CN102766729A - Low phosphor control method for high-speed axle steel - Google Patents
Low phosphor control method for high-speed axle steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low phosphor control method for high-speed axle steel. The low phosphor control method for high-speed axle steel sequentially includes the steps of I, pretreating molten iron which contains no larger than 0.105% of P and no larger than 0.050% of S; II, electrosmelting, namely adding waste steel and pretreated molten iron into an electric furnace for smelting, and removing foaming slag during the whole process after a furnace hearth forms, and reserving steel and slag during tapping; III, LF (ladle furnace) refining, and performing bottom argon blowing during the whole LF refining, and using a slag system high in Al2O3 content and high in alkalinity of R(CaO/SiO2), 4.0-6.0, to slag and deoxidize; and IV, performing VD (vacuum degassing) process which requires vacuum degree no larger than 67Pa, breaking vacuum after more than 25 minutes of the VD process, and adding covering agent immediately, wherein weight ratio of the pretreated molten iron is not smaller than 70%, P in steel furnace waste is not larger than 0.035%, dephosphorization temperature of the furnace hearth is 1560-1580 DEG C, C in steel tapped from the electric furnace is not smaller than 0.08%, and P is not larger than 0.004%. The steel produced by the low phosphor control method for high-speed axle steel is applicable to high-speed motor train axles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the low-phosphorous control method of a kind of speed car axle-steel.
Background technology
Transportation by railroad is the main mode of communications and transportation, and China railways visitor, volume of freight traffic rank first in the world.After train running speed improved, not only the performance requriements to circuit improved, and the performance requriements of car body and each part is also put on the agenda.Current, one of major obstacle of restriction China Express Railway development is that axletree domestic material process lags behind, and undue dependence is external introduces technology and product, particularly the bullet train more than the speed per hour 250km/h is lacked tachnical storage with the axletree critical material.
High speed motor car is one of component that domesticize not yet at present with hole-bored axle from end to end, and it is high to the steel product quality requirement to make the motor-car axletree, requires purity of steel high; Require A, B, C, D type impurity all less than 1 grade, phosphorus is detrimental impurity in the steel, and phosphorus can significantly enlarge the two-phase region between liquid phase and the solid phase; At grain boundary segregation, make the local organization of steel unusual easily, cause steel " cold short "; Significantly reduce the low-temperature impact toughness and the temper brittleness of steel, cause mechanical property inhomogeneous; Phosphorus also can cause corrosion fatigue and weld cracking.Because the Electric furnace steel making dephosphorization adopts oxidation style technology, the electric furnace steel tapping temperature is high, and the dephosphorization temperature and time is difficult to control, and particularly middle and high carbon steel is difficult to realize effective dephosphorization.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned deficiency of the low-phosphorous control method that overcomes existing speed car axle-steel, the present invention provides a kind of phosphorus to be controlled to be not more than the low-phosphorous control method of a kind of speed car axle-steel of 0.006%.
Technical scheme of the present invention mainly is from the electrosmelting dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere, and refining, casting process prevent the method for phosphorization, rephosphorization, successfully produces low-phosphorous high speed motor car hole-bored axle from end to end and uses steel.
The low-phosphorous control method of this speed car axle-steel comprises following sequential steps:
IHot metal pretreatment
To contain P≤0.105%, S≤0.050%, temperature is that 1200 ℃～1400 ℃ molten iron carries out pre-treatment, hot metal pretreatment mainly is desiliconization, dephosphorization, desulfurization, reduces harmful element phosphorus, sulphur content in the molten iron.
IIElectrosmelting
Steel scrap and pretreated molten iron are added electrosmelting; Pretreated weight of molten iron ratio>=70%, the P in the steel scrap furnace charge≤0.035%, molten bath dephosphorization temperature is 1560-1580 ℃; Form back whole process in the molten bath and carry out foamy slag operation, foamy slag processing parameter: FeO:12-20%; Basicity: 2.0-2.5%; Thickness of slag layer: 300-500mm, electric furnace steel tapping [C]>=0.08%, [P]≤0.004%.Avoid rephosphorization in the LF refining process, stay steel during tapping, stay slag, promptly going out the quantity of slag is zero, (being slag free tapping).
IIIThe LF refinery practice
The omnidistance argon bottom-blowing of LF refining, adjustment argon bottom-blowing 0.4-0.8MPa; Adopt high Al
2O
3The high basicity R (CaO/SiO of content (15-30%)
2)=4.0～6.0 slag system carries out slag making, deoxidation, the adjustment chemical ingredients.
IV VD treatment technology
Vacuum tightness value≤67Pa, the hold-time, broken empty, (the insulating covering agent composition was mainly 25%CaO+30%SiO to add insulating covering agent immediately more than 25 minutes
2+ 15%Al
2O
3+ 20%MgO+5%C+2.5%TFe and other).
Cast: adopt and blow Ar gas shiled cast.
The low-phosphorous control method of this high speed motor car car axle-steel, its steps characteristic is:
The I hot metal pretreatment
During hot metal pretreatment, pass through winding-up FeO powder, CaO+CaF according to iron water amount
2Powder and oxygen advance
Pre-treatment is taken off in row desiliconization of hot metal, dephosphorization, desulfurization three.Through after the hot metal pretreatment, P in the molten iron≤0.070% S≤0.020%, temperature is 1250 ℃-1500 ℃.
IIElectrosmelting
After a steel scrap and preprocessed molten iron added electric furnace, oxygen blast of electric furnace required electric furnace oxygen air-blowing quantity 0.85 ± 0.1 m
3/ tmin, oxygen blast added fluorite, lime slag making materials after 5 minutes; Molten steel per ton adds lime 18.4 ± 2 Kg; Fluorite 7.3 ± 0.3 Kg, (principle is to utilize oxygen that elements such as the carbon in the molten iron, phosphorus are oxidized to certain content range fast, promptly further dephosphorization; And produce a large amount of chemical reaction heats, make the scrap melting of adding and make liquid steel temperature bring up to prescribed value.) oxygen blast 10-15 minute, the thermometric sampling, target value C:0.6-1.0%, carries out foamy slag operation (FeO:12-20% by T=1580-1600 ℃ after the molten bath forms; Basicity: 2.0-2.5%), total oxygen blow duration 25-35min.
B just refines [P]＞0.004% o'clock (promptly do not reach [P]≤0.004% o'clock), in time bleeds off the high first slag of phosphorus, and replenishes new slag, prevents the temperature back rephosphorization that raises, and carries out 1-2 slagging, changes slag operation.[C]>=0.08% in the control electric furnace steel tapping steel, [P]≤0.004%.Preceding 3 minutes of blow off oxygen; Forbid to add the lime slag charge, before the electric furnace steel tapping, to the iron alloy and Si-Al-Ba, Al piece, the CaO slag making materials that add with ladle be not less than 30 minutes baking; Then molten steel is poured in the ladle, molten steel carries out preliminary alloying in ladle.
Open the argon gas valve during c electric furnace steel tapping immediately, adjustment argon gas amount is 0.5-0.8MPa, and adjusts valve opening at any time, and the valve opening size is not as the criterion so that molten steel is exposed; Before advancing the LF station, the ton steel is fed aluminum steel 1.8-2.0Kg, taps entering LF station after having fed line.
IIIThe LF refinery practice
A moves on to the refining station to the ladle that molten steel is housed, and the LF refining process adopts high basicity
CaO-SiO
2-Al
2O
3Slag system, control slag basicity R (CaO/SiO
2)=4.0～6.0.Send electric 5-10 minute, when liquid steel temperature >=1540 ℃, the ton steel adds a 1-1.5Kg/t calcium carbide and carries out slag making, deoxidation.
The b high basicity slag keeps dipping in slag and being yellowish-white or white after 25 minutes, and color and luster is even, can take a sample and carry out composition analysis.
C selects low phosphor iron alloy adjustment chemical ingredients for use according to the composition analysis result.The result confirms add-on according to composition analysis, and Mn, Cr are by middle upper limit control, and all the other are controlled by lower limit, and (control with C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr and Mo in the German trade mark EA4T steel requires to be respectively like the high speed motor car axletree: C 0.22-0.29%; Si 0.15-0.40%; P≤0.010%; S≤0.007%; Mo 0.15-0.30%; Mn 0.50-0.80%; Cr 0.90-1.20%; ) composition reaches target component, temperature reaches 1660 ℃-1690 ℃, and the tapping that promptly has a power failure will be asked for slag specimen during tapping, observes that the bits section is white in color and chromaticness is even.
IVVD handles and placing
Molten steel kept below 67Pa 25-30 minute, carried out vacuum outgas.Behind the broken sky of VD, feeding Ca-Si line in molten steel, ton steel line feeding amount 2-4 rice decide hydrogen, soft stirring, thermometric, tapping, for preventing the decline of secondary oxidation of steel and temperature, in addition CaO, SiO during tapping
2, Al
2O
3, MgO is the composite covering agent of staple.
Ar gas shiled cast is blown in employing, and the stream steel stays steel before annotating behind the notes.Teeming temperature is 1560-1570 ℃; The average pouring speed of ingot body is: the 1st dish ingot body: 14-16 minute; The pouring speed 8-10 of cap mouth minute.The 2nd dish ingot body: 11-14 minute; The pouring speed of cap mouth was greater than 5 minutes.
Through above-mentioned processing, [P]≤60ppm in the molten steel.
The present invention takes the low-phosphorous measure of control from the molten iron smelting to the steel pouring process, reduces the phosphorus content in the steel, make in the steel phosphorus reach 0.006% or below, purify steel, improve the over-all properties of high speed motor car axletree, accelerate the production domesticization of high speed motor car axletree.Through adopting smelting of the present invention-refining control phosphorus method, can make ［ P ］≤6 * 10 in the steel
-6, non-metallic inclusion category-A, category-B, C class, D type impurity rank all are not more than 0.5 grade, and quality in kind reaches the metallurgical level of import axle steel.Be specially adapted to the high speed motor car axletree with EA4T (the German trade mark) steel.
Embodiment
Specify the embodiment of the dephosphorizing method of this speed car axle-steel below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
Present embodiment carries out on 60 tons of superpower electric furnaces, smelts steel grade for the high speed motor car axletree with the mass percent of its finished product composition of EA4T (the German trade mark) steel to be:
C0.22-0.29%； Si 0.15-0.40%； Mn 0.50-0.80%； P≤0.020%；
S≤0.015%; Cr 0.90-1.20%; Mo 0.15-0.30%; Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
The step of present embodiment is following:
IHot metal pretreatment
Hot metal composition P:0.090%, S:0.045%, molten iron temperature are 1356 ℃, pass through winding-up FeO powder, CaO+CaF according to 60 tons of molten iron
2Powder and oxygen carry out three and take off pre-treatment, treatment time 30min,
Molten iron temperature is 1260 ℃ after the pre-treatment, and the mass percent of hot metal composition is:
C:4.14% Si:0.43% P:0.057%, S:0.011%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element for surplus.
IIElectrosmelting
AAdd 15 tons of steel scraps in 60 tons of high-power electric furnaces the P:0.016% in the steel scrap, S:0.003%; Join 46 tons of pretreated molten iron in the same electric furnace again.
Electric furnace oxygen air-blowing quantity 0.85m is fluxed in the beginning oxygen blast after adding molten iron
3/ tmin, oxygen blast adds lime 1124 Kg, fluorite 468Kg after 5 minutes.Steel scrap and lime, rhombspar melt rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P.Utilize oxygen with the carbon in the molten iron, the quick oxidation of phosphorus, dephosphorisation reaction is the slag interface reaction, its net reaction: 2 [P]+5 (FeO)+4 (CaO)=(4CaOP
2O
5)+5 [Fe].After the oxygen blast 12 minutes, the thermometric sampling, molten steel temperature is 1592 ℃ when molten clear, and composition: C=0.76%, Si=0.01%, Mn=0.12%, P=0.011%, S=0.031%, Cr=0.060% are learned in molten Qinghua.Carbon and temperature have reached dephosphorization define objective value (C:0.6-1.0%, T=1580-1600 ℃), form back whole process in the molten bath and carry out foamy slag operation, foamy slag processing parameter: FeO:18%; Basicity: 2.4%; Thickness of slag layer: 430mm.Total oxygen blow duration 27min.
B sampling chemical analysis P=0.011%, refining does not just reach [P]≤0.004%, flows slag, adds lime 1000 Kg again; Fluorite 400Kg slag making, resampling after 10 minutes is surveyed P=0.004%; Adopt the electric furnace eccentric bottom tapping; Electric furnace steel tapping [C]: 0.10%, [P]: 0.004%, (electric furnace steel tapping [C]>=0.08%, [P]≤0.004%.) 1670 ℃ of tapping temperatures.Avoid rephosphorization in the LF refining process, preceding 3 minutes of blow off oxygen forbids to add the lime slag charge, stays steel during tapping, stays slag, carries out slag free tapping.Pour molten steel into and manganese metal 500kg, lime 300kg, fluorite 200Kg, synthetic slag 200kg, sial barium 200Kg, ferrochrome 780Kg, molybdenum-iron 280Kg are housed and have toasted in 33 minutes the ladle of ladle refining furnace; Molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in this ladle, add aluminum shot 70kg with steel stream.
Open the argon gas valve during c electric furnace steel tapping immediately, argon gas reaches 0.65MPa, looks molten steel stirs situation and adjusts valve opening at any time in the bag, is not as the criterion so that molten steel is exposed.Feed 150 meters of aluminum steels, fed line and got into the LF station.
Tapping is not descended oxidation sludge, is stayed steel; Electric furnace shakes 60 tons of steel amounts.
IIIThe LF refinery practice
aMoving on to the refining station with the ladle behind steel stream adding lime, fluorite, synthetic slag and the sial barium, add lime 300kg, a ton steel add-on reaches 6Kg, energising, the adjustment argon flow amount, pressure is controlled at 0.3MPa
A, sending electricity 7 minutes, liquid steel temperature is 1550 ℃, disposable adding calcium carbide 75Kg, measuring basicity of slag is 5.2, and slag is thick to be 70mm, forms high basicity slag, and high basicity slag slag color is a white.
High basicity slag keeps dipping in slag and being yellowish-white or white after 25 minutes, and color and luster is even, can take a sample and carry out composition analysis, and the mass percent of the composition of molten steel is:
C?
?0.18； Si 0.14； Mn 0.56； ?P 0.005； ?S 0.005； ?Cr 0.91； ?Mo 0.25；
Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
Further carry out trimming, adding carbon line 180 meters (14kg/100m), selecting phosphorus content for use is 0.035% low phosphor iron alloy adjustment chemical ingredients, adds ferrosilicon 70kg, silicomanganese 50kg, middle chromium 200kg and molybdenum-iron 90kg.Composition reaches target component, and when temperature was 1680 ℃, slag specimen was got in the tapping that has a power failure during tapping, observes that the bits section is white in color and chromaticness is even, and the mass percent that LF goes out steel constitution is:
C?
?0.26； Si 0.27； Mn 0.71； ?P?0.006； S?0.001；Cr 1.10；
Mo 0.22; Surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
IVThe VD treatment technology
Molten steel carries out vacuum outgas in 27 minutes following hold-times of 67Pa.Behind the broken sky of VD, feeding Ca-Si line in molten steel, 150 meters of line feeding amounts, it is 0.8ppm that hydrogen determinator decide hydrogen [H], blows the soft stirring of Ar 10 minutes, VD taps, in addition CaO, SiO during tapping
2, Al
2O
3, MgO is the composite covering agent of staple
260Kg.1549 ℃ of tapping temperatures.
VCast
Ar gas shiled cast is blown in employing, and the stream steel stays steel before annotating behind the notes, pours into a mould 8.4 tons of steel ingots.Control is annotated temperature and is annotated speed, temperature T=1560 ℃; Be the duration of pouring: ingot body 12 minutes 30 seconds, cap mouth 8 minutes.
Through above-mentioned processing, [P] is 60ppm in the molten steel.
The dephosphorization result
:
Dephosphorization operation oxidation period is carried out in this measure of employing, and the high speed motor car car axle-steel of production has all been obtained satisfied dephosphorization effect, and the result sees table 1:
Table 1
| Steel grade | The dephosphorization time (branch) | Original [%P] (%) | [%P] (%) when dephosphorization finished |
| EA4T | 70 | 0.080 | 0.006 |
This embodiment extends to high-grade medium carbon alloy steel kind.
Vocabulary of terms is explained:
EBT-superpower electric furnace LF-liquid steel refining stove VD-vacuum degasser.
Claims (2)
1. the low-phosphorous control method of a speed car axle-steel, it comprises following sequential steps:
IHot metal pretreatment
To contain P≤0.105%, S≤0.050%, temperature is that 1200 ℃～1400 ℃ molten iron carries out pre-treatment, hot metal pretreatment mainly is desiliconization, dephosphorization, desulfurization, reduces harmful element phosphorus, sulphur content in the molten iron;
IIElectrosmelting
Steel scrap and pretreated molten iron are added electrosmelting; Pretreated weight of molten iron ratio>=70%, the P in the steel scrap furnace charge≤0.035%, molten bath dephosphorization temperature is 1560-1580 ℃; Form back whole process in the molten bath and carry out foamy slag operation, foamy slag processing parameter: FeO:12-20%; Basicity: 2.0-2.5%; Thickness of slag layer: 300-500mm, electric furnace steel tapping [C]>=0.08%, [P]≤0.004%; Avoid rephosphorization in the LF refining process, stay steel during tapping, stay slag, promptly going out the quantity of slag is zero;
IIIThe LF refinery practice
The omnidistance argon bottom-blowing of LF refining, adjustment argon bottom-blowing 0.4-0.8MPa; Adopt high Al
2O
3The high basicity R=4.0 of content～6.0 slag systems carry out slag making, deoxidation, the adjustment chemical ingredients;
IV VD treatment technology
Vacuum tightness value≤67Pa, the hold-time is more than 25 minutes, and is broken empty, adds insulating covering agent immediately.
2. the low-phosphorous control method of speed car according to claim 1 axle-steel, its steps characteristic is:
The I hot metal pretreatment
During hot metal pretreatment, pass through winding-up FeO powder, CaO+CaF according to iron water amount
2Powder and oxygen advance
Pre-treatment is taken off in row desiliconization of hot metal, dephosphorization, desulfurization three; Through after the hot metal pretreatment, P in the molten iron≤0.070% S≤0.020%, temperature is 1250 ℃-1500 ℃;
IIElectrosmelting
After a steel scrap and preprocessed molten iron added electric furnace, oxygen blast of electric furnace required electric furnace oxygen air-blowing quantity 0.85 ± 0.1 m
3/ tmin, oxygen blast added fluorite, lime slag making materials after 5 minutes; Molten steel per ton adds lime 18.4 ± 2 Kg, fluorite 7.3 ± 0.3 Kg, oxygen blast 10-15 minute; The thermometric sampling, target value C:0.6-1.0%, T=1580-1600 ℃;, the molten bath carries out the foamy slag operation after forming, total oxygen blow duration 25-35min;
B just refines [P]＞0.004% o'clock, in time bleeds off the high first slag of phosphorus, and replenishes new slag, prevents the temperature back rephosphorization that raises, and carries out 1-2 slagging, changes slag operation; [C]>=0.08% in the control electric furnace steel tapping steel, [P]≤0.004%; Preceding 3 minutes of blow off oxygen; Forbid to add the lime slag charge, before the electric furnace steel tapping, to the iron alloy and Si-Al-Ba, Al piece, the CaO slag making materials that add with ladle be not less than 30 minutes baking; Then molten steel is poured in the ladle, molten steel carries out preliminary alloying in ladle;
Open the argon gas valve during c electric furnace steel tapping immediately, adjustment argon gas amount is 0.5-0.8MPa, and adjusts valve opening at any time, and the valve opening size is not as the criterion so that molten steel is exposed; Before advancing the LF station, the ton steel is fed aluminum steel 1.8-2.0Kg, taps entering LF station after having fed line;
IIIThe LF refinery practice
A moves on to the refining station to the ladle that molten steel is housed, and the LF refining process adopts high basicity
CaO-SiO
2-Al
2O
3Slag system, control slag basicity R=4.0～6.0; Send electric 5-10 minute, when liquid steel temperature>=1540 ℃, the ton steel adds a 1-1.5Kg/t calcium carbide and carries out slag making, deoxidation;
The b high basicity slag keeps dipping in slag and being yellowish-white or white after 25 minutes, and color and luster is even, can take a sample and carry out composition analysis;
C selects low phosphor iron alloy adjustment chemical ingredients for use according to the composition analysis result; The result confirms add-on according to composition analysis, and Mn, Cr are by middle upper limit control, and all the other are controlled by lower limit; Composition reaches target component, and temperature reaches 1660 ℃-1690 ℃, and tapping promptly has a power failure; To ask for slag specimen during tapping, observe that the bits section is white in color and chromaticness is even;
IVVD handles and placing
Molten steel kept below 67Pa 25-30 minute, carried out vacuum outgas; Behind the broken sky of VD, feeding Ca-Si line in molten steel, ton steel line feeding amount 2-4 rice decide hydrogen, soft stirring, thermometric, tapping, for preventing the decline of secondary oxidation of steel and temperature, in addition CaO, SiO during tapping
2, Al
2O
3, MgO is the composite covering agent of staple.
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| CN103215405A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-24 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for dephosphorization treatment on molten iron by using stainless steel self-produced dedusting ash ball |
| CN103255258A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2013-08-21 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Converter smelting method of low-phosphorous and high-alloy steel |
| CN103882181A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Manganese-containing steel alloying process |
| CN111098063A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | Wire rod for gas shielded welding wire and production method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103882181A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Manganese-containing steel alloying process |
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| CN103215405A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-24 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for dephosphorization treatment on molten iron by using stainless steel self-produced dedusting ash ball |
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| CN111098063A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | Wire rod for gas shielded welding wire and production method thereof |
| CN111098063B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | Wire rod for gas shielded welding wire and production method thereof |
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| CN102766729B (en) | 2014-07-16 |
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