CN102713275A - 风电设备 - Google Patents

风电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102713275A
CN102713275A CN201080051401XA CN201080051401A CN102713275A CN 102713275 A CN102713275 A CN 102713275A CN 201080051401X A CN201080051401X A CN 201080051401XA CN 201080051401 A CN201080051401 A CN 201080051401A CN 102713275 A CN102713275 A CN 102713275A
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generator
differential mechanism
power equipment
wind power
windmill
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CN102713275B (zh
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乌韦·克勒格
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EES GmbH
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EES GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Abstract

本发明涉及一种风电设备，包括至少一个风车以及发电装置，其中，所述发电装置具有至少两个发电机。所述发电机通过至少一个差速器彼此联接，其中，所述风车布置在所述差速器的补偿齿轮上。所述发电机的转子分别与所述差速器的一个轴轮连接，其中，所述发电机的定子相连成一止推轴承，所述差速器的差速器壳可旋转地安装在该止推轴承上。

Description

风电设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风电设备，包括至少一个风车以及发电装置。
背景技术
现有风电设备用伺服电动机进行偏航控制，在伺服电动机作用下，风电设备的整个舱首借助所谓的方位轴承绕竖轴旋转。优选通过用于调节风车桨叶角的伺服电动机来进行转速调节。全部伺服电动机均从控制装置获得控制信号，该控制装置具有多个布置在舱首的测风装置。曝露地布置在舱首的缺点是，这些测风装置会持续受到天气因素影响。特别是结冰和腐蚀等现象会导致测风装置无法工作或工作受限。此外，风况不稳定也会引发一些干扰因素。为了补偿这些干扰因素并对伺服电动机进行相应控制，需要设置复杂的控制和调节回路。特别是在实施功率不超过30千瓦的小型风电设备时，繁复的控制和调节技术的投入面临着较大的投资风险。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种偏航控制和转速调节得到大幅简化的同类型风电设备。
权利要求1所述的特征为本发明用以达成上述目的的解决方案。从属权利要求为本发明的有益改进方案。
本发明风电设备的特征在于，所述发电装置具有至少两个发电机，所述发电机通过至少一个差速器彼此联接，所述发电机的转子分别与所述差速器的一个轴轮连接，所述风车布置在所述差速器的补偿齿轮上，所述发电机的定子相连成一止推轴承，所述差速器的差速器壳可旋转地安装在该止推轴承上。
与任何一种差速器一样，本发明风电设备的差速器也具有可以使每个补偿齿轮与两个轴轮保持啮合状态的差速器壳。除了将转矩平分为二地传递到轴轮上这一本职工作外，本发明风电设备的差速器的补偿齿轮还起到与风车连接的主动轮的作用。这样一来，被分配给各轴轮的发电机受驱后将以彼此相反的旋转方向进行旋转。以汽车上的桥差速器为参照，所述发电机的转子相当于驱动桥的桥轴。在汽车的桥差速器中由传动装置的从动轴驱动的差速器壳在本发明风电设备中承担的是桥差速器所使用的补偿齿轮的补偿功能。汽车转弯时主动轴的轴体上会产生转速差，这部分转速差由汽车上所使用的桥差速器的补偿齿轮补偿，而在本发明的风电设备中，轴轮上所产生的转矩差则由差速器的差速器壳补偿。产生转矩差的原因不外乎以下两点：风向改变时风倾斜吹向风车，或者是发电装置逆向旋转的发电机上产生不同电阻。将差速器壳可旋转地安装在止推轴承上需要使用枢轴承，与同等功率的现有风电设备中所使用的方位轴承相比，枢轴承的优点是体积小许多，成本也低得多。
根据本发明的第一改进方案，所述发电机实施为环形发电机，所述环形发电机由所述定子构成的止推轴承具有至少一个起导线托架作用的空心轴。采用空心轴的优点是可以改善逆向旋转发电机的电气联接。
根据本发明的下一改进方案，每个发电机均具有一个与所述风车的旋转轴大体成直角定向的旋转轴。为此，所述差速器优选实施为锥齿轮差速器。但在本发明范围内也可以将发电机和风车的旋转轴设置成平行定向。为此，所述差速器优选实施为正齿轮差速器。
根据本发明一种特别有益的改进方案，所述发电机通过至少一个集电调节器彼此连接。借助该集电调节器可以通过感应方式在发电机上设置不同电阻，通过差速器壳在止推轴承上的自行旋转就可以对随后所产生的转矩差进行补偿，从而使风车偏离风向一定角度。借此能以较低成本实现有效的转速调节。不需要再使用昂贵的伺服电动机和复杂的控制和调节回路。
为能以简单的机械结构和较低的成本实现偏航控制，本发明将所述风车实施为背风叶轮，以便风车自行进行正顶风定向。采用这种方案后同样可以弃用昂贵的伺服电动机和复杂的控制和调节回路。当然也可以将所述风车实施为迎风叶轮且带有布置在差速器壳上的风标，该风标以较简单的方式使该迎风叶轮保持正顶风状态。在本发明范围内，还可以在所述背风叶轮对面增设迎风叶轮，以及为差速器配置多个补偿齿轮。
附图说明
附图为本发明的实施例，从该实施例中可以得出本发明的其它特征。
具体实施方式
附图为本发明风电设备的示意图，其包括风车1和两个发电机2、3，这两个发电机实施为环形发电机并通过差速器4彼此机械联接。发电机2、3的逆向旋转的转子5、6分别与差速器4的一个轴轮7、8连接，其中，风车1布置在差速器4的补偿齿轮9上。发电机2、3的定子10、11通过空心轴12相连成一止推轴承，差速器4的差速器壳13可旋转地安装在该止推轴承上。每个发电机2、3均具有一个与实施为背风叶轮的风车1的旋转轴成直角定向的旋转轴。发电机2、3通过集电调节器14彼此电连接。为建立这一连接，需要在起导线托架作用的空心轴12上穿设(未图示)发电机电连接线15、16。此外，集电调节器14还具有用于将发电机2、3所提供的电流传输到供电网络上的电网连接线17。

Claims (5)

1.一种风电设备，包括至少一个风车以及发电装置，其特征在于，
所述发电装置具有至少两个发电机(2，3)，
所述发电机(2，3)通过至少一个差速器(4)彼此联接，
所述发电机(2，3)的转子(5，6)分别与所述差速器(4)的一个轴轮(7，8)连接，
所述风车(1)布置在所述差速器(4)的补偿齿轮(9)上，以及
所述发电机(2，3)的定子(10，11)相连成一止推轴承，所述差速器(4)的差速器壳(13)可旋转地安装在所述止推轴承上。
2.如权利要求1所述的风电设备，其特征在于，所述发电机(2，3)实施为环形发电机，所述环形发电机由所述定子(10，11)构成的止推轴承具有至少一个起导线托架作用的空心轴(12)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的风电设备，其特征在于，每个发电机(2，3)均具有一个与所述风车(1)的旋转轴大体成直角定向的旋转轴。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的风电设备，其特征在于，所述发电机(2，3)通过至少一个集电调节器(14)彼此连接。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的风电设备，其特征在于，所述风车(1)实施为背风叶轮。
CN201080051401.XA 2009-11-11 2010-10-20 风电设备 Active CN102713275B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009052493.2 2009-11-11
DE102009052493A DE102009052493B3 (de) 2009-11-11 2009-11-11 Windkraftanlage
PCT/DE2010/001242 WO2011057598A2 (de) 2009-11-11 2010-10-20 Windkraftanlage

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CN102713275A true CN102713275A (zh) 2012-10-03
CN102713275B CN102713275B (zh) 2015-04-01

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US (1) US8710687B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2499363B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2013510982A (zh)
CN (1) CN102713275B (zh)
AU (1) AU2010317201B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2780709C (zh)
DE (2) DE202009017126U1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ600041A (zh)
WO (1) WO2011057598A2 (zh)

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KR101027055B1 (ko) * 2009-12-30 2011-04-11 윤진목 풍력발전기
KR101377818B1 (ko) * 2012-04-23 2014-03-26 조황 새로운 구조의 수평축 풍력 터빈 발전기와 그 운전 방법
RU2563055C2 (ru) * 2014-01-09 2015-09-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Донской государственный аграрный университет" Ветроэлектрическая станция с двумя парами ветроприводов пропеллерного типа
DE102015223307A1 (de) * 2015-11-25 2017-06-01 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Windkraftanlagengetriebe
JP7242337B2 (ja) * 2019-02-20 2023-03-20 三菱重工業株式会社 回転電機機械及び風力発電設備

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US2998101A (en) * 1957-03-19 1961-08-29 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Safety brake apparatus for tandem axle trailers
US4239977A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-12-16 Lisa Strutman Surge-accepting accumulator transmission for windmills and the like
US4556801A (en) * 1981-07-07 1985-12-03 Snamprogetti S.P.A. Method for utilizing wind energy for autonomous electricity production
US4572961A (en) * 1984-04-18 1986-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Constant speed drive with compensation using differential gears
US4613760A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-09-23 The English Electric Company Limited Power generating equipment
US4684813A (en) * 1985-01-03 1987-08-04 Watson William K Heterodyne system for electric power generation
CN1886882A (zh) * 2003-10-21 2006-12-27 卡尔·长东·江 具有磁联轴器的发电系统

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CA2780709A1 (en) 2011-05-19
NZ600041A (en) 2013-04-26
WO2011057598A2 (de) 2011-05-19
DE202009017126U1 (de) 2010-04-15
WO2011057598A8 (de) 2013-01-10
DE102009052493B3 (de) 2011-03-31
AU2010317201B2 (en) 2014-04-10
US8710687B2 (en) 2014-04-29
CN102713275B (zh) 2015-04-01
US20120274075A1 (en) 2012-11-01
WO2011057598A3 (de) 2011-11-10
AU2010317201A1 (en) 2012-05-31
JP2013510982A (ja) 2013-03-28
EP2499363B1 (de) 2013-12-11
EP2499363A2 (de) 2012-09-19
CA2780709C (en) 2017-11-21

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