CN102707325A - Azimuth gamma measuring method and equipment - Google Patents
Azimuth gamma measuring method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102707325A CN102707325A CN2012101676703A CN201210167670A CN102707325A CN 102707325 A CN102707325 A CN 102707325A CN 2012101676703 A CN2012101676703 A CN 2012101676703A CN 201210167670 A CN201210167670 A CN 201210167670A CN 102707325 A CN102707325 A CN 102707325A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an azimuth gamma measuring method and equipment. A plurality of gamma detectors are installed on the notch side of a drill collar, the number of the gamma detectors can be 3 or 4, and all the gamma detectors adopt NaI crystal; when the number of the detectors is 3, the interval between the detector is 120 degrees, and azimuth gamma data of 12 sectors is recorded during data acquisition; and when the number of the detectors is 4, the interval between the detector is 90 degrees, and azimuth gamma data of 16 sectors is recorded during data acquisition. In the drilling process, the natural gamma azimuth measured data of the strata is measured according to the gamma detectors; by utilizing real-time uploaded up-and-down azimuth natural gamma data, the drilling track of a drill bit can be guided, and the distance between the drill bit and a radioactive interface can be quantitatively determined; and by utilizing the obtained different azimuth natural gamma data, the azimuth gamma image of the strata can be formed, and used for quantitatively evaluating the inclination angle and thickness of the strata.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of orientation gamma survey method and apparatus, belong to field geophysics logging technology field.
Background technology
Along with the petroleum industry development, large-scale self-contained oil gas field quantity constantly reduces, subtle reservoir and marine oil gas reservoir that the petroleum industry exploratory development has turned to difficulties in exploration to increase.Develop these hydrocarbon-bearing pool, traditional straight well can't improve recovery ratio and increase output, arises at the historic moment for addressing this problem orientation well.And traditional logging method can not have been satisfied the demand in the creeping into of horizontal well, so the logging while drilling technology of optimal level well drilling well grows up very soon.
In drilling course, the stratum natural radioactivity survey is one of must the survey project, and it is significant especially to measure stratum different azimuth natural gamma radioactivity in real time.But; At present in the prior art scheme; Natural gamma logging device only is to utilize single detector to carry out total-count measurement of stratum natural gamma or SGR measurement; Whether in reservoir, creep into though can judge drill bit, can not guarantee the drill bit drilling trace in reservoir, more can not obtain the gamma imaging of orientation, stratum.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of orientation gamma survey method and apparatus, and it can instruct the drill bit drilling trace, and can form orientation, stratum gamma image, can be used for estimating pendage angle and zone thickness.
Its technical solution is:
A kind of orientation gamma survey method; It is that the fluting side is adorned a plurality of gamma detectors on drill collar; The stratum natural gamma measurement of bearing data that in drilling course, record according to gamma detector are the geosteering service, and the gamma imaging of formation orientation, stratum is used for formation evaluation.
The number of above-mentioned gamma detector is made as 3 or 4, all adopts the NaI crystal; Above-mentioned gamma detector all is positioned at the same transverse cross-sectional area of drill collar, and the number of detector is when being 3,120 ° of detector spaces, and when the number of detector is 4,90 ° of detector spaces.
Above-mentioned gamma detector places fluting, its positive face seal, and sealing substance adopts natural rubber, and thickness is 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm; The back of gamma detector is provided with shielding material, and shielding material is selected tungsten or lead for use, and thickness is 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm; The notch place sealing of drill collar fluting, sealing substance adopts beryllium-bronze, and thickness is 8mm～12mm, preferred 10mm; Filling epoxy resin between gamma detector front sealing substance and notch sealing substance, thickness are 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm.
Further, fluting is U-lag on the above-mentioned drill collar.
Above-mentioned drill collar diameter is 171.45mm; The mud flow-guiding channel diameter of drill collar is 50 ~ 70mm; Gamma detector length is 15 ~ 20cm, and diameter detector is 25.4mm ~ 35.6mm when adopting 3 gamma detectors, and diameter detector is 24.1mm ~ 30.5mm when adopting 4 gamma detectors.
Above-mentioned for the geosteering service is to utilize the natural gamma data-guiding drill bit drilling trace of uploading in real time of orientation up and down, and confirm that quantitatively drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance.
It is the natural gamma counting that obtains different azimuth when utilizing detector to pass the radioactivity stratum that the gamma imaging of orientation, above-mentioned stratum is used for formation evaluation; The natural gamma counting that utilization obtains draws orientation, stratum gamma image, utilizes orientation, stratum gamma image quantitative evaluation pendage angle and zone thickness.
A kind of orientation gamma survey equipment, it comprises 3 or 4 gamma detectors, gamma detector is the NaI crystal; Its side is contained on the drill collar, offers groove in the corresponding position of drill collar, and said gamma detector all is positioned at the same transverse cross-sectional area of drill collar; And when the number of detector is 3; 120 ° of detector spaces, when the number of detector is 4,90 ° of detector spaces.
Above-mentioned gamma detector places groove, its positive face seal, and sealing substance adopts natural rubber, and thickness is 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm; The back of gamma detector is provided with shielding material, and shielding material is selected tungsten or lead for use, and thickness is 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm; Offer the notch place sealing of groove on the drill collar, sealing substance adopts beryllium-bronze, and thickness is 8mm～12mm, preferred 10mm; Filling epoxy resin between detector front sealing substance and notch sealing substance, thickness are 4mm～6mm, preferred 5mm.
Above-mentioned drill collar diameter is 171.45mm; The mud flow-guiding channel diameter of drill collar is 50 ~ 70mm; Gamma detector length is 15 ~ 20cm; Said diameter detector is 25.4mm ~ 35.6mm when adopting 3 gamma detectors, and said diameter detector is 24.1mm ~ 30.5mm when adopting 4 gamma detectors.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
The present invention's side of on drill collar, slotting is adorned a plurality of detectors; In drilling course, obtain stratum natural gamma measurement of bearing data through detector; Utilize the natural gamma data of uploading in real time of orientation up and down can instruct the drill bit drilling trace, and can confirm quantitatively that drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance; The different azimuth natural gamma data that utilization obtains can form the gamma imaging of orientation, stratum, are used for quantitative evaluation pendage angle and zone thickness.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in technical scheme of the present invention; The needed accompanying drawing of embodiment is done brief account; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, also can obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring equipment of the present invention; Among the figure: 1 is drill collar, and 2 is the mud flow-guiding channel, and 3 is detector, and 4 is detector front sealing substance, and 5 is filler, and 6 are the fluting sealing substance, and 7 is detector back shielding material, and 8 is photomultiplier, and 9 is electronic circuit;
A when Fig. 2 is 3 detectors of employing among Fig. 1 is to analysing and observe enlarged diagram;
A when Fig. 3 is 4 detectors of employing among Fig. 1 is to analysing and observe enlarged diagram;
Fig. 4 passes tiltedly layer Monte Carlo Calculation model of radioactivity for measuring equipment; Among the figure: 10 is that well, 11 is that sandstone formation, 12 is the radioactivity mudstone stratum, and design conditions are: the stratum is the horizontal layer stratum, is the Z axle with the borehole axis, and true origin O is at the center, stratum, and the stratum is of a size of 300cm * 300cm * 800cm; Be full of fresh water in the well, borehole diameter is 20cm; The sandstone formation factor of porosity is 30%; Radioactivity mudstone stratum shale index is 80%, and U content is that 5ppm, Th content are that 10ppm, K content are 5%; Radioactivity mudstone stratum and X-direction angle are 80 °, and thickness is 40cm; The drill collar axis overlaps with borehole axis, and the drill collar diameter is 171.45mm, and mud flow-guiding channel diameter is 50mm; Adopt 4 detector measurements, detector length is 20cm, and diameter is 25.4mm;
Fig. 5 utilizes the Monte Carlo Calculation model obtains among Fig. 4 measuring equipment to pass tiltedly orientation gamma ray curve up and down during layer of radioactivity; Among the figure: A=0 ° of expression upper position natural gamma measurement data; Orientation natural gamma measurement data under the A=180 ° of expression; D representes the distance between detector and the true origin O, when detector is positioned at true origin O left side, with negative number representation, when detector is positioned at true origin O right side, representes with positive number; N
γExpression natural gamma counting;
Fig. 6 passes inclination radioactivity interface Monte Carlo Calculation model for surveying instrument, and design conditions are: the stratum is the horizontal layer stratum, is the Z axle with the borehole axis, and true origin O is at the center, stratum, and the stratum is of a size of 300cm * 300cm * 800cm; Be full of fresh water in the well, borehole diameter is 20cm; The sandstone formation factor of porosity is 30%; Radioactivity mudstone stratum shale index is 80%, and U content is that 5ppm, Th content are that 10ppm, K content are 5%; Inclination radioactivity interface and borehole axis intersection point are at the initial point place; The drill collar axis overlaps with borehole axis, and the drill collar diameter is 171.45mm, and mud flow-guiding channel diameter is 50mm; Adopt 4 detector measurements, detector length is 20cm, and diameter is 25.4mm;
Fig. 7 is the relation curve of distance, delta D and bed boundary tilt angle alpha between the orientation gamma curve change point up and down when utilizing the Monte Carlo Calculation model obtains among Fig. 6 measuring equipment to pass differing tilt angles radioactivity stratum;
Fig. 8 utilizes the Monte Carlo Calculation model obtains among Fig. 4 measuring equipment to pass tiltedly orientation gamma image during layer of radioactivity; Among the figure: A representes different pieces of information record orientation; D representes the distance between detector and the true origin O, when detector is positioned at true origin O left side, with negative number representation, when detector is positioned at true origin O right side, representes with positive number; The high counting region of 13 expression natural gammas, the low counting region of 15 expression natural gammas; The transitional region of 14 expression high counting regions of natural gamma and low counting region.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obvious described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skills belong to protection scope of the present invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
A kind of orientation gamma survey method; It is that the fluting side is adorned a plurality of detectors on drill collar; In drilling course, obtain stratum natural gamma measurement of bearing data through detector; Utilize the natural gamma data of uploading in real time of orientation up and down can instruct the drill bit drilling trace, and can confirm quantitatively that drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance; The different azimuth natural gamma data that utilization records can form the gamma imaging of orientation, stratum, are used for quantitative evaluation pendage angle and zone thickness.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring equipment of the present invention, and the A when Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively 3 gamma detectors of employing and 4 gamma detectors among Fig. 1 is to analysing and observe enlarged diagram.As shown in the figure, the fluting side is adorned a plurality of gamma detectors obtaining stratum natural gamma measurement of bearing data on drill collar 1, and its minimum diameter is 50 ~ 70mm to the mud flow-guiding channel 2 of drill collar 1 under the required capacity mud of the drilling well prerequisite carrying.
The number of detector 3 is 3 or 4, all adopts the NaI crystal, and detector 3 all is positioned at the same transverse cross-sectional area of drill collar.When adopting 3 gamma detectors, 120 ° of detector spaces, 4 orientation natural gamma data of each gamma detector record write down the orientation natural gamma data of 12 sectors altogether during data acquisition; When adopting 4 gamma detectors, 90 ° of detector spaces, 4 orientation natural gamma data of each gamma detector record write down the orientation natural gamma data of 16 sectors altogether during data acquisition.
The length of detector 3 is 15 ~ 20cm; With drill collar 1 diameter is that 171.45mm is an example, and the diameter of detector 3 is 25.4mm ~ 35.6mm when adopting 3 gamma detectors, and the diameter of detector 3 is 24.1mm ~ 30.5mm when adopting 4 gamma detectors; Detector 3 backs need add shielding material, and detector back shielding material 7 is selected tungsten or lead for use, and thickness is 5mm.
Utilize the Monte Carlo method for numerical simulation to explain that a kind of orientation provided by the invention gamma survey method and apparatus can be the geosteering service below, and can form the imaging of orientation, stratum gamma and be used for formation evaluation.
1. geosteering
Utilize the natural gamma data of uploading in real time of orientation up and down can qualitatively judge the drill bit drilling strata, and can judge quantitatively that drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance
(1) qualitatively judges the drill bit drilling strata
Utilize the Monte Carlo method for numerical simulation, set up with computation model under the brill condition, as shown in Figure 4, the equipment shown in Fig. 1 is placed well, the analog computation measuring equipment passes tiltedly layer orientation gamma ray curve up and down of radioactivity, and is as shown in Figure 5.Can find out by Fig. 5; The orientation gamma ray curve does not overlap up and down when surveying instrument is having in radioactive sandstone formation; But difference appears in the orientation gamma ray curve up and down when instrument runs into the radioactivity mudstone stratum, and bit drills is met the radioactivity stratum in the time of can qualitatively judging drilling well.
(2) judge that quantitatively drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance
Utilize the Monte Carlo method for numerical simulation; Foundation is with computation model under the brill condition; As shown in Figure 6; Equipment shown in Fig. 1 is placed well; Changing inclination radioactivity interface angle (inclination radioactivity interface and X-direction angle) is 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, 85 °, and analogue measurement equipment passes differing tilt angles radioactivity interface orientation gamma ray curve up and down, and gamma ray curve the change relation curve of distance, delta D a little and the bed interface angle [alpha] (being converted into Circular measure) radioactively of tilting in orientation was as shown in Figure 7 up and down when the equipment of drawing ran into the radioactivity stratum.
Data point among Fig. 7 is carried out curve fitting and can draw, the bed boundary tilt angle alpha and up and down between the orientation gamma ray curve change point relational expression of distance, delta D be:
When the orientation gamma ray curve changes up and down; Be that gamma detector detects the radioactivity stratum just; This moment, gamma detector was the investigation depth (DEP) of natural gamma ray log apart from the vertical range at radioactivity interface; Investigation depth (DEP) is a constant, thereby can draw drill bit this moment distance apart from the radioactivity interface on drilling direction is:
In the formula, d
0Be the distance between detector and the drill bit.
Relational expression between α and the Δ D is brought in the following formula and can be got,
Again according to the drill bit drill speed can calculating detector detect behind the radioactivity stratum drill bit on the drilling direction apart from the distance between the radioactivity interface.
2. orientation gamma imaging
Utilize Monte Carlo Calculation model as shown in Figure 4, the record measuring equipment pass radioactivity tiltedly when layer 16 orientation, diverse location place the natural gamma counting, the orientation gamma image that utilizes the data that obtain and interpolation method to draw is as shown in Figure 8.
Utilize orientation gamma image shown in Figure 8 can obtain the pendage angle to be:
α=arctan(BC/P)
In the formula, the B point when detector penetrates the radioactivity stratum on 180 ° of orientation in image the color change point, be 180 ° of azimuth sounders and detect position, radioactivity stratum just; The C point when detector penetrates the radioactivity stratum on 0 ° of orientation in image the color change point, be 0 ° of azimuth sounder and detect position, radioactivity stratum just; BC representes B point and C point distance on borehole axis, on figure, shows as the vertical range that B point and C are ordered; Distance P is a preset parameter, need carry out scale, and P is 27cm under these simulated conditions.
Radioactivity tiltedly layer thickness H is:
H=EF·sin(90°-α）
In the formula, the E point when detector penetrates the radioactivity stratum on 180 ° of orientation in image change color transitional zone point, this position is that 180 ° of azimuth sounders get into positions, radioactivity stratum; The F point when detector passes the radioactivity stratum on 180 ° of orientation in image catastrophe point, this position is that 180 ° of azimuth sounders pass position, radioactivity stratum, surveys just this moment less than position, radioactivity stratum; EF representes E point and F point distance on borehole axis, on figure, shows as the vertical range that E point and F are ordered.
Data according on the orientation gamma image can draw, radioactivity stratum tilt angle alpha=79.9 °, and radioactivity is layer thickness H=40.6cm tiltedly.And true angle of inclination, stratum and zone thickness are respectively 80 ° and 40cm in the model, utilize image to ask for angle of inclination, radioactivity stratum and thickness error less than 1%.See thus, but utilize orientation, stratum gamma image quantitative evaluation pendage angle and zone thickness, and error is low.
Claims (10)
1. orientation gamma survey method; It is characterized in that: the fluting side is adorned a plurality of gamma detectors on drill collar; The stratum natural gamma measurement of bearing data that in drilling course, record according to gamma detector are the geosteering service, and the gamma imaging of formation orientation, stratum is used for formation evaluation.
2. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 gamma survey method, it is characterized in that: the number of said gamma detector is made as 3 or 4, all adopts the NaI crystal; Said gamma detector all is positioned at the same transverse cross-sectional area of drill collar, and the number of detector is when being 3,120 ° of detector spaces, and when the number of detector is 4,90 ° of detector spaces.
3. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 and 2 gamma survey method, it is characterized in that: said gamma detector places fluting, its positive face seal, sealing substance adopts natural rubber, and thickness is 4mm～6mm; The back of said gamma detector is provided with shielding material, and shielding material is selected tungsten or lead for use, and thickness is 4mm～6mm; The notch place sealing of said drill collar fluting, sealing substance adopts beryllium-bronze, and thickness is 8mm～12mm; Filling epoxy resin between gamma detector front sealing substance and notch sealing substance, thickness are 4mm～6mm.
4. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 gamma survey method is characterized in that: fluting is U-lag on the said drill collar.
5. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 gamma survey method; It is characterized in that: said drill collar diameter is 171.45mm; The mud flow-guiding channel diameter of said drill collar is 50 ~ 70mm; Said gamma detector length is 15 ~ 20cm, and said diameter detector is 25.4mm ~ 35.6mm when adopting 3 gamma detectors, and said diameter detector is 24.1mm ~ 30.5mm when adopting 4 gamma detectors.
6. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 gamma survey method is characterized in that: said for the geosteering service is to utilize the natural gamma data-guiding drill bit drilling trace of uploading in real time of orientation up and down, and confirm that quantitatively drill bit is apart from the radioactivity interface distance.
7. a kind of orientation according to claim 1 gamma survey method; It is characterized in that: it is the natural gamma counting that obtains different azimuth when utilizing detector to pass the radioactivity stratum that the imaging of orientation, said stratum gamma is used for formation evaluation; The natural gamma counting that utilization obtains draws orientation, stratum gamma image, utilizes orientation, stratum gamma image quantitative evaluation pendage angle and zone thickness.
8. orientation gamma survey equipment, be characterised in that: it comprises 3 or 4 gamma detectors, and gamma detector is the NaI crystal; Its side is contained on the drill collar, offers groove in the corresponding position of drill collar, and said gamma detector all is positioned at the same transverse cross-sectional area of drill collar; And when the number of detector is 3; 120 ° of detector spaces, when the number of detector is 4,90 ° of detector spaces.
9. a kind of orientation according to claim 8 gamma survey equipment, it is characterized in that: said gamma detector places groove, its positive face seal, sealing substance adopts natural rubber, and thickness is 4mm～6mm; The back of said gamma detector is provided with shielding material, and shielding material is selected tungsten or lead for use, and thickness is 4mm～6mm; Offer the notch place sealing of groove on the said drill collar, sealing substance adopts beryllium-bronze, and thickness is 8mm～12mm; Filling epoxy resin between detector front sealing substance and notch sealing substance, thickness are 4mm～6mm.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described a kind of orientation gamma survey equipment; It is characterized in that: said drill collar diameter is 171.45mm; The mud flow-guiding channel diameter of said drill collar is 50 ~ 70mm; Said gamma detector length is 15 ~ 20cm, and said diameter detector is 25.4mm ~ 35.6mm when adopting 3 gamma detectors, and said diameter detector is 24.1mm ~ 30.5mm when adopting 4 gamma detectors.
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| CN103337134A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-10-02 | 成都理工大学 | Electromagnetic field/gamma field radioactive source safety positioning device |
| CN103790579A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining distance between drill bit and stratum interface in while-drilling geological steering |
| CN104834014A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-12 | 核工业二〇三研究所 | Radioactive mineral geological exploration device |
| CN105545284A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | While-drilling gamma imaging data processing method |
| CN106646642A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Scanning type radioactive hole diameter measurement device and method |
| CN107120108A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | It is a kind of with being drilled to as sector detection circuit |
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| CN108716397A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | With brill gamma imaging logging azimuth resolution computational methods and device |
| CN110513104A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | One kind is with brill orientation combination metering device |
| CN112083469A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-15 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | High-stability three-detector combined radioactive source positioning detector |
| CN113530527A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-10-22 | 江苏达坦智慧能源有限公司 | While-drilling azimuth gamma imaging data processing method based on single detector |
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| CN115929282A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Logging system and method based on orientation while drilling gamma and ultrasonic imaging |
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| CN103790579A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining distance between drill bit and stratum interface in while-drilling geological steering |
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| CN104834014A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-12 | 核工业二〇三研究所 | Radioactive mineral geological exploration device |
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| CN107120108A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | It is a kind of with being drilled to as sector detection circuit |
| CN106646642A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Scanning type radioactive hole diameter measurement device and method |
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| CN108625845B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2021-08-24 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | While-drilling orientation gamma decoupling calibration method and calibration device |
| CN107313768B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2023-12-05 | 东营市广利机电设备有限公司 | Near-bit measuring instrument with gamma measuring function |
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| CN108716397A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | With brill gamma imaging logging azimuth resolution computational methods and device |
| CN108716397B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and device for calculating logging azimuth resolution by gamma imaging while drilling |
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| CN110513104B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2022-01-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Combined measurement device for orientation while drilling |
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| CN113530527A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-10-22 | 江苏达坦智慧能源有限公司 | While-drilling azimuth gamma imaging data processing method based on single detector |
| CN113530527B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-09-15 | 江苏达坦智慧能源有限公司 | Single-detector-based azimuth-while-drilling gamma imaging data processing method |
| CN115929282A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Logging system and method based on orientation while drilling gamma and ultrasonic imaging |
| WO2024113924A1 (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-06 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Near-bit azimuthal gamma and imaging measurement while drilling tool and method |
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