CN102720148B - Low-cost mountainous-area expressway tunnel entrance vehicle speed control facility designing method - Google Patents
Low-cost mountainous-area expressway tunnel entrance vehicle speed control facility designing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost mountainous-area expressway tunnel entrance vehicle speed control facility designing method which comprises the following steps of: setting red-and-white mark lines and road-side road surface and in-road lane line raised road signs on the side wall of the tunnel entrance, the lower edge of curb and the plane of the overhauling way at a space of 1.5-3m to form a high-frequency vision information flow; setting intermediate-frequency information at the tunnel entrance in the advancing direction every 20-30m, setting 3 layers of delineators on each side wall of the tunnel from top to bottom, setting a side wall vertical mark line and 2 side wall white broken lines, and setting a transverse staggered vision mark line and 2 white broken lines on the road surface to form an intermediate-frequency vision information flow; and forming a retroreflection illumination system from the retroreflecting materials by use of the high and intermediate-frequency vision information. Road-side road surface raised road signs and transverse deceleration mark lines (consisting of transverse vibration mark lines and transverse staggered vision mark lines) are arranged in front of the tunnel entrance, and the longitudinal space of the transverse deceleration mark lines turns smaller at first and then becomes stable to form a tunnel pre-deceleration system. The retroreflection illumination system and the deceleration system form the tunnel entrance vehicle speed control facility which realizes reasonable transition of the vehicle speed at the tunnel entrance and is suitable for the mountainous-area expressway tunnel entrance with the speed limit of 60-80km/h.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing of low cost mountain highway tunnel portal, adopt this method for designing to realize tunnel portal lighting energy saving and the coordination of tunnel traffic safety benefit.
Background technology
Tunnel portal illumination and speed of a motor vehicle transition are violent, and hypervelocity is general, knocks into the back, hits side wall Frequent Accidents." the JTJ026.1-1999 highway tunnel ventilation Lighting Design specification " of promulgating for 1999, " the JTG/T D 71-2004 Design of Traffic Engineering Facilities of Highway Tunnels specification " of promulgating for 2004, make the electromechanical facility configuration in highway in China tunnel reach very high level.For freeway tunnel, according to China's national standard, illumination is set, often prolong a kilometer tunnel illumination load and should be not less than 60kW.Because the illumination requirement of tunnel portal section and changeover portion is higher, total electric weight of its consumption accounts for greatly the more than 20% of tunnel total energy consumption.Be that the electric weight that annual tunnel portal place will consume is hundreds of thousands unit left and right.Thereby cause highway tunnel electromechanical equipment afford to join, can not afford; In the actual operation of a lot of speedways in mountainous region in middle and western China, because the traffic volume is less, therefore daytime, the tunnel portal rate of turning on light was lower, even do not turn on light completely, cause light and shade transition extremely violent, wherein have or not the light and shade interface of sunlight, by tunnel be divided in hole, outside hole, daytime, illumination was sharply transitioned into hundreds of lux from several ten thousand luxs, cause in driver's darkness adaptation process, because the speed of a motor vehicle is higher, the blind phase of vision that as easy as rolling off a log generation on physiology " is blackened the name of for two one ", be difficult to depending on recognizing transport information in tunnel, easily cause tunnel hypervelocity behavior.In tunnel, speed limit is generally than the low 20 ~ 40km/h of normal section speed limit simultaneously, and tunnel portal lacks corresponding object of reference, and driver is difficult to accurately judge the speed of a motor vehicle and spacing, easily adopts violent deceleration behavior at tunnel portal, also can bring out and knock into the back, hits tunnel sidewalls accident.As Fig. 1 is certain speed limit 60km/h freeway tunnel entrance present situation speed of a motor vehicle transition figure and desirable speed of a motor vehicle transition figure.
Existing tunnel lighting criteria is too conservative, is necessary, for cause of accident and form, tunnel illumination and safety device are set.Existing tunnel illumination theory is based upon in tunnel on dangerous obstacles discriminance analysis basis, be that driver can be effectively depending on recognizing the obstruction of traveling lane center 10cm size within the scope of stopping sight distance, too conservative, also unnecessary for China's mountainous region in middle and western China highway tunnel that the traffic volume is less.Therefore necessary according to accident form (knocking into the back, hit side wall) and cause of accident (hypervelocity), by promoting the recognition capability of driver to side wall, front vehicles, be specially speed of a motor vehicle control, spacing hold facility, to reach the unification of tunnel portal traffic engineering facilities safety and benefit.
Be applied based on light stream rate method for controlling driving speed.Light stream rate is considered to affect the very important visual factor of speed perception.Light stream rate is people while moving, and in space, each point is through the relative velocity in the visual field.Chinese scholars is carried out making for promoting highway environment perception of velocity of speed control in traffic " unconscious " by light stream rate, Liu Bing is (Wuhan University of Technology in Master's thesis " speed of a motor vehicle control based on driver's visual perception and the research of lane keeping mechanism ", 2008) show that by psychophysical testing working as light stream rate is less than 2Hz, or while being greater than 32Hz, driver there will be speed to underestimate, light stream rate is in the time of 4Hz ~ 16Hz, experimenter has produced and has over-evaluated speed, and wherein light stream rate is that 12Hz over-evaluates and reaches more than 30%.
Vibration deceleration facilities and the extensive use of buffering fault vision line-marking braking technique.Vibration deceleration facilities has been the technology of a comparative maturity in the U.S., Japan and the developed country such as European, applies very extensive.Road forced controlling speed facility technology recent year has been obtained in the industry very large approval, and a lot of local highway administrative departments and the unit of maintenance are used the pass through pressure control of the speed of a motor vehicle of forced deceleration measure in a large number at the larger highway accident multi-happening section of impact.Abroad mainly contained by the speedway forced deceleration facility of use at present at home: railway spike deceleration strip, thermoplastic vibration speed reduction marking.Speedway buffering fault vision line-marking is also widely used in deceleration facilities simultaneously.
Reflecting material and technology reach its maturity.Along with in recent years, the application of the reflecting materials such as reflective membrane, reflecting piece, reflectorised paint is more and more extensive, and cost is more and more lower, and meanwhile, reflex reflection detection technique is also further perfect, and this has just tamped basis for tunnel internal adopts " reflex reflection illumination ".The maximum feature of reflex reflection technology is the light that makes full use of front lamp of vehicle, by the surface texture of reflecting material, for driver's perception, thereby improve driver's safe sight distance, optimize road means of transportation along the line depending on recognizing effect, allow driver obtain more time, the more impression of strengthening, judge road conditions and obtain tutorial message, so that correct taking safety measures in time.It is the subjective initiative of transferring people with physical means, improves driving safety, is a kind of low cost road safety solution of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
In existing tunnel, be generally to determine the speed of a motor vehicle, spacing by front means of transportation and view information, as pavement strip, delineator, chevron alignment sign etc.But because the transition of tunnel portal illumination is violent, therefore in tunnel, ordinary traffic engineering services are difficult to for driver finds, accident data also shows that their effect is limited.Existing tunnel illumination mainly lays particular emphasis on tunnel illumination that tunnel illumination Energy Saving Control, intelligent lighting system, natural light be combined with artificial light and arranges etc., lessly study based on traffic accident, also cause setting and operation cost higher, traffic safety is not mated with benefit.The existing speed perception method for improving based on visual light flow rate simultaneously, lacks research for sense of direction, distance perspective aspect, also causes driver to be familiar with after local message, and sensitivity declines, and control effect reduces, and even occurs vindictive acceleration.Therefore need badly under the prerequisite of and tunnel traffic safety benefit energy-conservation in guarantee tunnel, from accident form and reason, adopt new tunnel portal illuminator and the design of all the other traffic engineering facilities.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to operation tunnel entrance illumination and control fast facilities design unreasonable, violent in the transition of the tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle, driver's darkness adaptation difficulty, easily brings out the present situation that knocks into the back, hits tunnel sidewalls traffic accident.It is main that tunnel portal front reduction gear facility arranges employing vibration deceleration, and wrong visual sense speed reducing is auxiliary, and transition is auxiliary for vibrating deceleration gradually, and wrong visual sense speed reducing is main, and wherein deceleration size conversion is little-large-little transient mode, to realize steadily deceleration before tunnel portal; After tunnel portal, adopt reflex reflection system, by delineator, side wall and the road kerb lower limb object marking line of different frequency of high-intensity reflecting material composition and side wall elevation marking, road surface horizontal marking, top, hole horizontal marking are set, arrange by high frequency, intermediate frequency multiple tracks visual information, increase substantially the reflex reflection efficiency of tunnel sidewalls, road surface and relevant means of transportation, speed sense, sense of direction, distance perspective in General Promotion driver drives vehicle process, thereby reach the speed of a motor vehicle control behavior in specification and guide tunnel, effectively avoid the object of the generation of accident.
The principle of the invention: when spatial frequency is under 8 ~ 12Hz effect in tunnel, perception velocities is significantly greater than physical speed, is up to more than 30%, and under intermediate frequency, low frequency condition (<2Hz), perception velocities is less than physical speed (referring to Fig. 2).In environment, desirable perception velocities should be advisable than physical speed is bigger (<10%), therefore need high frequency, intermediate frequency information to combine, coordinate mutually with physical speed to reach perception velocities, and realize the permanent mechanism (referring to Fig. 3) of speed control.Simultaneously tunnel is outer according to driver's speed of a motor vehicle compliance, and the ways of deceleration that adopts vibration to combine with visual perception is realized into " early slowing down ", " extenuating speed " before tunnel, thereby reduced into tunnel portal mitigation deceleration, poor to reduce the speed of a motor vehicle.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing, the low-light (level) freeway tunnel entrance that is 60 ~ 80km/h in speed limit, lines protuberant guide post in tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line red and white and trackside road surface, road is set, spacing is 1.5m ~ 3m, Special composition high frequency visual information stream; Every 20 ~ 30m, intermediate frequency information is set in direction of advance, tunnel portal arranges 4 roads altogether, the every avris wall in tunnel arranges 3 layers of delineator from top to bottom, the vertical graticule of side wall and 2 road side wall white broken lines are set, the vertical graticule of side wall or extend to hole top, the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface and 2 road surface white broken line are set, jointly form space intermediate frequency visual information stream; Its high frequency, intermediate frequency vision system all adopt high strength retroreflective material, thereby form reflex reflection illuminator; Deceleration system based on vibration perception and visual perception is set before tunnel portal, this system is containing trackside road surface protuberant guide post and 7 road speed reduction markings, per pass speed reduction marking is the combination of road surface oscillation crosswise graticule and the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface, between deceleration area, be that 110 ~ 130m(is 60km/h according to tunnel speed limit, 80km/h determines), in tunnel direction, per pass speed reduction marking spacing is first dwindled, stable afterwards, thus form tunnel front reduction gear system; In tunnel, reflex reflection illuminator and tunnel portal front reduction gear system form tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device system jointly, to realize the reasonable transition of the tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle.
In method of the present invention, utilize tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line red and white, and lane line protuberant guide post in trackside road surface, road, the high frequency visual information stream that Special composition frequency is 8 ~ 12hz, to promote driver's speed sense.
In method of the present invention, enter hole direction 4 road intermediate frequency visual information streams are set at tunnel portal, spacing is 20 ~ 30m.Per pass intermediate frequency information comprises delineator on side wall, the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface, the vertical graticule of side wall, side wall white broken line and road surface white broken line.The longitudinal intermediate frequency of first is for entering hole 10m, the 4th road is tunnel portal 90m ~ 130m, 3 layers of differing heights delineator are set on the every side wall in tunnel, and (delineator height, width are 2 times of normal size, to guarantee to enter in tunneling process accurately depending on recognizing), and the vertical graticule of side wall is set, 2 road side wall white broken lines are set simultaneously; The horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking of road surface horizontally set, and 2 road surface white broken lines are set simultaneously, jointly forming spatial frequency is the intermediate frequency visual information stream of 0.5 ~ 1.0Hz, to improve distance perception and the direction consciousness of driver in driving.
In method of the present invention, the high-frequency information of hoisting velocity consciousness level mainly comprises tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line red and white, the freeway tunnel that is 60 ~ 80km/h for design speed, its spatial frequency is 8 ~ 12Hz, spacing is got 1.5 ~ 3m, and mark line height red and white is no more than 60cm; In tunnel, in side-of-pavement line outside and road, lane line is set up protuberant guide post simultaneously, arranges with mark line same frequency red and white.Arranging of high frequency sensitive information stream can provide instantaneous velocity consciousness, increases Driver Vision psychological responses, and guarantees that the driver's perception velocities in vehicle operating process is significantly greater than physical speed.
In method of the present invention, the intermediate frequency information of direction of improvement consciousness level is mainly the vertical graticule of side wall, side wall white broken line, side wall delineator and Dong Ding, road surface horizontal marking, road surface white broken line, the freeway tunnel that is 60 ~ 80km/h for design speed, it is 0.5 ~ 1.0Hz that spatial frequency is set, and spacing is 20 ~ 30m; The vertical graticule of side wall is solid white line, and width is 55cm, and 3 road delineators are set on side wall from top to bottom, and spacing is 80 ~ 120cm, bottom highly about 60 ~ 80cm overhead together; Road surface oscillation crosswise graticule is dotted line, and width is 45cm, length along path 45cm, interval 45cm(is with reference to the new national standard high speed toll station speed reduction marking technique of painting); Intermediate frequency information stimulates to provide medium psychoreaction, meets driver's sense of direction and timing.Side wall white broken line and road surface white broken line: line beam overall 300cm, the wide 45cm of lines, 2 road broken line spacing are 5m; Low-frequency information stream can be guaranteed to carry out space confirmation with front truck in driver's driving process, meets driver's distance perspective, and road surface oscillation crosswise graticule also can play stroke reminding effect to driver simultaneously.
In method of the present invention, delineator adopts diamond reflecting film, protuberant guide post adopts white two-sided high-strength reflecting film (to consider in actual operation process and easily covered by dust, maintenance difficulties is large, easily partial failure), road surface oscillation crosswise graticule adopts oscillating mode road reflective marker line coating, and all the other metopes and pavement strip adopt all-weather reflective marking.
In method of the present invention, the method that laterally adopts vibration speed reduction marking and parablepsia to feel that speed reduction marking combines before tunnel portal builds tunnel portal front reduction gear system.System is containing 7 road speed reduction markings and trackside road surface protuberant guide post, per pass speed reduction marking is the combination of road surface oscillation crosswise graticule and the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface, last one speed reduction marking be about 30 ~ 50m from hole, between deceleration area, be that 110 ~ 130m(is 60km/h according to tunnel speed limit, 80km/h determines), per pass speed reduction marking spacing is first dwindled, stable afterwards, thereby forms tunnel front reduction gear system.
In method of the present invention, 7 road transversal deceleration graticules are set before tunnel portal, the spacing between speed reduction marking is 18 ~ 30m (speed limit 80km/h in tunnel.Enter hole direction, front 4 track pitches reduce gradually, after 3 track pitches remain unchanged) or 15 ~ 27m (speed limit 60km/h in tunnel, front 4 track pitches reduce gradually, 3 track pitches next remain unchanged), between deceleration area, be 130m (80km/h) or 112m(speed limit 60km/h).
In method of the present invention, enter hole direction, the 7 road transversal deceleration graticules that arrange before tunnel portal, the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking number combination in road surface oscillation crosswise graticule and road surface is followed successively by: 1+1,2+1,2+2,3+2,2+2,2+3,1+3, the mode of little to form-large-little speed transient mode and vibration deceleration disclination optical transition, to reach the deceleration effect that tunnel portal is comfortable, relax.
Invention advantage is as follows:
1) design small scale, high-frequency facade red and white, plane mark line at tunnel portal side wall and road kerb lower edge, in while both sides, road surface, road, lane line arranges the protuberant guide post of same frequency, acting in conjunction, can improve driver's instantaneous perception velocities;
2) many rows delineator of intermediate frequency is set at tunnel portal side wall, tunnel road surface, side wall arrange the white loop wire of horizontal closure of equivalent density simultaneously, acting in conjunction, and guarantee that driver can see at least 4 delineators of direction of advance entering in the driving process of hole, can promote driver's sense of direction.
3) the space confirmation line (white broken line) of intermediate frequency is set on tunnel portal side wall and road surface, can increases driver's distance perspective.
4) show according to simulating lab test, under low-light (level) (1/8 to 1/2 illumination national regulation value arranges environment), low contrast tunnel portal condition, adopt the tunnel portal reflex reflection illumination of this method, in the time of 60 ~ 100km/h speed of a motor vehicle, driver's speed of perception is than large 10% left and right of physical speed, also than large 5% left and right of collision time, cognitive error rate also significantly reduces consciousness collision time (collision time is the key factor that spacing keeps) simultaneously simultaneously; Show the reflex reflection illuminator arranging according to this method, energy General Promotion driver's speed sense, sense of direction, distance perspective.
5) the low cost deceleration facilities of feeling based on vibration and parablepsia of setting before tunnel portal, slows down active to combine with involuntary speed reduction, can realize tunnel portal " slow down morning ", " extenuating speed ", relaxes the darkness adaptation of tunnel portal.
6) this method considers vision control speed and the fast combination of vibration control, improves driver's tunnel portal driving speed of a motor vehicle compliance from active and passive safety two aspects comprehensively, is a kind of typical Human Engineering improvement method, easily for driver understands execution.
7) this method adopts roadmarking and the vision inducible system of high reflective formation cheaply, does not relate to extensive road infrastructure, small investment, and easily, instant effect, can improve tunnel illumination, guarantee tunnel safety in construction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: the tunnel portal present situation speed of a motor vehicle and desirable speed of a motor vehicle transition schematic diagram
Fig. 2: under different light stream rates, perception velocities and physical speed are related to schematic diagram
Fig. 3: desirable perception velocities, actual physics length velocity relation schematic diagram
Fig. 4: tunnel portal traffic safety facilities arranges elevation
Fig. 5: tunnel portal traffic safety facilities arranges plan view
Fig. 6: tunnel portal traffic safety facilities arranges cross-sectional drawing
In figure: lane line protuberant guide post in 1-trackside road surface, road; 2-tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line red and white; 3-delineator; The vertical graticule of 4-side wall; The horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in 5-road surface; 6-road surface white broken line; 7-road surface oscillation crosswise graticule; 8-side wall white broken line; 9-lane line; 10-track edge line; 11-hole washer luminaire.
Detailed description of the invention
1) first clean tunnel sidewalls and road surface, execute lane line protuberant guide post 1 in picture tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line 2 red and white and trackside road surface, road;
2) multilayer delineator 3 is installed from bottom to up on tunnel sidewalls, and executes the vertical graticule 4 of picture side wall and extend to hole top, tunnel road surface arranges the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking 5 in road surface;
3) executing picture two road surface white broken line 6(spacing according to GB is 5m), and the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking 5 of 1 road surface is set between broken line, with the longitudinal same position in road surface, tunnel sidewalls white broken line 8 is set;
4) tunnel portal is installed lane line protuberant guide post 1 in road surface oscillation crosswise graticule 7, the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking 5 in road surface, trackside road surface and road;
5) picture lane line 9, track edge line 10 are executed in inside and outside road surface, tunnel, and hole washer luminaire 11 is installed.
Points for attention:
1) this method is applicable to the freeway tunnel entrance of low-light (level), is a kind of useful supplementing to existing tunnel illuminating system, therefore require to be provided with in tunnel flare-aircraft electric system, and operation illumination can not Close All.
2) this method need to arrange the Warning Mark that please turn on light and travel in tunnel before tunnel portal, is applicable to the highway tunnel that speed limit is 60 ~ 80km/h.
3) in this method, reflex reflection illuminator should be noted maintenance, safeguard in tunnel internal, when delineator reflection coefficient is reduced to 70% when above of design value, should note changing reflective membrane.
4) for normal section, middle part, tunnel, can delineator be set to normal size, delineator spacing can suitably increase; Set up buffering fault vision line-marking, the vibrating graticule of low frequency to realize spacing maintenance, stroke reminding effect simultaneously.
Claims (8)
1. a low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing, it is characterized in that: the low-light (level) freeway tunnel entrance that is 60 ~ 80km/h in speed limit, lane line protuberant guide post (1) in tunnel portal side wall, road kerb lower edge and maintaining roadway plane mark line red and white (2) and trackside road surface, road is set, spacing is 1.5 ~ 3m, common Special composition high frequency visual information stream; Every 20 ~ 30m, intermediate frequency information is set in direction of advance, tunnel portal arranges 4 roads altogether, the every avris wall in tunnel arranges 3 layers of delineator (3) from top to bottom, the vertical graticule of side wall (4) and 2 road side wall white broken lines (8) are set, the vertical graticule of side wall (4) extends to top, hole, the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface (5) and 2 road surface white broken lines (6) are set, jointly form space intermediate frequency visual information stream; Its high frequency, intermediate frequency vision system all adopt high strength retroreflective material, thereby form reflex reflection illuminator; Deceleration system based on vibration perception and visual perception is set before tunnel portal, this system is containing trackside road surface protuberant guide post (1) and 7 road transversal deceleration graticules, per pass speed reduction marking is the combination of road surface oscillation crosswise graticule (7) and the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking in road surface (5), speed reduction marking spacing is first dwindled, stable afterwards, thus form tunnel front reduction gear system; In tunnel, reflex reflection illuminator and tunnel portal front reduction gear system form tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device system jointly, to realize the reasonable transition of the tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle.
2. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the frequency of described spatial high-frequency visual information stream is 8 ~ 12Hz.
3. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the frequency of described space intermediate frequency visual information stream is 0.5 ~ 1.0Hz.
4. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length of described delineator, width, be highly 2 times of specification size, guarantee that reflector length, width are 2 times of normal value, and adopt diamond reflecting film.
5. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in tunnel portal front reduction gear graticule, enter the horizontal buffering fault vision line-marking number combination in direction road surface, tunnel oscillation crosswise graticule and road surface and be followed successively by: 1+1,2+1,2+2,3+2,2+2,2+3,1+3.
6. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in trackside road surface, road, lane line protuberant guide post (1) adopts high-strength reflecting film.
7. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: road surface oscillation crosswise graticule (7) adopts oscillating mode road reflective marker line coating.
8. a kind of low cost mountainous area highway tunnel portal speed of a motor vehicle control device method for designing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: metope and pavement strip adopt all-weather reflective marking.
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| CN102720148A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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