CN102751500A - Amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics and preparation method of amorphous carbon material - Google Patents
Amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics and preparation method of amorphous carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102751500A CN102751500A CN2012102466115A CN201210246611A CN102751500A CN 102751500 A CN102751500 A CN 102751500A CN 2012102466115 A CN2012102466115 A CN 2012102466115A CN 201210246611 A CN201210246611 A CN 201210246611A CN 102751500 A CN102751500 A CN 102751500A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics. The amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics comprises an amorphous carbon base body, wherein a graphitized microcrystalline area is distributed inside the amorphous carbon base body; furthermore, a transition metal element is also contained in the amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics; and measured by an XRD (X-ray diffraction) method, the amorphous carbon material with graphitizing characteristics has a typical graphite characteristic diffraction peak d002 peak. The preparation method of the amorphous carbon material roughly comprises the steps of taking and uniformly mixing ultrafine powder containing a carbon precursor and/or the transition metal element and/or compound containing the transition metal element in water and/or an organic solvent to form a homogeneous dispersion system; drying the mixture at low temperature, sintering the mixture at high temperature, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain the target product. According to the invention, partial graphitization temperature of the carbon material is reduced, so that the amorphous carbon material containing graphite crystallite is prepared; the defects that heavy current charging performance of the graphite material is poor and the structure is not stable can be overcome, and usable embedded lithium capacity of the amorphous carbon material is also improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of amorphous carbon material and manufacturing approach thereof that belong to graphitization characteristic.
Background technology
The negative material that is used for the lithium ion battery of commodity, at present normally used is to have the Delanium of graphitization characteristic or the native graphite of modification, the negative material of graphite-like has higher embedding lithium capacity.But the material of graphite-like is because its layer structure, takes off in the process of embedding than being easier to peeling off of genetic horizon structure at lithium ion, causes structural instability, and battery life etc. are affected; Owing to exist solvent to embed the situation that causes graphite linings to be peeled off altogether, the negative pole of graphite-like has also limited and has comprised that the propylene carbonate class has the use of the solvent of high-k simultaneously.In addition; Because the embedding lithium current potential of graphite type material relatively approaches the electrochemical deposition current potential of lithium metal; When lithium ion battery during, when perhaps under low temperature condition, charging, often form the lithium surface deposition easily by large current charge; Destroy battery performance, even can produce Li dendrite and further produce potential safety hazard.Then people bring into use the amorphous carbon material with non-graphite laminate structure, comprise the hard carbon and the soft carbon of low-temperature carbonization, then when these materials showed preferably structural stability, its available embedding lithium capacity usually again can be lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the problems referred to above that exist in the prior art in order to solve, and a kind of Stability Analysis of Structures is provided, and charging performance is good, and has the amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic and the manufacturing approach thereof of higher available embedding lithium capacity.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic, it comprises the agraphitic carbon matrix, is distributed with graphited crystallite zone in the said agraphitic carbon matrix.Particularly, this amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic records with XRD method and has the d002 peak; Simultaneously, when utilizing transmission electron microscope that agraphitic carbon is observed, can see that there is the microcell lattice fringe in the agraphitic carbon centre, is the graphitization microcell.
Further; Also contain transition metal in the said amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic, said transition metal comprises any one or the two or more combinations in iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, the iridium.
The content of transition metal is 0.1ppm-20wt% in the said amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic.
Said graphited crystallite zone is of a size of 1nm-1 μ m.
Preferably, said particle diameter with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic is 0.5-100 μ m.
The manufacturing approach that has the amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic as stated; It is characterized in that; This method is: the superfines of getting the compound that contains carbon matrix precursor and transition metal and/or contain transition metal is uniformly mixed to form homogeneous dispersion system in water and/or organic solvent, in temperature is 150-300 ℃ environment, is placed to drying again, then fires more than the 1h with 700-2000 ℃ hot conditions; Be cooled to room temperature, obtain target product thereafter.
As one of preferred scheme, be that said homogeneous dispersion system is warming up to 150-300 ℃ with 0.2-2 ℃/minute programming rate in this method, insulation then is to the water and/or the organic solvent that remove in this homogeneous dispersion system.
As one of preferred scheme; In this method be with homogeneous dispersion system through after the dried the dried product exhibited that obtains in protective atmosphere or vacuum environment with 700-2000 ℃ high-temperature firing 1h more than; Take out after being cooled to room temperature again, obtain target product then;
As one of preferred scheme; In this method be with homogeneous dispersion system after dried the dried product exhibited that obtains be warming up to 700-2000 ℃ with the speed of 10-300 ℃/h; More than the constant temperature 1h, take out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1-3000 ℃/h again, obtain target product then.
The said carbon matrix precursor that contains comprises hard carbon material presoma and/or soft material with carbon element presoma; Said hard carbon material presoma is selected from any one in glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch, phenolic resins, the warm and fine epoxy resin of polypropylene at least; Said soft material with carbon element presoma is selected from any one in oil, coal, pitch and the polyvinyl chloride at least, but all is not limited thereto.
Said organic solvent comprises any one or the two or more combinations in ethanol, acetone and the dimethyl formamide, but is not limited thereto.
As an embodiment preferred, said manufacturing approach with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic may further comprise the steps:
(1) configuration homogeneous dispersion system: the superfines that will contain any one or two or more combination in carbon matrix precursor and transition metal, transition metal oxide and the transition metal salt be scattered in water/or organic solvent in, the homogeneous dispersion that forms concentration and be 0.5-99wt% is;
(2) low temperature dewatering and/or organic solvent: above-mentioned homogeneous dispersion system is warming up to 150-300 ℃ with 0.2-2 ℃/minute programming rate; Then be incubated more than the 5h; And accompanying by stirring, water and/or organic solvent in removing this homogeneous dispersion system form dried product exhibited;
(3) high temperature cabonization:
Place protective atmosphere or vacuum environment with high-temperature firing 1h～48h of 700-2000 ℃ above-mentioned dried product exhibited, take out after being cooled to room temperature again, obtain target product;
Perhaps, above-mentioned dried product exhibited is warming up to 700-2000 ℃ with the speed of 10-300 ℃/h, constant temperature 1h～48h takes out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1-3000 ℃/h thereafter, obtains target product.
Further, said manufacturing approach with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic also comprises the steps:
(4) pulverize: step (3) obtained product is crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.5-100 μ m.
Compared with prior art; Advantage of the present invention is mainly reflected in: reduced the graphited temperature of material with carbon element part; Thereby prepare the amorphous carbon material that contains graphite microcrystal; Can either solve the material large current charge performance of graphite-like bad with the structure shortcoming of temperature not, also improved the available embedding lithium capacity of amorphous carbon material.
Embodiment
The unusual part of amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic of the present invention is: there is graphited crystallite zone in this amorphous carbon material inside, and is the agraphitic carbon zone beyond the graphitization crystallite zone.
And; Also contain transition metal in the amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic of the present invention; And combine actual fabrication technology of the present invention, if institute's raw material of selecting for use without cleaning, then maybe transition metal content just than higher; If use pickling with preceding elder generation, then its content is just lower.Therefore, the total content of transition metal is not wait between the 0.1ppm-20wt%.
Specifically, aforementioned transition metal can be a kind of or its combination in iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, the iridium, but is not limited thereto.
Further, this amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic records with XRD method has the d002 peak, and wherein graphited crystallite zone is of a size of 1nm-1 μ m, and these data can calculate through the halfwidth at d002 peak.
Simultaneously, this particle diameter with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic is preferably 0.5-100 μ m.
Following system makes aforementioned a kind of selection process scheme with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic, and it can may further comprise the steps:
At first; Configuration homogeneous dispersion system: will contain carbon matrix precursor and particle diameter less than 1 micron transition metal or transition metal oxide or the superfines (particle diameter is below 1 μ m) of transition metal salt (can be the soluble-salt or the indissoluble salt of transition metal) is scattered in water and/or the organic solvent, and to be preferably formed concentration be that the homogeneous dispersion of 0.5-99wt% is.
Then; Low temperature dewatering: the homogeneous dispersion system that configures above-mentioned is placed in the high temperature furnace, is warming up to 150-300 ℃ with the programming rate of 0.2-2 ℃/min, more than the insulation 5h; Preferred 5-48h; Preferably accompany by lasting the stirring between soak, mixing speed preferably is controlled at 0-1500 rev/min, can produce relevant product but can not stir equally also.
Thereafter, high temperature cabonization:
Place the protective atmosphere (the protection throughput kept 0.5-200ml/ minute) or the vacuum environment that form by inert gas or reducing gas etc. (to be preferably 1 * 10 above-mentioned dried product exhibited
-3MmHg-380mmHg) with high-temperature firing 1h～48h of 700-2000 ℃, take out after being cooled to room temperature again in, obtain target product;
Perhaps, above-mentioned dried product exhibited is warming up to 700-2000 ℃ with the speed of 10-300 ℃/h, constant temperature 1h～48h takes out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1-3000 ℃/h thereafter, obtains target product.
At last, pulverize: preferably above-mentioned target product is broken into the particle that particle diameter is 0.5-100 μ m.
With regard to the present invention's one preferred implementation, aforementioned organic solvent can be selected a kind of or its combination in ethanol, acetone, the dimethyl formamide for use, but is not limited thereto.
It is aforementioned that to contain carbon matrix precursor optional with hard carbon material presoma and/or soft material with carbon element presoma; Wherein, The hard carbon material presoma can be selected from any one in glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch, phenolic resins, the warm and fine epoxy resin of polypropylene; Aforementioned soft material with carbon element presoma can be selected from any one in oil, coal, pitch and the polyvinyl chloride, but all is not limited thereto.
The present invention has reduced the graphited temperature of material with carbon element part; Thereby prepare the amorphous carbon material that contains graphite microcrystal; Can either solve the material large current charge performance of graphite-like bad with the structure shortcoming of temperature not, also improved the available embedding lithium capacity of amorphous carbon material.
Below in conjunction with some preferred embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1This manufacturing approach with amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic of graphitization characteristic may further comprise the steps:
(1) configuration homogeneous dispersion system: the soluble-salt that will contain carbon matrix precursor and transition metal is scattered in the solvent, and forming concentration is the dispersion of 0.5wt%.
(2) low temperature dewatering: the above-mentioned dispersion that configures is placed in the high temperature furnace, is warming up to 150 ℃ with the programming rate of 0.2 ℃/min, insulation 5h accompanies by mechanical agitation, 1 rev/min of mixing speed between soak.
(3) high temperature cabonization: above-mentioned dried product exhibited is placed the high temperature furnace of inert gas or reducing gas protection, and the high temperature furnace temperature is 1000 degree, and carbonization time 4h remains protection throughput 0.5ml/ minute, takes out after being cooled to room temperature naturally.
(4) pulverize: above-mentioned product is broken into the particle that particle diameter is 0.5-100 μ m.This product records with XRD method has the d002 peak, and can confirm also that through the halfwidth that calculates the d002 peak wherein graphited crystallite zone is of a size of 1nm-1 μ m.
Preferably, aforementioned transition metal comprises any one or its combination in iron, cobalt, nickel, the copper.Preferably, aforesaid solvent includes any one or its combination in water, ethanol, the acetone.And preferred for the efficient that makes preparation is guaranteed, the aforementioned carbon matrix precursor that contains includes any one or its combination in glucose, sucrose, the fructose.
Embodiment 2This manufacturing approach with amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic of graphitization characteristic may further comprise the steps:
(1) configuration homogeneous dispersion system: will contain carbon matrix precursor and particle diameter and be scattered in the solvent less than 1 micron the transition metal and/or the superfines of transition metal oxide and/or transition metal salt, forming concentration is the dispersion of 99wt%.
(2) low temperature dewatering: the above-mentioned dispersion that configures is placed in the high temperature furnace, is warming up to 300 ℃ with the programming rate of 2 ℃/min, insulation 5-48h accompanies by mechanical agitation, 1500 rev/mins of mixing speeds between soak;
(3) high temperature cabonization: above-mentioned dried product exhibited is placed at 1 * 10
-3Under the vacuum degree of mmHg-380mmHg, be warming up to 2000 ℃, behind the constant temperature 48h, take out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 3000 ℃/h with the speed of 300 ℃/h.
(4) pulverize: above-mentioned product is broken into the particle that particle diameter is 100 μ m.This product records with XRD method has the d002 peak, and can confirm also that through the halfwidth that calculates the d002 peak wherein graphited crystallite zone is of a size of 1nm-1 μ m.
Preferably, aforementioned transition metal comprises any one or its combination in zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, the iridium.Preferably, aforesaid solvent comprises any one or its combination in acetone, the dimethyl formamide.And, preferred for the efficient that makes preparation is guaranteed, aforementionedly contain that carbon matrix precursor comprises that cellulose, starch, phenolic resins, polypropylene are fine, any one or its combination in the epoxy resin.
More than explanation and preferred embodiment intangibility are interpreted as and limit design philosophy of the present invention.In technical field of the present invention, holding identical knowledge the knowledgeable can be with technical thought of the present invention with various form improvement change, and such improvement and change are interpreted as belonging in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic; It is characterized in that; It comprises the agraphitic carbon matrix, is distributed with graphited crystallite zone in the said agraphitic carbon matrix, and also contains transition metal in the said amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic.
2. the amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said transition metal comprises any one or the two or more combinations in iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, the iridium.
3. according to each described amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic among the claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: the content of transition metal is 0.1ppm-20wt% in the said amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic.
4. according to each described amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic among the claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: said graphited crystallite zone is of a size of 1nm-1 μ m.
5. according to each described amorphous carbon material with graphitization characteristic among the claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: said particle diameter with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic is 0.5-100 μ m.
6. like each said manufacturing approach among the claim 1-5 with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic; It is characterized in that; This method is: the superfines of getting the compound that contains carbon matrix precursor and transition metal and/or contain transition metal is uniformly mixed to form homogeneous dispersion system in water and/or organic solvent, in temperature is 150-300 ℃ environment, is placed to drying again, then fires more than the 1h with 700-2000 ℃ hot conditions; Be cooled to room temperature, obtain target product thereafter.
7. according to the said manufacturing approach of claim 6 with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic; It is characterized in that; Be that said homogeneous dispersion system is warming up to 150-300 ℃ with 0.2-2 ℃/minute programming rate in this method, insulation then is to the water and/or the organic solvent that remove in this homogeneous dispersion system.
8. according to the said manufacturing approach of claim 6, it is characterized in that with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic:
In this method be with homogeneous dispersion system through after the dried the dried product exhibited that obtains in protective atmosphere or vacuum environment with 700-2000 ℃ high-temperature firing 1h more than, take out after being cooled to room temperature again, obtain target product then;
Perhaps; In this method be with homogeneous dispersion system after dried the dried product exhibited that obtains be warming up to 700-2000 ℃ with the speed of 10-300 ℃/h; More than the constant temperature 1h, take out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1-3000 ℃/h again, obtain target product then.
9. according to the said manufacturing approach of claim 6 with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic; It is characterized in that; The said carbon matrix precursor that contains comprises hard carbon material presoma and/or soft material with carbon element presoma; Said hard carbon material presoma is selected from any one in glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch, phenolic resins, the warm and fine epoxy resin of polypropylene at least, and said soft material with carbon element presoma is selected from any one in oil, coal, pitch and the polyvinyl chloride at least.
10. according to the said manufacturing approach of claim 6, it is characterized in that said organic solvent comprises any one or the two or more combinations in ethanol, acetone and the dimethyl formamide with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic.
11., it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps according to each said manufacturing approach among the claim 6-10 with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic:
(1) configuration homogeneous dispersion system: the superfines that will contain any one or two or more combination in carbon matrix precursor and transition metal, transition metal oxide and the transition metal salt be scattered in water/or organic solvent in, the homogeneous dispersion that forms concentration and be 0.5-99wt% is;
(2) low temperature dewatering and/or organic solvent: above-mentioned homogeneous dispersion system is warming up to 150-300 ℃ with 0.2-2 ℃/minute programming rate; Then be incubated more than the 5h; And accompanying by stirring, water and/or organic solvent in removing this homogeneous dispersion system form dried product exhibited;
(3) high temperature cabonization:
Place protective atmosphere or vacuum environment with high-temperature firing 1h～48h of 700-2000 ℃ above-mentioned dried product exhibited, take out after being cooled to room temperature again, obtain target product;
Perhaps, above-mentioned dried product exhibited is warming up to 700-2000 ℃ with the speed of 10-300 ℃/h, constant temperature 1h～48h takes out after being cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1-3000 ℃/h thereafter, obtains target product.
12., it is characterized in that it also comprises the steps: according to the said manufacturing approach of claim 11 with amorphous carbon material of graphitization characteristic
(4) pulverize: step (3) obtained product is crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.5-100 μ m.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107799771A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-13 | 湖州创亚动力电池材料有限公司 | A kind of carbon negative pole material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN109742372A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-10 | 北京交通大学 | A method of preparing high performance lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode composite material |
| CN109765251A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-17 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The detection method of undefined structure content in mixed crystal sample |
| CN110190252A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-30 | 河南电池研究院有限公司 | A kind of lithium metal carbon composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417399A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳市金牌新能源科技有限责任公司 | Copper-tantalum co-doped hard carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115602838A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-13 | 南自通华（南京）智能电气有限公司（Cn） | Spherical carbon negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN115821429A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-21 | 大连理工大学 | Method for catalytic graphitization of carbon fiber |
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| CN107799771A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-13 | 湖州创亚动力电池材料有限公司 | A kind of carbon negative pole material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109765251A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-17 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The detection method of undefined structure content in mixed crystal sample |
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| CN110190252B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2022-04-01 | 河南电池研究院有限公司 | Metal lithium-carbon composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417399A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳市金牌新能源科技有限责任公司 | Copper-tantalum co-doped hard carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115417399B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-03-26 | 深圳市金牌新能源科技有限责任公司 | Copper-tantalum co-doped hard carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115602838A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-13 | 南自通华（南京）智能电气有限公司（Cn） | Spherical carbon negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN115821429A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-21 | 大连理工大学 | Method for catalytic graphitization of carbon fiber |
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