CN102735147A - Measuring device and measuring method for straight cone gear pitch cone angle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a straight cone gear measuring technology and discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for a straight cone gear pitch cone angle. The device comprises a test rod matching with standard tooth space of a straight cone gear to be measured, a measuring platform, a fine dial test indicator located on the measuring platform, a sine bar and an adjustable equal-height block, wherein the equal-height block is in cooperation with the sine bar to measure angles; a center rest used for clamping the straight cone gear to be measured is arranged on an upper plane of the sine bar; a connection line between a left center and the right center of the center rest is in parallel with the upper plane of the sine bar; a contact cone is in a center portion of the test rod; two ends of the contact cone are provided with a first measuring circular column and a second measuring circular column, wherein the two measuring circular columns are with a same diameter; an axial line of the two measuring circular columns coincides with a center line of the contact cone. According to the invention, the measuring device has advantages of a small volume, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation; the measuring method has advantages of simple operation, high measuring precision and high efficiency, and measuring in a production field can be realized by using the method.

Description

A kind of measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle and measuring method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the spur bevel gear measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof of spur bevel gear pitch angle.

Background technology

Bevel gear is widely used on the plant equipment such as lathe, automobile, mine, building.Spur bevel gear is the strength member on the grinding machine, and the size and the gear-driven stationarity of the noise when its pitch angle whether accurate directly influences gearing mesh, intensity, flank of tooth contact area are important parameters that influences gear quality.Therefore, the spur bevel gear pitch angle is measured the whether accurate crudy that directly influences gear.But, the spur bevel gear pitch angle have only pure rolling when being a bevel gear with another bevel gear engagement and produce when fricton-tight contact coning angle, be a space angle, the direct measurement of its angle is being perplexed engineering technical personnel with detecting always.

At present, factory still adopts approximate way that the spur bevel gear pitch angle is measured, and specifically uses gear mesh roller or double gearing apparatus; The bevel gear that will match meshes rolling; If no mating gear also need be made the calibration gear and could judge the contact situation of pitch circle awl through observing contact (area) pattern to rolling; This method is difficult to accurately measure the actual angle of spur bevel gear pitch angle, with the interchangeability that directly influences gear.Therefore, people press for the size of knowing the spur bevel gear pitch angle or to its detection aborning, thereby the adjustment of lathe, the quality inspection and the external coordination of gear are checked and accepted when instructing bevel gear processing.

Summary of the invention

For remedying above-mentioned defective; The technical matters that the present invention will solve is measurement mechanism and the measuring method thereof that proposes a kind of spur bevel gear pitch angle; Can calculate the spur bevel gear pitch angle through measuring; Detect the crudy of spur bevel gear pitch angle, and the effective machining precision of verification spur bevel gear.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be achieved.

Technical scheme one:

A kind of measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle; Comprise with check rod, the measuring table of the pairing of the standard teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured, place dial test indicator on the measuring table, sine gauge and with the adjustable isometry block of sine gauge conjunction measuring angle; The last plane of said sine gauge is provided with the centrre rest that is used for clamping spur bevel gear to be measured; The left and right top line of said centrre rest is parallel to the last plane of sine gauge; The centre of said check rod is the contact cone; The two ends of said contact cone are provided with first, second identical measurement right cylinder of diameter, and said first, second measures cylindrical axis and the said center line that contacts cone extends coincidence.

The characteristics of technique scheme are with further improving:

(1) cone angle of the contact cone of said check rod

Outside diameter Length

The design parameter that wherein comprises spur bevel gear to be measured, φ are reference cone angle, α _fBe gear compound graduation circle pressure angle, z is the number of teeth, and m is a modulus.

(2) the big end of said contact cone is provided with the axial location shaft shoulder.

(3) be provided with annular recess between the small end of said contact cone and the big end.

(4) said contact cone length is greater than the width of the flank of tooth of spur bevel gear to be measured.

(5) on the said centrre rest at least one top be half top.

(6) said adjustable isometry block can adopt gauge block combination replacement.

Technical scheme two:

A kind of measuring method of spur bevel gear pitch angle, the measurement mechanism based on above-mentioned spur bevel gear pitch angle is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: at first, dial test indicator, sine gauge are placed on the measuring table; Secondly, straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured is fixed on the centrre rest, check rod is fixed in the teeth groove of straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured, utilize adjustable isometry block to prop sine gauge desired height on one side, form the given theoretical pitch angle value of drawing through industrial plasticine; Then; Utilize lever-type micrometer to measure first, second respectively and measure cylinder height; If difference in height is zero, explain that then the pitch angle of tested spur bevel gear equates with the measuring table angle that sine gauge and isometry block are formed, and proves that the pitch angle of tested gear equates with theoretical pitch angle.If difference in height is non-vanishing, then calculate the deviation of trying to achieve actual pitch angle and theoretical pitch angle through trigonometric function.

The equivalent processes of technical scheme two is based on the measurement mechanism of above-mentioned spur bevel gear pitch angle, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: at first, dial test indicator, sine gauge are placed on the measuring table; Secondly, straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured is fixed on the centrre rest, check rod is fixed in the teeth groove of straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured, one side utilize adjustable isometry block to prop first, second measurement right cylinder basic horizontal that makes check rod of sine gauge through plasticine; Then, finely tune adjustable isometry block and utilize the dial test indicator measurement to make first, second measure the right cylinder equal altitudes; At this moment, sine gauge is the actual pitch angle of the corresponding teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured with the angle of measuring table.

In the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear of the present invention; On sine gauge, be provided with centrre rest; Spur bevel gear to be measured with about two top being fixed on the centrre rest; Check rod is fixed on industrial plasticine in the teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured, and the axial location shaft shoulder that the big end of check rod is provided with is as on the conical surface of locating surface near the outer auxiliary circular cone of the big end of spur bevel gear; Then, utilize adjustable isometry block to prop sine gauge constitution theory pitch angle on one side; At last; Utilize lever-type micrometer to measure first, second respectively and measure cylinder height; If difference in height is zero, explain that then the pitch angle of tested spur bevel gear equates with the measuring table angle that sine gauge and isometry block are formed, and proves that the pitch angle of tested gear equates with theoretical pitch angle; If difference in height is non-vanishing, then calculate the deviation of trying to achieve actual pitch angle and theoretical pitch angle through trigonometric function.

Measurement mechanism volume of the present invention is little, and low cost of manufacture is easy to use; Measuring method is simple to operate, and measuring accuracy is high, efficient is high, can be implemented in the measurement of production scene.Significance of the present invention is, calculates the spur bevel gear pitch angle through measuring, and can detect the crudy of spur bevel gear pitch angle, the machining precision of effective verification spur bevel gear, the level of processing of raising spur bevel gear.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is done further explain.

Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism structural representation of spur bevel gear pitch angle in the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is the spur bevel gear cross-sectional schematic;

Fig. 3 is the big end cut-open view of check rod and spur bevel gear to be measured in the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 be in the embodiment of the invention Fig. 3 along the perspective view of I-I direction;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of check rod in the embodiment of the invention;

Wherein, 1-centrre rest; The 2-dial test indicator; The 3-check rod; The 4-spur bevel gear; The 5-sine gauge; The adjustable isometry block of 6-; 7-half is top; The 8-trip bolt; The 9-measuring table; Φ _d-point circle cone angle; Φ-reference cone angle; Φ _g-root angle; Φ ₁-addendum angle; Φ ₂-dedendum angle; The b-face width of tooth; The outer auxiliary circle awl of H-; S _n-circular tooth thickness; The S-axial location shaft shoulder; B-contacts cone; P ₁-the first measures right cylinder; P ₂-the second measures right cylinder.

Embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1 and combine Fig. 5, the measurement mechanism concrete structure of spur bevel gear of the present invention is described.The measurement mechanism of the spur bevel gear pitch angle of present embodiment; Mainly comprise check rod 3 with the pairing of the standard teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured; Measuring table 9; Place dial test indicator 2 on the measuring table 9, sine gauge 5 and with the adjustable isometry block 6 of sine gauge 5 conjunction measuring angles, the last plane of sine gauge 5 is provided with the centrre rest 1 that is used for clamping spur bevel gear to be measured, requires the left and right top line of centrre rest to be parallel to the last plane of sine gauge.

The centrre rest 1 that on sine gauge 5, is provided with is fixed on spur bevel gear 4 usefulness left and right top 7 to be measured on the centrre rest 1, and it is partly top that here left top is set to, and trip bolt 8 will be used for top locking.The industrial plasticine of check rod 3 usefulness is fixed in the teeth groove of spur bevel gear 4 to be measured, and the locating surface of the check rod 3 big end axial location shaft shoulders will abut against on the conical surface of the outer auxiliary circle awl of the big end of conical gear; One end of sine gauge 5 is propped with adjustable isometry block 6, and this adjustable isometry block 6 available standards gauge blocks combination replaces.

The centre of check rod 3 is contact cone B, and the two ends of contact cone B are provided with identical first, second measurement right cylinder P ₁, P ₂, first, second measures right cylinder P ₁, P ₂Axis and the center line that contacts cone B extend to overlap.The big end of contact cone B is provided with the axial location shaft shoulder of annular, and the medial surface of the axial location shaft shoulder is as the conical surface of locating surface near the outer auxiliary circle awl of straight-tooth spur bevel gear 4 big ends H; Wherein, contact cone B length is provided with annular recess greater than the face width of tooth of spur bevel gear 4 to be measured between the small end of contact cone B and the big end, and this annular recess length is decided to be 1/4 of length overall, and the height of this annular recess is S ₁

During measurement, at first dial test indicator 2, sine gauge 5 are placed on the measuring table 9; Secondly; Spur bevel gear 4 to be measured is fixed on the centrre rest 1, check rod 3 is fixed in the teeth groove of spur bevel gear 4 to be measured, utilize adjustable isometry block 6 to prop sine gauge 5 desired height on one side through industrial plasticine; Form the given theoretical pitch angle value of drawing; Then, utilize lever-type micrometer to measure first, second respectively and measure cylinder height, if difference in height is zero; The pitch angle that tested spur bevel gear then is described equates with the measuring table angle that sine gauge and isometry block are formed, and proves that the pitch angle of tested gear equates with theoretical pitch angle.If difference in height is non-vanishing, then calculate the deviation of trying to achieve actual pitch angle and theoretical pitch angle through trigonometric function.

With reference to Fig. 2 and combine Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the design and the measuring principle of check rod is described.Φ among the figure _dBe the point circle cone angle, Φ is a reference cone angle, Φ _gBe root angle, Φ ₁Be addendum angle, Φ ₂Be dedendum angle, b is the face width of tooth, and H is outer auxiliary circle awl, S _nBe circular tooth thickness, pe is that addendum line, fg are that dedendum line, eg are that big end tooth is high, and pf is the small end tooth depth, O ₁O ₂Be calibration circular cone cone angle line, concerning the normal conical gear of non-displacement, the pitch circle awl coincides together with the calibration circular cone, therefore, and O ₁O ₂Also be pitch circle awl cone angle line, b then is the face width of tooth.

Technical scheme matter of utmost importance of the present invention is the check rod 3 that designs and produces out with the pairing of the standard teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured; Its principle of design is: when check rod 3 is put into the teeth groove of spur bevel gear, on the point of contact A of two contact buses and gear on the check rod 3, the calibration circular cone line that C should drop on the flank of tooth.

This shows, the design of check rod 3 each parameter size with confirm particularly importantly, combine accompanying drawing 5 concrete introductions down as the design of each parameter by accompanying drawing 3 below: the outside diameter d that contacts cone; The length t of contact cone; The cone angle of cone; The cylindrical diameter d of the measurement of check rod ₁Diameter d with the axial location shaft shoulder ₂Check rod 3 total lengths and other Determination of Parameters.

(1) design of the outside diameter d of contact cone:

The distance of the outside diameter d of contact cone and the last two point of contact A of gear compound graduation circle, C

Reference circle upward pressure angular direction line ON and reference circle velocity reversal line O ' T, the gear compound graduation circle pressure angle α of formation _f=20 °, in the triangle OAO ' of Fig. 3: m is the modulus of gear, α _fBe gear compound graduation circle pressure angle, ∠ OAO '=α 1=20 °, ${\mathrm{AO}}^{\&prime;}=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;\; <figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png,HDA00001847481100022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}{4},$ Therefore, $\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}{2}=\mathrm{AO}=\frac{{\mathrm{AO}}^{\&prime;}}{\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_f}=\frac{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;\; <figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png,HDA00001847481100022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}{4}}{\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_f},$ Extrapolate $d=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_f}.$

(2) design of contact cone length t:

The contact cone length t of check rod designs by face width of tooth b; But should be greater than more than the face width of tooth 2mm, this is to be convenient to check rod is put into teeth groove, that is: t=b+2 (t is the length of the contact cone B of check rod); In known

formula; M is the modulus of gear, and L is the spur bevel gear pitch cone radius, and z is the number of teeth of spur bevel gear; φ is a reference cone angle, so

$t=\frac{0.35\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="mz"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">mz</figure-callout>}}{2\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}+2.$

(3) design of the contact cone cone angle of check rod:

Can know that by Fig. 2 the contact cone cone angle of check rod 3 is addendum angle φ ₁2 times, that is:

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=2{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1=2t{g}^{-1}\frac{m}{L}=\frac{\frac{2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m\; mz"\; filenames="HDA00001847481100011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{mz}}}{2\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}=\frac{4\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}{z}$

(4) the measurement cylinder diameter d of check rod ₁With axial location shaft shoulder diameter d ₂Design:

The measurement cylinder diameter d of check rod 3 ₁, location shaft shoulder diameter d ₂Make by oneself by the deviser, generally get d ₁=0.8d, the axial location shaft shoulder is got d ₂=2d is in order to set up reliable axial location benchmark.

(5) check rod total length and other Determination of Parameters:

Check rod total length t ₁Make by oneself by the deviser, generally get t ₁=2t, first measures right cylinder P ₁Length is 0.3t, mainly considers when measuring not interfere with top the second measurement right cylinder P ₂Length is 0.6t; The contact cone has annular recess, and this annular recess length is got 0.4t, and contact cone B remainder length is got 2 * 0.3t=0.6t.Contact cone B design annular recess can reduce the influence of contact cone-shaped bit error to measuring accuracy, has also avoided the influence of profile of tooth morpheme error to measuring accuracy simultaneously.

Introduce the precision of check rod 3 of the present invention below and to influence of measurement error.The principal element that check rod 3 influences measuring accuracy has two:

The firstth, measure body diameter d ₁Require the tolerance of its two ends diameter more little good more; Given dimensional tolerence is ± 0.002mm; If by one end+0.002mm; One end-0.002mm limiting case considers that reference cone angle is produced maximum error of measuring can be tried to achieve by

, in the formula; Modulus m=2mm, z=20, Φ=45 ° bevel gear is that example is calculated ΔΦ

With t ₁=24mm substitution $\mathrm{\&Delta;\; \&phi;}=\&PlusMinus;\frac{{\mathrm{Tg}}^{-1}0.004}{t_1}$ : ΔΦ ≈ ± 34 ".

The secondth, the cone angle of contact cone should equal addendum angle Φ ₁2 times, it also is more little good more requiring error, processing when this depends on the grinding cone angle and measuring accuracy, but mainly be measuring accuracy must use sine gauge 5 to measure.Work as t ₁When equaling 24mm, use specification to be ± 8 " as the measuring error of the narrow type sine gauge 5 of 200mm.

Top two errors are approximately after synthetic

Can know that by above calculating these two errors are very little, its influence can be ignored, and this is the analytical calculation with modulus m=2, the big more t of modulus ₁Big more, precision can be high more.Therefore, measurement mechanism precision of the present invention can be higher.

The measuring method of spur bevel gear pitch angle of the present invention, the measurement mechanism based on above-mentioned spur bevel gear pitch angle specifically may further comprise the steps:

At first, dial test indicator 2, sine gauge 5 are placed on the measuring table 9;

Secondly, spur bevel gear 4 to be measured is fixed on the centrre rest 1, through industrial plasticine check rod 3 is fixed in the teeth groove of straight-tooth circular cone tooth 4 to be measured, the given point of theory of drawing is formed with flat board in the one side that utilizes adjustable isometry block 6 to prop sine gauge 5;

At last, the dial test indicator 2 on the traverse measurement platform 9, rotating bevel gear 4 makes first of its side head and check rod 3 measure right cylinder P simultaneously ₁Contact, the position of the revolution turning point of observation pointer is measured cylindrical peak exactly, and shift lever clock gauge 2 and second is measured right cylinder P at this moment ₂If contact measurement is same P ₁Deng high, explain that tested pitch angle equates with point of theory.If P ₂Be higher than P ₁, tested pitch angle is described greater than theoretical value, if P ₂Be lower than P ₁, explain that tested pitch angle is less than theoretical value.As for the big I of deviation through corresponding trigonometric function computing formula, obtain actual pitch angle and with the difference of theoretical pitch angle.

The actual pitch angle of spur bevel gear to be measured of actual measurement gained of the present invention and the desirable pitch angle of design are compared, and effectively the machining precision of verification spur bevel gear is obtained high-quality spur bevel gear.

The present invention also has numerous embodiments, in every case in the spirit of invention and essential scope, any change of being done, is equal to replacement and improves, all within the protection domain of inventing.

Claims (8)

1. the measurement mechanism of a spur bevel gear pitch angle; Comprise with check rod, the measuring table of the pairing of the standard teeth groove of spur bevel gear to be measured, place dial test indicator on the measuring table, sine gauge and with the adjustable isometry block of sine gauge conjunction measuring angle; The last plane of said sine gauge is provided with the centrre rest that is used for clamping spur bevel gear to be measured; The left and right top line of said centrre rest is parallel to the last plane of sine gauge; The centre of said check rod is the contact cone; The two ends of said contact cone are provided with first, second identical measurement right cylinder of diameter, and said first, second measures cylindrical axis and the said center line that contacts cone extends coincidence.

2. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cone angle of the contact cone of said check rod

Outside diameter

Length

The design parameter that wherein comprises spur bevel gear to be measured, φ are reference cone angle, α _fBe gear compound graduation circle pressure angle, z is the number of teeth, and m is a modulus.

3. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the big end of said contact cone is provided with the axial location shaft shoulder.

4. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with annular recess between the small end of said contact cone and the big end.

5. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said contact cone length is greater than the width of the flank of tooth of spur bevel gear to be measured.

6. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, on the said centrre rest at least one top be half top.

7. the measurement mechanism of spur bevel gear pitch angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said adjustable isometry block can adopt gauge block combination replacement.

8. the measuring method of a spur bevel gear pitch angle, the measurement mechanism based on the described spur bevel gear pitch angle of claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: at first, dial test indicator, sine gauge are placed on the measuring table; Secondly, straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured is fixed on the centrre rest, check rod is fixed in the teeth groove of straight-tooth circular cone tooth to be measured, utilize adjustable isometry block to prop sine gauge constitution theory pitch angle on one side through industrial plasticine; Then; Utilize lever-type micrometer to measure first, second respectively and measure cylinder height; If difference in height is zero; The pitch angle that tested spur bevel gear then is described equates with the measuring table angle that sine gauge and adjustable isometry block are formed, and proves that the pitch angle of tested gear equates with theoretical pitch angle; If difference in height is non-vanishing, then through trigonometric function calculate try to achieve actual pitch angle and with the deviation of theoretical pitch angle.

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