CN102696307B - Greening hydro-seeding method used for arid areas - Google Patents

Greening hydro-seeding method used for arid areas Download PDF

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CN102696307B
CN102696307B CN201210214337.3A CN201210214337A CN102696307B CN 102696307 B CN102696307 B CN 102696307B CN 201210214337 A CN201210214337 A CN 201210214337A CN 102696307 B CN102696307 B CN 102696307B
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soil
greening
duster
association
grass seeds
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CN102696307A (en
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郎煜华
柴华
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GUANGZHOU ZHONGMAO LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Co Ltd
China Three Gorges University CTGU
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GUANGZHOU ZHONGMAO LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Co Ltd
China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a greening hydro-seeding method used for arid areas.. Firstly preparing a novel soil composite; then adding straw bark into the soil composite, then adding vermiculite and perlite; mixing, adding water to and stirring the soil composite formed into aggregate structures, bonding agents and seeds, spraying the mixture on areas to be greened through a wet spraying machine; after spraying, firstly spraying water-retention agents and then covering thin films on a hydro-seeding layer formed on the areas; at last, arranging a plurality of drip irrigation tubes in the areas and digging water storage pools communicated with the drip irrigation tubes in the areas. The greening hydro-seeding method can improve germination rate and survive rate during early hydro-seeding stages, and moisture required by plant growth can be maintained through a plurality of water retention and water supply methods. The greening hydro-seeding method used for arid areas is simple in construction method, low in construction cost and suitable for being popularized in large scale in arid-area side slope greening hydro-seeding.

Description

A kind of greening for arid biogeographic zone method of sowing grass seeds by duster
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of greening method of sowing grass seeds by duster, be specifically related to a kind of greening for arid biogeographic zone method of sowing grass seeds by duster.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of economic society and the quickening of urbanization process, the basic facilities construction speed of China is also accelerated thereupon, because implementing the construction projects such as traffic, water conservancy, mine, electric power, has formed a large amount of bare slopes.These bare slopes have not only affected Landscape Ecological, have destroyed the balance of nature of this area, and some domaticly also exists serious geological disaster hidden danger, affect the safety and stability of major project, the safety of life and property that even can endanger the people.Therefore, greening side slope has very important environment protection significance and realistic meaning, and greening side slope not only can be beautified the environment, water conservation, and can prevent erosion and come down, purify air.Existing a lot of place starts Efforts To Develop greening side slope at present.
The technology of sowing grass seeds by duster is a kind of geotechnical slope that rate of decay is higher and new technique of native horsestone greening side slope of being applicable to, and it is specially adapted to the slope protection greening of road and rail, railway, Channel slope.It is domatic upper that it utilizes special spraying machine that the organic substrates such as grass seeds, water-loss reducer are ejected into, and organic material is combined closely with domatic under the effect of pressure, and forming one deck can be for the hypothallus of growth and development of plants.The requirement of sowing grass seeds by duster to thickness of soil, determines according to the concrete condition of side slope, is generally 10-30cm.In injection, must add the grass seeds such as Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea, shrubby flase indigo, reach in the short period of time desirable afforestation effect.Alien earth sparging be the most common be also the most widely used technology of sowing grass seeds by duster
Alien earth sparging be by the host material mixing cementing material spray attachment that contains plant growth desired nutritional on batholith is domatic, on batholith is domatic, create be suitable for plant growth hardness, firmly and ventilative, with naturally show the near native plate of the soil phase, plant out can low level management plant community, restoring mature econogy farthest.If decomposed rock, less soft rock and the larger soil side slope of soil hardness of soil, large for the gradient, the domatic work of using for reference anchor pole reinforcing bar spray anchor that stone matter is in blocks is sowed grass seeds by duster after playing anchor pole, rack plating zinc-iron net again, can reach the object of afforesting and beautifying equally.
But for arid area, adopt Seed spraying technology to afforest, due to cannot solid water in its layer of sowing grass seeds by duster, so construction cover layer by the disappearance along with nutrient and moisture and withered gradually, peels off.Afforestation effect is undesirable, and the duration is not long, has also increased the required cost of greening simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of greening that improves arid biogeographic zone greening survival rate method of sowing grass seeds by duster is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
1. for the greening of the arid biogeographic zone method of sowing grass seeds by duster, it comprises the following steps:
1) first prepare a kind of association of soil thing, the components by weight percent of this association of soil thing comprises sand 10-20%, animals and plants fertilizer 50-75%, and acid ground flora 2-10%, organism decomposes flora 5%-25% and nitrogen fixation flora 7%-25%;
2) then first in association of soil thing, add the stalk bark after fermentation, then add vermiculite and perlite, after reaction, form the association of soil thing of granular structure;
3) by adding water after the association of soil thing of formation granular structure, binding agent and seed mixing, stir, re-use wet-spraying machine and sowed grass seeds by duster on region to be afforested;
4) on the layer of sowing grass seeds by duster forming at above-mentioned zone after sowing grass seeds by duster, first spray water-loss reducer, re-cover film;
5) finally at above-mentioned zone, some drip irrigation pipe are set, and excavate in this region the cistern being connected with drip irrigation pipe.
Described 1) pH of the association of soil thing in step is 2.0-5.0.
Described 1) the animals and plants fertilizer in step comprises peat soil or cow dung.
Described 1) enriched medium of the acid ground bacterium in step is Gao Shi medium, pH7.2～7.4, and its component is: soluble starch 2g, KNO 30.1g, K 2hPO 40.05g, MgSO 47H 2o 0.05g, NaCl 0.05g, FeSO 47H 2o 0.001g, agar 2g, running water 100mL.
Described 1) enriched medium of the decomposition of the organism in step flora is Martin medium, and its component is: glucose 1%, peptone 0.5%, KH 2pO 40.1%, MgSO 47H 2o 0.05%, agar 2%, rose-bengal 1,/30,000 100ml, streptomycin 30 μ g/ml, aureomycin 2 μ g/ml, water 900ml.
Described 1) enriched medium of the nitrogen fixation flora in step is Ashby nitrogen-free agar, and its components by weight percent is: mannitol 1%, KH 2pO 40.02%, MgSO 47H 2o 0.02%, and NaCl 0.02%, CaSO 42H 2o 0.01%, CaCO 30.5%, distilled water 98.43%.
Described 2) before fermentation, will to be ground into length be the fibrous of 5～10mm to the stalk bark in step.
Described 2) vermiculite in step and perlitic diameter are 1～5mm.
The present invention, by the above-mentioned greening method of sowing grass seeds by duster, can improve germination rate and the survival rate at the initial stage of sowing grass seeds by duster; And can maintain the required moisture of plant growth by multiple water conservation and method for supplementing water; This construction method is simple, cheap, can be universal on a large scale in arid biogeographic zone greening side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of greening for arid biogeographic zone of the present invention method of sowing grass seeds by duster, it comprises the following steps:
1) first prepare a kind of association of soil thing, the components by weight percent of this association of soil thing comprises sand 10-20%, animals and plants fertilizer 50-75%, acid ground flora 2-10%, organism decomposes flora 5%-25% and nitrogen fixation flora 7%-25%, after deep proportion research and soil impact testing, while finding that component is by said ratio in association of soil thing, its improving effect to soil is best;
2) then first in association of soil thing, add the stalk bark after fermentation, add again vermiculite and perlite, make its association of soil thing that forms granular structure carry out water conservation, it is the fibrous of 5～10mm that stalk bark will be ground into length before fermentation, it adds the support frame that forms granular structure in association of soil thing, vermiculite and perlitic diameter are 1～5mm, utilize its expansibility to form more complicated granular structure;
3) add water after the association of soil thing, binding agent and the seed that form granular structure are mixed and stir, re-use wet-spraying machine and sowed grass seeds by duster on region to be afforested, the present embodiment be sow grass seeds by duster domatic;
4) on the layer of sowing grass seeds by duster of above-mentioned zone, first spray water-loss reducer after sowing grass seeds by duster, re-cover film, water-loss reducer will be selected the content adding according to local climate, to store moisture content when having water, when anhydrous, discharge moisture content, simultaneously can Erosion prevention and evaporation, improve germination rate and the survival rate at the initial stage of sowing grass seeds by duster;
5) finally at above-mentioned zone, some drip irrigation pipe are set, and in this region, excavate the cistern being connected with drip irrigation pipe, cistern is that drip irrigation pipe supplies water, and has formed outside water charging system, increased greening moisturizing effect, the present embodiment is chosen in and on mountain top, excavates cistern.
Animals and plants fertilizer in association of soil thing of the present invention is preferably peat soil, cow dung or other biological fertilizer.Wherein nitrogen fixation flora can provide plant nutrition, organism decomposes flora and can participate in such as leaf, spoil in interior organic decomposition, acid ground flora can promote the decomposition of rock, in rock, contain a large amount of trace elements, these trace elements can be absorbed by plants, thereby improve soil property and the vegetation growth state of main soil.This three major types microorganism cooperates mutually, to strengthening soil fertility, promotes the soil process of Soil Surrounding to play obvious synergy.
The enriched medium of the nitrogen fixation flora in described association of soil thing is Ashby nitrogen-free agar, and its component is: mannitol 1%, KH 2pO 40.02%, MgSO 47H 2o 0.02%, and NaCl 0.02%, CaSO 42H 2o 0.01%, CaCO 30.5%, distilled water 98.43%.
The VA Mycorrhizal Fungi of fungi and plant symbiosis in some soil, they play an important role to afforestation.Soil fungi also participates in the decomposition of the residual body of animal and plant, becomes Nitrogen In Soils, the indispensable power of carbon cycle, the commitment particularly decomposing at plant organism, and fungi is more more active than bacterium and actinomycetes.In order to make the fungi amount reproduction in association of soil thing, fungi in soil is carried out to enrichment culture, its medium component can according to separated bacterial classification select suitable fungi enriched medium, the enriched medium that organism in the present invention decomposes flora is Martin medium, its component is: glucose 1%, peptone 0.5%, KH 2pO 40.1%, MgSO 47H 2o 0.05%, agar 2%, rose-bengal 1,/30,000 100ml, streptomycin 30 μ g/ml, aureomycin 2 μ g/ml, water 900ml.
Acid ground bacterium in association of soil thing of the present invention can be decomposed rock, to plant growth, provides Macro and microelements, and it can make plant growth and become one and play important effect in rock and with rock.It is Gao Shi medium that acid ground bacterium of the present invention is mainly actinomycetic enriched medium, pH7.2～7.4, and its component is: soluble starch 2g, KNO 30.1g, K 2hPO 40.05g, MgSO 47H 2o 0.05g, NaCl 0.05g, FeSO 47H 2o 0.001g (mother liquor), agar 2g, running water 100mL.
After above-mentioned soil flora enrichment culture, culture fluid obtains thalline after concentrated centrifugal, the thalline that thalline gets final product dryly through natural air drying, and in the present invention, in association of soil thing, thalline weight is dry cell weight.The inventor declares at this simultaneously, above-mentioned soil flora enriched medium is not unique medium of these floras of enrichment culture, those skilled in the art can rationally determine other medium on the cited medium base of the present invention or on the basis of the cited medium of prior art, as long as its enrichment flora is identical with the present invention, all belong to the scope of soil flora of the present invention.The compound method of the enriched medium of above-mentioned soil flora is common practise for a person skilled in the art.
In above-mentioned association of soil thing, can also contain sand, described sand is to mix with other compositions in composition after nature sand is pulverized, and wherein said sand is no more than 40% of this soil improvement composition weight.
In order to make the suitable nitrogen fixation flora of environment in association of soil thing, the amount reproduction that organism decomposes flora and acid ground flora, the pH of association of soil thing of the present invention is preferably 2.0-5.0, more preferably 2.5-4.0.Wherein the adopting international standards of assay method of the pH of association of soil thing is organized in the method described in the mensuration > > of < < ISO 10390:2005 soil quality pH of on February 15th, 2005 issue and measures, and existing plain statement is as follows: 1) pre-treatment.Take a morsel soil specimen particle natural air drying or soil specimen is carried out not higher than after the dry processing of 40 ℃, the soil processing of sieving, screen cloth eye is of a size of 2 mm.2) preparation of suspension is got the representational laboratory sample of sub-fraction (sample should be no less than 5 mL) with sample spoon.The sample of getting is put into sample bottle, and add 5 times of water to sample volume (electrical conductivity is not more than 0.2 mS/m 25 ℃ time, and pH is greater than 5.6) or potassium chloride or calcium chloride solution.Continue to shake suspension (60 ± 10) min, use mechnical oscillator or blender, then more than standing 1 h, but can not surpass 3 h.During standing after vibration, should avoid air to enter sample bottle.3) measurement of pH, under (20 ± 2) ℃ condition, is stirred while starting and in suspension, is measured immediately pH, and mixing speed is selected make soil particle relatively be evenly distributed in suspension, but can not entrapped air.When pH value reaches while stablizing, can read, record value is accurate to two after decimal point.
Association of soil thing of the present invention compared with prior art has following technical advantage:
1) association of soil thing of the present invention, it can make main soil.This technology is different from traditional soil moved in to improve the original technology of gushing, and it has palingenesis to soil and unconventional substituting; Reproducing plant can automatically draw nourishment from from decayed rock and air, and does not need fertilizer irrigation.
2) the soil improvement composition of the present invention soil of can regenerating, grass is filled with tall root system and is goed deep into rapidly basement rock, combines together completely with periphery, and for the above area of annual precipitation 400mm, maintenance cost is low.
The present invention adopts principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate association of soil thing soil fertility in different time sections
Principal component analysis, claims again principal component analysis, refers to and original a plurality of variablees is extracted to a kind of Multielement statistical analysis method of less several new variables independent of each other by linear combination.The object of principal component analysis is by linear transformation, original a plurality of indexs is combined into separate a few and can fully reflects the index of overall information, is convenient to further analysis.In principal component analysis, can eliminate influencing each other between evaluation index.Each principal component is arranged in order by variance size.When problem analysis, can give up a part of principal component, before and after only getting, the larger several principal components of variance represent former variable, can also reduce the workload that index is selected, thereby have reduced the workload of calculating.Fertility evaluation is the important means of obtaining land quality situation, is again an important basic work in agricultural development and land use planning, can be Land utilization scientific basis is provided.
1.1 samplings and analysis
Be after process on 6 lunar rock slopes in 2008 sample time.Sampling method is the grid method of layouting, and every 500 m get 1 point, as runs into sampling nearby of barrier.Take 5 point samplings to fetch earth, mix, the processing etc. of sieving.The mensuration of soil specimen pH value adopts 2.5:1.0 flooding potentiometry; The mensuration of organic (OM) content adopts K 2cr 20 7volumetric method; The mensuration of available nitrogen (AN) content adopts alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process; The mensuration of available phosphorus (AP) content adopts Olsen method; Effectively the mensuration of potassium (AK) content adopts ammonium acetate lixiviate flame spectrometry; The mensuration of full nitrogen (TN) content adopts Micro-kjoldahl method; The mensuration of full phosphorus (TP) content adopts molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method; The mensuration of slowly available potassium (SK) content adopts flame spectrometry.
1.2 data processing
Excel 2007 is used in data preparation, and data are calculated and used SPSSl7.0.Data normalization application Analyze---Descriptive Statistics----DescriptiVOS, the computing application Analyze_Data Reduction_Factor Analysis of correlation matrix, eigen value and eigen vector, principal component scores.
1.3 results and analysis
1.3.1 fertility index analysis result
Choose soil TN, TP, 0M, AP, AK, SK, pH value, CEC totally 8 factors of fertilities as the evaluation index of principal component analysis, each processes total nitrogen content is 0.65-1.24g/kg, content of tatal phosphorus is 0.12 one 0.34g/kg, the content of organic matter is 6.00-41.80 g/kg, available phosphorus contents is 0.10-68.90 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is 21.10-255.90 mg/kg, slowly available potassium content 15.40-l539.70 mg/kg, pH value scope is 4.93-7.95, and cation exchange capacity content is 0.40-31.20 cmol/kg.Concrete measured value is as follows:
Take contribution rate and the accumulation contribution rate factor that is index screening principal component analysis according to the principle of principal component eigen value >1, extracted 4 principal components.According to the main composition extraction and analysis of variance, can learn, 1-4 principal component reaches 85.7% for the contribution rate sum of total variance, and front 3 principal components can provide 85.7% of information to reflect the whole indexs of soil.Therefore it is reliable, utilizing principal component analysis Fertility of Paddy Soils quality.
1.3.2 the variation of the soil fertility of association of soil thing of the present invention
According to above determined principal component analysis (PCA), measure the experiment of soil fertility, above-mentioned 4 indexs of getting respectively soil specimen in different time sections Nei Yan slope.Be every 6 months the sample time in the present embodiment, and sampling method is the grid method of layouting, and every 500 m get 1 point, as run into sampling nearby of barrier.Take 5 point samplings to fetch earth, mix, the processing etc. of sieving.The index of each sub-sampling sample is got its mean value, in the mode of x ± s, represents.Each, sample index's measurement result was as shown in the table sample time:
Sample time TN（g／kg） TP（g／kg） OM（g／kg） AP（mg／kg）
0 month 1.05±0.24 0.28±0.15 18.24±6.34 8.78±2.36
6 months 1.26±0.21 0.30±0.13 24.65±5.34 9.03±1.98
12 months 1.42±0.23 0.34±0.16 36.24±7.68 11.34±3.67
18 months 1.56±0.28 0.42±0.18 37.25±6.58 11.65±2.69
24 months 1.87±0.31 0.45±0.21 45.67±6.69 13.24±3.21
30 months 2.65±0.34 0.67±0.19 62.24±8.73 17.68±3.16
As can be seen from the above table, adopt after association of soil thing of the present invention in 0-30 month, four leading indicators that affect soil fertility are all progressively improved, wherein each index of the soil fertility of 30th month has significant difference with each index of soil of using before association of soil thing of the present invention, point out association of soil thing of the present invention can significantly improve the fertility of soil, and the growth of plant and the improvement of soil property can be complemented each other.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is only: the components by weight percent of association of soil thing is preferably sand 10%, animals and plants fertilizer 50%, and acid ground flora 5%, organism decomposes flora 15% and nitrogen fixation flora 20%.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is only: the components by weight percent of association of soil thing is preferably sand 12%, animals and plants fertilizer 60%, and acid ground flora 10%, organism decomposes flora 8% and nitrogen fixation flora 10%.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is only: the components by weight percent of association of soil thing is preferably sand 15%, animals and plants fertilizer 55%, and acid ground flora 4%, organism decomposes flora 10% and nitrogen fixation flora 16%.

Claims (5)

1. for the greening of the arid biogeographic zone method of sowing grass seeds by duster, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) first prepare a kind of association of soil thing, the components by weight percent of this association of soil thing comprises sand 10-20%, animals and plants fertilizer 50-75%, and acid ground flora 2-10%, organism decomposes flora 5%-25% and nitrogen fixation flora 7%-25%;
Described 1) enriched medium of the acid ground bacterium in step is Gao Shi medium, pH7.2～7.4, and its component is: soluble starch 2g, KNO 30.1g, K 2hPO 40.05g, MgSO 4.7H 2o0.05g, NaCl0.05g, FeSO 4.7H 2o0.001g, agar 2g, running water 100mL;
Described 1) enriched medium of the decomposition of the organism in step flora is Martin medium, and its component is: glucose 1%, peptone 0.5%, KH 2pO 40.1%, MgSO 4.7H 2o0.05%, the aqueous solution 100ml of the rose-bengal of agar 2%, 1/3 ten thousand, streptomycin 30 μ g/ml, aureomycin 2 μ g/ml, water 900ml;
Described 1) enriched medium of the nitrogen fixation flora in step is Ashby nitrogen-free agar, and its components by weight percent is: mannitol 1%, KH 2pO 40.02%, MgSO 4.7H 2o0.02%, NaCl0.02%, CaSO 4.2H 2o0.01%, CaCO 30.5%, distilled water 98.43%;
2) then first in association of soil thing, add the stalk bark after fermentation, then add vermiculite and perlite, after reaction, form the association of soil thing of granular structure;
3) by adding water after the association of soil thing of formation granular structure, binding agent and seed mixing, stir, re-use wet-spraying machine and sowed grass seeds by duster on region to be afforested;
4) on the layer of sowing grass seeds by duster forming at above-mentioned zone after sowing grass seeds by duster, first spray water-loss reducer, re-cover film;
5) finally at above-mentioned zone, some drip irrigation pipe are set, and excavate in this region the cistern being connected with drip irrigation pipe.
2. the greening for the arid biogeographic zone according to claim 1 method of sowing grass seeds by duster, is characterized in that: described 1) pH of the association of soil thing in step is 2.0-5.0.
3. the greening for the arid biogeographic zone according to claim 1 method of sowing grass seeds by duster, is characterized in that: described 1) the animals and plants fertilizer in step comprises peat soil or cow dung.
4. according to the method for sowing grass seeds by duster of the greening for arid biogeographic zone described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described 2) before fermentation, will to be ground into length be the fibrous of 5～10mm to the stalk bark in step.
5. the greening for the arid biogeographic zone according to claim 4 method of sowing grass seeds by duster, is characterized in that: described 2) vermiculite in step and perlitic diameter are 1～5mm.
CN201210214337.3A 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Greening hydro-seeding method used for arid areas Expired - Fee Related CN102696307B (en)

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