CN102715041B - Intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for solar greenhouse - Google Patents
Intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for solar greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715041B CN102715041B CN 201210187505 CN201210187505A CN102715041B CN 102715041 B CN102715041 B CN 102715041B CN 201210187505 CN201210187505 CN 201210187505 CN 201210187505 A CN201210187505 A CN 201210187505A CN 102715041 B CN102715041 B CN 102715041B
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Abstract
The invention discloses intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for a solar greenhouse. A horizontal rotary main shaft parallel to a rear vertical wall is disposed in front of the rear vertical wall. The rear end of a horizontal support is rotatably connected to a fixed support through a pin. The front end of the horizontal support is connected to one end of the rotary main shaft. The rotary main shaft is capable of rotating around its axis. Two reflecting film fixing and clamping plates are fixedly connected to two ends of the rotary main shaft. A reflecting film is fixedly connected between the two reflecting film fixing and clamping plates. A reflecting face of the reflecting film is a convex face. A motor controller automatically calculates to obtain optimal operational rotation angle of the reflecting film so as to control the rotation angle and rotation direction of a motor. The motor drives the rotary main shaft to rotate so as to drive the reflecting film to rotate, and accordingly the rotation angle of the reflecting film is adjusted to enable reflected sunlight to irradiate a planting area of the solar greenhouse constantly, real-time intelligent regulation of the supplementary lighting device is achieved, and accuracy in light supplement for the planting area of the solar greenhouse is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the greenhouse by solar heat technical field, relate in particular to a kind of greenhouse by solar heat Intelligent supplemental lighting method and apparatus.
Background technology
In the northern China most area, the plantation of the agricultural production between north latitude 35-degree～45 ° close quarters especially, greenhouse by solar heat is widely used as main agricultural production facility.Yet the northern area of China within spring, autumn and winter three seasons, solar radiation intensity and to shine upon the duration all generally on the low side.Less light application time and intensity of illumination, can affect the normal growth of planting plant in greenhouse by solar heat.In order to improve the illumination condition in greenhouse by solar heat, be necessary to take suitable mode, the crop in greenhouse is carried out to light filling.
At present in the correlation technique for the greenhouse by solar heat light filling, the main technical scheme adopted has two kinds: a kind of is the nature light filling, adopt the mode of reflected sunlight, increase the intensity of illumination that shines the planting area available light, improve greenhouse illumination condition by day.Another kind is artificial light filling,, by various lighting apparatus are installed in greenhouse, improves the illumination condition in greenhouse, and this light filling mode is mainly used in night, or in the poor situation of greenhouse illumination condition.The effect of nature light filling depends on the reasonability that sunshine is utilized to a great extent, any time shines the sunray of earth surface, itself and the angle that the horizontal plane that irradiates place becomes, can calculate with formula, and this is for rationally utilizing sunshine that theoretical foundation is provided.The computing formula of sunshine elevation angle is as follows:
, wherein,
for sun altitude,
for the geographic latitude value,
for solar declination,
for hour angle.
In 1 year, the computing formula of any one day solar declination is as follows:
In one day any time hour angle computing formula as follows:
Introduced a kind of method of sunlight greenhouse heating and light supplementing in the patent documentation that Chinese Patent Application No. is 200910082407.2, the method adopts and hang a plurality of bulbs in greenhouse by solar heat, by bulb, is the greenhouse by solar heat light filling.By controlling the switch time of bulb, realize the light filling process is controlled, regulate the installation site of bulb simultaneously, improve the light filling effect of bulb, the method can be improved the illumination condition of greenhouse by solar heat, especially at night, can provide continuous light for crop.But the photosynthesis of green plants, be mainly to carry out by day, and the method light enhancing effect by day will descend much than the light enhancing effect at night.This be mainly because daytime under the impact of sunshine, the light enhancing effect that bulb produces is also not obvious, thereby by day, especially, under bright day gas condition, the method can't be improved the illumination condition in greenhouse by solar heat effectively.
The patent documentation that China Patent No. is 201020239688.6 has been introduced a kind of greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain.This kind of greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain comprises at least one reflector that is arranged on the top, greenhouse, fixture and support, Reflecting curtain utilizes the mode of reflected solar energy to be added lustre to for greenhouse, yet the building height of greenhouse by solar heat ridge is usually all more than 2.6 meters, this greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain is mounted in the top of outside, greenhouse, its physical dimension will be far longer than the size in greenhouse, thereby greatly increased the manufacturing cost of this Reflecting curtain, and higher installation site and exposed Reflecting curtain, the daylighting of row's greenhouse by solar heat after impact, or increased the greenhouse spacing, reduce land utilization rate, simultaneously for the stability of installing, operation maintenance and light enhancing effect all can produce adverse influence, final cost performance and the actual motion effect that reduces this device.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the design feature for greenhouse by solar heat self, provide a kind of simple in structure, easy for installation, use flexibly, the light filling mode rationally, light filling successful and be adapted at light compensation method and the device applied in common greenhouse by solar heat.
The technical scheme that a kind of greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device of the present invention adopts is: be fixed with the fixed support of two contour and left and right layouts on the medial surface of the rear vertical wall of greenhouse by solar heat, rear vertical wall front arranges a horizontally disposed and rotating spindle that parallel with rear vertical wall; The horizontal stand rear end rotatably is connected and fixed support by a bearing pin, an end of horizontal stand front end connection of rotating main shaft, and rotating spindle can rotate around self central shaft; Respectively be fixedly connected with a reflective membrane strap at the rotating spindle two ends, be fixedly connected with a reflective membrane between two reflective membrane straps, the reflective surface of reflective membrane is shaped as convex surface, be fixedly connected with motor retainer bracket and motor controller on the medial surface of rear vertical wall, motor controller connects electromotor by communication cable, electromotor is installed on motor retainer bracket, and an end of rotating spindle is provided with gear, and electromotor coordinates with gear by driving chain; The medium position of horizontal stand bottom surface is fixedly connected with the cuboid vertical baffle, form vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle and horizontal stand, the front end of hound is the cylindrical structure of active card at the vertical angle place, and the rear end of hound is tilted to down by another root bearing pin and rotatably is connected and fixed support.
The technical scheme that the light compensation method of a kind of greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device of the present invention adopts is to comprise the following steps: horizontal stand is positioned at horizontal position, and horizontal stand contacts with the cylinder surface of hound front end with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle forms; Motor controller calculates the rotational angle while obtaining the reflective membrane best effort automatically, controls rotational angle and the rotation direction of electromotor; Electromotor drives the rotating spindle rotation, thereby drives the reflective membrane rotation, and the rotational angle of adjusting reflective membrane makes the sunray of reflection shine all the time the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat.
Motor controller calculates rotational angle automatically
αmethod as follows:
,
θfor sun altitude,
bfor the greenhouse by solar heat span,
hfor horizontal stand 8 centers overhead the height.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, apparatus of the present invention are simple and reasonable, convenient for installation and maintenance, and each main member all can freely be dismantled.Adopt movable support and diagonal brace, both normal operations of assurance device, can carry out folding shrinking by whole device by the position of adjusting pole and diagonal brace again, the working space in the reduction greenhouse by solar heat simultaneously.
2, apparatus of the present invention adopt electromotor as drive unit, utilize automatic automatic controller to control the duty of light compensating apparatus, the real-time intelligent regulation and control of realization to light compensating apparatus, under the prerequisite that guarantees the light filling effect, can reduce greenhouse management personnel's labour intensity, reduce investment and use cost, guarantee again the accuracy to greenhouse by solar heat planting area light filling simultaneously.
3, the inventive method combines automatic control technology with the greenhouse by solar heat light filling, based on physics law and natural conditions, rely on automaton, in conjunction with the geometry information of greenhouse by solar heat and the information of sun altitude, calculate in real time the best effort angle of reflex reflector and the operating angle of automatically regulating in real time reflex reflector, guarantee to the full extent the greenhouse by solar heat planting area, obtain optimum light filling effect in production process.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the front view of greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the right view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the corner of rotating spindle 3
αwith sun altitude
θthe geometrical relationship schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the reflective mode of minute surface, convex surface and the reflecting effect contrast schematic diagram of reflective membrane 7;
When Fig. 5 is the reflective mode of reflective membrane 7 employing convex surface, its physical dimension concerns schematic diagram;
In figure: 1-motor controller, 2-electromotor, 3-fixed support, the 4-rotating spindle, 5-hound, 6-reflective membrane strap, the 7-reflective membrane, 8-horizontal stand, 9-communication cable, vertical wall after 10-, 11-motor retainer bracket, 12-driving chain, the 13-vertical baffle, 14-bearing pin, 16-greenhouse by solar heat planting area mid point, the 17-incident ray, the 18-reflection ray.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-2, greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device of the present invention is arranged on the medial surface of vertical wall 10 after greenhouse by solar heat.Two left and right layouts of fixed support 3, apart from the ground equal altitudes, two fixed supports 3 are bolted on respectively on the medial surface of rear vertical wall 10.A horizontally disposed and rotating spindle 4 that parallel with rear vertical wall 10 is set in rear vertical wall 10 fronts, each fixed support 3 is all by an end of a horizontal stand 8 connection of rotating main shafts 4, horizontal stand 8 rear ends rotatably are connected on fixed support 3 by bearing pin 14, one end of horizontal stand 8 front end connection of rotating main shafts 4, can rotate around self central shaft rotating spindle 4.Respectively be bolted to connection a reflective membrane strap 6 at rotating spindle 4 two ends, reflective membrane strap 6 is along with rotating spindle 4 rotates together, a reflective membrane 7 of fixed installation between two reflective membrane straps 6, reflective membrane 7 rotates with reflective membrane strap 6 simultaneously, the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as convex surface, reflective membrane 7, for the surperficial plastic foil that is coated with metal, can be selected aluminum plating reflective membrane etc.
The fixing welding of medium position cuboid vertical baffle 13 at horizontal stand 8 bottom surfaces, form vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle 13 and horizontal stand 8 like this.The front end of hound 5 is cylindrical structures, and this cylindrical structure active card is at the vertical angle place, and the rear end of hound 5 is tilted to down by another root bearing pin 14 and rotatably is connected and fixed support 3.Like this, horizontal stand 8 and hound 5 all can rotate around the axis of bearing pin 14 separately.
Also be bolted to connection respectively motor retainer bracket 11 and motor controller 1 on the medial surface of rear vertical wall 10, motor controller 1 connects electromotor 2 by communication cable 9, electromotor 2 is fixed on motor retainer bracket 11, and makes electromotor 2 near rotating spindle 4 one ends.On one end of rotating spindle 4, gear is installed, electromotor 2 coordinates with the gear on rotating spindle 4 by driving chain 12, forms the transmission that transmission component is realized motion.Drive rotating spindle 4 by transmission component when electromotor 2 rotates and rotate, the operating position of reflective membrane strap 6 also changes simultaneously, thereby realizes the variation of reflective membrane 7 operating positions.In order to alleviate the weight of rotating spindle 4 self, adapt to the working environment of high humidity in greenhouse, the aluminum alloy materials of rotating spindle 4 employings, the circle that its cross sectional shape is hollow.
When the standard width of a room in an old-style house width in daylight greenhouse is larger (standard width of a room in an old-style house width surpasses 20m), the length of corresponding rotating spindle 4 also can be thereupon elongated, long rotating spindle 4 will affect the transmission of 2 pairs of rotating spindles of electromotor, 4 motions, thereby can at the two ends of rotating spindle 4, an electromotor 2 respectively be installed respectively, at the both ends of rotating spindle 4, gear all is installed, two electromotor 2 coordinate with the gear on rotating spindle 4 both ends by corresponding driving chain 12 respectively, and 1 pair of two electromotor 2 of motor controller carry out Synchronization Control.Utilize the power transmission of two electromotor 2, realize the control of rotating than the rotating spindle of long axis 4 having.
It is galvanized steel that fixed support 3 of the present invention is made material, what the making material of motor retainer bracket 11 and fixed support 3 was all selected is galvanized steel or aluminium alloy, it is aluminum alloy materials or the galvanized steel of the hollow of rectangle or circle that horizontal stand 8 and hound 5 can be selected cross section, and the making material of vertical baffle 13 is galvanized steel.
As shown in Figure 3, the front and back span of supposing greenhouse by solar heat is B, and the setting height(from bottom) on horizontal stand 8 centre distance greenhouse by solar heat ground is H.The in axial direction length of horizontal stand 8 is 1m, identical with Nei working region, greenhouse width.When the anterior incident from greenhouse of a certain moment sun, incident ray 17 is with angle
θwhile inciding on reflective membrane 7, for guaranteeing the reflecting effect of reflex reflector, reflective membrane 7 rotational angles
α,be the corner of rotating spindle 4, make the incident ray that shines reflective membrane 7 point midway places just in time reflex to mid point 16 positions, chamber planting zone.The solar incident ray angle
θwith the reflective membrane rotational angle
αthe calculated relationship that is rotating spindle 4 corners is:
Wherein:
θ---sun altitude, unit °;
b---greenhouse by solar heat span, the m of unit;
h---horizontal stand 8 centers are height overhead, the m of unit.
As shown in Figure 4, the incident ray 17 entered in greenhouse by solar heat can be regarded as without several parallel rays.When the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as minute surface, the reflective mode that is reflective membrane is that minute surface is reflective, and the reflection ray 18 reflected through reflective membrane 7 is also parallel rays, and now the zone of action of reflective membrane 7 is limited, light enhancing effect to the whole planting area in greenhouse weakens, referring to Fig. 4 a.When the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as convex surface, be that the reflective mode of reflective membrane 7 is that convex surface is reflective, reflection ray 18 through reflective membrane 7 reflections is no longer parallel rays, but be the scattered light of divergence form, now the zone of action of reflective membrane 7 increases, light enhancing effect to the whole planting area in greenhouse is strengthened, referring to Fig. 4 b.
According to the contrast of Fig. 4 reflecting effect, reflective membrane 7 of the present invention adopts the reflective mode that reflective surface is convex surface.As shown in Figure 5, shine whole chamber planting zone if make through the light of reflective membrane 7 reflections, need to guarantee the light reflected through reflective membrane 7 topmost, shine the solstics of greenhouse by solar heat planting area, the light reflected bottom through reflective membrane 7, shine the starting point of greenhouse by solar heat planting area.The reflective model of the minute surface of take is basis, carries out the Equivalent Conversion of convex module.By calculating upper and lower two central angles that reflective arc surface is corresponding of reflective membrane 7, finally determine the radius of upper and lower two arc surfaces of reflective membrane 7.Two arc surfaces have public starting point, i.e. the axle center of rotating spindle 4.Suppose that lower central angle corresponding to arc surface is
β 1, the central angle that upper arc surface is corresponding is
β 2.β 1with
β 2computing formula be:
；
Wherein:
h---horizontal stand 8 centers are height overhead, the m of unit;
l---reflective membrane length, the m of unit;
b---greenhouse span, the m of unit;
α---the rotating spindle corner, unit °,
。
Central angle corresponding to the upper and lower end arc surface of reflective membrane 7 and
β 2be the numerical value of real-time change, it is with sun altitude, greenhouse geometry size and reflective membrane length variations.Be simplification device in actual use, the final numerical value of the central angle that two arc surfaces are corresponding, the maximum that choosing obtains as calculated afterwards is
β 1 mAX with
β 2 mAX .After determining the final numerical value of central angle, according to central angle, can calculate and obtain two equivalent redius that arc surface is corresponding
r, computing formula is:
Wherein:
β---the central angle of arc surface
β 1 mAX ,
β 2 mAX .
When greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device of the present invention is in running order, motor controller 1 is according to the angle of the on-site latitude and longitude information of greenhouse by solar heat, different time information, sunray and horizontal plane, again in conjunction with the greenhouse geometry information, the rotational angle while automatically calculating the best effort that obtains reflective membrane 7 and the real-time rotational angle of rotating spindle 4
α, send work order to electromotor 2, control rotational angle and the rotation direction of electromotor 2, electromotor 2 drives rotating spindle 4 rotations, thereby drive reflective membrane 7 rotations, the operating angle of capable of regulating reflective membrane 7, make the sunray of reflection shine all the time the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat.Now horizontal stand 8 is positioned at horizontal position, horizontal stand 8 contacts with the cylinder surface of hound 5 front ends with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle 13 forms, the thrust that relies on horizontal stand 8 deadweights to produce and the frictional force at cylinder surface and vertical angle place, realize that the support of 5 pairs of horizontal stands 8 of hound is fixed.
When light compensating apparatus quits work, mobile hound 5, hound 5 can be around the axial-movement of another root bearing pin 14, hound 5 cylinder surfaces and vertical angle place are disengaged, hound 5 and horizontal stand 8 can be changed to vertical folded state by duty, like this, by changing the contact condition of hound 5 and horizontal stand 8, can change the position of horizontal stand 8, by horizontal stand 8 is carried out to the folding shrinking processing, realize the folding shrinking of whole light compensating apparatus, both avoided damaging light compensating apparatus in the greenhouse management process, can effectively reduce again greenhouse management personnel's working space.
Claims (3)
1. a greenhouse by solar heat Intelligent supplemental lighting method, adopt the greenhouse by solar heat intelligent light supplementing device, be fixed with the fixed support (3) of two contour and left and right layouts on the medial surface of the rear vertical wall (10) of greenhouse by solar heat, rear vertical wall (10) front arranges a horizontally disposed and rotating spindle (4) that parallel with rear vertical wall (10), horizontal stand (8) rear end rotatably is connected and fixed support (3) by a bearing pin (14), an end of horizontal stand (8) front end connection of rotating main shaft (4), and rotating spindle (4) can rotate around self central shaft, respectively be fixedly connected with a reflective membrane strap (6) at rotating spindle (4) two ends, be fixedly connected with a reflective membrane (7) between two reflective membrane straps (6), the reflective surface of reflective membrane (7) is shaped as convex surface, be fixedly connected with motor retainer bracket (11) and motor controller (1) on the medial surface of rear vertical wall (10), motor controller (1) connects electromotor (2) by communication cable (9), electromotor (2) is installed on motor retainer bracket (11), one end of rotating spindle (4) is provided with gear, electromotor (2) coordinates with gear by driving chain (12), the medium position of horizontal stand (8) bottom surface is fixedly connected with cuboid vertical baffle (13), form vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle (13) and horizontal stand (8), the front end of hound (5) is the cylindrical structure of active card at the vertical angle place, the rear end of hound (5) is tilted to down by another root bearing pin (14) and rotatably is connected and fixed support (3), it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: horizontal stand (8) is positioned at horizontal position, horizontal stand (8) contacts with the cylinder surface of hound (5) front end with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle (13) forms, motor controller (1) calculates the rotational angle while obtaining reflective membrane (7) best effort automatically, controls rotational angle and the rotation direction of electromotor (2), electromotor (2) drives rotating spindle (4) rotation, thereby drives reflective membrane (7) rotation, and the rotational angle of adjusting reflective membrane (7) makes the sunray of reflection shine all the time the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat.
2. light compensation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: motor controller (1) calculates rotational angle automatically
αmethod as follows:
,
θfor sun altitude,
bfor the greenhouse by solar heat span,
hfor horizontal stand (8) center overhead the height.
3. light compensation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when light compensating apparatus quits work, mobile hound (5) disengages hound (5) cylinder surface and vertical angle place, and hound (5) and horizontal stand (8) are by the extremely vertical folded state of duty.
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| CN 201210187505 CN102715041B (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for solar greenhouse |
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