CN102760512A - Lead-free silver electroconductive slurry used for forming crystalline silicon solar cell front surface electrode, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lead-free silver electroconductive slurry used for forming crystalline silicon solar cell front surface electrode, and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102760512A
CN102760512A CN2012101669856A CN201210166985A CN102760512A CN 102760512 A CN102760512 A CN 102760512A CN 2012101669856 A CN2012101669856 A CN 2012101669856A CN 201210166985 A CN201210166985 A CN 201210166985A CN 102760512 A CN102760512 A CN 102760512A
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lead
silicon solar
free silver
electrocondution slurry
crystal silicon
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CN102760512B (en
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杨荣春
杨锐昌
熊胜虎
杨华
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HANGZHOU RIGHT SILVER ELECTRONIC MATERIAL MATERIAL Co Ltd
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HANGZHOU RIGHT SILVER ELECTRONIC MATERIAL MATERIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of solar cell new materials, and particularly relates to lead-free silver electroconductive slurry used for forming a crystalline silicon solar cell front surface electrode, and a preparation method thereof. The lead-free silver electroconductive slurry is formed mainly by mixing the following raw materials in mass percent: 80-85% of silver powder, 1-5% of glass powder, 0.01-0.05% of platinum-based material, and 10-15% of organic bond. During rapid heat treatment process by an infrared sintering furnace, the silver electroconductive slurry disclosed by the invention has the advantages of proper erosion rate to SiNx layers and silicon basal bodies, low wire resistance, good weldability, and excellent contact force and adhesive force with base materials.

Description

The crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms with lead-free silver electrocondution slurry and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the solar cell field of new, particularly a kind of crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms with lead-free silver electrocondution slurry and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Crystal silicon solar batteries is a kind of semipermanent physical battery that solar energy is converted into electric energy; Along with fossil (oil; Coal; Natural gas etc.) the extreme consumption of the energy, the lack of energy of generation and serious day by day greenhouse effect, human demand to novel clean energy resource becomes more and more urgent.In very long time in future; The sun will be effective supplier of human clean energy resource; At present, crystal silicon solar batteries is to be one of domestic energy active parts with conversion of solar energy, and its range of application just expands to daily life from space flight, military affairs; When not producing new pollution, the reduction of cost will make solar cell obtain using more widely.
Common screen printing crystalline silicon solar cell is divided into two kinds of monocrystalline silicon and polysilicons, and except minority N type crystalline silicon battery, main product is a P type battery.General manufacture craft is following: the silicon chip of buying from producer that is mixed with boron; At first remove the lattice damage part that causes because of slicing processes through cleaning and removing; Form the matte structure of low surface reflectivity; Form 0.2-0.5 μ m dark phosphorus heavily doped region as diffuse source at silicon chip surface with POCl3 then, be referred to as emitter (emitter), emitter and P mold base joint form the P/N knot; Pass through plasma enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) in emitter surface in addition, form the SiN of the about 80nm of thickness on the surface X(silicon nitride) antireflection film stamps aluminum conductive electric slurry and conductive silver slurry (back of the body silver) at the cell back face then, behind sintering, can form the back of the body (BSF) and welding zone electrode, at positive SiN XLast printing front side silver paste material (positive silver) forms gate line electrode (finger) and main electrode (busbar) realization collected current and the welding zone electrode is provided through sintering.
Front side silver paste will burn the SiN of (fire through) insulation in sintering process X(silicon nitride) antireflection rete forms ohmic contact with silicon substrate.Good Ohmic contact shows two aspects, one of which, alap contact resistance, its two, do not produce the phenomenon of burning that impurity causes to the emitter excess diffusion, this wherein glass dust play crucial effects.Theory thinks that like this conductive silver slurry baked film is burning 400-600 ℃ at present, and glass has wherein begun softening and soaked into silver powder, and can dissolve part silver powder, and along with temperature further raises, the glass that contains silver begins to corrode SiN X, to silicon substrate diffusion and reaction, in temperature-fall period, be dissolved in silver in the glass at first and can be inverted pyramid type crystal grain at silicon face and separate out, form directly with silicon and contact.There is one deck glassy layer (became uneven) between silicon substrate and the upper strata silver; Silver crystal grain directly contacts conducting with upper strata silver and exists hardly; Main conducting principle is the tunneling effect through thin layer of glass; That is to say that contact resistance depends on the silver-colored grain size separated out on the unit are silicon face under the silver layer and the thickness of quantity and intermediate glass layer, and PbO is considered to determine to corrode the key factor of SiNX and dissolving silver amount, therefore all positive silver pastes have all adopted flint glass at present.
From on July 1st, 2006, all were leaded, cadmium, and mercury, Cr VI gathers dibromodiphenyl ether and gathers bromo biphenyl, and the household electrical appliances of six kinds of harmful substances and other electronic electric equipments have been forbidden the market sale in European Union.For reducing harmful effect to environment; Electronic material also must be realized unleaded; The crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode is formed the conductive silver slurry of usefulness; To adopt crown glass exactly, therefore need the environment-friendly type crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode formation of a kind of function admirable of development to use conductive silver slurry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode to form and use the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, this conductive silver slurry is in the infrared sintering furnace rapid thermal treatment process, to SiN XLayer and silicon substrate have suitable erosion rate, and line resistance is low, and solderability is good, with base material excellent contact and adhesive force is arranged.
The present invention also provides said crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode to form the preparation method with the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, and this slurry is mainly formed by following raw materials mix by mass percentage: silver powder 80-85%, glass dust 1-5%, platinum-base material 0.01-0.05%, organic bond 10-15%.Silver content is lower than 80%, and line resistance can increase, thereby increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the internal resistance reduction battery of battery; Silver content is higher than 85%, can cause the inorganic content of system to reduce, thereby reduces the adhesive force of silver layer and base material.Glass content is lower than 1%, can cause the amount of dissolving silver in the sintering process to reduce, thereby causes contact resistance to become big, reduces battery performance; Glass content surpasses 5%, can cause the glassy layer between silver layer and base material blocked up, increases contact resistance and line resistance, reduces battery performance.Platinum-base material is lower than 0.01% and does not have the effect that promotes glass etch SiNx, be higher than 0.05% do not promote the etch effect sign increase cost on the contrary.Organic bond is higher than 15%, and printing effect is poor, and grid line can cave in sintering process; Be lower than 10%, system viscosity is too high, can cause the silk screen process difficulty, and empty seal is serious.
As preferably, said silver powder is the ball shape silver powder of liquid phase reduction preparation, its purity >=99.95%, and average grain diameter is 2.0-3.0 μ m, and particle diameter is less than 2 μ m, and silver powder is easy to sintering, increases contact resistance, and particle diameter is greater than 3 μ m, and the sintering difficulty can increase the line resistance; Specific area 0.1-0.5% ㎡/g, specific area is lower than 0.1 can cause the sintering difficulty, is higher than 0.5, and the system oil absorption increases, and causes the printing difficulty; Tap density 6.0-6.5 g/ml, tap density is low, and system silver loading is on the low side, and tap density is high, and the system particle is bigger than normal, is difficult to sintering.
As preferably, described glass dust is that Bi-B-Zn-V is a glass, and its inorganic constituents and respective quality percentage are following: Bi 2O 360-80%, B 2O 310-20%, ZnO 1-10%, V 2O 51-10%.Bi 2O 3Content is lower than 60%, can reduce the etch rates of glass to SiNx, and it is poor that content is higher than 80% glass attachment power; B2O3 content is lower than 10%, and system is poor to the base material wettability, and content is higher than 20% can destroy PN junction; ZnO content is lower than 1%, does not have the effect that forms network configuration, is higher than 10%, destroys glass structure; V2O5 is lower than 1%, does not reduce the effect of glass viscosity, is higher than 10%, and system viscosity is low excessively, causes the thickness of glass between silver layer and base material to increase.
As preferably, the preparation method of said glass dust is following: with oxide Bi 2O 3-B 2O 3-ZnO-V 2O 5Mix in proportion, put into platinum crucible, 1200 ℃ are incubated 1 hour, shrend, and ball milling, the powder of the equal particle diameter of making even<8.0 μ m is drying to obtain glass dust through 120 ℃.Temperature retention time is long or temperature is too high, can cause the frit volatilization to make prescription uncontrollable deviation occur; The glass dust particle diameter surpasses 8 μ m, can hinder the sintering contact between silver powder in the sintering process, causes the line resistance higher.
As preferably, said organic bond composition by mass percentage is following:
Ethyl cellulose 10-20%,
Foral 5-10%,
Rilanit special 0.2-0.5%,
BC 30-60%,
Dioctyl phthalate 20-50%.
Ethyl cellulose is the main component of carrier, and the printing characteristic of slurry is determined that by it it is not high enough that its content is lower than 10% slurry viscosity, and grid line caves in easily; It is too high that its content is higher than 20% slurry viscosity, is difficult to printing.Foral is used for preventing that slurry bake process surface is oxidized, plays the acceleration of sintering effect, and it is not remarkable that content is lower than 5% effect, is higher than to be difficult in the 10% Fast Sintering process decompose.Rilanit special plays the effect of dispersant, and the particle in the slurry is disperseed each other, and too high levels is difficult to decompose.BC and dioctyl phthalate are as the dissolution with solvents ethyl cellulose; BC is used to the viscosity of the system of adjusting; Dioctyl phthalate is used for the volatility of the hierarchy of control, and both are used the balance that can reach printing life-span and printing effect.
As preferably; The preparation method of said organic bond is following: BC and dioctyl phthalate are mixed in proportion; Be heated to 60 ℃-80 ℃, add other components successively under stirring, continue to stir 1-2 hour; Until being dissolved as the water white transparency homogeneous solution, be described organic bond.Solution temperature surpasses 100 ℃ can cause solvent evaporates, makes the proportioning imbalance of system.Progressively adding ethyl cellulose can accelerate dissolution velocity and increase dissolution degree.
As preferably, described platinum-base material is nanometer platinum powder, chloroplatinic acid or acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum, and wherein any all can reach and promote SiN XThe effect of burning.
As preferably, described lead-free silver electrocondution slurry viscosity is 50-70 Pas, and the grid line height was low when viscosity was lower than 50 printings, was higher than 70 and was difficult to satisfy the high speed printing condition.
A kind of said crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms the preparation method with the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry; According to described proportioning raw materials, silver powder, glass dust, organic bond are put into mixer, continue to stir more than 2 hours; Grind through three-high mill again and disperse; Add platinum-base material in rolling final stage and mix, control scraper plate fineness<10 μ m obtains the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry.
The lead-free silver electrocondution slurry that the present invention obtains is in the positive silver electrode that forms of crystal silicon solar, and the gained solar cell has the combination property that leaded slurry equates.Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1. select for use Bi-B-Zn-V be glass as inorganic binder, realized the unleaded of crystal silicon solar batteries front conductive silver slurry.
2. select low specific surface area silver powder for use, increased the meltage of silver in glass, guaranteed to realize excellent contact.
3. add platinum-base material, promoted the reaction of glass and SiNX and Si base material.
4. carrier components and ratio are selected to guarantee that conductive silver slurry is suitable for quick print, and the ratio of width to height is preferably arranged.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further specified.Should be appreciated that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment, all will fall into protection range of the present invention any pro forma accommodation and/or the change that the present invention made.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, all part, percentages are unit of weight, and all equipment and raw material etc. all can be buied from market or the industry is commonly used.
Embodiment 1-6
A kind of crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, is to be formed by raw materials mix by mass percentage as shown in table 1.Silver powder, glass dust, organic bond are put into mixer by the proportioning of table 1; Continue to stir about 2 hours; Form homogeneous mixture, grind through three-high mill again and disperse, add platinum-base material in rolling final stage and mix; Control scraper plate fineness<10 μ m, obtaining viscosity is the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry of 50-70 Pas.
Table 1 (weight: g)
Figure 998266DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
1. silver powder
Select the ball shape silver powder of liquid phase reduction preparation, silver powder purity >=99.95%, average grain diameter: 2.0-3.0 μ m, specific area: 0.1-0.5 ㎡/g, tap density: 6.0-6.5 g/ml.
2. inorganic bond phase---the preparation of glass dust
The homemade glass dust of the present invention is crown glass, is that Bi-B-Zn-V is a glass, and its inorganic constituents and corresponding proportioning are seen table 2.Above-mentioned raw materials is weighed, put into platinum crucible after evenly mixing, 1200 ℃ are incubated 1 hour in resistance furnace; To melt uniform glass shrend and obtain glass grit, by zirconia ball (6mm): glass: the mass ratio of water is 3:1:2, puts in the zirconic ball grinder of liner; Loading is 1/3rd to 2/3rds of a ball grinder cumulative volume; The ball milling time is 12-20 hour, obtains the powder of average grain diameter<8.0 μ m, is drying to obtain glass dust through 120 ℃ again.
Table 2 (weight: g)
Embodiment 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bi 2O 3 67 77 60 70 80 75
B 2O 3 15 10 20 18 12 14
ZnO 10 5 10 8 7 1
V 2O 5 8 8 10 4 1 10
3. the preparation of organic bond
Component and weight proportion by like table 3 mix BC and dioctyl phthalate in proportion, are heated to 60 ℃-80 ℃; Stir and add other components down successively; Continue to stir 1-2 hour,, be described organic bond until being dissolved as the water white transparency homogeneous solution.
Table 3 (weight: g)
Embodiment 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ethyl cellulose 12 12 10 15 18 14.5
Foral 4 4 9 10 6 5
Rilanit special 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5
BC 60 60 30.6 54.6 55.7 30
Dioctyl phthalate 23.8 23.8 50 20 20 50
4. platinum-base material, the platinum-base material of selection is seen table 1.
The conductive silver slurry performance that embodiment 1-6 obtains is seen table 4.
Table 4
Figure 331158DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Viscosity: 25 ℃ of VT-04E 60rpm 2#spindle.
Basic electric property can be tested: with 125 X, 125 monocrystalline silicon pieces is test pieces, and 10 one group, test result is a mean value.
 
Embodiment 7-10
Adopt proportioning and the method for embodiment 1; Select nanometer platinum powder, chloroplatinic acid, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum to prepare the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry respectively as platinum-base material; And select not have the platinum-base material of interpolation simultaneously as contrast, the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry basic electric property that makes at last can be as shown in table 5.
Table 5
Figure 83213DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Embodiment 1-6 all adopts the prescription in the ratio range of the present invention to make, and the conversion efficiency of battery all reaches better level, is the best with embodiment 3 wherein.In addition, among the embodiment 7-10, the interpolation of metal platinum and compound thereof has significantly changed the conversion efficiency of battery.
Above-described embodiment is a kind of preferable scheme of the present invention, is not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim puts down in writing, also has other variant and remodeling.

Claims (9)

1. a crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, and it is characterized in that: this slurry is mainly formed by following raw materials mix by mass percentage:
Silver powder 80-85%,
Glass dust 1-5%,
Platinum-base material 0.01-0.05%,
Organic bond 10-15%.
2. crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode according to claim 1 forms uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry; It is characterized in that: said silver powder is the ball shape silver powder of liquid phase reduction preparation; Its purity >=99.95%; Average grain diameter is 2.0-3.0 μ m, specific area 0.1-0.5% ㎡/g, tap density 6.0-6.5 g/ml.
3. crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode according to claim 1 forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, and it is characterized in that: described glass dust is that Bi-B-Zn-V is a glass, and its inorganic constituents and respective quality percentage are following: Bi 2O 360-80%, B 2O 310-20%, ZnO 1-10%, V 2O 51-10%.
4. crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode according to claim 3 forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, it is characterized in that the preparation method of said glass dust is following: with oxide Bi 2O 3-B 2O 3-ZnO-V 2O 5Mix in proportion, put into platinum crucible, 1200 ℃ are incubated 1 hour, shrend, and ball milling, the powder of the equal particle diameter of making even<8.0 μ m is drying to obtain glass dust through 120 ℃.
5. crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode according to claim 1 forms and uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry, and it is characterized in that: said organic bond composition by mass percentage is following:
Ethyl cellulose 10-20%,
Foral 5-10%,
Rilanit special 0.2-0.5%,
BC 30-60%,
Dioctyl phthalate 20-50%.
6. crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode according to claim 5 forms uses the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry; It is characterized in that: the preparation method of said organic bond is following: BC and dioctyl phthalate are mixed in proportion; Be heated to 60 ℃-80 ℃, add other components successively under stirring, continue to stir 1-2 hour; Until being dissolved as the water white transparency homogeneous solution, be described organic bond.
7. use the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described crystal silicon solar batteries front electrodes formation, it is characterized in that: described platinum-base material is nanometer platinum powder, chloroplatinic acid or acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum.
8. use the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described crystal silicon solar batteries front electrodes formation, it is characterized in that: described lead-free silver electrocondution slurry viscosity is 50-70 Pa.s.
9. a said crystal silicon solar batteries front electrode forms the preparation method with the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry; It is characterized in that: according to proportioning raw materials as claimed in claim 1, silver powder, glass dust, organic bond are put into mixer, continue to stir more than 2 hours; Grind through three-high mill again and disperse; Add platinum-base material in rolling final stage and mix, control scraper plate fineness<10 μ m obtains the lead-free silver electrocondution slurry.
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CN103578604A (en) * 2013-09-22 2014-02-12 杭州正银电子材料有限公司 Front-face electrode slurry with low silver content for silica-based solar cell main grid and preparation method of front-face electrode slurry
CN103606390A (en) * 2013-10-26 2014-02-26 溧阳市东大技术转移中心有限公司 Leadless-silver-conductor slurry
CN103745764A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-23 浙江凯盈新材料有限公司 Back surface silver slurry with great adhesion with silicon solar battery back field aluminum slurry and preparation method of back surface silver slurry
JP2017218335A (en) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-14 旭硝子株式会社 Glass, conductive paste and solar battery
CN108369965A (en) * 2015-09-18 2018-08-03 韩华Q Cells有限公司 Solar cell and method for manufacturing solar battery
CN108511108A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-09-07 江苏国瓷泓源光电科技有限公司 A kind of solar cell positive silver paste and preparation method thereof of the low viscosity without thixotropic agent
CN109659064A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-19 浙江中希电子科技有限公司 A kind of front side silver paste material and its preparation process of the crystal silicon Perc battery with high-tensile strength
CN110391041A (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 无锡优顺能源开发科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method for solar battery positive electrode electrocondution slurry
CN110689991A (en) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-14 白金科技股份有限公司 Conductive paste
CN114409251A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-04-29 广州市儒兴科技股份有限公司 Lead-free glass powder and preparation method and application thereof

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CN102992633A (en) * 2012-11-10 2013-03-27 江苏瑞德新能源科技有限公司 Lead-free and silicon-free glass powder with wide sintering process window and adaptive to back silver paste
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CN103578604A (en) * 2013-09-22 2014-02-12 杭州正银电子材料有限公司 Front-face electrode slurry with low silver content for silica-based solar cell main grid and preparation method of front-face electrode slurry
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CN103745764B (en) * 2013-12-19 2016-03-23 浙江凯盈新材料有限公司 A kind ofly adhere to good back silver with silicon solar cell back surface field aluminium paste and starch and preparation method thereof
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CN110391041A (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-29 无锡优顺能源开发科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method for solar battery positive electrode electrocondution slurry
CN110689991A (en) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-14 白金科技股份有限公司 Conductive paste
CN109659064A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-19 浙江中希电子科技有限公司 A kind of front side silver paste material and its preparation process of the crystal silicon Perc battery with high-tensile strength
CN114409251A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-04-29 广州市儒兴科技股份有限公司 Lead-free glass powder and preparation method and application thereof

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Denomination of invention: Lead-free silver electroconductive slurry used for forming crystalline silicon solar cell front surface electrode, and preparation method thereof

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