CN102772206B - Magnetic resonance imaging method - Google Patents

Magnetic resonance imaging method Download PDF

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CN102772206B
CN102772206B CN201110121986.4A CN201110121986A CN102772206B CN 102772206 B CN102772206 B CN 102772206B CN 201110121986 A CN201110121986 A CN 201110121986A CN 102772206 B CN102772206 B CN 102772206B
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fat suppression
time
imaging
suppression effect
fat
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CN102772206A (en
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张强
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Shenzhen Union Medical Technology Co., Ltd.
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Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a magnetic resonance imaging method for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging based on a three-dimensional pulse sequence of fast low angle shot FLASH. The method comprises the steps of: applying a FLASH imaging pulse sequence to an objected to be examined in a static magnetic field, wherein the FLASH imaging pulse sequence comprises radio frequency shot pulses a and fat inhibiting pulses b, and N radio frequency shot pulses a are comprised between two adjacent fat inhibiting pulses b; adjusting a fat inhibiting flip angle b with certain time of inversion T1 and time of scan delay TD to obtain the optimal fat inhibiting effect; and adjusting the time of inversion T1 and/or the time of scan delay TD to obtain the optimal fat inhibiting effect in a condition that the optimal fat inhibiting effect cannot be obtained by adjusting the fat inhibiting flip angle b. Compared with the prior art, the magnetic resonance imaging method provided by the invention has the advantages of good fat inhibiting effect and high imaging quality.

Description

MR imaging method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mr imaging technique, particularly a kind of MR imaging method that suppresses fatty tissue signal by applying fat suppression pulse.
Background technology
Nuclear magnetic resonance (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI) be a kind of like this technology: by the inspected object in static magnetic field, apply gradient magnetic and RF ripple, and from being examined magnetic resonance (Magnetic Resonance, the MR) signal of region proton emission, carry out the reconstruct structural images corresponding with inspected object to the mode that gives echo.
Imaging by this technology for inside of human body structure, just produces a kind of revolutionary medical diagnostic tool.The application of fast-changing gradient magnetic, has accelerated the speed of NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)-imaging greatly, and this technology is become a reality in the application of clinical diagnosis, scientific research, has greatly promoted developing rapidly of medical science, neuro physiology and cognitive neuroscience.
For example, in nuclear magnetic resonance, conventionally use a kind of three-dimensional pulse train based on fast low angle shot (Fast Low Angle Shot, FLASH) to carry out the dynamic Enhanced Imaging of abdominal part.In common FLASH sequence application; the signal of fat is higher; often pathological tissues can be hidden; be unfavorable for diagnosis; in addition; precession frequency different (precession frequency of water proton is slightly faster than fat proton) due to body fat mass in human body and hydrogen proton in water, so easily causes chemical shift artifact, affects nuclear magnetic resonance quality.Therefore, conventionally require fatty tissue signal to suppress, so that better lesions showed position.The method that suppresses fatty tissue signal normally applies radio frequency (RF) pulse of fatty frequency selectivity before FLASH imaging pulse sequence module, fat is energized into transverse plane, then apply and destroy gradient to being turned to the fatty tissue signal of the transverse plane phase of fall apart, in ensuing FLASH signals collecting, just do not comprised fatty tissue signal (as shown in Figure 1) like this.But, on the other hand, in actual applications, in order to improve image taking speed, after applying a fat suppression pulse, meeting is FLASH signals collecting repeatedly, due to the constantly relaxation recovery in this process of fatty tissue signal, cause still comprising fatty tissue signal in the signal of subsequent acquisition, do not reach the object of fat suppression.
Fig. 2 has shown the FLASH imaging pulse sequence schematic diagram with quick fat suppression.In order to suppress fatty tissue signal, in Fig. 2, the fat suppression flip angle β of fat suppression pulse need to be set accurately, reversing time TI (Time of Inversion) and delayed sweep time T D (Time of Scan Delay), thus make fatty longitudinal magnetization intensity as far as possible little (the best is zero).Existing technology mainly arranges these values by two kinds of methods: 1, use experience value arranges fat suppression flip angle β, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D, but the method only arranges effectively the sequence of particular range.2, use the condition of Bloch equation and some simplification supposition, derive computing formula, the method only has approximate formula to some special case situations.In a word, above-mentioned two kinds of method conditions are higher, at some special clinical parameters, lower can inefficacy is set, and can not realize on the other hand some special sequence settings, such as when using adiabatic pulse to do fat suppression pulse, the position (being simultaneously the position of fat signal zero crossing) that can not arbitrarily set k space center, can only be set in first α pulse, and fat suppression effect is not good.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of MR imaging method, be used for solving existing fatty tissue signal suppressing poor effect, cause produced imaging of tissue of poor quality, can not meet the problem to the requirement of histoorgan resolution and location in therapeutic process completely.
The present invention also provides a kind of MR imaging method of carrying out dynamic Enhanced Imaging based on the three-dimensional pulse train of FLASH on the other hand, comprise: to the inspected object in static magnetic field, apply FLASH imaging pulse sequence, described FLASH imaging pulse sequence comprises radio frequency excitation pulse α and fat suppression pulse β, wherein, between adjacent two fat suppression pulse β, comprise N the radio frequency excitation pulse α applying continuously; At reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D, certain in the situation that, adjust fat suppression flip angle β, obtain best fat suppression effect; In the situation that cannot obtain best fat suppression effect by adjusting fat suppression flip angle β, adjust reversing time TI and/or delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect.
Alternatively, described reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D necessarily comprise: reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D are set to the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence.
Alternatively, the step of described adjustment reversing time TI and/or delayed sweep time T D comprises: adjust reversing time TI, obtain best fat suppression effect; In the situation that cannot obtain best fat suppression effect by adjusting reversing time TI, adjust delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect.
Alternatively, described adjustment reversing time TI be take and obtained best fat suppression effect and comprise: it is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle β is set, and it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that delayed sweep time T D is set; Adjust reversing time TI, obtain best fat suppression effect.
Alternatively, described adjustment delayed sweep time T D be take and obtained best fat suppression effect and comprise: it is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle β is set, and it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that reversing time TI is set; Adjust delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect.
Alternatively, obtain best fat suppression effect and comprise: the signal imitation of FLASH imaging pulse sequence reaches steady statue, the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fatty tissue signal recovers zero crossing.
Compared to prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1), based on FLASH imaging pulse sequence, realized fat suppression method fast, meet the requirement of clinical middle dynamic imaging;
2) according to Bloch equation, obtain the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fatty tissue signal, the method of recycling magnetic resonance signal simulation obtains best fat suppression parameter (fat suppression flip angle β, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D) setting, compared with prior art, more meet signal real process, do not need hypothesis and approximate, so result more accurately and reliably, and can realize the optional position of k space center in N α;
3), k locus arranges flexibly, can reduce image artifacts, improves image quality;
4) signal imitation completed before FLASH imaging pulse sequence operation, did not take FLASH imaging pulse sequence running time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is common FLASH imaging pulse sequence schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the FLASH imaging pulse sequence schematic diagram with quick fat suppression;
Fig. 3 is MR imaging method of the present invention schematic flow sheet in one embodiment;
Fig. 4 be in Fig. 3 step S12 at the schematic flow sheet of the specific embodiment;
Fig. 5 be in Fig. 3 step S14 at the schematic flow sheet of the specific embodiment;
Fig. 6 be in Fig. 3 step S16 at the schematic flow sheet of the specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment
As aforementioned, in background technology, say: Fig. 1 is common FLASH imaging pulse sequence schematic diagram, by the inspected object in static magnetic field, apply radio frequency pulse signal and gradient pulse (comprising chip select gradient, phase encoding gradient and readout gradient), and from being examined magnetic resonance (Magnetic Resonance, the MR) signal of region proton emission, rebuild the tissue image corresponding with inspected object to the mode that gives echo-signal collection.In common FLASH sequence application, the signal of fat is higher, often pathological tissues can be hidden, and is unfavorable for diagnosis; In addition, the precession frequency different (precession frequency of water proton is slightly faster than fat proton) due to body fat mass in human body and hydrogen proton in water, so easily causes chemical shift artifact, affects nuclear magnetic resonance quality.Therefore, conventionally require fatty tissue signal to suppress, so that better lesions showed position.Fig. 2 is the FLASH imaging pulse sequence schematic diagram with quick fat suppression, as shown in Figure 2, suppress the method for fatty tissue signal normally at the front radio-frequency pulse (fat suppression pulse β) that applies fatty frequency selectivity of FLASH imaging pulse sequence module (continuous a plurality of radio frequency excitation pulse α), fat is energized into transverse plane, then apply and destroy gradient to being turned to the fatty tissue signal of the transverse plane phase of fall apart, in ensuing FLASH signals collecting, just do not comprised fatty tissue signal like this.But, on the other hand, in actual applications, in order to improve image taking speed, after applying a fat suppression pulse, meeting is FLASH signals collecting repeatedly, due to the constantly relaxation recovery in this process of fatty tissue signal, cause still comprising fatty tissue signal in the signal of subsequent acquisition, do not reach the object of fat suppression.
In view of prior art, there are the following problems: in the fatty tissue signal suppressing of existing FLASH imaging pulse sequence use experience, suppose that being similar to derive fat suppression parameter (fat suppression flip angle β, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D) causes parameter that inaccuracy is set, fatty tissue signal suppressing poor effect also affects the problem of image quality.Therefore, the present inventor improves prior art, the magnetic resonance method that a kind of method of utilizing magnetic resonance signal to simulate obtains best fat suppression parameter has been proposed, so, can accurately suppress fatty tissue signal, obtain best fat suppression effect, and promote nuclear magnetic resonance quality, meet the requirement of clinical practice.
The invention provides a kind of MR imaging method, it is mainly, according to Bloch equation, obtain the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fatty tissue signal, the method of recycling magnetic resonance signal simulation is adjusted one or more in fat suppression flip angle β, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D, thereby obtains best fat suppression parameter setting.
Below will to MR imaging method provided by the present invention, be elaborated by specific embodiment.
The three-dimensional order spike train that mr imaging technique described in the present invention can be applied to based on FLASH carries out the dynamic Enhanced Imaging of abdominal part, use abdomen organ's tissue is observed or diagnosed, but not as limit, in fact, the present invention also can be applied to the diagnosis of histoorgan in other positions, in this explanation no longer one by one.
Fig. 3 is MR imaging method of the present invention schematic flow sheet in one embodiment.As shown in Figure 3, described MR imaging method comprises the steps:
Step S10, applies FLASH imaging pulse sequence to the inspected object in static magnetic field; Fat suppression flip angle β
Step S12, certain in the situation that, adjusts fat suppression flip angle β at reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D, to find, can realize the fat suppression flip angle β of fat suppression effect preferably time;
Judge whether to find the fat suppression flip angle β that can obtain best fat suppression effect.If find suitable fat suppression flip angle β, finish; Otherwise, if do not find suitable fat suppression flip angle β, proceed to step S14;
Step S14, certain in the situation that, adjusts reversing time TI at fat suppression flip angle β and delayed sweep time T D, to find, can realize the reversing time TI of fat suppression effect preferably time;
Judge whether to find the reversing time TI that can obtain best fat suppression effect.If find suitable reversing time TI, finish; Otherwise, if do not find suitable reversing time TI, proceed to step S16;
Step S16, certain in the situation that, adjusts delayed sweep time T D at fat suppression flip angle β and reversing time TI, to find, can realize the delayed sweep time T D of fat suppression effect preferably time;
Judge whether to find the delayed sweep time T D that can obtain best fat suppression effect.If find suitable delayed sweep time T D, finish; Otherwise, if do not find suitable delayed sweep time T D, report an error, and finish.
Below above-mentioned each step is described in detail.
First perform step S10, to the inspected object in static magnetic field, apply FLASH imaging pulse sequence.In described step, as shown in Figure 2, described FLASH imaging pulse sequence comprises radio frequency excitation pulse α and fat suppression pulse β, wherein, between adjacent two fat suppression pulse β, comprise N the radio frequency excitation pulse α applying continuously, described continuous N radio frequency excitation pulse α forms FLASH imaging pulse sequence module.
From applying fat suppression pulse β, then apply continuously N radio frequency excitation pulse α,
To apply fat suppression pulse β next time, in this process, the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fat can be described by one group of Bloch equation below.
M β(0)=M 0
M α ( 0 ) = M 0 ( 1 - e - TI T 1 ) + M β ( m ) · cos ( β ) · e - TI T 1
M α ( n ) = M 0 ( 1 - e - TR T 1 ) + M α ( n - 1 ) · cos ( α ) · e - TR T 1
M β ( m + 1 ) = M 0 ( 1 - e - TD T 1 ) + M α ( N ) · cos ( α ) · e - TD T 1
M 0for initial fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector; M βand M αbe respectively fat suppression pulse β and radio frequency excitation pulse α and apply the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of front fat; M β(m) be the longitudinal magnetization strength vector that applies the front fat of fat suppression pulse β for the m time; M α(n) be the magnetization intensity vector fatty before radio frequency excitation pulse α that applies for the n time in N α excitation pulse; T1 is fatty longitudinal relaxation time, and TI is reversing time, and TR is the repetition time of radio frequency excitation pulse α; TD is the delayed sweep time.
In pulse train design, specifying the signal gathering after N Kc radio frequency excitation pulse α in continuous radio frequency excitation pulse α is k space center signal (the arbitrary value in Kc value 1~N, particular user can be set).In order to obtain desirable fat suppression effect, require the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fat fat when Kc α excitation pulse to recover zero crossing (as shown in Figure 2) like this.
This method, according to the setting of actual sequence, is utilized Bloch equation, by attempting possible fat suppression flip angle β, and TI and TD time, search the value of one group of the best, make fat repressed best.
Then perform step S12, at reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D certain in the situation that, adjust fat suppression flip angle β, to find, can realize fat suppression effect fat suppression flip angle β of (fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector recovers zero crossing) preferably time.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 4, above-mentioned steps S12 more can be refined as a plurality of sub-steps.Specific as follows: step S120, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D are set to the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence; Step S122, adjusts fat suppression flip angle β, obtains the fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector corresponding with angle of twist β; Until signal imitation reaches steady statue; S124, judges whether fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector recovers zero crossing in Kc position, if recover zero crossing, finishes; Otherwise, if not at zero point, continue step S126; Step S126, judges whether to attempt all probable values of fat suppression flip angle β, if all fat suppression flip angle β tried, finishes; If otherwise also have other fat suppression flip angles β, go to step S122 and continue to adjust.It should be noted that, here, the implication of " recovery zero crossing " is: magnetization intensity vector returns to zero point, and its value is zero; " not at zero point ", implication comprised: " magnetization intensity vector does not also reach zero point " or " magnetization intensity vector has surpassed zero point ".
If do not find suitable fat suppression flip angle β so that signal imitation is while reaching steady statue, the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fat not at zero point, then performs step S14 in Kc position.
Step S14, certain in the situation that, adjusts reversing time TI at fat suppression flip angle β and delayed sweep time T D, to find, can realize fat suppression effect reversing time TI of (fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector recovers zero crossing) preferably time.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 5, above-mentioned steps S14 more can be refined as a plurality of sub-steps.Specific as follows: step S140, it is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle β is set, it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that delayed sweep time T D is set; In the present embodiment, described fat suppression flip angle β is fixed value, and concrete example is as being 180 degree.
Step S142, adjusts reversing time TI, obtains the fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector corresponding with angle of twist β; Until signal imitation reaches steady statue; Step S144, judge fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector in Kc position zero crossing whether, if recover zero crossing, finish; Otherwise, if not at zero point, continue step S146; Step S146, judges whether to attempt all probable values of reversing time TI, if all reversing time TI tried, finishes; If otherwise also have other reversing times TI, go to step S142 and continue to adjust.
If do not find suitable reversing time TI so that signal imitation is while reaching steady statue, the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fat not at zero point, then performs step S16 in Kc position.
Step S16, certain in the situation that, adjusts delayed sweep time T D at fat suppression flip angle β and reversing time TI, to find, can realize the delayed sweep time T D of fat suppression effect preferably time.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 6, above-mentioned steps S16 more can be refined as a plurality of sub-steps.Specific as follows: step S160, it is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle β is set, it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that reversing time TI is set; In the present embodiment, described fat suppression flip angle β is fixed value, and concrete example is as being 180 degree.
Step S162, adjusts delayed sweep time T D, obtains the fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector corresponding with angle of twist β; Until signal imitation reaches steady statue; Step S164, judge fatty longitudinal magnetization strength vector in Kc position zero crossing whether, if recover zero crossing, finish; Otherwise, if not at zero point, continue step S166; Step S166, judges whether to attempt all probable values of overscanning TD time delay, if all delayed sweep time T D tried, finishes; If otherwise also have other delayed sweep time T D, go to step S162 and continue to adjust.
If do not find suitable delayed sweep time T D so that signal imitation is while reaching steady statue, the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fat, reports an error not at zero point in Kc position, and finishes.
Pass through above-mentioned steps, utilize Bloch equation, magnetic resonance signal is carried out to analog computation, after several times (being generally 10 times to 50 times) fat suppression pulse β and N radio frequency excitation pulse α, signal reaches steady statue, if this time, the fatty magnetization intensity vector in Kc position was zero, the effect of fat suppression is best so.
In sum, MR imaging method tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1), based on FLASH imaging pulse sequence, realized fat suppression method fast, meet the requirement of clinical middle dynamic imaging;
2) according to Bloch equation, obtain the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fatty tissue signal, the method of recycling magnetic resonance signal simulation obtains best fat suppression parameter (fat suppression flip angle β, reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D) setting, compared with prior art, more meet signal real process, do not need hypothesis and approximate, so result more accurately and reliably, and can realize the optional position of k space center in N α;
3), k locus arranges flexibly, can reduce image artifacts, improves image quality;
4) signal imitation completed before FLASH imaging pulse sequence operation, did not take FLASH imaging pulse sequence running time.
Above-described embodiment just lists expressivity principle of the present invention and effect is described, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art person all can without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modify to above-described embodiment.Therefore, the scope of the present invention, should be as listed in claims.

Claims (5)

1. a MR imaging method, the three-dimensional pulse train based on fast low angle shot FLASH is carried out dynamic Enhanced Imaging, it is characterized in that, and described MR imaging method comprises:
To the inspected object in static magnetic field, apply FLASH imaging pulse sequence, described FLASH imaging pulse sequence comprises radio frequency excitation pulse α and fat suppression pulse β, wherein, between adjacent two fat suppression pulse β, comprise N the radio frequency excitation pulse α applying continuously;
At reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D, certain in the situation that, adjust fat suppression flip angle, obtain best fat suppression effect;
In the situation that cannot obtain best fat suppression effect by adjusting fat suppression flip angle, adjust reversing time TI and/or delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect, the fat suppression effect of described the best comprises: the signal imitation of FLASH imaging pulse sequence reaches steady statue, and the longitudinal magnetization strength vector of fatty tissue signal recovers zero crossing.
2. MR imaging method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D necessarily comprise: reversing time TI and delayed sweep time T D are set to the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence.
3. MR imaging method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of described adjustment reversing time TI and/or delayed sweep time T D comprises:
Adjust reversing time TI, obtain best fat suppression effect;
In the situation that cannot obtain best fat suppression effect by adjusting reversing time TI, adjust delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect.
4. MR imaging method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described adjustment reversing time TI comprises to obtain best fat suppression effect:
It is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle is set, and it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that delayed sweep time T D is set;
Adjust reversing time TI, obtain best fat suppression effect.
5. MR imaging method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described adjustment delayed sweep time T D comprises to obtain best fat suppression effect:
It is fixed value that fat suppression flip angle is set, and it is the minima allowing in described FLASH imaging pulse sequence that reversing time TI is set;
Adjust delayed sweep time T D, obtain best fat suppression effect.
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