons of water-lutes to handle, and handles back wet slag contaminate environment, is difficult to comprehensive utilization, and heat utilization efficiency is low; Single stove processing power is low, and general vertical gas retort is handled 100 tons of shale raw materials every day.

External aspect, Canadian ATP distillation process belongs to solid heat carrier method, is made up of a horizontal revolving kiln, and two concentric drums, inner core are used for the preheating and the destructive distillation of resinous shale, and the semicoke slag burning of generation is passed to the shale in the inner core along the urceolus countercurrent flow with heat; The female pyrolysis of oil becomes the hydrocarbon gas, comes out of the stove through pipeline, gets into gas recovery system for oil.This distillation process resource utilization is high, and tar productivity is high, and thermo-efficiency is high, but also exists the dry distillation area temperature higher, and the part oil product changes into splitting gas, and calorific value is low slightly, and accumulating is difficult slightly, and the proper value of gas also is restricted; Simultaneously because processes such as whole oven dry, destructive distillation, burning are all accomplished in single device, and device structure is complicated, temperature, pressure-controlling difficulty are big.The Jia Luojie of FSU horizontal tilt rotary dry distillation stove is close with ATP stove principle, but production capacity is lower.PETROSIX gas retort, the Estonian GALOTER gas retort of Brazil, the special stove of base committee of the FSU, ultimate principle is identical with domestic vertical heater.High temperature fluidized bed destructive distillation and ICP original place transform retorting technique and all do not get into industrial production, are difficult to comparison.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the weak point of prior art, a kind of dry distillation method of oil shale is provided.

Dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material, send into drying machine drying, the product after the oven dry separates into waste gas and resinous shale;

2) resinous shale that obtains and thermal barrier are got into gas retort after mixer mixing and carry out dry distillation reactor, the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separates obtaining deep fat gas and hot semicoke slag;

3) will go up the deep fat pneumatic transmission that obtains in the step and go into condensing surface, separation obtains oil, water is gentle; The hot semicoke slag that obtained in the last step is sent into roasting kiln; Burn with hot gas, obtain hot gas and heat ash, part hot gas wherein gets into a separator with the portion of hot ash through threeway to be separated; Separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash; A part of newly separating the heat ash obtain is got in the mixing tank as thermal barrier, and the hot gas that comes out from separator and remaining heat ash are with coming out from roasting kiln and through its waste hot air and the hot ash of threeway output, getting into No. two separators and separate;

4) obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separator separates; The heat ash that obtains is carried out heat exchange with the water of extraneous input is gentle in the grey air heat exchanger of heat; Obtain hot gas, hot water and lime-ash, the part from the hot gas that heat exchange obtains is used to roasting kiln, its waste hot air that its waste hot air that obtains from heat exchange obtains with hot water, from No. two separators; Be used for the boiler heating, obtain steam and hot gas.

The hot gas that obtains in the said heating boiler is delivered to dryer.

Dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention has following technique effect:

1) present technique can be handled the small-particle raw material, reduces the wasting of resources, and resource utilization is high;

2) made full use of in the raw material semicoke slag fixed carbon heat output to system's heat supply, system thermal efficiency is high;

3) destructive distillation semicoke slag does not contain oil content and fixed carbon through after the burn processing in the lime-ash, and can be used as raw material and be used for cement, Production of Ceramics etc., or direct emission treatment, pollution-free problem produces, energy-conserving and environment-protective;

4) separate thoroughly, can the whole destructive distillation of the oil content that contain in the raw material be come out to become oil, steam, water and ash;

5) system device is independently accomplished oven dry, mixing, destructive distillation, burning, oil gas condensation and heat recovery and utilization function, and the control of whole distillation process system is simple, is easy to control.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an oil shale retort artwork of the present invention.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, dry distillation method of oil shale of the present invention comprises the steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material (10 ℃, 1000kg), send into drying machine drying, have in the dryer hot gas from boiler (403 ℃, 560kg), the product after the oven dry separate into waste gas (130 ℃, 585kg) and resinous shale (110 ℃, 975kg);

2) with (110 ℃ in the resinous shale that obtains; 975kg) and (800 ℃ of thermal barrier; 1573kg) after mixer mixing, get into gas retort and carry out dry distillation reactor, the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separates to obtain (480 ℃ in deep fat gas; 124kg) with hot semicoke slag (480 ℃, 2424kg);

3) will go up the deep fat pneumatic transmission that obtains in the step and go into condensing surface, separate obtaining oil (50 ℃, 65kg), water (20 ℃, 21kg) gentle (20 ℃, 38kg); The hot semicoke slag that obtained in the last step is sent into roasting kiln; With (400 ℃ of hot gas; 398kg) burning together; Obtain 800 ℃ hot gas and heat ash (amounting to 2822kg), part hot gas wherein gets into a separator with portion of hot ash (amounting to 1881kg) through threeway to be separated, and separates obtaining 800 ℃ new hot gas and heat ash; A part (amounting to 1573kg) of newly separating the heat ash that obtains is sent in the mixing tank as thermal barrier; The hot gas that comes out from separator and remaining heat ash (adding up to 308kg) are with coming out from roasting kiln and through its waste hot air and heat ash (adding up to 941kg) of threeway output, the hot gas that amounts to 1249kg is grey with heat, sends into No. two separators and separates;

4) obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separator separates, with the heat ash that obtains (795 ℃, 782kg) with (104 ℃ in the water of extraneous input; 235kg) gentle (80 ℃, 1501kg) in the grey air heat exchanger of heat, carry out heat exchange, obtain (400 ℃ of hot gas; 1501kg), hot water (180 ℃, 235kg) and lime-ash (90 ℃, 782kg); Part (1408kg) from the hot gas that heat exchange obtains is transported to roasting kiln, wherein has 398kg hot gas to be used to roasting kiln, its waste hot air (93kg) that obtains from heat exchange and hot water (235kg), the hot gas (467kg that obtains from No. two separators; 800 ℃) together, be used for the boiler heating, obtain (510 ℃ of steam; 235kg) and hot gas (403 ℃, 560kg), the hot gas that obtains is delivered to dryer and uses.

Claims (2)

1. a dry distillation method of oil shale is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) get the resinous shale raw material, send into drying machine drying, the product after the oven dry separates into waste gas and resinous shale;

2) resinous shale that obtains and thermal barrier are got into gas retort after mixer mixing and carry out dry distillation reactor, the destructive distillation product carries out the dedusting separating treatment through the high temperature dust-precipitator, separates obtaining deep fat gas and hot semicoke slag;

3) will go up the deep fat pneumatic transmission that obtains in the step and go into condensing surface, separation obtains oil, water is gentle; The hot semicoke slag that obtained in the last step is sent into roasting kiln; Burn with hot gas, obtain hot gas and heat ash, part hot gas wherein gets into a separator with the portion of hot ash through threeway to be separated; Separate and obtain new hot gas and heat ash; A part of newly separating the heat ash obtain is got in the mixing tank as thermal barrier, and the hot gas that comes out from separator and remaining heat ash are with coming out from roasting kiln and through its waste hot air and the hot ash of threeway output, getting into No. two separators and separate;

4) obtain new hot gas and heat ash through No. two separator separates; The heat ash that obtains is carried out heat exchange with the water of extraneous input is gentle in the grey air heat exchanger of heat; Obtain hot gas, hot water and lime-ash, the part from the hot gas that heat exchange obtains is used to roasting kiln, its waste hot air that its waste hot air that obtains from heat exchange obtains with hot water, from No. two separators; Be used for the boiler heating, obtain steam and hot gas.

2. dry distillation method of oil shale according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hot gas that obtains in the said heating boiler is delivered to dryer.