CN102741524A - Thermal energy storage apparatus for an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and corresponding method of forming this system - Google Patents
Thermal energy storage apparatus for an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and corresponding method of forming this system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102741524A CN102741524A CN2010800627431A CN201080062743A CN102741524A CN 102741524 A CN102741524 A CN 102741524A CN 2010800627431 A CN2010800627431 A CN 2010800627431A CN 201080062743 A CN201080062743 A CN 201080062743A CN 102741524 A CN102741524 A CN 102741524A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
- F02C7/10—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases by means of regenerative heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/60—Application making use of surplus or waste energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/42—Storage of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
- F28D2020/0021—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in loose or stacked elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Abstract
A system (100) and method for a thermal energy storage system is disclosed, the thermal energy storage system (100) comprising a plurality of pressure vessels (218, 220) arranged in close proximity to one another, each of the pressure vessels (218, 220) having a wall comprising an outer surface and an inner surface spaced from the outer surface by a respective wall thickness and surrounding an interior volume of the pressure vessel. The interior volume has a first end (230) in fluid communication with one or more compressors (104,112) and one or more turbines (128) and a second end (230) in fluid communication with at least one of one or more additional compressors (104, 112), one or more additional turbines (128) and at least one compressed air storage component (122). The thermal energy storage system (100) further comprises a thermal storage medium (226) positioned in the interior volume of each of the plurality of pressure vessels (218, 220).
Description
Technical field
Embodiments of the invention relate in general to compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, and more specifically, relate to thermal energy storage (TES) system in the adiabatic CAES system.
Background technique
The CAES system allows not produce a large amount of effulents and/or consumes a large amount of natural resourcess and storage of electrical energy.The CAES system typically comprises having one or the compressor units of multi-compressor more.This or more multi-compressor in compression stage compress inlet air to be stored in cave, porous layer, discarded rock gas/oil field or other pressurized air storage pads.Pressurized air then is used to drive turbine to produce electric energy at the energy stage of development later on, and electric energy can offer utility network again.If public electric energy is used for the drive compression group during compression stage, the then compressor units off-peak hours operation of shared device of being everlasting.The energy stage of development of CAES is typically operated in the high power requirements time again.Alternatively, from the energy of renewable origin,, be used in this compressor units of compression stage drive and be delivered to pressurized air memory location (for example cave) with pressurized air and with air such as energy from wind turbine or solar panel array.Like this, compressor units can be operated the time outside the off-peak hours, and can preserve existing public electric energy.
One type CAES system is known as nonadiabatic CAES system.In nonadiabatic CAES system, the heat that is produced by compressor units typically loses to surrounding environment.In other words, the heat of compression can lose the environment to the interstage cooler, and the heat that when getting into cave or other pressurized air storage pads, stays reduces during in pressurized air and cave air mixing, and further is cooled to ambient temperature at memory period.Therefore, the pressurized air in being stored in cave or pressurized air storage pad is used to drive one or more turbines when producing electric energy, pressurized air typically before getting into turbine by heating again.This again heating steps typically use the burner of the gas-firing between pressurized air storage pad and this or more turbines and reflux exchanger to carry out.Because this heating steps again, the whole efficiency of nonadiabatic CAES system reduces, and uses rock gas to come to provide fuel to cause the carbon emission and the comsumption of natural resources to burner.
Adiabatic CAES or ACAES system can improve system effectiveness through catching to use after also the heat of store compressed is used for.In this type systematic, one or more thermal energy storage (TES) cell location are between compressor and cave.Typically, the TES unit comprises the medium that is used for the heat storage therein, such as concrete, rock, fluid (for example oil), fused salt or phase-change material.Hot air from compression stage passes through the TES unit, thereby in this process, its compression heat is passed to medium.Therefore, be different from nonadiabatic CAES system, the ACAES system does not lose the net quantity of heat that is produced by compressor units, but some of heat are stored in one or more TES unit.Pressurized air gets into then and is in or near the cave of ambient temperature.
Pressurized air in being stored in cave or other pressurized air storage unit will be drawn out of when driving one or more turbines and produce electric energy, and pressurized air is back through the TES unit, thereby before getting into this or more turbines, heats this pressurized air again.Like this, the ACAES system does not need other rock gas to heat to leave the pressurized air of cave or other pressurized air storage pads again.Therefore, the ACAES system provides the efficient of improving with respect to nonadiabatic CAES system, has the carbon emission of less (if any) and few even do not have a comsumption of natural resources.
The TES unit that is configured to be stored in effectively the heat that generates during the compression cycle of compressor units is built into and bears high heat fluctuation and the high pressure relevant with the ACAES system.For example, the compressed air temperature of leaving compressor units can the variation from 250 ℃ to 750 ℃, and the compressed-air actuated temperature that gets into the TES unit from the cave is near ambient temperature.Equally, the TES cell design becomes to bear the pressure of 65-85 crust.In order to bear this type high temp and pressure, comprise for the current suggestion of TES unit and to build the large-sized concrete cylindrical body that is filled with the medium that is used for the heat storage.Has concrete wall thick, prestressing and that steel strengthens because their major diameter, these TES unit form, it makes the TES unit can bear in the wall high tension that pressure produced by wherein.Yet the construction of this type of thick concrete wall causes great engineering difficulty with expensive, implements and the feasibility of the ACAES system relative than the nonadiabatic CAES system of poor efficiency thereby reduced.In addition, High Operating Temperature and temperature cycles cause destructive thermal stress to get into this concrete wall, and these stress are exaggerated along with the concrete wall thickening.
Therefore, designing the apparatus and method that overcome the aforesaid drawbacks relevant with the construction of TES unit will expect.
Summary of the invention
Many aspects of the present invention provide the system and method that is used for the TES system, and this TES system has at least one the TES unit that is configured to bear high temperature and high pressure.This at least one TES unit is built and is arranged such that the wall of this at least one TES unit has minimum thickness.
According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of thermal energy storage system is disclosed; This thermal energy storage system comprises a plurality of pressurized containers that are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other; Each pressurized container all has the wall that comprises outer surface and internal surface, and this internal surface and this outer surface are separated by corresponding wall thickness, and surrounds the internal capacity of this pressurized container.This internal capacity has and one or multi-compressor and one or more turbines first end that becomes fluid to be communicated with more, and becomes second end of fluid connection with one or more additional compressors, one or more additional turbines and one of them of at least one pressurized air storage pad.This thermal energy storage system also comprises the hot storage medium in each the internal capacity that is positioned at these a plurality of pressurized containers.
According to another aspect of the present invention; A kind of method that forms thermal energy storage system is disclosed; This method comprises and forms first pressurized container and form second pressurized container, and this first pressurized container has and is built into the wall with predetermined altitude and thickness, and wherein the internal surface of the wall of this first pressurized container limits internal capacity wherein; This second pressurized container is built into the wall with predetermined altitude and thickness, wherein the internal surface of the wall of this second pressurized container restriction internal capacity wherein.This method also comprises the hot storage medium of porous is arranged in each the internal capacity of first pressurized container and second pressurized container, and first pressurized container and second pressurized container are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other.Equally; This method comprises that first end with each of first and second pressurized containers is connected to one or more on the multi-compressor and be connected on one or the more turbines; Make first and second pressurized containers each with this or more multi-compressor and this or more turbines become fluid to be communicated with; And with second end of first and second containers be connected to one or more additional compressors, one or more additional turbines and one or more multiple pressure contract on one of them of air storage pad, make each of first and second pressurized containers all with this or more additional compressors, this or more additional turbines and this or more multiple pressure contracts that one of them of air storage pad is individual to become the fluid connection.
According to another aspect again of the present invention; A kind of thermal energy storage device is disclosed; This thermal energy storage device comprises first concrete cylindrical shape wall that limits first internal capacity and the second concrete cylindrical shape wall that limits second internal capacity; Wherein this second concrete cylindrical shape wall is arranged in first internal capacity of this first concrete cylindrical shape wall, and it is coaxial making win concrete cylindrical shape wall and the second concrete cylindrical shape wall.This thermal energy storage device also comprises in first internal capacity that is arranged on the first concrete cylindrical shape wall and the porous hot radical material in second internal capacity of the second concrete cylindrical shape wall.
To make various other feature and advantage obvious by following detailed description and figure.
Description of drawings
Description of drawings current imagination be used for carrying out optimal mode of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the illustrative arrangement of ACAES according to an embodiment of the invention system.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of TES according to an embodiment of the invention system.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of TES system according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the plan view according to the embodiment's of Fig. 3 TES system.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of TES system according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of the TES system in the hoistway that is placed on the cave according to another embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of system that comprises at least one TES unit is provided, it is configured to allow this at least one TES unit to bear high pressure and high temperature fluctuation, keeps minimum wall thickness simultaneously.
At first, referring to Fig. 1, shown the illustrative arrangement of the staple of ACAES system.ACAES system 100 comprises the electric motor 102 that is connected on the low pressure compressor 104.Electric motor 102 can be that utility network drives during the common time of non-peak electrically via conventional means.Alternatively, electric motor 102 can be by the electric drive that provides via wind-powered electricity generation factory, solar array or other renewable origins.Electric motor 102 drives low pressure compressor 104, makes low pressure compressor 104 give air inlet 106 pressurizations.Forced air 108 from low pressure compressor 104 is provided for high pressure compressor 112 then, so that air can stand further compression.Be similar to low pressure compressor 104, high pressure compressor 112 is driven by electric motor 110.Electric motor 110 also can drive through utility network or through the renewable origin such as wind-powered electricity generation factory and solar array.Use two compressors in " compressor units " though ACAES system 100 is presented at, it should be understood that and to use more or less compressor.
When corresponding low pressure compressor 104 of air process and high pressure compressor 112, air is pressurized to the level of 65-85 crust and is heated to the temperature up to 650 ℃ subsequently.The air 114 of this pressurization, heating gets at least one thermal energy storage (TES) unit 116 then.This at least one TES unit 116 typically comprises the hot storage medium of the porous that is arranged on wherein, and the hot storage medium of this porous can keep a large amount of heats that sent by air 114 during through this at least one TES unit 116 at air.The hot storage medium of porous can be multiple solid material, such as the composition of natural rock (for example leafing rock and/or cobble), pottery, concrete, cast iron or pottery and salt.Alternatively, the hot storage medium of this porous can be fluent material, such as the composition of nitrate and mineral oil.Yet, use the advantage of the hot storage medium material of existence naturally to be greatly to reduce cost of material, and can save manufacturing/transport energy such as leafing rock and/or cobble, suppose the words that this type of material that exists naturally obtains easily.If natural rock is used as the hot storage medium of porous, then leafing rock and/or cobble should have suitable size, to have high surface to V/V and heat resistance.
After the air 114 of heating passed through at least one TES unit 116, air compressed 118 was left this at least one TES unit 116 under the temperature that reduces, so that air compressed 118 can be stored in cave 122 or other pressurized air storage pads.Yet before getting into cave 122, air compressed 118 possibly further cooled off by optional interstage cooler 120, makes air compressed 118 under for example about 50 ℃ maximum temperature, get into cave 122.Cave 122 makes air can be pressurized to the level of about 60-80 crust, does not have tangible compression loss with the period of storage prolongation.
Still referring to Fig. 1, when hope used the air of storage to produce electric power, air compressed 124 can 122 dischargings from the cave.Pressurized air 124 leaves cave 122 and under about 20-50 ℃ temperature, gets into this at least one TES unit 116 again.When pressurized air passed through the hot storage medium of porous of this at least one TES unit 116, it was heated to the temperature up to 600 ℃ again, and this temperature is near the temperature of discharging from high pressure compressor 112 before the air 114 of heating.This pressurized air that heats again 126 that is pressurized to the level of about 55-75 crust in this stage gets into turbine 128 then, and turbine 128 is driven by the pressurized air 126 of heating again.Can use more than a turbine 128, thereby form " expansion group ".Different with nonadiabatic CAES system, pressurized air 126 in this at least one TES unit 116 by heating again, and therefore need not reclaim at the additional heat at steamturbine place or gaseous combustion to heat this pressurized air again.When turbine 128 operations, discharged air 130 is by its discharge, and steamturbine 128 drives generator 132.Can offer utility network after the electric energy by generator 132 generations is used for consuming.As can understanding easily, ACAES system 100 has showed a kind of method that produces electric power, even if this method is not to eliminate, also can greatly reduce the comsumption of natural resources and/or carbon emission in the electrical energy production.
Alternatively; In being called multistage ACAES system; Can adopt more than a TES unit 116; Make only to be connected on cave or other pressurized air storage pads, and one or TES unit, more centres are arranged between compressor units and/or the expansion group TES unit fluid, and TES unit fluid be connected on the pressurized air storage pad.TES unit are not to be connected to this or more be connected on the pressurized air storage pad on multi-compressor and one or the more turbines and at the other end place at one end fluid in the middle of these, but all are connected to this or more on multi-compressor and one or the more turbines at its each end place fluid.
About what Fig. 1 discussed, this at least one TES unit 116 possibly receive great pressure (65-85 crust) and temperature (up to 650 ℃) influence in the operation period of ACAES system 100 as above.As a result, this at least one TES unit 116 should be built into such high pressure and the high temperature level of bearing.Referring to Fig. 2, show TES according to an embodiment of the invention system 216.It should be understood that TES system 216 can be used as this at least one the TES unit 116 shown in Fig. 1, thereby the great pressure and temperature relevant with the operation of ACAES system can bear in TES system 216.
Fig. 2 illustrates the viewgraph of cross-section of TES system 216.TES system 216 comprises the coaxial cylindrical pressurized container 218,220 of two separation.Pressurized container 218 comprises the wall 222 with predetermined length and diameter, and the length of its mesospore 222 can change from 10-30 rice, and diameter can change from 3-6 rice.Yet pressurized container 218 is not limited to such length and diameter range, and all can be greater or lesser on length and diameter.On the other hand, pressurized container 220 comprises the wall 224 with predetermined length and diameter, and the length of its mesospore 224 can change from 10-30 rice, and diameter can change from 5-12 rice.Yet the same as pressurized container 218, the length of pressurized container 220 and diameter are not limited to above-mentioned scope.Pressurized container 218,220 uses usually and strengthens concrete formation, but can use any suitable material to comprise that steel forms.Equally, pressurized container 218,220 is not limited to have any suitable shape being cylindrical in shape but can form.
As clear illustrated among Fig. 2, pressurized container 218 is arranged in the boundary of internal capacity of pressurized container 220.The internal capacity of pressurized container 218 has comprised the hot storage medium 226 of porous therein, and the internal capacity of pressurized container 220 has comprised the hot storage medium 228 of porous therein.The hot storage medium 226,228 of porous can be made up of identical hot storage medium, perhaps alternatively, can be made up of different hot storage mediums.
As above discuss similarly about Fig. 1; TES system 216 is configured to admit pressurized air from least one compressor; Thereby pressurized air gets into corresponding pressurized container 218,220 at first end, 230 places, and leaves corresponding pressurized container 218,220 at second end, 232 places, makes pressurized air can be stored in the pressurized air storage unit; Perhaps alternatively, can offer additional compressor and/or turbine (under the situation of multistage ACAES system).Come to be stored in the hot storage medium 226,228 of corresponding porous since the compressed-air actuated heat that this at least one compressor receives.Under the pressurized air situation that is used to generate electricity of storage, the pressurized air of storage gets into corresponding pressurized container 218,220 again at second end, 232 places, and when its during through the hot storage medium of corresponding porous 226,228 quilt heat again.The air of heating leaves corresponding pressurized container 218,220 at first end, 230 places then again, here its be provided for one or more the steaminess turbine to drive generator.
Be different from the conventional TES system with single pressurized container, TES system 216 makes pressurized container 218,220 can admit the pressurized air with different relevant pressure levels.In other words; Pressurized container 218 can be configured to from this or more multi-compressor and pressurized air storage unit both receive the high pressure air input, and pressurized container 220 can be configured to from this or more multi-compressor and pressurized air storage unit receive the low-pressure compressed air input.In one embodiment, pressurized container 218 is configured to admit the pressure of (and bearing) 40-80 crust, and pressurized container 220 is configured to admit the pressure of (and bearing) 5-20 crust.Because pressurized container 218 has the little diameter of specific pressure container 220 (and therefore lower tension force), pressurized container 218 can bear higher pressure, even the thickness of wall 222 maybe be less than the thickness of wall 224.And because pressurized container 218 is arranged in the internal capacity of pressurized container 220, the low-pressure compressed air through the hot storage medium 228 of porous is used for reducing through the pressure difference between the outside air of the pressurized air of pressurized container 218 and pressurized container 218.The wall of typical single pressurized container can be surrounded by ambient air pressure; And because pressurized container 218 is passed through the low-pressure compressed air encirclement of pressurized container 220; Tension force in the wall 222 is reduced, and thereby wall 222 can be built into be used in conventional TES system in pressurized container compare and have the thickness that greatly reduces.In addition, because pressurized container 220 is influenced by low-pressure compressed air, the thickness of wall 224 also can be much littler than the thickness of conventional TES pressurized container.
In addition; When with conventional TES systematic comparison; Heat loss from pressurized container 218 also is reduced, because the pressurized air through pressurized container 218 and much littler than the temperature difference between the surrounding atmosphere of pressurized air through conventional TES unit and encirclement through the temperature difference between the pressurized air of pressurized container 220.Therefore, though wall 222 is thinner than conventional pressure vessel wall, because the coaxial monolithic construction of the pressurized container 218,220 of TES system 216, heat loss is reduced.
As shown in Figure 2, because TES system 216 is by the constituting of pressurized container 218 and pressurized container 220, corresponding pressurized container 218,220 can be built into and bear whole high pressure and high temperature, but has the wall thickness of minimizing.Thereby, build and much little than typical TES system of the cost of transportation TES system 216 and complexity, and have the attendant advantages of littler pressurized container, and therefore totally the TES system base is littler.
Referring now to Fig. 3,, illustrates according to another embodiment of the invention.Fig. 3 has schematically shown TES system 316, and it comprises the pressurized container 318,320,322 of three separation that fluid arranged side by side ground is arranged.First pressurized container 318 has wall 324, the second pressurized containers 320 that surround hot storage medium 334 and has the wall 326 that surrounds hot storage medium 336, and the 3rd pressurized container 322 has the wall 328 that surrounds hot storage medium 338.Imagining corresponding pressurized container 318,320,322 can likewise build, but embodiments of the invention are not limited to so.
Pressurized container 318,320,322 is arranged such that closely the pressurized air from least one compressor can get into corresponding pressurized container at first end, 330 places of pressurized container 318,320,322.Pressurized air passes pressurized container 318,320,322, thereby is hunted down and is stored in the corresponding hot storage medium 334,336,338 from compressed-air actuated heat.Pressurized air leaves corresponding pressurized container at second end, 332 places of pressurized container 318,320,322 then; It is stored in cave or other pressurized air storage devices here; Perhaps alternatively; Be provided for additional compressor and/or turbine, as above about Fig. 2 similarly as described in.Under the pressurized air situation that is used to generate electricity of storage, the pressurized air of storage gets into corresponding pressurized container 318,320,322 again at second end, 332 places, and when its during through the hot storage medium of corresponding porous 334,336,338 quilt heat again.The air of heating leaves corresponding pressurized container 318,320,322 at first end, 330 places then again, here its be provided for one or more the steaminess turbine to drive generator.
Although Fig. 3 has shown the pressurized container 318,320,322 of three separation, the invention is not restricted to the concrete quantity of pressurized container, and can comprise the pressurized container of any amount of close arrangement or combination.Preferably; Pressurized container 318,320,322 is arranged to triangular array, makes the corresponding wall 324,326,328 of pressurized container 318,320,322 be positioned to be closely adjacent to each other and (for example, separates in several centimetres; And be no more than one meter), as illustrated among Fig. 4.If there is more or less pressurized container, can use other geometrical arrangements such as hexagonal array, to guarantee that pressurized container is closely located.Through such layout, can heat insulation layer 340 only be centered on the periphery setting of the pressurized container 318,320,322 that closely combines, and thereby can minimize heat loss, thermal stress and/or the heat gradient in the respective wall 324,326,328.In this way, the design and the construction of TES system 316 have been simplified, because avoided around the independent heat insulation layer of each pressurized container 318,320,322 setting.
Through utilizing a plurality of pressurized containers that closely combine, TES system 316 can bear high temperature and high pressure effectively and need not make single TES unit both have major diameter has very big wall thickness requirement.Thereby TES system 316 allows in the ACAES system with the system dimension that reduces and weight thermal energy storage efficiently, thus eliminated maybe with relevant many construction and the transportation problem of conventional TES system.
Fig. 5 illustrates according to another embodiment of the invention.TES unit 416 comprises the pressurized container with cylindrical wall 418, and cylindrical wall 418 is around the hot storage medium 420 that is arranged on wherein.TES unit 416 is similar to above TES system 216 and 361 operations of describing about Fig. 2 and 3, thereby gets into TES unit 416 at first end, 422 places from the pressurized air of at least one compressor.Pressurized air is hunted down from compressed-air actuated heat with permission through hot storage medium 420 and is stored in the TES unit 416.Pressurized air leaves TES unit 416 at second end, 424 places then, and it is stored in cave or other pressurized air storage unit here, is used for after being used for generating electricity.
Referring now to Fig. 6,, illustrates according to another embodiment of the invention.Although conventional TES unit be built into through the network fluid of pipes/ducts be connected to the ground heat storage unit on cave or other pressurized air storage unit, illustrated TES system 516 comprises and is configured to be arranged on the TES unit 518 below the ground level among Fig. 6.Particularly, TES unit 518 comprises wall 520, and wall 520 surrounds the hot storage medium 522 of porous therein.The class of operation of TES unit 518 is similar to above operation about the described TES of Fig. 2-5 unit, and thereby the operation details will no longer repeat.Though TES unit 518 is shown as individual unit, it should be understood that TES unit 518 can construct in many ways, comprise above about the described layout of Fig. 2-5.
TES unit 518 is attached in the hoistway 524 in cave 526, thereby the wall 520 of TES unit 518 is enclosed in sill/soil 528, makes TES unit 518 be arranged on ground level 530 times.Pressurized air from least one compressor gets into TES unit 518 at first end, 532 places, and leaves TES unit 518 at second end, 534 places.Pressurized air is stored in the cave 526 then, is used for being used at last in the electric power generation that kind as previously discussed.
Because the TES unit 518 of TES system 516 is positioned at ground level 530 times, and wall 520 surrounds by sill/soil 528, and the thickness of wall 520 (and the thickness that surrounds any thermal-protective coating (not shown) of wall 520) can greatly reduce.High tension in the wall 520 that 528 pairs in sill/soil is brought by the high pressure in the wall 520 provides natural reaction, and sill/soil 528 also provides natural heat insulation with the heat loss in the minimizing system.In addition, TES unit 518 is combined in the ground pedestal that can reduce ACAES equipment in the hoistway 524 in cave 526.In addition, TES system 516 has overcome a manufacturing relevant with some conventional TES systems and a transportation difficult problem, thereby has reduced cost and simplified the enforcement of TES unit in the ACAES system.
Therefore; According to one embodiment of present invention; Disclose a kind of thermal energy storage system, this thermal energy storage system comprises a plurality of pressurized containers that are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other, and each pressurized container all has the wall that comprises outer surface and internal surface; This internal surface and this outer surface are separated by corresponding wall thickness, and surround the internal capacity of this pressurized container.This internal capacity has and one or multi-compressor and one or more turbines first end that becomes fluid to be communicated with more, and becomes second end of fluid connection with one or more additional compressors, one or more additional turbines and one of them of at least one pressurized air storage pad.This thermal energy storage system also comprises the hot storage medium in each the internal capacity that is positioned at these a plurality of pressurized containers.
According to another embodiment of the invention; A kind of method that forms thermal energy storage system is disclosed; This method comprises and forms first pressurized container and form second pressurized container, and this first pressurized container has and is built into the wall with predetermined altitude and thickness, and wherein the internal surface of the wall of this first pressurized container limits internal capacity wherein; This second pressurized container is built into the wall with predetermined altitude and thickness, wherein the internal surface of the wall of this second pressurized container restriction internal capacity wherein.This method also comprises the hot storage medium of porous is arranged in each the internal capacity of first pressurized container and second pressurized container, and first pressurized container and second pressurized container are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other.Equally; This method comprises that first end with each of first and second pressurized containers is connected to one or more on the multi-compressor and be connected on one or the more turbines; Make first and second pressurized containers each with this or more multi-compressor and this or more turbines become fluid to be communicated with; And with each second end of first and second pressurized containers be connected to one or more additional compressors, one or more additional turbines and one or more multiple pressure contract on one of them of air storage pad, make each of first and second pressurized containers all with this or more additional compressors, this or more additional turbines and this or more multiple pressure contracts that one of them of air storage pad is individual to become the fluid connection.
According to another embodiment again of the present invention; A kind of thermal energy storage device is disclosed; This thermal energy storage device comprises first concrete cylindrical shape wall that limits first internal capacity and the second concrete cylindrical shape wall that limits second internal capacity; Wherein this second concrete cylindrical shape wall is arranged in first internal capacity of this first concrete cylindrical shape wall, and it is coaxial making win concrete cylindrical shape wall and the second concrete cylindrical shape wall.This thermal energy storage device also comprises in first internal capacity that is arranged on the first concrete cylindrical shape wall and the porous hot radical material in second internal capacity of the second concrete cylindrical shape wall.
This written description usage example comes open the present invention, comprises optimal mode, and makes that also those skilled in the art can embodiment of the present invention, comprises making and using any device or system and carry out any method that combines.The scope that the present invention can obtain patent is defined by the claims, and can comprise other examples that those skilled in the art expect.If describing, the written language of the structure important document of these type of other examples and claim do not have difference; If or equivalence structure important document and the written language description of claim that they comprise do not have substantial difference, then these type of other examples should belong within the scope of claim.
Claims (20)
1. thermal energy storage system comprises:
The a plurality of pressurized containers that are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other, each said pressurized container all has wall, and said wall comprises:
Outer surface; And
Internal surface, it is separated from said outer surface by corresponding wall thickness, and surrounds the internal capacity of said pressurized container, and said internal capacity has:
With one or multi-compressor and one or more turbines first end that becomes fluid to be communicated with more; And
Become second end of fluid connection with one or more additional compressor, one or more additional turbines and one of them of at least one pressurized air storage pad; And
Be positioned at the hot storage medium in the said internal capacity of each said a plurality of pressurized container.
2. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said a plurality of pressurized containers comprise first pressurized container and second pressurized container, and said first pressurized container is arranged in the internal capacity of said second pressurized container.
3. thermal energy storage system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The wall of said first pressurized container has first wall thickness and first diameter, and the wall of wherein said second pressurized container has second wall thickness and second diameter, and wherein said first diameter is less than said second diameter.
4. thermal energy storage system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said first pressurized container is configured to bear than the high stress level of said second pressurized container.
5. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said a plurality of pressurized containers that are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other are according to patterned arrangement, and said pattern comprises the wherein a kind of of triangle pattern and hexagon-shaped pattern.
6. thermal energy storage system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises the periphery heat insulation layer on every side of the said pattern that is arranged on said a plurality of pressurized containers.
7. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said wall of each said a plurality of pressurized container is formed by steel or concrete.
8. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said hot storage medium is arranged on the interior hot storage medium of porous of said internal capacity of each said a plurality of pressurized container.
9. thermal energy storage system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the hot storage medium of said porous comprises at least a natural rock material.
10. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said a plurality of pressurized containers are arranged in the hoistway of cave, and wherein said cave hoistway becomes fluid to be communicated with said at least one pressurized air storage pad, and is positioned under the ground level.
11. thermal energy storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each said a plurality of pressurized container is being cylindrical in shape.
12. a method that forms thermal energy storage system, said method comprises:
Form first pressurized container, said first pressurized container has and is built into the wall with predetermined altitude and thickness, and the internal surface of the said wall of wherein said first pressurized container is the restricted internal volume therein;
Form second pressurized container, said second pressurized container is built into has wall, and said wall has predetermined altitude and thickness, and the internal surface of the said wall of wherein said second pressurized container is the restricted internal volume therein;
The hot storage medium of porous is arranged in each the internal capacity of said first and second pressurized containers;
Said first pressurized container and said second pressurized container are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other;
Each first end of said first and second pressurized containers is connected to one or more on the multi-compressor and be connected on one or the more turbines, make said first and second pressurized containers each with said one or more multi-compressor and said one or more turbines become fluid to be communicated with; And
With each second end of said first and second pressurized containers be connected to one or more additional compressors, one or more additional turbines and one or more multiple pressure contract on one of them of air storage pad, make said first and second pressurized containers each with said one or more additional compressors, said one or more additional turbines and said one or more contract one of them of air storage pad of multiple pressure become the fluid connection.
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, also comprises said first pressurized container is arranged to be arranged in the internal capacity of said second pressurized container.
14. method according to claim 12; It is characterized in that; Comprise also forming at least one additional pressurized container that wherein said first pressurized container, said second pressurized container and said at least one additional pressurized container are arranged to be closely adjacent to each other, to form the group of pressurized container.
15. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises thermoinsulation material is arranged on around the periphery of group of said pressurized container.
16. a thermal energy storage device comprises:
Limit the first concrete cylindrical shape wall of first internal capacity;
Limit the second concrete cylindrical shape wall of second internal capacity; The wherein said second concrete cylindrical shape wall is arranged in said first internal capacity of the said first concrete cylindrical shape wall, makes that said first concrete cylindrical shape wall and the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall are coaxial; And
Be arranged in said first internal capacity of the said first concrete cylindrical shape wall and the porous hot radical material in said second internal capacity of the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall.
17. thermal energy storage device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, the diameter of the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall is less than the diameter of the said first concrete cylindrical shape wall.
18. thermal energy storage device according to claim 16; It is characterized in that; Said first concrete cylindrical shape wall and the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall both have first end and second end; Wherein said first end with one or more multi-compressor and one or more turbines become fluid to be communicated with, and said second end with one or more contract one of them of air storage pad, one or more additional compressors and one or more additional turbines of multiple pressure become the fluid connection.
19. thermal energy storage device according to claim 18; It is characterized in that; First end of the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall is from said one or the more multi-compressor reception pressure input higher than first end of the said first concrete cylindrical shape wall, and second end of the said second concrete cylindrical shape wall receives the pressure input higher than second end of the said first concrete cylindrical shape wall from said at least one pressurized air storage pad.
20. thermal energy storage device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, said porous hot radical material comprises at least a natural rock material.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/627,320 US20110127004A1 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2009-11-30 | Regenerative thermal energy storage apparatus for an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system |
| US12/627320 | 2009-11-30 | ||
| PCT/US2010/051549 WO2011066039A1 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2010-10-06 | Thermal energy storage apparatus for an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system and corresponding method of forming this system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102741524A true CN102741524A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| CN102741524B CN102741524B (en) | 2015-10-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080062743.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102741524B (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2010-10-06 | For adiabatic compression air energy storage system thermal energy storage device and form the compression method of this system |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110127004A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2507493A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5711755B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20120098836A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102741524B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2781894A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2012006234A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011066039A1 (en) |
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| CN103775820A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-07 | 南京工业大学 | Novel coil pipe type ultrahigh-pressure compression air container with heat accumulation function |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2507493A1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| JP5711755B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
| US20110127004A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
| CA2781894A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
| MX2012006234A (en) | 2012-08-15 |
| KR20120098836A (en) | 2012-09-05 |
| JP2013512410A (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| CN102741524B (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| WO2011066039A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
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