CN102709577A - Method for satisfactorily controlling net output power of locomotive fuel cell system based on peroxy ratio area - Google Patents
Method for satisfactorily controlling net output power of locomotive fuel cell system based on peroxy ratio area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 title abstract 5
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for satisfactorily controlling the net output power of a locomotive fuel cell system based on a peroxy ratio area. Through the analyses about the peroxy ratio characteristics of the locomotive fuel cell system, a peroxy ratio operation area is divided according to the satisfaction on the net output power of the system. On the basis, according to an overlapping ratio and an overlapping robustness index, a fuzzy subjection function is designed, as well as a fuzzy control rule and a fuzzy switching rule are formulated; the switchover without interference between a satisfactory fuzzy controller and a self-regulated PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) controller is realized, so that the limitations that the net output power control of the traditional locomotive fuel cell system depends on an accurate systematic mathematic model too much and an optimal peroxy ratio track tracing method is easily affected by factors such as operation parameters, and noise interferences in the actual application, are solved; therefore, the satisfactory output of the net output power of the system is realized; the system stability is modified; the reliability of the locomotive fuel cell system is improved; and the service life of the system is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the railroad fuel battery technology, especially locomotive proton exchange film fuel battery system control method technical field.
Background technology
Fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle; Energy conversion efficiency is high; Cleaning, noise is low, and modular structure, modularity are strong, have received the great attention of countries in the world; The emphasis research and development technology that belongs to the national energy field in China; Especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) also has outstanding advantages such as working temperature is low, startup is fast, the life-span is long, response speed is fast, modular construction except having the total low pollution of fuel cell, fuel availability advantages of higher, has obtained great attention at electric automobile and middle-size and small-size distributed generation system field.
The electric locomotive using fueling battery technology is the research forward position that current track field of traffic new forms of energy are used.Not only there is serious " air hunger " phenomenon in high-power locomotive PEMFC system when under different operating modes, moving, " oxygen saturation " phenomenon that also exists simultaneously serious, general small-power PEMFC system and hybrid power system usually to ignore.In the PEMFC system, because the oxygen supply system compares with the hydrogen supply system, have dynamic characteristic relatively slowly, cause the inner oxygen flow of pemfc stack to be difficult to respond fast with loading demand.System's peroxide has characterized the oxygen supply situation of PEMFC system than (OER), is the important indicator of measurement system power generation performance.If OER is low excessively, " air hunger " phenomenon promptly appears, and cause the pile oxygen supply not enough, system's power output is reduced, can't satisfy loading demand, can make the PEM surface " focus " occur simultaneously, cause the pile short circuit, reduce problem such as pile useful life; If OER is too high, " oxygen saturation " phenomenon promptly appears, and will cause the parasitic power consumption of system to increase, system's net power output is reduced.Therefore, adopting effective control strategy to keep the OER of system is relative optimal value, is extremely important for the net power output that improves the PEMFC system.
At present, less relatively to the achievement in research of the OER of PEMFC system control problem.Control method that has proposed such as optimal control, ANN Control, Sliding-Mode Control Based and PREDICTIVE CONTROL etc. mainly adopt the mode of track reference OER set point or optimum OER track to improve the net power output of locomotive PEMFC system.But OER is detection variable not directly, and the accurate tracking difficulty is big and cost is high, and especially under light-load conditions, OER is less relatively to the influence of system's net power output, need not the OER optimum value is carried out high-precision discriminating.And; The control method that has proposed is based on the acceptable operating point approximately linearization mostly and designs; Only, ignored coupled relation and the uncertain influence of perturbing and being brought between the system variable, caused institute's control system designed too to rely on accurate system mathematic model to some intrinsic properties of non linear system; And follow-up control and disturbance suppression are limited in one's ability, are difficult to satisfy the system's net power output requirement existing under interference and the measurement noise condition.
Summary of the invention
Above deficiency in view of prior art; The present invention aims to provide a kind of railroad fuel battery system net power output Satisfactory Control method based on the OER zone; Solve optimum OER trace tracking method is subject to factor affecting such as operational factor, noise disturbance in practical application limitation; The satisfactionization output of realization system net power output improves railroad fuel battery system reliability, prolongs system useful life.
The object of the invention is realized through following means.
A, analyze based on the OER of locomotive PEMFC system
Definition OER is the oxygen quality flow W of pemfc stack cathode inlet supply
O2, inWith the oxygen quality flow W that is consumed
O2, retThe ratio:
For different load currents, all exist different OER can make net power output reach maximum, in case system reaches best OER, will cause that parasitic power consumption increases if continue again to increase, and then worsen system's net power output.Therefore there is optimum OER track, makes PEMFC system net power output reach maximum.
B, divide based on the OER operation area of net power output satisfaction
Definition load current I
StWith optimum OER value OER
OpFunctional relation following:
OER
op=f(I
st) （2）
The definition PEMFC net power output satisfaction γ of system is the constant less than 1, according to the different loads condition, and coupling system net power output satisfaction, [OER in the OER operation area
Op-(1-γ) OER
Op, OER
Op+ (1-γ) OER
Op] carry out linearity in the scope and divide.
C, the satisfied fuzzy control of locomotive PEMFC system net power output
According to Duplication and overlapping robustness requirement, design input and output variable membership function, and combine the OER operation area, and formulate fuzzy control rule, adopt the Mamdani Decision Method as fuzzy decision, realize the satisfied fuzzy control of system's net power output.
D, based on the satisfied switching controls of system's net power output in OER zone
With OER measured value and OER
OpDeviation e and deviation variation rate ec=de/dt as the controller input variable; Output variable u is an air compressor machine end control voltage, according to Duplication and overlapping robustness requirement, formulates fuzzy switching law; Realize satisfied fuzzy controller and the no disturbance switching between the Tuning PID Controller device; Reduce systematic steady state error and adjusting time, improve the systematic steady state performance, realize the satisfactionization output of locomotive PEMFC system net power output.
Adopt locomotive PEMFC of the present invention system, have following advantage:
(1) the present invention is through analyzing the OER characteristic of locomotive PEMFC system; According to system's net power output satisfaction; Divided the OER operation area, solved power consumption that existing PEMFC system do not consider system supplymentary equipment under the high-power situation, ignored under the high-power situation phenomenon such as " air hunger ", " oxygen saturation " the problems such as influence of system's net power output.
(2) the present invention is directed to the net power output control of conventional P EMFC system too relies on accurate system mathematic model, has certain limitation at aspects such as tracking and disturbance suppressions, is difficult to satisfy under interference or measurement noise condition to problems such as OER optimal track followings; The satisfied switching controls of a kind of system's net power output based on the OER zone is proposed; Realize satisfied fuzzy controller and the no disturbance switching between the Tuning PID Controller device; Reduce systematic steady state error and adjusting time; Improve the systematic steady state performance, solved the satisfactionization output problem of system's net power output.
Description of drawings is following:
Fig. 1 is a locomotive PEMFC power generation system structure sketch map.
Fig. 2 is system's net power output under the different loads electric current and the graph of relation of OER.
Fig. 3 is OER
OpWith I
StFunctional relation fitting result figure.
Fig. 4 is the satisfied operation area of OER.
Fig. 5 is a PEMFC control system structural representation.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 7 is a locomotive PEMFC system under step disturbance continuously, environmental interference and measurement noise RST appear on a large scale in load current, satisfied switching controls and from the OER of Tuning PID Controller response curve.
Embodiment
Details are as follows for practical implementation process of the present invention.
At first, set up locomotive PEMFC electricity generation system model, as shown in Figure 1, mainly form by devices such as pemfc stack, high-pressure hydrogen storing system, air compressor, water-cooling heat radiating system, humidifier, condenser systems.OER has characterized the oxygen supply situation of PEMFC system, is the important indicator of measurement system power generation performance.For avoiding " air hunger " and " oxygen saturation " phenomenon, the OER that must carry out based on locomotive PEMFC system analyzes.Definition OER is the oxygen quality flow W of pemfc stack cathode inlet supply
O2, inWith the oxygen quality flow W that is consumed
O2, retThe ratio:
Present embodiment carries out modeling according to 75kW PEMFC electricity generation system characteristic, obtains under the different loads current condition, and the curve relation figure of system's net power output and OER, as shown in Figure 2.From figure, can know,, all exist different OER can make net power output reach maximum,, will cause that parasitic power consumption increases if continue again to increase, and then worsen system's net power output in case system reaches best OER for different load currents.Load current is big more, and these characteristics are outstanding more.For powerful locomotive PEMFC system, all the more so.Therefore have optimum OER track, the system net power output of making reaches maximum, and is as shown in Figure 2.
But OER is can not detection variable; If will realize maximizing the purpose of PEMFC system net power output through accurate tracking to optimum OER track; Not only need propose to have the method for estimation of high accuracy, strong robustness, and need to adopt expensive pressure, flow measurement.Especially under light-load conditions, be difficult to differentiate the OER optimum value.Definition load current I
StWith optimum OER value OER
OpFunctional relation following:
OER
op＝f(I
st) （2）
With reference to the OER adjuster is through calculating OER
OpReference signal is provided, OER
OpWith I
StBetween the functional relation fitting result as shown in Figure 3.The definition PEMFC net power output satisfaction γ of system is the constant less than 1, according to the different loads condition, and coupling system net power output satisfaction, [OER in the OER operation area
Op-(1-γ) OER
Op, OER
Op+ (1-γ) OER
Op] carry out linearity in the scope and divide.The present invention is to have divided the OER operation area under 0.8 condition according to system's net power output shown in Figure 2 and the curve relation figure of OER according to γ, and is as shown in Figure 4.
When design system net power output satisfaction fuzzy controller, with OER measured value and OER
OpDeviation e and deviation variation rate ec=de/dt as the controller input variable, output variable u is an air compressor machine end control voltage.According to Duplication and overlapping robustness requirement, the membership function of design input and output variable, and combine the OER operation area scope under the different loads condition, formulate fuzzy control rule.Adopt the Mamdani inference method to carry out the fuzzy relation reasoning then,, carry out the reverse gelatinization through weighted mean method (gravity model appoach) through behind the fuzzy reasoning.
Satisfied fuzzy controller robustness is stronger, but has steady-state error, and from Tuning PID Controller owing to there is integral element, make steady-state error be easy to control.Therefore in order to overcome steady-state error, improve the steady-state behaviour of satisfied fuzzy controller, the present invention adopts satisfied fuzzy control and the satisfied method for handover control that combines from Tuning PID Controller, and is as shown in Figure 5.Simultaneously, regulate the time, formulate fuzzy switching law, and then realize that the unperturbed between the different controllers switches according to the OER operation area under the different loads condition for realizing no disturbance switching, minimizing system.
λ
1And λ
2It is respectively the absolute value constant of e and ec.When the absolute value of e and ec respectively greater than λ
1And λ
2The time, satisfied switch controller switches according to following fuzzy rule:
If?e?is?Z
1?and?ec?is?Z
2?then?U?is?UF
Else?U?is?U
PID
Wherein, U
FAnd U
PIDBe respectively satisfied fuzzy controller and from the output of Tuning PID Controller device, U is satisfied switch controller output, Z
1And Z
2It is respectively the membership function of e and ec.
When the absolute value of e and ec respectively smaller or equal to λ
1And λ
2The time, the satisfied fuzzy controller of definition and be respectively ω from the control strength factor of Tuning PID Controller device
PIDAnd ω
F, Z
3And Z
4Be respectively the membership function of e and ec, then:
ω
F=min{Z
3(e),Z
4(ec)} （3）
ω
PID=1-ω
F （4）
Then the output of satisfied switch controller is following:
U=ω
FU
F+ω
PIDU
PID （5）
Fig. 6 is the process flow of the inventive method.For factors such as disturbance and noise in the simulation practical application to the influence of system; The present invention is directed to locomotive PEMFC system occurs on a large scale continuously under the step disturbance change condition at load current; Environmental interference signal (mean value is 0, variance be 20) is joined system input; Measurement noise signal (mean value is 0, variance be 0.5) is joined the controller input; Carry out performance test and evaluation through emulation experiment, and compare with the The simulation experiment result of independent use from the Tuning PID Controller system, the result is as shown in Figure 7.Can know that from figure satisfied switching controls contains at this and embodies follow-up control, disturbance suppression ability and anti-noise ability preferably in disturbance and the noise factor.And having exceeded 12% approximately than satisfied switching controls from the average overshoot of Tuning PID Controller, the adjusting time is also longer, is difficult to overcome these interference and The noise, can't make system works in stable state.
The railroad fuel battery system net power output Satisfactory Control method that the present invention proposes based on peroxide ratio zone; Can realize satisfied fuzzy controller and the no disturbance switching between the Tuning PID Controller device; Solve the control of conventional locomotive fuel cell system net power output and too rely on accurate system mathematic model, optimum peroxide are subject to factor affecting such as operational factor, noise disturbance in practical application than trace tracking method limitation; The satisfactionization output of realization system net power output reduces systematic steady state error and adjusting time, improves the systematic steady state performance; Improve railroad fuel battery system reliability, prolong system useful life.
Claims (3)
1. the railroad fuel battery system net power output Satisfactory Control method based on peroxide ratio zone realizes the satisfactionization output of railroad fuel battery system net power output, comprises following means:
A, analyze based on the OER of locomotive PEMFC system
Definition OER is the oxygen quality flow W of pemfc stack cathode inlet supply
O2, inWith the oxygen quality flow W that is consumed
O2, retThe ratio:
B, divide based on the OER operation area of net power output satisfaction
Definition load current I
StWith optimum OER value OER
OpFunctional relation following:
OER
op=f(I
st)
The definition PEMFC net power output satisfaction γ of system is the constant less than 1, according to the different loads condition, and coupling system net power output satisfaction, [OER in the OER operation area
Op-(1-γ) OER
Op, OER
Op+ (1-γ) OER
Op] carry out linearity in the scope and divide;
C, the satisfied fuzzy control of locomotive PEMFC system net power output
With OER measured value and OER
OpDeviation e and deviation variation rate ec=de/dt as the controller input variable; Output variable u is an air compressor machine end control voltage, according to Duplication and overlapping robustness requirement, and design input and output variable membership function; And combination OER operation area; Formulate fuzzy control rule, adopt the Mamdani Decision Method, realize the satisfied fuzzy control of system's net power output as fuzzy decision;
D, based on the satisfied switching controls of system's net power output in OER zone
Through analyzing the OER zone; Formulate fuzzy switching law, realize satisfied fuzzy controller and the no disturbance switching between the Tuning PID Controller device, reduce systematic steady state error and adjusting time; Improve the systematic steady state performance, realize the satisfactionization output of locomotive PEMFC system net power output.
2. it is characterized in that based on the railroad fuel battery system net power output Satisfactory Control method of peroxide according to claim 1 is said than the zone, when the absolute value of e and ec respectively greater than λ
1And λ
2The time, said fuzzy switching law:
If?e?is?Z
1?and?ec?is?Z
2?then?U?is?UF
Else?U?is?U
PID
Wherein, U
FAnd U
PIDBe respectively satisfied fuzzy controller and from the output of Tuning PID Controller device, U is satisfied switch controller output, Z
1And Z
2It is respectively the membership function of e and ec.
3. said based on the railroad fuel battery system net power output Satisfactory Control method of peroxide than the zone according to claim 1, it is characterized in that λ
1And λ
2Be respectively the absolute value constant of e and ec, when the absolute value of e and ec respectively smaller or equal to λ
1And λ
2The time, said satisfied switch controller is output as:
U=ω
FU
F+ω
PIDU
PID
Wherein, Z
3And Z
4Be respectively the membership function of e and ec, ω
PIDAnd ω
FBe respectively satisfied fuzzy controller and, be defined as from the control strength factor of Tuning PID Controller device:
ω
F=min{Z
3(e),Z
4(ec)}
ω
PID=1-ω
F。
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103384014A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-06 | 西南交通大学 | Maximum net power strategy based proton exchange membrane fuel cell air-supply system control |
| CN103727074A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-04-16 | 西南交通大学 | Method for preventing surges of air compressor in process of low-power operation of fuel cell locomotive |
| CN108091909A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-29 | 吉林大学 | It is a kind of based on optimal peroxide than fuel battery air flow control methods |
| CN109524693A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Fuel battery air feed system model predictive control method |
| CN110021767A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-16 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery air is excessive than control method and system |
| CN111152687A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 上海电机学院 | Electric vehicle battery equalizing charge control method |
| CN112356689A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 北理新源(佛山)信息科技有限公司 | Detection method and system for safety early warning of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and vehicle-mounted terminal |
| CN112864431A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-05-28 | 西南交通大学 | Efficiency-increasing and life-prolonging method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system |
| CN116995268A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-11-03 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Control method and device for air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103384014A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-11-06 | 西南交通大学 | Maximum net power strategy based proton exchange membrane fuel cell air-supply system control |
| CN103727074A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-04-16 | 西南交通大学 | Method for preventing surges of air compressor in process of low-power operation of fuel cell locomotive |
| CN103727074B (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2016-02-10 | 西南交通大学 | Furl cell engine low power run surge resistance of air compressor method |
| CN108091909B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-05-12 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell air flow control method based on optimal oxygen ratio |
| CN108091909A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-29 | 吉林大学 | It is a kind of based on optimal peroxide than fuel battery air flow control methods |
| CN110021767A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-16 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery air is excessive than control method and system |
| CN110021767B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2020-10-02 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Method and system for controlling air excess ratio of fuel cell |
| CN109524693A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Fuel battery air feed system model predictive control method |
| CN111152687A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 上海电机学院 | Electric vehicle battery equalizing charge control method |
| CN112356689A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 北理新源(佛山)信息科技有限公司 | Detection method and system for safety early warning of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and vehicle-mounted terminal |
| CN112864431A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-05-28 | 西南交通大学 | Efficiency-increasing and life-prolonging method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system |
| CN116995268A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-11-03 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Control method and device for air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN116995268B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2024-03-01 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Control method and device for air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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