CN102762829A - 控制引燃燃料注入以限制增压式发动机的NOx排放的方法和装置 - Google Patents

控制引燃燃料注入以限制增压式发动机的NOx排放的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102762829A
CN102762829A CN2011800088731A CN201180008873A CN102762829A CN 102762829 A CN102762829 A CN 102762829A CN 2011800088731 A CN2011800088731 A CN 2011800088731A CN 201180008873 A CN201180008873 A CN 201180008873A CN 102762829 A CN102762829 A CN 102762829A
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A·卡法尔
克里斯·哈塔尔
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0406Intake manifold pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

本发明使得SCR单元更加有效地运行。本发明的装置包括发动机控制单元(13)、SCR单元(12)和引燃燃料注入器(10)。发动机控制单元与引燃燃料注入器连接以用于控制引燃燃料注入。而且,该装置包括与发动机控制单元连接的增压空气传感器(14)。发动机控制单元包括调整单元,该调整单元被布置为接收增压空气参考数据信号和来自增压空气传感器(14)的信号,并且还形成调整信号。该调整信号被设置为调整引燃燃料注入器的控制。

Description

控制引燃燃料注入以限制增压式发动机的NOx排放的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制引燃燃料注入以限制增压式发动机中的NOx排放的方法和装置。更具体地,本发明涉及能够将气体用作燃料的往复式发动机。
背景技术
增压式发动机包括增压系统。该系统例如可以是涡轮增压系统。增压空气被传送到发动机的汽缸。当气体被用作燃料时,该气体与空气以汽缸特有的方式混合。将气体或油用作在发动机中的燃料也是已知的。这种类型的发动机被称为双用燃料发动机。
引燃燃料注入的控制是能够在公开文献EP 1559887中发现的一种用于最小化发动机的NOx(氮氧化物)排放的已知方式。而且,发动机包括用于减小在废气中的NOx排放的SCR(选择性催化还原)单元是普遍的。SCR单元是用于减小NOx排放的有效装置。然而,实现尽可能低的NOx排放是理想的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是尽可能多地减小增压式发动机的NOx排放。这是通过在独立权利要求中描述的装置和方法来实现。从属权利要求描述了本发明的不同的实施方式。
本发明的思想是减小废气的NOx含量的振荡变化。而且,根据本发明,如果在废气中的NOx浓度在一定的界限内波动,则SCR单元更加有效地运行。因此,根据本发明,波动保持在一定范围内。已经发现的是,增压空气压力对NOx浓度具有影响。
本发明的装置包括发动机控制单元、SCR单元和引燃燃料注入器。发动机控制单元与引燃燃料注入器连接以用于控制引燃燃料注入,并且SCR单元被布置为减小发动机的废气的NOx排放。而且,该装置包括与发动机控制单元连接的增压空气传感器。发动机控制单元包括调整单元,该调整单元被布置为接收增压空气参考数据信号和来自增压空气传感器的信号,并且还形成调整信号。该调整信号被设置为调整引燃燃料注入器的控制。
本发明的方法包括以下步骤:接收指示各种发动机操作条件的信号;以及作为对接收到的信号的响应,形成控制信号以用于控制引燃燃料注入。该方法还包括以下步骤:接收指示增压空气压力和参考增压空气压力的第二信号;作为对接收到的第二信号的响应,形成调整信号;以及通过使用调整信号来调整控制信号。
附图说明
接下来参考附图更加详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1例示了本发明的装置的示例;
图2更加详细地例示了本发明的控制单元的示例;
图3例示了在SCR单元之前本发明对NOx波动的效果的示例;
图4例示了本发明的方法的流程图的示例;以及
图5例示了调整单元的示例。
具体实施方式
图1例示了本发明的装置的示例。该装置被安装在增压式发动机结构1中。增压元件2增加输入空气的压力。增压空气通过汽缸头4被传送到发动机的每一个汽缸3。将在汽缸中燃烧的气体从气体供应系统5传送到汽缸。在将气体分配在发动机中之前,该气体流过气体调节单元6。在不同的负载下,该调节单元将气体压力调节到正确值。在每一个汽缸头4的进气口7中,气体与空气混合。汽缸特有的进气阀8单独地提供被馈送到每一个汽缸的恰当的气体。
发动机可以是将气体用作主要燃料并且将油用作引燃燃料的双用燃料发动机。优选的是,发动机为清洁燃气发动机。
通过使用引燃燃料来对空气/气体混合物进行点火。引燃燃料通过引燃燃料泵11从燃料供应9传送到引燃燃料注入阀10。在燃烧室中的压力和温度条件促进了引燃燃料的自点火,该自点火燃烧促发了空气和气体混合物的燃烧。
在空气/气体混合物的燃烧之后,废气经由SCR单元12从发动机中排出。SCR单元减小了废气的NOx排放。如在图1中所示,废气使增压元件2运行,在该情形中,该增压元件2是涡轮增压元件。
控制单元13控制发动机1的功能。大部分的控制连接没有在图1中示出,因为它们是已知的并且对于例示说明本发明不是必要的。而且,必须注意的是,图1是发动机的简化示意图,其没有包括发动机的所有元件。图1和其它图是用于例示本发明的目的。因此,明显的是,真实的实施方式包括未在描述中说明的大量的装置和部分。
本发明的装置包括如在图1中所示的增压空气压力传感器14。该压力传感器与控制单元13连接,以用于将压力测量信号传输到控制单元。控制单元还接收增压空气压力的参考数据。在图2中更加详细地例示了控制单元。控制单元提供用于控制引燃注入阀10的汽缸特有的控制信号以限制NOx排放波动。
控制单元13包括处理单元15,该处理单元15被布置为接收指示各种发动机操作条件的不同的信号18,发动机操作条件诸如为速度、负载、汽缸特有的废气温度等。在现有技术的方案中,处理单元提供了用于利用引燃注入阀来控制引燃燃料注入的定时和量的控制信号17。尤其,发动机负载和发动机速度的数据被用于引燃注入控制。本发明的控制单元还包括调整单元16。该调整单元被布置为接收来自增压空气压力传感器14的指示增压空气压力的测量数据20和增压空气压力的参考数据19。调整单元的任务是将参考增压空气压力与测量的增压空气压力比较并且形成调整信号。可以通过使用包含与在增压空气压力和SCR单元12中的NOx波动之间的关系有关的统计信息的表格来形成调整信号。因此,调整信号考虑了对NOx波动具有影响的真实的涡轮增压空气压力。调整信号21调节23引燃注入控制信号17,使得SCR单元的NOx波动减小。因此,将发送到注入阀的引燃控制信号22考虑了普通引燃燃料控制和在SCR单元中的NOx浓度的波动。可以通过添加如在图2中所示的信号来完成调整信号和普通控制信号的结合。另一种方式是利用系数乘以上述两个信号,在该情形中,调整单元被设计为用于该类型的结合。可以在所例示的控制单元的单独的单元32中完成该结合,或者可以实现为控制单元的一般构造的集成功能。
图3示出了本发明如何减小在SCR单元12中的NOx波动的示例。较细的线31表示在没有本发明的装置的情况下的波动。较宽的线32表示在本发明的装置的情况下的波动。如所能看见的,本发明明显地减小了波动。因此,它通过更好的SCR操作效率减小了发动机的NOx排放。在气体发动机中,在废气中的NOx浓度主要由空气/气体燃料的比例来决定(越低的空气/气体燃料的比例意味着越高的NOx,反之亦然)。空气量控制具有它自身的功能局限性,不能确保SCR系统的NOx稳定性。本发明使得可以通过调整在汽缸的每一个周期中的引燃燃料量来控制NOx浓度的波动。越高的引燃燃料量意味着越高的NOx值,反之亦然。为了避免不点火和爆震,将考虑最大和最小的允许的引燃燃料量。
图5更加详细地例示了调整单元16的结构的实施方式。已经注意到的是,如果增压空气压力改变为高于增压空气的参考值,则在废气中的NOx值减小,反之亦然。而且,如果引燃燃料量增大,则在废气中的NOx值增大,反之亦然。因此,当形成引燃注入控制信号时将增压空气压力的效果考虑在内(参见图2)。
图5的表格51示出了在不同的增压空气压力条件下关于引燃注入控制信号的调整值。y轴表示增压空气压力的偏差。该偏差被确定为在增压空气压力的参考值和测量值之间的差。x轴表示测量的增压空气压力。在该示例中,调整值为微秒级的持续时间。换句话说,引燃注入的持续时间被调节以将增压空气压力考虑在其中。注入的持续时间影响引燃燃料注入的量。
该表格不是用于提供调整单元的功能的唯一选择。还可以使用例如如下的功能,即,其中,输入信号存在于关联到NOx信息的发动机参数(如在之前的示例中使用的增压空气压力的偏差),并且将关于引燃燃料持续时间的校正作为输出。
图4以流程图例示了本发明的方法的示例。该方法包括以下步骤:接收41指示各种发动机操作条件的信号;以及作为对接收到的信号的响应,形成42控制信号以用于控制引燃燃料注入。这些步骤对于控制引燃燃料注入阀是普遍的。该方法还包括以下步骤:接收43指示增压空气压力和参考增压空气压力的第二信号;作为对接收到的第二信号的响应,形成44调整信号;以及通过使用调整信号来调整45控制信号。接收第二信号43和形成44调整信号的步骤将在增压空气压力和SCR单元12中的NOx波动之间的关系考虑在其中。调整步骤45将普通控制信号和调整信号结合,以用于提供将发送到引燃注入阀的引燃控制信号。
形成调整信号的步骤44可以设置为使用包含与在增压空气压力和SCR单元12中的NOx波动之间的关系有关的统计信息的表格。调整控制信号的步骤45可以被设置为包括用于将调整信号(21)与控制信号(17)结合的结合功能。结合功能例如可以是相加功能。
通过引燃燃料,本发明的控制可以用于所有的将引燃液体燃料用作点火源的双用燃料发动机。调整单元可以被适当地调节以用于不同的发动机。根据上述示例,清楚的是,本发明的实施方式可以以很多种方式实现。还清楚的是,本发明不限于文中的示例,本发明可以以在权利要求的限制范围内的任何形式形成。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于限制能够将气体用作燃料的增压式发动机(1)的NOx排放的装置,所述装置包括发动机控制单元(13),所述发动机控制单元(13)包括用于形成针对引燃燃料注入器的控制信号的处理单元(15),并且所述控制单元(13)可与引燃燃料注入器(10)连接以用于控制引燃燃料注入,其特征在于,所述发动机控制单元(13)进一步包括调整单元(16),所述调整单元(16)被布置为接收来自增压空气压力传感器(14)的信号(20)和参考数据信号(19),并且还通过比较所述参考数据信号(19)和来自所述传感器(20)的所述信号来形成调整信号(21),所述参考信号和来自所述传感器的所述信号与NOx排放的波动相关联,并且所述调整信号被设置为调整所述引燃燃料注入器的控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括用于将所述调整信号(21)与所述控制信号(17)结合的结合功能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述控制单元(13)包括用于提供所述结合功能的结合单元(23)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述结合功能为相加功能。
5.根据权利要求1到4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括SCR单元(12),所述SCR单元(12)被布置为减小所述发动机的废气的NOx排放,所述传感器(14)为增压空气传感器,来自所述传感器(14)的信号和所述参考信号包括增压空气压力值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述调整单元(16)包括表格,所述表格包含与在增压空气压力和所述SCR单元(12)中的NOx波动之间的关系有关的统计信息。
7.一种用于控制引燃燃料注入以限制增压式发动机的NOx排放的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
接收指示各种发动机操作条件的信号(41);以及
作为对接收到的信号的响应,形成控制信号以用于控制所述引燃燃料注入(42),
其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:
接收指示发动机增压空气压力操作条件和相应的参考条件的第二信号,所述第二信号还与所述NOx排放的波动相关联(43);
作为对接收到的第二信号的响应,形成调整信号(44);以及
通过使用所述调整信号来调整所述控制信号(45)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,调整所述控制信号的步骤(45)包括用于将所述调整信号(21)与所述控制信号(17)结合的结合功能。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述结合功能为相加功能。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,形成所述调整信号的步骤(44)被设置为使用包含与在增压空气压力和SCR单元(12)中的NOx波动之间的关系有关的统计信息的表格。
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