CN102763722A - Melanoderma control technique for early red comice pear - Google Patents
Melanoderma control technique for early red comice pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN102763722A CN102763722A CN2012101446843A CN201210144684A CN102763722A CN 102763722 A CN102763722 A CN 102763722A CN 2012101446843 A CN2012101446843 A CN 2012101446843A CN 201210144684 A CN201210144684 A CN 201210144684A CN 102763722 A CN102763722 A CN 102763722A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a melanoderma control technique for a Pyrus communis L.-early red comice pear. The technique can control generation of melanoderma during long-time low-temperature storage in harvest business of early red comice pear, and belongs to the field of storage and preservation of agricultural products. A technical scheme provided by the invention comprises steps of: pear fruit harvest, chitosan coating treatment, pre-cooling and low temperature storage, delivery from warehousing and shelf sale. According to the technique provided by the invention, the early red comice pears can be stored at a low temperature of 0 DEG C for 4 months, and realize good fruit rate higher than 90%; besides, the technique retains nutritional components and antioxidant active components in the fresh fruits to a maximum degree, and effectively restrains melanoderma of the pears.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of morning of the red Prevention Technique of examining this pears melanoderma of honey, belong to farm produce storage and preservation technique field.
Background technology
European pear (Pyrus communis L.) is soft with meat, few, the fragrant succulence of lithocyte and well-known.European pear is shorter in China cultivation time, and at present, the cultivated area of China European pear is about 800hm2, the Shandong 733hm2 that just has an appointment wherein, and areas such as Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing also begin extensive plantation in recent years.' early red examine honey this ' pear is in precocious European pear kind, and is ripe about late July.Because the early red distinctive physiological property of these pears of honey of examining must be through just edible after the storage after-ripening after it is adopted, its refrigeration phase can reach more than 2 months.Yet find that in the past production investigation ' early red examine honey this ' pears are prone to take place epidermis brown stain, final blackening in cold storage procedure, be commonly called as melanoderma, specialty is claimed Scald (the storage later stage incidence of disease reaches more than 40%).In addition, the infectious disease of fruit (mainly being top rot) is also fallen ill more serious.Since at present China to European pear-morning the red research report of examining this pears post-harvest physiology of honey and preservation technique less, therefore, shortage is to the research of European pear preservation method and melanoderma Prevention Technique.The generation of melanoderma has directly caused the decline of ' early red examine honey this ' pears commodity value, causes enormous economic loss to the operator.There is every year the 30-40% fruit to rot and melanoderma is lost approximately, had a strong impact on early red storing of examining these pears of honey and sold because of very easily softening.Therefore a kind of cheap and economical and practical diseases prevention and storage practice are demanded urgently occurring.Chitosan coating diseases prevention method has brought hope for the solution of this difficult problem.
The effect of techniques make use shitosan film forming characteristics of the present invention, bacteriostasis property and the physiological metabolism of adjusting respiration of fruits is handled through chitosan coating before preserving, and has formed a kind of morning of red honey this control of pears melanoderma and preservation technique examined.Utilize this technology effectively to reduce and early redly examine the decline of this pear fruit disease of rotting of honey and melanoderma incidence, delayed fruit hardness and important nutrient Vitamin C content and improve fruit, adopt the back loss thereby effectively reduce fruit during the cryopreservation and the storage quality between the normal temperature shelf life.Utilization should technology can be adopted back loss reduction more than 50% with pear fruit.That technology of the present invention has is easy and simple to handle, be easy to promote, cost of material is cheap, and advantages such as application safety are fit to China's national situation, and very big development and application values is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of red synthetical preservation technology of examining this pears melanoderma of honey morning of practicality, solve early red at present examining melanoderma and technical problem such as morally degenerate take place in this pears postharvest storage process of honey.
The effect of techniques make use shitosan film forming characteristics of the present invention, bacteriostasis property and the physiological metabolism of adjusting respiration of fruits combines the modified atmosphere storage method through shitosan immersion treatment before preserving, and has formed a kind of morning of the red comprehensive storage technique of this pear fruit of honey of examining.Utilize this technology can significantly suppress the melanoderma incidence, effectively delay pear fruit ripening and senescence, postpone the pear fruit color transformation, delay the decline of pear fruit nutritional quality and improve pear fruit during the cryopreservation and the storage quality between the normal temperature shelf life, adopt the back loss thereby effectively reduce pear fruit.Utilization should technology can be preserved early red this pear fruit of honey of examining 4 months, and good fruit rate reaches more than 90%.That technology of the present invention has is easy and simple to handle, be easy to promote, cost of material is cheap, and advantages such as application safety are fit to China's national situation, and very big development and application values is arranged.
The concrete operations step is following:
(1) early red this pear fruit of honey of examining is gathered
Commercial harvest maturity according to fruit is gathered, generally in annual late July.Gather when selecting fine cool temperature, require during harvesting to handle with care, prevent fruit is damaged.
(2) fruit is selected
Pear fruit is plucked the back rejecting has disease and pest and mechanical wounding fruit, and the fruit that the selection size evenly, maturity is consistent is handled.The credit rating of fruit requires and can carry out according to NY/T 440-2001.
(3) the shitosan diseases prevention is handled
Used shitosan is water soluble chitosan or solubility in acid shitosan (deacetylation＞85%).Water soluble chitosan is directly water-soluble, and the solubility in acid shitosan dissolves with 1% glacial acetic acid solution, adds 0.01% Tween-20 then respectively as surperficial extension agent.Fruit after gathering is immersed chitosan solution, soak 2min, take out nature and dry.
(4) packing and precooling treatment
After pear fruit dries, in the carton of the liner 0.03mm PE plastic film bag of packing into, place 0～1 ℃ freezer precooling 24h then, after treating fruit temperature reaching precooling temperature, plastic film bag is drawn mouth, and joint sealing.
(5) storage
The freezer holding conditions is 0 ± 0.5 ℃.Quality and quality inspection are carried out in (every at a distance from 1 month) sampling regularly.
(6) outbound
The fruit storage before sales that finishes is taked slow intensification, regulates 10 ℃ of storehouse temperature and keeps 6h, and fruit can be sold in direct outbound then.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is shitosan fresh-keeping morning of red this pears techniqueflow of honey of examining.
Fig. 2 examines this pears fresh-keeping effect of honey (storage 150d) for 2010-2011 is early red
Fig. 3 examines this pears fresh-keeping effect of honey (storage 120d and 150d) for 2011-2012 is early red
Fig. 4 is early red this pears melanoderma incidence of disease of honey (storage 120d) of examining
Fig. 5 examines quality variation in this pears storage of honey for morning is red
Concrete application example
(1) fruit material
Experiment for the first time: early red this pear fruit of honey of examining picked up from orchard, elm upturned soil Yu Feng garden, Daxing, Beijing on July 29th, 2010.The consistent picking fruit of selective maturation degree requires during harvesting to handle with care, prevents fruit is damaged.Select after transporting the laboratory back, select size evenly, the fruit of no disease and pest and mechanical wounding carries out packet transaction.
Experiment for the second time: early red examine this pear fruit of honey on July 27th, 2011 available from orchard, the Wei Shan village, Daxing, Beijing, fruit is selected, processing method with test the first time identically, carry out repeated experiments.
(2) processing method
Chitosan treatment: with the chitosan solution 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% of 1.0% glacial acetic acid solution preparation variable concentrations, water soluble chitosan is water-soluble getting final product directly, and add 0.01% Tween-20, fully stirs, and shitosan is dissolved fully.At room temperature soak fruit 2min, the taking-up nature is put and is dried.The pear fruit of handling is positioned in the carton of liner 0.03mm PE bag film,, then the PE bag film is drawn mouth, joint sealing at 0～1 ℃ of freezer precooling 24h, and in 0 ± 0.5 ℃ of freezer storage 120～150d.Go up storage practice according to producing, not do any contrast that is treated to.500 fruits of every processing.All are handled needs in the back 2d that gathers, to dispose.
(3) fresh-keeping effect
A. chitosan treatment is to early red influence of examining this pears incidence of honey
As shown in Figure 2,2010, early red examine this pear fruit of honey before refrigeration after the variable concentrations chitosan coating is handled, behind the storage 150d, contrast fruit rot and Scald morbidity are serious, and the basically morbidity of chitosan treatment fruit.Result of study in 2011 has confirmed further that also chitosan treatment can reduce early red this pear fruit incidence of disease of honey of examining, and has prolonged the fruit storage phase (Fig. 3).
As shown in Figure 4, receive season or condition effect such as cultivation, storage, in different year, early red this pears melanoderma incidence of disease difference of honey of examining.2010, early red these pears of honey incidence of disease when storage 120d of examining reached 27.1%, and 2011 annual morbidities are 18.3%.Different chitosan treatment can significantly suppress the early red incidence of disease of examining melanoderma in this pears storage of honey.In 2010 and 2011, shitosan 1 was handled the reduction fruit melanoderma incidence of disease and is reached 78.9% and 77.8%; Shitosan 2 is handled and is reduced by 52.6% and 55.6%.The good fruit rate of chitosan treatment fruit has all reached more than 90%.
B. chitosan treatment is to early red influence of examining the basic quality of these pears of honey
As shown in Figure 5, chitosan treatment can keep the decline of the hardness of fruit and Vc, improves the fruit anthocyanidin content.Fruit soluble solids content there is not appreciable impact.Therefore, the pear fruit shelf life that prolonged of chitosan treatment to a certain extent.
Advantage of the present invention
(1) this invention have use easy, be easy to advantages such as popularization, small investment instant effect, cheap, extensive market, economic benefit and obvious social benefit, be fit to China's national situation, very big development and application values is arranged.
(2) this invention can reduce early red generation of examining this pears duration of storage melanoderma of honey and disease of rotting by the utmost point significantly, prolongs the fruit shelf life life-span, increases the sale fate of fruit, improves added value.
(3) it is fresh-keeping that this invention is different from traditional chemical agent, has high foodsafety, improved green, safety, storage technique efficiently.Shitosan has a wide range of applications in food industry, is proved to be safe.
Last institute should explain and be; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although the present invention is specified with reference to preferable enforcement, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
- Morning the red Prevention Technique of examining this pears melanoderma of honey, it is characterized in that, adopt water-soluble or the solubility in acid shitosan carries out immersion treatment 2min to fruit; After the taking-up nature dries; Through 0～1 ℃ of precooling 24h, the thick PE film of 0.03mm is drawn a mouthful packing, preserves then in 0 ± 0.5 ℃ of freezer; After storage 4 months, circulation sale is carried out in the outbound that slowly heats up.
- 2. a kind of morning according to claim 1, the red Prevention Technique of examining this pears melanoderma of honey is characterized in that, carried out according to following operating procedure:(1) fruit harvestingCommercial harvest maturity according to fruit is gathered, generally in annual late July.Gather when selecting fine cool temperature, require during harvesting to handle with care, prevent fruit is damaged.Fruit harvesting carried out subsequent treatment the same day.(2) fruit is selectedPear fruit is plucked the back rejecting has disease and pest and mechanical wounding fruit, and the fruit that the selection size evenly, maturity is consistent is handled.The credit rating of fruit requires and can carry out according to NY/T 440-2001.(3) the shitosan diseases prevention is handledUsed shitosan is water soluble chitosan or solubility in acid shitosan (deacetylation＞85%).Water soluble chitosan is directly water-soluble, and the solubility in acid shitosan dissolves with 1% glacial acetic acid solution, adds 0.01% Tween-20 then respectively as surperficial extension agent.Fruit after gathering is immersed chitosan solution, soak 2min, take out nature and dry.(4) packing and precooling treatmentAfter pear fruit dries, in the carton of the liner 0.03mm PE plastic film bag of packing into, place 0～1 ℃ freezer precooling 24h then, after treating fruit temperature reaching precooling temperature, plastic film bag is drawn mouth, and joint sealing.(5) storageThe freezer holding conditions is 0 ± 0.5 ℃.Quality and quality inspection are carried out in (every at a distance from 1 month) sampling regularly.(6) outboundThe fruit storage before sales that finishes is taked slow intensification, regulates 10 ℃ of storehouse temperature and keeps 6h, and fruit can be sold in direct outbound then.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012101446843A CN102763722A (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | Melanoderma control technique for early red comice pear |
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| CN2012101446843A CN102763722A (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | Melanoderma control technique for early red comice pear |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108576208A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of the ISOASCORBIC ACID in prevention apple and pears Scald |
| CN113749145A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-07 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Composition and method for preventing and treating black rot of pineapple after picking |
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| JPH11196765A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-07-27 | Okayama Oyo Kagaku:Kk | Agent for maintaining freshness |
| KR100695452B1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-03-16 | 정정례 | Method for preparing white kimchi with spicy taste and the white kimchi with spicy taste prepared thereby |
| CN1951202A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2007-04-25 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A method for inhibiting pear black skin and black heart disease |
| CN101356937A (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-02-04 | 中国农业大学 | Use and method of chitosan oligosaccharide in fresh preserving |
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2012
- 2012-05-11 CN CN2012101446843A patent/CN102763722A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11196765A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-07-27 | Okayama Oyo Kagaku:Kk | Agent for maintaining freshness |
| KR100695452B1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-03-16 | 정정례 | Method for preparing white kimchi with spicy taste and the white kimchi with spicy taste prepared thereby |
| CN1951202A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2007-04-25 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A method for inhibiting pear black skin and black heart disease |
| CN101356937A (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-02-04 | 中国农业大学 | Use and method of chitosan oligosaccharide in fresh preserving |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 李湘利，等: "黄金梨贮藏期虎皮病防治试验", 《中国果树》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108576208A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of the ISOASCORBIC ACID in prevention apple and pears Scald |
| CN113749145A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-07 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Composition and method for preventing and treating black rot of pineapple after picking |
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