CN102695924A - Energy storage systems - Google Patents

Energy storage systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102695924A
CN102695924A CN2010800604406A CN201080060440A CN102695924A CN 102695924 A CN102695924 A CN 102695924A CN 2010800604406 A CN2010800604406 A CN 2010800604406A CN 201080060440 A CN201080060440 A CN 201080060440A CN 102695924 A CN102695924 A CN 102695924A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat
storehouse
pcm
thermal energy
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2010800604406A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102695924B (en
Inventor
约翰·菲尔德
安德鲁·比塞尔
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Sunamp Ltd
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Sunamp Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunamp Ltd filed Critical Sunamp Ltd
Priority to CN201510544494.4A priority Critical patent/CN105241122B/en
Priority to CN201510546201.6A priority patent/CN105202959B/en
Priority to CN201510545696.0A priority patent/CN105222632B/en
Priority to CN201510546221.3A priority patent/CN105222204B/en
Priority to CN201510546162.XA priority patent/CN105222633B/en
Publication of CN102695924A publication Critical patent/CN102695924A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102695924B publication Critical patent/CN102695924B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
    • F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
    • F24H7/0433—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer medium being water
    • F24H7/0441—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer medium being water with supplementary heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/026—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat with different heat storage materials not coming into direct contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/10—Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/40—Photovoltaic [PV] modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/70—Electric generators driven by internal combustion engines [ICE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/80—Electric generators driven by external combustion engines, e.g. Stirling engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/20—Additional heat sources for supporting thermal peak loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/11—Geothermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/20—Sewage water
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    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2240/00—Fluid heaters having electrical generators
    • F24H2240/08—Fluid heaters having electrical generators with peltier elements
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    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0013—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in elements attached to or integral with heat exchange conduits
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0026—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in mobile containers for transporting thermal energy
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

There are herein described energy storage systems. More particularly, there is herein described thermal energy storage systems and use of energy storable material such as phase change material in the provision of heating and/or cooling systems in, for example, domestic dwellings.

Description

Energy storage system
Invention field
The present invention relates to energy storage system.More particularly, the present invention relates to thermal energy storage system and energy storage material (like phase change materials) and for example in the home dwelling purposes in heating and/or the cooling system is being provided.
Background of invention
Although a lot of heatings and cooling system are arranged on the market, influence and operating cost that these prior art system all receive efficiency are expensive.Prior art system also trends towards relying on the disagreeableness fossil fuel of environment.
Space heating (" heat ") and hot water are the facilities that global family, office, factory, hotel, shop etc. need.Nearest common practices is through the burning storable energy (for example, oil, natural gas etc.) in heating element heater or uses electric energy (being produced by natural gas or coal usually) to come to provide as required this heating.
In most of city in the world, all be to carry out fuel reservoir (for example, the dump in natural gas storage jar, the power plant), and be transferred to user's (for example, gas piping, electric wire etc.) as required through distribution network with centralized facilities.Modern combustion gas or fuel oil condenser boiler are converted into heat with the efficient above 90% with fuel oil or combustion gas.Electric device is almost with the running of 100% efficient.This seems better on the surface, yet most of electricity all is to produce from combustion gas, fuel oil or coal with about only efficient of 30%.So trace back to original fuel, electrical heating has only about 30% efficient.
Usually, institute's fuel stored (coal, fuel oil, combustion gas) all is a fossil fuel.These are " fossil sunlight " memories easily.Their energy all is to be derived from the sun through photosynthesis of plants, and plant finally is buried under the ground.These plants have accumulated millions of years, but we just will burn up them the centuries.Therefore when continuing to use these fossil fuels, the subject matter that we face is:
They can exhaust (fuel oil is in decades, and combustion gas and coal are in the centuries) in foreseeable time range.In long period before they exhaust, in case they have passed through the output peak, price will go up fast.
in their forming process, a large amount of Atmospheric CO 2Be cured in the soil.We are to have the speed that increases with this CO 2Discharge back in the atmosphere.The result is climate change, and its potential catastrophic effect is forfeiture planet bio-diversity and human habitat (shortage of water resources, desertification and sea level rise).
Having proposed a lot of methods reduces even finally eliminates the dependence to fossil fuel.In fact, all to be view move to current sunlight with the energy from the fossil sunlight in time immemorial for they, is that direct degree is had nothing in common with each other.
Use for heating and cooling, heat pump can be used for moving and concentrated that exist naturally or discarded heat energy.Need electric energy to drive heat pump.The no fossil energy that is driven by the sun comprises:
is converted into electric photovoltaic device with sunshine, for cost-efficient panel, has to be lower than 10% to the efficient that is higher than 20%.
solar thermal power generation factory concentrates sunshine to heat a kind of working fluid that drives generator.They must be positioned at the area of the high direct projection of sunshine, for example desert.Therefore they be unique grid power that really is suitable for producing.
The wind turbine utilizes wind, and wind regime is from the solar energy that drives a large amount of air.On this point that allows the co generating and use, good wind resource is very rare.
The utilization of water power flows to the gravitional force of the water of lower from eminence.Few regional except in the world, water power can't satisfy the wilderness demand to grid power.The address of building large reservoir is more limited, and is flooding the problem that also possibly have human and bio-diversity aspect the large areas.
The wave that the effect in sea is produced by wind is used mainly in the wave-activated power generation.Then, wind is driven by the sun.
The bio-fuel: timber can be according to directly burning with coal facies mode together in thermo-power station.Can handle various raw material production fluid in next life bodies or gaseous fuel.No matter be to use corn, rapeseed oil, alpine yarrow, animal wastes also to be to use cooking oil, energy wherein all is from current sunlight.Yet, exist great worry to the competition between food and bio-fuel crop production, and the great worry of the competition between bio-fuel crop and natural biological diversity soil (for example, destroy jungle and produce palm oil).
Can find out; Except that bio-fuel and some water power; The renewable energy transfer device of Driven by Solar Energy can not demand-driven (perhaps with the term of power industry; They are not " schedulable "): when solar radiation, when wind, when wave is high, their energy just can occur.Available energy can or year serve as that tolerance is carried out the statistics prediction with sky, week, the moon, however electrical network need with minute, quarter or halfhour level come balance.
Storage of electrical energy is difficult to.At present, electrical network comprises memory hardly, and they are real-time balances.The water power reservoir provides a kind of chance of store electricity.Superfluous when electric when existing on the electrical network, the electricity of surplus capable of using with water from be pumped into higher reservoir than low water level, therefore with the stored in form of electric energy with the gravitional force of the water that moves to eminence.When the grid power shortage, just let these water flow downward through turbine and generating again.This process is 90% efficient, but suitable pumped-storage power station position is very rare.
As an another kind of approach of using and proposing of the present invention be; When electricity when being available; The electric energy from the surplus of intermittent regenerative resource is not converted into heat or cold, with heat or cold being stored in the heat energy accumulator, makes it become available hot and cold according to demand then.
Thermal energy storage technology is stored in the solar collector of activity (for example from) heat in the adiabatic storeroom, and this storeroom is used for space heating, domestic hot-water or process hot water subsequently, or is used for generating electricity.The solar heating system of the most practical activity has been collected several hours heat to one day value.Also have a small amount of but the ever-increasing seasonal heat energy accumulator of quantity, the heat that is used to store summer is for using winter.
Previous phase change materials is used to the thermal energy storage device of using solid-liquid to change mutually.Owing to when material is in gas phase, need big volume and high pressure to store these materials, so liquid gas phase transition material is impracticable usually as heat energy accumulator.
At first, the solid-liquid phase change materials is as conventional storage medium, and they heat up along with heat absorption.Yet different with the storage medium of routine, when phase change materials reached their phase transition temperature (their fusing point), they absorbed heat in a large number and temperature rises not remarkable.When the environment temperature around the fluent material reduced, phase change materials solidified, and discharged the latent heat of its storage.20 ° in the human comfort scope of 30 ° of C, some phase change materials are very effective.With compare like the conventional storage medium of water, masonry or rock etc., they can store the heat of many 5 to 14 times of per unit volume.
Phase change materials can generally be classified as two types: organic compound (like wax, plant extracts, polyethylene glycol) and based on the product (like sodium sulphate) of salt.The most frequently used phase change materials is salt hydrate, aliphatic acid and ester, various paraffin (like octadecane).Recently, also study ionic liquid as phase change materials.Because most of organic solvent all is water-free, thus they can be exposed in the air, but all alkali phase change materials solution all must encapsulate to prevent that the water branch from evaporating.Use for some for these two types and all have merits and demerits.
Melting alloy salts altogether is one type of phase change materials, since late period in 19th century, also has been used as the media that a kind of heat storage is used.They have been applied to various purposes, and like the Refrigerated Transport of railway and open-road applications, so their physical property all is well-known.
The temperature range that the phase change materials technology provides has been opened up the frontier that is used for building service and Refrigeration Engineering with regard to medium and high temperature energy storage purposes.The wide range of these heat energy purposes is like solar energy heating, hot water, repulsion heating, air conditioning and thermal energy storage purposes.
Yet the actual phase change materials that uses has problems, comprises that the heat that reaches suitable spreads out of and imports rate and acceptable thermodynamic efficiency level into.
The purpose of at least one aspect of the present invention is elimination or alleviates one or more above-mentioned problems at least.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of heat energy accumulator of improvement.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of heating and/or cooling system that comprises phase change materials.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of heating and/or cooling system are provided, this heating and/or cooling system comprise:
A kind of heat energy source; And
A series of storehouses that comprise thermal energy storage material;
Wherein these thermal energy storage material in these a series of storehouses can and/or release energy in the different temperatures storage.
Heating and/or cooling system can form the part of a heat energy accumulator or comprise a heat energy accumulator therein.
According to a second aspect of the invention; A kind of heat energy accumulator is provided; This heat energy accumulator can be accepted and/or store heat energy and/or discharge heat energy at least one radiator from least one heat energy source in one or more temperature ranges, and said heat energy accumulator comprises:
A kind of structure in one or more thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality ofly can comprise the suitable amount and the thermal energy storage material of type, this thermal energy storage material comprises a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in the thermal energy storage material of one or more kinds, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the common operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic.
In preferred embodiments, at least one during these change mutually changes mutually or all change mutually is reversible, through the ability that can not lose absorption energy and/or stored energy at least more than a Reversible Cycle in fact and/or release energy.
Usually, heat storage (that is, thermal energy storage) material can change through a solid-liquid mutually, and can when change mutually through one, store/release energy.This process can take place repeatedly.
Therefore, the present invention relates to the thermal energy storage effect of heat energy accumulator and gained.The technology of describing among the present invention can be used for storing the energy in (for example) and is used for the multiple technologies of reusable reservoir subsequently.The concrete advantage of the use solid-liquid phase change materials of setting forth among the present invention is the energy requirement between balance daytime and night.Reservoir can maintain (that is, hotter) on the temperature of surrounding environment or under the temperature of (that is, colder).Therefore, the present invention can be used for a heating and/or refrigeration system.Concrete purposes of the present invention is at air-conditioning unit or in central heating systems.
Usually, this heat energy accumulator can comprise at least one storehouse or a plurality of storehouse.This at least one or a plurality of storehouse can comprise one or more heat exchanger apparatus; These one or more heat exchanger apparatus allow (for example, carrying out the device of thermal energy transfer and/or any other thermal energy transfer indirectly) through conduction and/or radiation and/or convection current and/or heat pipe and/or via the thermal energy transfer fluid from least one heat energy source transferring heat energy and/or with thermal energy transfer at least one radiator.
Heat-exchanger rig at least one storehouse can allow heat energy side by side or basically side by side (and for example using identical heat-exchanger rig also side by side not transmit) in other occasions from two or more heat energy source transferring heat energy and/or to heat sink heat energy.
Heat-exchanger rig at least one storehouse can allow side by side (and for example using identical heat-exchanger rig also side by side not transmit and/or only side by side transmit with respect to some subclass of possible heat energy source/radiator set in other occasions) from three or more a plurality of heat energy source/radiator or to its transferring heat energy.
In specific embodiments, potentially simultaneously the quantity of heat energy source and/or radiator can be four or more a plurality of, five or more a plurality of, six or more a plurality of, seven or more a plurality of, eight or more a plurality of, nine or more a plurality of, or ten or more a plurality of.Therefore, possibly there are a plurality of heat energy sources and/or radiator.
Therefore there are a plurality of sources with different temperatures.
In specific embodiments, the hot memory can comprise two or more storehouses, three or more a plurality of storehouse, four or more a plurality of storehouse, five or more a plurality of storehouse, six or more a plurality of storehouse, seven or more a plurality of storehouse, eight or more a plurality of storehouse, nine or more a plurality of storehouse, or ten or more a plurality of storehouse.Therefore, possibly there are a plurality of storehouses.
Usually, hot memory and/or each storehouse and/or a plurality of storehouse possibly side by side or in the time of difference receive and/or store heat energy and/or discharge heat energy to one or more radiators from one or more heat energy sources in one or more temperature ranges.
At least one storehouse in these storehouses in the hot memory or all storehouses can be nested types.Usually, the structure in a plurality of storehouses can be all and/or partly nested each other.
(meaning is in these one or more external libraries at least one; Do not consider the heat guard of any insertion; Surrounded fully and/or most ofly in the outside local environments of heat energy accumulator by one or more, and the meaning is not have in fact and/or fully surrounded by any other storehouse) can be in one or more these heat energy accumulators of encirclement local environment the temperature place or in fact near it.
(meaning is in these the hottest one or more storehouses; Such as but not limited to; This storehouse has a phase transition temperature and/or current mean temperature and/or the maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature of its thermal energy storage material, this temperature be in the set in all storehouses in this heat energy accumulator with regard to absolute value and Yan Zuigao's and/or represent the maximum of a part) can be in the nested storehouse of one or more innermost layers at least one (meaning be do not have other storehouses all and/or major part be enclosed in that storehouse or those storehouses).
(meaning is in these the coldest one or more storehouses; Such as but not limited to; This storehouse has a phase transition temperature and/or current mean temperature and/or the maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature of its thermal energy storage material, this temperature be in the set in all storehouses in the heat energy accumulator with regard to absolute value minimum of a value minimum and/or that represent a part) can be in the nested storehouse of one or more innermost layers at least one (meaning be do not have other storehouses all and/or major part be enclosed in that storehouse or those storehouses).
Heat energy accumulator can comprise at least one the coldest storehouse and at least one the hottest storehouse, and wherein each can be the storehouse of innermost layer.
Compare with not using nested situation, general nested and/or seal mutually fully and/or partly the storehouse can reduce from heat energy accumulator to it one or more around the heat-energy losses of local environment.
In specific embodiments, at least one heat energy source/radiator can be outside in the hot memory.At least one heat energy accumulator/radiator can be within least one storehouse of heat energy accumulator.
Usually, heat energy accumulator can comprise that at least one heat energy source is connected with at least one thermal energy transfer between at least one radiator.
At least one heat energy source/radiator that heat energy accumulator can be included in the hot memory is connected with at least one thermal energy transfer between at least one radiator/heat energy source outside the hot memory.
At least one heat energy source/radiator that heat energy accumulator can be included at least one first storehouse of hot memory is connected with at least one thermal energy transfer between at least one radiator/heat energy source at least one second storehouse of hot memory.
Usually, any heat energy source/radiator in storehouse comprise with this storehouse in some thermal energy storage material at least of one or more heat-exchanger rig thermo-contacts (no matter being that direct physical contacts or radiant heat contact or other).Heat-exchanger rig can allow to connect or from its transferring heat energy at least one thermal energy transfer that comprises at least a thermal energy transfer medium (include but not limited to heat-conducting metal and/or high heat-conducting plastic and/or gas and/or cold-producing medium and/or electromagnetic radiation and/or liquid and/or other heats transmit fluid) through transferring heat energy, and the thermal energy storage material from this storehouse removes (through conduction and/or radiation and/or convection current and/or heat pipe and/or via the indirect thermal energy transfer of heat energy transmission fluid and/or the device of any other thermal energy transfer) heat energy and/or the transferring heat energy thermal energy storage material in this storehouse.
This at least one thermal energy transfer that comprises at least a thermal energy transfer medium connects permission from least one heat energy source transferring heat energy and/or at least one heat sink heat energy, and this heat energy source/radiator is connected thermo-contact (no matter being that direct physical contacts or radiant heat contacts or other) in this thermal energy storage device outside and with at least one thermal energy transfer.
Because can pumping and/or additionally cause that through applying external energy and/or natural process (such as but not limited to convection current and/or thermal siphon and/or capillarity) the thermal energy transfer medium moves; So that promote and/or auxiliary and/or guarantee the function of its heat energy source transferring heat energy that connects an end from thermal energy transfer to the radiator (or vice versa) at other end place; So the thermal energy transfer medium that thermal energy transfer connects can be contained in one or more pipes and/or other vessel and/or shell and (can seal or open; And can have point-to-point character and/or form loop and/or form all or part of of a network) in and/or by its sealing and/or by its guiding, with promote and/or auxiliary and/or guarantee the thermal energy transfer medium, connect the function of the heat energy source transferring heat energy of an end from thermal energy transfer to the radiator of the other end.
Usually, at least one thermal energy transfer connects can comprise and/or comprise heat pipe or pipeline, and this heat pipe or pipeline comprise the heat that is driven by pump and transmit fluid.
Can cause heat energy this thermal energy transfer that moves and/or move through in this thermal energy transfer connects and connect through applying external energy (sending and/or pyroelectric effect and/or thermionic emission) and/or natural process (such as but not limited to convection current and/or thermal siphon and/or capillarity) such as but not limited to heat pump, promote in this way and/or auxiliary and/or guarantee the thermal energy transfer medium, connect the function of the heat energy source transferring heat energy of an end from thermal energy transfer to the radiator at other end place (otherwise or).
Thermal energy transfer connects can comprise and/or be combined with one or more being used for from the device of cryogenic object to the high temp objects heat transfer, and wherein this device can include, but are not limited to:
Steam compression heat pump;
And/or chemical heat pump;
And/or thermoelectric device;
And/or thermionic device;
And/or within the thermodynamics rule, work, can be from cryogenic object any other device to the high temp objects heat of transfer.
The hot memory can intactly combine one or more being used for from the device of cryogenic object to the high temp objects heat transfer in its function and/or structure and/or control logic, wherein this device can include, but are not limited to:
Steam compression heat pump;
And/or chemical heat pump;
And/or thermoelectric device;
And/or hot-electron device;
And/or within the thermodynamics rule, work, can be from cryogenic object any other device to the high temp objects heat of transfer.
Heating and/or cooling system can intactly combine one or more being used for from the device of cryogenic object to the high temp objects heat transfer in its function and/or structure and/or control logic, wherein this device can include, but are not limited to:
Steam compression heat pump;
And/or chemical heat pump;
And/or thermoelectric device;
And/or hot-electron device;
And/or within the thermodynamics rule, work, can be from cryogenic object any other device to the high temp objects heat of transfer.
Thermal energy transfer connects and can link two or more storehouses and can comprise and/or combine one or more being used for from the device of cryogenic object to the high temp objects heat transfer, and wherein this device can include, but are not limited to:
Steam compression heat pump;
And/or chemical heat pump;
And/or thermoelectric device;
And/or hot-electron device;
And/or within the thermodynamics rule, work, can be from cryogenic object any other device to the high temp objects heat of transfer.
The part that thermal energy transfer connects and/or thermal energy transfer connects and/or be connected in the storehouse that a kind of like this thermal energy transfer connects heat-exchanger rig and/or in the ability of the transferring heat energy that is connected to the outside heat-exchanger rig of heat energy accumulator that a kind of like this thermal energy transfer connects, can between a kind of state of farthest resisting transferring heat energy and/or state that fully can not transferring heat energy and a kind of minimum degree ground opposing transferring heat energy, adjust and/or adjust to any permission degree between minimum level and the maximum horizontal.
The variation of permitting on the calorifics can realize in the following manner, such as but not limited to: change the excitation energy that puts on a pump and/or heat pump and/or thermoelectric device and/or other devices amount (though be electricity or other); And/or through changing heat transmission flow rate of fluid; And/or through from the available set of passage and/or pipeline, selecting a sub-set; The available set of this passage and/or pipeline can connect delivery thermal energy transfer fluid through heat-exchanger rig and/or thermal energy transfer, this subclass particular moment open with use (such as but not limited to) valve and/or electric motor driven valve and/or menifold and/or solenoid deliver the thermal energy transfer fluid.
The variation of permitting on the calorifics can take place in the following manner: through in response to (such as but not limited to) physical state of some part of hot memory and/or hot memory and/or physical state and/or some other excitation of the environment around the hot memory; Such as but not limited to; The variations in temperature or the unlatching of any end of thermal siphon or close heat pipe and/or this reservoir and/or the bimetal leaf adjusting the ability of its transferring heat energy and/or open and/or close custom-designed heat pipe with the reservoir that is used for the thermal energy transfer fluid in response to the action of variations in temperature to open and/or to close a valve, change the physical configuration of heat exchanger structure and/or thermal energy transfer jockey and/or thermal energy transfer fluid.
Adjustment can be controlled and/or influence in the following manner; Such as but not limited to user's stimulation and/or thermostat and/or mechanical control device and/or electronic controller and/or operate in the effect of the control program on the programmable computer system, these so that in response to the physical state of some part of hot memory and/or hot memory and/or the physical state of hot memory surrounding environment.
At least some storehouse can have overlapping and/or identical common operating temperature range.
At least some storehouse can have distinguishing, nonoverlapping common operating temperature range.
At least two storehouses and/or at least one storehouse can connect through at least one thermal energy transfer that constitutes a network and/or orientation diagram with at least one external heat source/radiator; Wherein these storehouses can constitute a plurality of nodes, and these thermal energy transfer connections can constitute a plurality of limits.
At least one thermal energy transfer connect can be only in one direction transferring heat energy and/or can with much higher permission degree transmit in one direction and with low-down permission degree on other directions, transmit (such as but not limited to; Only when the thermal energy storage material in this first storehouse is higher than the temperature of the thermal energy storage material in this second storehouse; From second storehouse, one first storehouse to, but will never be from said second storehouse to said first storehouse).
One or more unidirectional thermal energy transfer connect and can comprise and/or comprise, such as but not limited to: the heat pipe of a plurality of thermal diodes and/or a plurality of special tectonics and/or thermal siphon; And/or the loop of a plurality of pumpings, work when only the thermostat in the heat energy source/radiator of a plurality of storehouses and/or any end and/or thermocouple report temperature at one end is higher than the temperature of the other end in these loops, but do not work when having opposite temperature difference; And/or selectivity emitting surface and/or selectivity emission glass and/or double glazing glaze and/or triplex glass glaze and/or inert gas and/or vacuum.
Each external heat source/radiator can directly be connected to each storehouse in this hot memory through the thermal energy transfer jockey.
Each storehouse in this hot memory can be connected to each other storehouse in this heat energy accumulator through the thermal energy transfer jockey.
For at least one external heat source/radiator, can be connected at least one storehouse in the heat energy accumulator, but can not be connected to each storehouse in this heat energy accumulator.
For at least one storehouse in the hot memory, can be connected at least one other the storehouse in the heat energy accumulator, but can not be connected to each other the storehouse in this heat energy accumulator.
Each storehouse in the hot memory can only be connected to than this given Ku Gengre/colder next storehouse, wherein the temperature in each storehouse mean (such as but not limited to) minimum and/or the maximum and/or the median of the phase transition temperature of hot storage medium in each storehouse and/or the common operating temperature range in each storehouse.
At least one heat energy source outside this heat energy accumulator and/or at least one the thermal source storehouse in this heat energy accumulator possibly lack from/at least one object library to this heat energy accumulator and/or the direct thermal energy transfer of at least one the heat energy radiator outside this heat energy accumulator and connect.Connect at least one sequence that is connected with one second thermal energy transfer on this original purpose ground that leads subsequently through one first thermal energy transfer using one first middle database of guiding and substitute the direct thermal energy transfer connection that lacks, still can originate and the destination between transferring heat energy (or vice versa).
Use first thermal energy transfer to connect from source transferring heat energy and make heat energy add to be stored in the energy at least one intermediary storehouse, heat energy possibly be interim storage in this intermediary storehouse.Side by side and/or previously and/or on ground, back, heat energy can remove and use this second thermal energy transfer to connect from said intermediary storehouse and be delivered to the destination.
This intermediate transfer sequence can comprise that at least two intermediary storehouses are connected with at least three thermal energy transfer.
A single thermal energy transfer connection can be shared at least three the source/destinations (that is outside source/radiator and/or storehouse, the source among the heat energy accumulator/storehouse, destination of heat energy accumulator) that are used for transferring heat energy.
Share thermal energy transfer and connect and to carry out in the following manner, promptly be connected to each the heat exchanger in these at least three source/destinations continuously.
Sometimes share thermal energy transfer and connect and to carry out in the following manner, promptly be connected at least two heat exchanger in these at least three source/destinations in some occasion at least.
One or more thermal energy storage storehouse can be connected to one or more thermal energy storage storehouse of another group through the thermal energy transfer jockey, and wherein said device can allow controlled and/or that have a mind to and/or the not controlled thermal energy transfer between a plurality of storehouses.
Thermal energy transfer between a plurality of storehouses can change during being connected and using this system in the following manner, such as but not limited to: physically set up and/or interrupt pipeline and/or other connections; And/or through opening and/or close and/or insert valve and/or pump and/or heat pump and/or other switchable and/or controllable elements in a plurality of centre positions; And/or the ability of the transferring heat energy through changing any other device that a plurality of heat pipes and/or control known in the art conducts heat.
In many aspects of the present invention, the source can other the time or also be the destination identical the time.
In specific embodiments, a plurality of sources of thermal energy transfer and/or destination can continuous and/or parallel switchings in one or more thermal energy storage storehouse of one or more heat energy source/radiators (no matter being outside a heat energy accumulator and/or outside the thermal energy storage storehouse in a heat energy accumulator) and a heat energy accumulator.
The switching of source/destination can be caused by following factor: the characteristic of system (such as but not limited to; Temperature) and/or this system around environment and/or this system building block (such as but not limited to; Thermal energy storage storehouse and/or heat energy source/radiator) physical change; These physical changes cause some element of system natural physical change (such as but not limited to, the expansion of metal and/or the variable expansion of bimetal leaf, and/or the variable density of thermal energy transfer fluid and/or evaporation and/or condensation); These natural physical changes can cause some part of system changes of function (such as but not limited to; Open the state variation of valve and/or shut off valve and/or valve, and/or heat pump transmits the variation of the ability of heat), wherein these change that system designer is desired just.
Thermal energy transfer selected and/or switched in the control system can continuously and/or concurrently in one or more thermal energy storage storehouse of one or more heat energy source/radiators (no matter being outside a heat energy accumulator and/or outside the thermal energy storage storehouse in a heat energy accumulator) and a heat energy accumulator source and/or destination.
With the rule time interval and/or the irregular time interval; This control system can calculate relative total system coefficient and/or efficient and/or any other performance metric values of one or more potential thermal energy transfer at any time; And should the control system can select a more useful or optimum selection in these transfer functions and correspondingly switch source and/or destination with respect to a plurality of parameters, these parameters be that the index set up by overall control system and/or according to thermal energy storage system designer and/or user and/or buyer and/or law index and/or safety index and/or any other design and/or purposes and/or performance indicator are set.
Heat energy source that can be outside this heat energy accumulator/radiator obtains/and can be time dependent by the amount of the heat energy of its acceptance and/or temperature.
Heat energy source that can be outside this heat energy accumulator/radiator obtains/can be because user's selection and time dependent by the amount of the heat energy of its acceptance and/or temperature, user's selection such as but not limited to:
User decision is lighted and/or not fire fuel and/or increase/minimizing fuel flow rate and/or increase/minimizing oxidant flow velocity and/or extinguish combustion source (such as but not limited to burn wood and/or natural gas);
And/or the user determines to dispose solar panels and/or revises its position to increase and/or to reduce it and gather the ability of sunshine and/or it is safeguarded so that dedusting;
And/or the user determines to open and/or close pump, thereby can use cold lake water at a heat exchanger place as radiator.
Heat energy source that can be outside this heat energy accumulator/radiator obtains/can be because the course of work of heat energy source and time dependent by the amount of the heat energy of its acceptance and/or temperature, the course of work of heat energy source such as but not limited to:
The warm-up phase of burner noz(zle); And/or
Along with the sun passes sky, solar panels can and/or can not be to its tracking and/or tracking accuracy and/or response; And/or
Because what the restriction of available electrical energy caused limits outside heat pump performance self limit and/or pressure; And/or
The capacity (such as but not limited to one case spent hot water and/or an ice cube) that exhausts the heat energy reservoir is with release/reception heat energy.
Heat energy source that can be outside this heat energy accumulator/radiator obtains/can be because the variability inherence of thermal source/radiator self or nature and time dependent by the amount of the heat energy of its acceptance and/or temperature, this variability such as but not limited to:
The variability of the quality of fuel (such as but not limited to the quality of firewood and/or the volume energy content of moisture and/or natural gas and/or biogas); And/or
The rise of the sun/fall and/or the sun the increase/minimizing of the height on the horizon and/or the sun with the angle of variation for the surface of solar panels pass sky and/or since cloud and/or shade cause, be radiated at sunray on the solar panels stop and/or part stops; And/or
The variations in temperature of the object of the air themperature that exists naturally and/or the variation of water temperature and/or formation heat energy source, this object trend realizes the temperature balance with its surrounding environment.
At least the source of some thermal energy transfer and/or destination can be switched continuously and/or concurrently; Heat energy can be delivered to a selected storehouse from an external heat source when making at least some, and this storehouse has a mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature lower than this temperature of external heat source said the time in its thermal energy storage material said the time.
At least in some occasion; Can select this selected storehouse from following reason; It at that time is being the hottest storehouse (that is, the thermal energy storage material in this storehouse has the highest mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature) in all storehouses in the heat energy accumulator, that have the temperature that is lower than this external heat source.
At least in some occasion; Can select this selected storehouse from following reason; It is at that time consuming maximum on heat energy according to some tolerance mode; This tolerance mode such as but not limited to; Its thermal energy storage material has minimum mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature, and/or wherein this thermal energy storage material be a kind of near (no matter be the absolute measure value in this storehouse and/or to the ratio of the maximum possible metric in this storehouse) in be in fully its minimum energy state (such as but not limited to, solidify) phase change materials.
Heat energy after external heat source is delivered to selected storehouse and/or meanwhile; Possibly still there be other the possibility in storehouse of transferring heat energy in the heat energy accumulator; And can select another and/or a plurality of storehouse receive in the remaining heat energy some and/or all; These remaining heat energy can be to transmit successively potentially and/or transmit simultaneously; Its mode for (such as but not limited to) arrangement that thermal energy transfer fluid (connected from the external heat source by thermal energy transfer and be directed to one first storehouse) is connected by one or more extra thermal energy transfer further is directed to the heat-exchanger rig one or more extra storehouses successively, wherein according to these one or more extra storehouses of descending visit of mean temperature and/or the maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature of thermal energy storage material in each storehouse.
At least switch serially and/or concurrently the source of some thermal energy transfer and/or destination; Heat energy is delivered to an external heat radiator from a selected storehouse when making at least some, and this storehouse has a mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature higher than the temperature of this external heat radiator said the time in its thermal energy storage material said the time.
At least in some occasion; Can select this selected storehouse from following reason; The coldest storehouse (that is, the thermal energy storage material in this storehouse has minimum mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature) in its all storehouse in heat energy accumulator at that time, that have the temperature that is higher than external heat sink.
At least in some occasion; Can select this selected storehouse from following reason; It is the heat energy that comprises maximum at that time according to some tolerance modes; This tolerance mode such as but not limited to; Its thermal energy storage material has the highest mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature, and/or wherein this thermal energy storage material be a kind of near (no matter be the absolute measure value in this storehouse and/or to the ratio of the maximum possible metric in this storehouse) in the phase change materials that is in its highest energy state (such as but not limited to, fusing) fully.
Heat energy after selected storehouse is delivered to the external heat source and/or meanwhile; Possibly still there is other the possibility of storehouse transferring heat energy from heat energy accumulator; And can select another and/or a plurality of storehouse provide in the remaining heat energy some and/or all; These remaining heat energy can be to transmit successively potentially and/or transmit simultaneously; Its mode for (such as but not limited to) arrangement that the thermal energy transfer fluid is at first connected by one or more extra thermal energy transfer is directed to the heat-exchanger rig in one or more extra storehouses successively; Wherein, Before the thermal energy transfer connection that it is last through is directed to the external heat radiator from last storehouse, visit these one or more extra storehouses according to the mean temperature of thermal energy storage material in each storehouse and/or the descending and/or the ascending order of maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature.
The thermal energy transfer fluid can be around a loop flow, at least one storehouse of a heat energy accumulator that this loop can comprise an external heat source/radiator and be selected from the complete or collected works in these storehouses.
To radiator or from the thermal energy transfer of external source quantity and/or order and/or phase transition temperature and/or current mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or the minimum temperature in included a plurality of storehouses can be chosen to be; Make some characteristic that temperature can be suitable for and/or mate best this external source/radiator preferably of returning of any thermal energy transfer fluid of flowing back to from heat energy accumulator; Such as but not limited to; The thermal energy transfer fluid that flows into external source/radiator can transmit best and/or collect and/or repel and/or the temperature of generation and/or conversion thermal energy, such as but not limited to:
Make the thermal energy transfer fluid turn back to solar heat-collection plate one day low temperature period, make the radiation loss of this thermal-arrest plate minimum and therefore these solar panels operate as far as possible efficiently to collect heat; And/or
During night, make the thermal energy transfer fluid turn back to solar heat-collection plate; And/or
A radiator that is in high temperature; Make from the radiation loss of this panel and/or radiator maximum and therefore solar panels operate as far as possible efficiently to repel heat; And/or in the design temperature scope, making the thermal energy transfer fluid turn back to gas fired-boiler, its operation is designed to and is rated the most effective in this design temperature scope; And/or
The thermal energy transfer fluid that is in a temperature is turned back in the back boiler in the combustion of wood stove, and this moment, this thermal energy transfer fluid can not seethe with excitement and the structure of this stove can be owing to thermal stress is broken.
Quantity through changing a plurality of storehouses included in the thermal energy transfer between heat energy accumulator and at least one external source/radiator at any time and/or order and/or phase transition temperature and/or current mean temperature and/or maximum temperature and/or minimum temperature, can change the purpose of some characteristic of mating external source/radiator better and/or best at any time and keep (such as but not limited to) carry out balance between the purpose of some target value and/or some target temperature of heat energy in each storehouse.
Keep and/or realize (such as but not limited to) some target value of heat energy and/or the purpose of some target temperature can change at any time in each storehouse; This can realize through a control system, this control system regulate within this memory and to/from the thermal energy transfer of this memory.
This adjusting can be through carrying out with reference to the following: about the current and/or historical information and/or following plan of physical parameter; And/or relate to the user behavior of heat energy accumulator self and/or its storehouse and/or its thermal energy storage material; And/or directly around the environment of heat energy accumulator; And/or the demand model of any service that heat energy accumulator provided (such as but not limited to, use the production schedule of the factory of this heat energy); And/or more wide in range environment (such as but not limited to; Blocking and/or fuel that estimate and/or actual and/or the availability of electric energy of current/outdoor temperature of estimating and/or sunshine and/or cloud); And/or user behavior (such as but not limited to, user exist or do not exist and/or the user to the preferred value of comfort temperature).
External heat source can be fluid and/or comprise from the waste thermal energy of a process and/or the environment of superfluous heat energy (such as but not limited to, heating installation of in cold environment, in building, discharging and/or the cold air of warm environment, in building, discharging and/or discharge useless warm water and/or hot transmitter, before reusing, need the oil of cooling and/or the cooling fluid from fuel cell and/or methane-generating pit and/or bio-fuel production plant from bathtub and/or shower).
The external heat source can be fluid and/or comprise waste thermal energy and/or the environment of superfluous heat energy; And this heat energy can be delivered at least one storehouse; This storehouse can be selected by special because of the phase transition temperature that its thermal energy storage material had, and this phase transition temperature makes it adapt to the absorption waste thermal energy well.
Possibly not exist direct thermal energy transfer to connect (except the one or more thermal energy transfer that are connected to used heat heat energy source and/or superfluous heat energy source connect) from least one storehouse of absorbing waste thermal energy and/or superfluous heat energy to the outside radiator/heat energy source of this heat energy accumulator.
At least one thermal energy transfer at least one other storehouse possibly existing from least one storehouse of absorbing waste thermal energy and/or superfluous heat energy to this heat energy accumulator connects (comprise definitely and use machine those thermal energy transfer from the low temperature transferring heat energy to high temperature to connect).
Its effect can be used heat and/or the superfluous heat of gathering from fluid that is in a certain temperature and/or environment; This temperature is to be lower than the temperature that these used heat/surplus heats can serviceably directly be assisted the useful service of this heat energy system; And in order to realize this collection with a kind of energy transport; This energy transport is suitable for used heat/surplus heat is sent into one or more storehouses some temperature, that comprise thermal energy storage material that are in; These temperature are to be lower than the useful service that used heat/surplus heat can serviceably directly assist heat energy is used for this heat energy system; And for operative installations (such as but not limited to heat pump) is delivered to one or more high temperature storehouse (in this residing temperature in high temperature storehouse with a speed with heat energy from one or more low temperature storehouse; The useful service of this heat energy system can serviceably directly be assisted heat energy is used in this high temperature storehouse), this speed can be different in essence in the acquisition rate of discarded energy/excess energy.
Heat energy is delivered to the high temperature storehouse from the low temperature storehouse speed can be lower than heat energy and be delivered to the peak rate in low temperature storehouse from the discarded energy/superfluous energy.
At least in some occasion; Heat energy can remove and be delivered to another storehouse at least of heat energy accumulator from least one storehouse; And meanwhile, can not heat energy be added to heat energy accumulator and/or remove heat energy to the outside any radiator of this heat energy accumulator from heat energy accumulator from the outside any heat energy source of this heat energy accumulator.
The arrangement of this system can be might remove heat energy from least one storehouse and be delivered at least one other storehouse of this heat energy accumulator in some occasion at least; And meanwhile, can not heat energy be added to heat energy accumulator and/or remove heat energy to the outside any radiator of this heat energy accumulator from heat energy accumulator from the outside any heat energy source of this heat energy accumulator.
As by at least one control system and/or by the result of the effect of the designing institute of this system indication; The amount of adding the heat energy in each storehouse to can remain the amount complete equipilibrium (comprising any loss and/or the unknown losses that are caused by undesirable and/or unexpected heat transmission) with the heat energy that removes from each storehouse in a circulation; This circulation can be any duration; Such as but not limited to, several seconds and/or a few minutes and/or one hour and/or several hours and/or one day and/or several days and/or a week and/or several weeks and/or one month and/or some months and/or 1 year and/or several years.
One or more thermal energy transfer fluids can by a kind of order through and/or change its course and/or circulate via a plurality of heat exchangers with the structure thermo-contact in a plurality of storehouses; This is intended in proper order and/or is selected as maximization at any time and/or strengthens heat energy, and this heat energy extracts from heat energy and transmits fluid and be stored in the thermal energy storage material in these storehouses and/or extract from the thermal energy storage material in these storehouses and be delivered in this thermal energy transfer fluid.
The physique of this heat energy accumulator can change through following any way in the process of this system of use:
Add one or more extra storehouses to this heat energy accumulator; And/or remove one or more storehouses from this heat energy accumulator; And/or
Exchange one or more storehouses with alternative storehouse.
Between in use and/or repeatedly using, add and/or be connected to heat energy that the heat energy accumulator in one or more storehouses can add more storages in this heat energy accumulator, wherein this additional heat energy derives from:
One with the irrelevant manufacture process of this heat energy accumulator in the one or more additional storehouse that produces, this manufacture process is injected in the thermal energy storage material in these one or more additional storehouses and is suitable for the heat energy that discharges via a phase transition process subsequently; And/or
One with the irrelevant manufacture process of this heat energy accumulator in produce and subsequently (but before being added to current heat energy accumulator) in another heat energy accumulator and/or be designed to add the one or more additional storehouse of absorption heat energy in other devices of heat energy thermal energy storage material in one or more additional storehouses to this.
In the process of the thermal energy storage material in using this one or more thermal energy storage storehouse or between repeatedly using, can add and/or exchange heat energy fully and/or partly through the replacement thermal energy storage material.
To the exchange and/or the interpolation of the thermal energy storage material in one or more storehouses, further add heat energy to one or more storehouses, wherein:
Thermal energy storage material additional and/or replacement be one with the irrelevant manufacture process of this heat energy accumulator in carry out, this manufacture process is suitable for the heat energy that discharges via a phase transition process subsequently from injection in this thermal energy storage material additional and/or replacement; And/or
In another heat energy accumulator and/or be designed to add heat energy in other devices additional and/or the replacement thermal energy storage material, thermal energy storage material additional and/or replacement has absorbed heat energy.
Can allow heat with a kind of controlled way and/or not controlled way flow to the storehouse of one or more low temperature from the storehouse of one or more high temperature; And/or flow to one or more and surrounding environment this hot memory thermo-contact from the storehouse of one or more high temperature; And/or flowing to the storehouse of one or more low temperature from one or more and surrounding environment this hot memory thermo-contact, its mode is that conduction and/or radiation and/or convection current and/or heat pipe and/or the physical mechanism through heat energy transfering fluid and/or any other known thermal energy transfer come transferring heat energy.
One or more storehouses adiabatic apparatus be equipped with can so that:
Promote between one or more storehouses and one or more other the storehouse and/or one or more storehouse and this hot memory and/or and the surrounding environment of one or more storehouses thermo-contact of this hot memory between thermal insulation; And/or
As far as possible farthest eliminate and/or retrain and/or limit and/or optionally control heat; This heat is allowed to flow to from the storehouse of one or more high temperature the storehouse of one or more low temperature; And/or flow to one or more and surrounding environment this hot memory thermo-contact from the storehouse of one or more high temperature; And/or flowing to the storehouse of one or more low temperature from one or more and surrounding environment this hot memory thermo-contact, its mode is that conduction and/or radiation and/or convection current and/or heat pipe and/or the physical mechanism through heat energy transfering fluid and/or any other known thermal energy transfer come transferring heat energy.
One or more storehouses can physically separate with one or more other storehouses of identical hot memory.
These storehouses that physically separate can be used as the part of identical heat energy accumulator by this control system control.
Between one or more other storehouses of the said storehouse that physically separates and identical heat energy accumulator, might carry out thermal energy transfer.
System of the present invention can be used for heating system and/or heating service (wherein this system can be used for adding heat to this heat energy accumulator outside at least one object and/or at least one environment) is provided.
System of the present invention can be used as cooling system and/or cooling service (wherein this system can be used for removing heat from this heat energy accumulator outside at least one object and/or at least one environment) is provided.
System of the present invention can be used as a kind of in identical and/or different time not only as cooling system but also as the combined type heating and cooling system of heating system and/or be used for heating and/or cooling service (wherein this system is used to add heat to this heat energy accumulator outside at least one object and/or at least one environment, and in identical and/or different, is used for removing heat from this heat energy accumulator outside at least one object (can be different and/or identical object) and/or at least one environment (can be different and/or identical environment)) being provided in identical and/or different time.
This heating and/or combined system and/or service can be used as central type and/or distributed space heating system (such as but not limited to, be used for a building and/or a vehicle and/or a space outerpace).
This heating and/or combined system can be used for water heating (such as but not limited to, be used to heat clean water and clean and/or take a shower and/or culinary art and/or synthetic beverage and/or heating swimming pool).
This heating and/or cooling and/or combined system and/or service can be used for heating and/or cooling thermal energy transfer fluid, so that industrial process heating and/or cooling to be provided, and/or the working fluid of heating and/or refrigerating industry process directly and/or indirectly.
This heating and/or cooling and/or combined system and/or service can be used for heating heat and transmit fluid; This heat transmits fluid and is used for a machine; This machinery with heat energy and/or temperature difference convert into electric energy and/or mechanical energy (such as but not limited to; Steam piston and/or Stirling engine and/or rankine cycle engine and/or steam turbine plant; No matter and be on himself and/or be attached to a motor alternator and/or dc generator, and/or as the thermoelectric device and/or the thermionic device of generator.）
This cooling and/or combined system and/or service can be used as central type and/or distributed space cooling system and/or air-conditioning system (such as but not limited to, be used for a building and/or a vehicle and/or a space outerpace).
This cooling and/or combined system and/or service can be used as refrigeration system (such as but not limited to; Be used for domestic refrigerator and/or household freezer; And/or commercial and/or industry freezing and/or freeze memory and/or temperature control memory (such as but not limited to, potato memory) and/or cryogenic system).
The thermal energy transfer fluid of this heating and/or cooling and/or combined system and/or service can be liquid (such as but not limited to; Water and/or water-ethylene glycol mixture and/or have the water and/or the flowable oil of other additives) and/or cold-producing medium (such as but not limited to; Butane and/or propane and/or ammonia and/or R-12 and/or R-22 and/or R-134a) and/or gas (such as but not limited to, air).
At least one storehouse of this heat energy accumulator can be as a hot memory of at least one heating and/or cooling and/or combined type service.
At least one storehouse of this heat energy accumulator can be used as a hot memory, and this hot memory is used at least a service, this service at least some the time can be used for the heating and same service at least some the time can be used for the cooling.
At least one storehouse can increase on yardstick to play the effect of the large-scale heat energy reservoir that is used at least one service significantly.
This at least one service can be through (such as but not limited to) radiation wall and/or underfloor heating and/or radiation ceiling and/or cold beam and/or radiator and/or super large radiator and/or fan coil radiator and/or air treatment system provide space heating and/or cooling.
At least one storehouse of this heat energy accumulator and/or at least one subdivision at least one storehouse can with the providing a little of this service in co physically and/or near it; For this reason it be a heat energy reservoir and being selected as have one and/or a plurality of be suitable for directly driving said service (such as but not limited to; Be distributed in one or more taps; Be drawn into a domestic hot water system and/or one or more radiator and/or radiation wall and/or ceiling and/or underfloor area heated at these one or more tap hot water, these zones comprise with one or more to be had the environment and/or the direct radiation of entity of to be heated/cooling and/or passes to and/or the part in one or more storehouses of heat convection) common operating temperature range.
This system can be used for family expenses and/or commercial and/or industrial electrical equipment and/or machine, such as but not limited to, dish-washing machine, washing machine etc.; The hot-drink making machine that freezing water and/or cold drink also are provided; The hot/cold automatic vending machine of food and/or beverage; A system that is combined with the cup of a plurality of repeatedly used, heating/coolings that can recharge, this system can be at its combination phase change materials in service.
At least one storehouse and/or whole heat energy accumulator can be used as a hot/cold battery.
At least one heat energy source can be an environment and/or natural and/or discarded thermal source and/or low-temperature receiver.
The temperature of at least one heat energy source and/or heat energy are can be time dependent.
At least one heat energy source/radiator can be at least one solar thermal collector (wherein this at least one solar thermal collector can different time use with collect solar heat and/or with thermal exclusion in environment); For example include but not limited to; Use the flat-plate solar collector of the glycol water of pump circulation as the thermal energy transfer fluid; And/or the vacuum tube solar heating element that uses heat pipe to connect as thermal energy transfer; And/or roof sheet tile; And/or the use air is as the special solar air heater of thermal energy transfer fluid; And/or photovoltaic battery panel, and/or use the mixed type solar hot photovoltaic battery panel of the glycol water of heat pump and/or directly conduction and/or air and/or pump circulation as the thermal energy transfer fluid, more than these cool off through sun heating and/or through nocturnal radiation and/or convection current and/or conduction all.
At least one heat energy source/radiator can be source, a ground (wherein this at least one source, ground can be used at different time, comes to collect heat and/or repel heat to the earth from the earth) at least.
At least one heat energy source/radiator can be at least one air source (wherein this at least one air source can be used at different time, come from the air trapping heat and/or repel heat to air).
At least one heat energy source can be at least one combustion system (such as but not limited to, combustion of wood stove and/or natural gas burner and/or oil burner).
At least one heat energy source can be that (such as but not limited to, electric heater, heating is as the water of thermal energy transfer fluid at least one electric heater; And/or a resistive element, contact with thermal energy storage material direct heat in the storehouse).
At least one heat energy source can be that fan coil of used heat (can in addition via (such as but not limited to) dissipates and/or is discharged to a first environment), this used heat from least one at this heat energy accumulator outside air-conditioning and/or refrigeration system and/or heat pump (wherein main purpose is second environment of cooling).
At least one heat energy source can be that fan coil of used heat (can in addition via (such as but not limited to) and/or cooling tower dissipate and/or be discharged to a first environment and/or enter the river and/or the ocean); This used heat is from least one external system; This external system be a heating system and/or industrial process and/or heat generating system and/or machine (such as but not limited to; Internal combustion engine and/or jet engine) and/or energy conversion rate less than any other system of 100%, wherein some non-efficient partly is presented as used heat.
At least one heat energy source can be that fan coil of used heat (in addition need via (such as but not limited to) and/or cooling tower and/or Active Cooling System and/or radiator are managed and/or dissipated and/or be discharged to a first environment); This used heat produces the electronic building brick and/or the other machines of used heat from least one in its work; Comprise such as but not limited to; Computer processor and/or microprocessor and/or amplifier and/or battery and/or lighting device and/or LED illuminating lamp and/or motor and/or internal combustion engine and/or photovoltaic solar cell; Wherein this used heat not only passes through these device managements and/or dissipation and/or discharge, but also is used as the approach that a storehouse or heat energy accumulator or heat energy system obtain available thermal energy.
The equipment of at least one generation used heat can be fully and/or is partly directly embedded in one or more storehouses and/or direct and the thermo-contact of one or more storehouses.
At least one equipment that produces used heat can be at least one chemical cell; Such as but not limited to; The structure of a lithium ion battery; Wherein the thermal energy storage material of these batteries storehouse embedded and/or thermo-contact and/or word bank is selected as and strengthens these batteries and remain on a possibility in the preferred operating temperature range in work and/or when storing, thereby strengthens in security and/or the efficient and/or the usefulness of these one or more batteries one or multinomial.
At least one heat energy source can be discarded fluid (such as but not limited to; Exhaust and/or waste water (can in addition via (such as but not limited to) discharge duct and/or flue gas leading dissipate and/or are discharged to a second environment from a first environment)) the waste thermal energy that contained, these discarded fluids comprise (such as but not limited to) be in the rainwater that is higher than and/or is lower than vent air that the building of the temperature of second environment extracts and/or collect and be discharged to storm sewer on the roof from the waste water in family expenses bathroom and/or from one.
At short notice; The thermal energy storage material in one or more storehouses of heat energy accumulator can absorb the waste thermal energy of two-forty; And subsequently and/or meanwhile; Can with the heat energy that is absorbed with one different (such as but not limited to, lower) speed be relayed to identical heat energy accumulator and/or in a plurality of other storehouses of its outside a plurality of source/radiators.
Possibly need a Active Cooling System (such as but not limited to, heat pump), because the adhoc buffer of the thermal energy storage material in the one or more storehouses through this heat energy accumulator has reduced the peak value cooling load of waste thermal energy than low capacity.
Eliminate a plurality of fans and/or pump and/or heat pump and/or reduce its size and/or capacity can obtain a kind of cooling system, this cooling system is quieter significantly and/or produce vibration still less and/or use energy still less.
At least one heat energy source can be at least one connection that is connected at least one Zone heating, system.
At least one heat energy source can be at least one room and/or other internal environments; Wherein used heat be owing to (such as but not limited to) metabolism of people and/or animal produces and/or uses device and/or the solar energy of generation used heat to gain and cause accumulating; Solar energy gain is because solar energy passes window and/or other spaces, open so that the visible and/or ultraviolet in these windows and/or other spaces and/or infra-red radiation gets into and absorbed and cause heat energy and/or temperature to rise and/or as longer infrared and/or other heat radiations of wavelength and by radiation again and/or heat the air in this room by the one or more surfaces in this room.This at least one heat energy source is at least one room and/or other environment of accumulation used heat; This at least one heat energy source can be connected to this heat energy accumulator through at least one thermal energy transfer connection; This at least one thermal energy transfer connects and comprises and be designed to from this at least one room and/or other environment extract all or part of of a system of waste thermal energy, this system comprise (such as but not limited to) be present in air handling system and/or a comfort cooling system and/or a radiation cooling system in these one or more rooms and/or other environment and/or be designed to alternately some time extract waste thermal energy and other the time transmit desirable heat.
At least one heat energy radiator can be room and/or the environment that needs heating and/or cooling.
Is connected with thermal energy transfer between room that needs heating and/or cooling and/or the environment in the whole of this heat energy accumulator and/or at least one storehouse at least one that can comprise in the following (such as but not limited to): the delivery heat transmit fluid (like ethylene glycol and/or R134a and/or air) pipeline and/or conduit loop and/or network and/or heat pipe and/or directly conduct and/or radiation delivery, thereby at least one in the following of transferring heat energy: radiation wall and/or underfloor heating and/or radiation ceiling and/or cold beam and/or radiator and/or super large radiator and/or fan unit tubular type radiator and/or air treatment system.
This room and/or environment can constitute a position; Wherein preserved perishable article (such as but not limited to; The biology of food and/or biological sample and/or previous survival) with delay putrefaction process and/or fresh-keeping; Such as but not limited to, storeroom and/or family expenses and/or commercial and/or industrial refrigerator and/or household freezer and/or refrigerator and/or vehicle and/or container and/or low-temperature storage device and/or mortuary.
One or more storehouses of a heat energy accumulator can be connected to a heat energy source/radiator; This heat energy source/radiator comprises that use heat energy comes the device of control air humidity; Such as but not limited to; Thereby thereby be cooled to malaria under its dew point and make steam freeze-out also reduce air humidity through removing heat energy; And/or after this increase heat energy, thereby and/or increase heat energy and in water, make the evaporation of part water and increase airborne humidity with the now dry comfortable temperature of air to a user of heating once more.
Surplus and/or the discarded heat from cooling system is stored during being used in time on daytime and/or any other peak heat load in one or more storehouses of heat energy accumulator; Make can after time dump heat; This moment, conditions permit sent energy to come down in torrents less to utilize extra pumping energy and/or heat pump; Such as but not limited to, colder and/or solar panels can radiations heat energy during to the night sky when air themperature during night.
Surplus and/or the discarded heat from cooling system is stored during being used in time on daytime and/or any other peak heat load in one or more storehouses of heat energy accumulator; Make can after time dump heat; This time is selected as and makes any required extra pumping energy and/or heat pump send energy will have lower cost and/or more available; Such as but not limited to, when the night rate of the lower cost of civil power is effective with/when wind produces electric energy and/or mechanical energy on wind turbine.
Between a plurality of storehouses and/or from/send and/or pumping can take place a time (at least in some cases and/or at least in some occasion) to any heat pump of the heat energy in a plurality of storehouses and heat energy radiator/source; This time is selected as and makes any required extra pumping and/or heat pump send and/or heat and/or the energy that cools off will have lower cost and/or more available; Such as but not limited to, when the night rate of the lower cost of civil power is effective with/when wind on the wind turbine and/or solar light irradiation in photovoltaic panel when producing electric energy and/or mechanical energy.
Between a plurality of storehouses and/or from/send and/or pumping can (at least in some cases and/or at least in some occasion) select a time to take place to any heat pump of the heat energy in a plurality of storehouses and heat energy radiator/source; This moment, the temperature in these storehouses and/or heat energy radiator/source was to make source and the temperature difference between the destination of each thermal energy transfer for best and/or preferred and/or than other the time better (no matter being based on the performance in the future of historical record and/or prediction), so that reduce the use of extra pumping and/or that heat pump send and/or the energy that heats and/or cool off.
Being used for changing mutually of thermal energy storage can be the one or more of the following:
Solid is molten into liquid and/or identical liquid is solidified as solid, is accompanied by to absorb and/or discharge heat energy, and (for example, wax melts no matter this fusing and solidifying occurs in same temperature or different temperatures; Metal molten, especially selected congruent melting metal alloy fusing; The salt fusing; Salt is melted to low-temperature ionic liquids); And/or
Salt and/or contain the variation of hydration status of the salt of the crystallization water is accompanied by and absorbs and/or discharge heat energy; And/or
The crystal structure of material is another kind of configuration from a kind of topographical variations, is accompanied by to absorb and/or discharge heat energy; (for example, Na 2SO 4Become cubic crystal structure from orthorhombic crystalline structure); And/or
Steam and/or other gas and/or liquid are from the surface and/or on the surface, from material structure and/or the absorption to material structure and/or absorption and/or desorb and/or evaporation and/or condense; Be accompanied by absorb and/or discharge heat energy (for example, silica gel/steam) and/or;
Absorb and/or discharge material and/or the physics of material system and/or any other variation of chemical state of heat energy; Wherein said variation is reversible, and at least more than a Reversible Cycle, does not have the loss of substantial energy absorption and/or storage and/or release capacity.
This changes mutually and can in one or more subranges of said one or more temperature or these temperature, absorb and/or discharge in fact than following situation more energy: only consider heat energy that in one or more subranges of said one or more temperature or these temperature, absorb as specific heat and/or release.
One or more thermal energy storage material can with one or more additive combinations to improve desirable performance and/or to suppress undesirable performance and/or otherwise change this transformation effect mutually, wherein the effect of these additives be (such as but not limited to) one or more in the following:
Revise and change temperature and/or the one or more temperature range that takes place mutually; And/or
When fixing salt and/or metal and/or water and/or any other liquid, promote nucleation; And/or
Promote the nucleation of the desirable salt that contains the crystallization water and/or suppress undesirable nucleation that contains the salt of the crystallization water; And/or
Optionally when control is carried out nucleation and/or is solidified and/or crystallization and/or any other transformation mutually that releases energy; And/or
Control nucleation and/or solidify and/or crystallization and/or any other phase rate of transition that releases energy and the related rate that discharges with heat energy; And/or
Promote the repeatability of a plurality of circulations that change mutually of heat absorption release heat energy afterwards; And/or
The increase of the loop number that changes mutually of the release heat energy in the service life of promotion thermal energy storage material after the heat absorption; And/or
Promote the available labour time of thermal energy storage material and/or the increase of working preceding shelf life; And/or
Strengthen the thermal conductivity of thermal energy storage material; And/or
Any other desirable modification that changes performance mutually to these one or more thermal energy storage material.
One or more thermal energy storage material and / or additives can be selected to promote and / or to optimize the trade-off between the following: their cost and / or security and / or physical density and / or the phase transition temperature and / or absorbed during phase transformation and / or release of energy and / or the phase transformation characteristics and / or minimize the phase shift from one side to the other side of the volume change, and / or a narrow range of phase transition temperature and the degree of / or when the absorption and / or release of energy when the phase transition temperature of their similarities and / or differences and / or release and / or absorption of heat of repeatability and / or subsequent release of energy absorbed and the energy loss and associated / or thermal conductivity and / or material compatibility and / or in accordance with the thermal energy storage system by the designer and / or users and / or targets established by the purchaser and / or legal indicators and / or safety indicators and / or any other design and / or use and / or other physical properties useful indicators.
In the incident of trunk power failure, system of the present invention can through allow heat via (such as but not limited to) steam piston and/or Stirling transmitter and/or rankine cycle engine and/or steam turbine plant (no matter be on himself and/or be attached to a motor alternator and/or dc generator and/or as the thermoelectric device and/or the thermionic device of generator) be delivered to colder storehouse from hotter storehouse and come to carry out self-power supply for its some function at least.
System of the present invention can also carry out dynamic compensation (for example, fusion temperature over time to the thermal energy storage material performance; The acutance of fusion temperature).
System of the present invention can also not only be used for heating but also be used for cooling; Wherein at least one storehouse can be as a heat energy source so that increase the temperature of one or more heat energy radiators, and meanwhile and/or in different, can be used as the heat energy radiator so that reduce the temperature of one or more heat energy sources.Hot memory of the present invention can also comprise two storehouses, so there is not the heat pump in the thermal energy transfer connection to send equipment between them.
Use the present invention also to allow through letting water add hot water through several storehouses that are in the phase transition temperature of continuous rising.This allows the heat of combined grade is used to add hot water.
The described heat energy accumulator of the application can be represented the multiple technology of utilizing again after being provided with in the hot reservoir that stores the energy in.Said these technology can be used for the energy requirement between balance daytime and night.This hot reservoir can maintain (that is, hotter) on the temperature of surrounding environment or under the temperature of (that is, colder).
More embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
1. one or more MCPCM heat energy accumulators (" heat energy accumulator ") can be integrated in the intelligent grid and serve as one or more the virtual schedulable load on this electrical network with (generally), reduce with this realization demand.When causing this electrical network to become unsettled danger because of too high demand status; Perhaps make and judge and to think obstruction (shed) load but not when to start multiple generator more be more economical, a plurality of elements of these heat energy accumulators can switch to the lower power of extraction or close fully:
A plurality of heat pumps in these heat energy accumulators of;
is exclusively used in from a plurality of circulating pumps of external heat source (like solar panels or waste water heat recovery system (" WWHR ")) transferring heat energy, valve etc.
Some element only is closed the limited time period (when under the threshold value of the perception that is in the user):
is used for providing from these heat energy accumulators a plurality of circulating pumps, valve etc. of local service (for example, space heating, cooling), and these heat energy accumulators can accept because the short interruption that the thermal inertia in space heating or that cool off causes.
Yet some element under normal circumstances can't be closed in the scene that demand reduces:
control logic (its power is lower in a word);
is used for a plurality of circulating pumps, valve of providing from these heat energy accumulators time-critical sex service (for example, hot water) etc.;
The net effect of electrical network is to reduce load and can alleviate the unstability situation, or avoided dispatching the needs of extra generating effect.The local user of each heat energy accumulator does not perceive the interruption of service, because through extracting the local provisioning that the heat energy of storing in this hot memory continues heat, hot water or cooling.Can make the decision that reduces or close the element of each hot memory through following manner:
monitors (artificial or automatic) with central type or distributed control device; This causes making the decision of minimizing from the demand of one group of selected hot memory; Send a command to these hot memories (wirelessly, through the internet, through power line etc.) afterwards with partly outage, or
The sign that responds to each hot memory the electric net overload in the input of himself trunk electric power independently (for example; Low pressure situation or frequency instability), and use the internal decision making logic (though be pre-programmed, self study or through the policy of a central facilities transmission remote update) when partly decide interrupt power.
2. hot memory can combine to form one and half autonomous hot memories with a battery (this battery can from electrical network (but whenever electric power time spent), local power supply (for example, photovoltaic generator or biogas generator) or its combination charging once more).In above 1 determined situation, this hot memory can take orders and break off (further reducing load) with complete and electrical network, and a complete set of local service still is provided simultaneously.
This arrangement also provides disaster recovery power, and wherein electrical network possibly interrupt (owing to natural calamity, operate miss, rolling blackouts (rolling blackouts) etc.) with unexpected mode.When one and half autonomous hot memories detect its trunk input electric power when entirely ineffective; Should can switch to the electric power that only uses from the storage of internal cell in half autonomous hot memory, and only be fed to the service (perhaps battery life is provided and keeps the clear and definite balance between which kind of service) of most critical to the user.
Pay special attention to: storage and electrification can be all through using direct current (DC) to accomplish in this half autonomous hot memory, and prerequisite is that the key service that need keep is to use a plurality of DC electronic devices, pump etc. to carry out.This can be avoided the cost of an inner inverter, although in some configuration, must use (for example, when AC pump or heat pump form key service a part of).
One and half autonomous hot memories also can be at supply of electric power limited heating regional without interruption, cooling and hot water, only certain rationing in several hours in a day, in a planned way or not regularly.
3. add an inverter to one half an autonomous hot memory and set up a heat of mixing/electrical storage, this heat of mixing/electrical storage:
is between planned or planless turnoff time; Keep the heat service of above-described key simultaneously; The electric power that key can also be provided in affected building is (for this application; Combining inverter is best, but for the protection of isolated island effect prevention, a suitable electrical network cut-off switch is necessary).
provides extra stabilization of power grids sex service, as in the demand peak to the electric power of providing support property of local power grid (for this application, needing a combining inverter).
More than 1,2,3 all can combine and provide with multiple service, the amount of the electrical network support service that is provided with monitoring reports to owner, user, electric grid operating person and supply of electric power company with it; And reward this owner through discounting or direct payment on their supply of electric power bill.The common cost of the service of these kinds is huge, but like " spinning reserve (spinning reserve) " or the frequency support of fast dispatch.
4. for the situation of breaking off fully with electrical network; One and half autonomous hot memories can be formed by connecting through the electric power that removes any electrical network and be complete autonomous hot memory; And the electric power that is sent by this locality fully is provided to it; No matter be from the reproducible energy, like photovoltaic, or conventional generation mode.
In order to reduce cost, in any case desirable be to avoid in the case in this system, needing inverter.PV plate etc. has produced DC electric power.Cheap electronic device can control to the storage of battery and calling from battery.If the remainder of the hot memory that this is autonomous has been equipped with DC equipment (comprising a plurality of electronic devices, pump, valve and heat pump) fully, then can eliminate the demand to the AC inverter to DC.
5. desirable is to comprise that a kind of inverter can provide the heat service of outage that combine with electric power to set up one, the complete autonomous heat of mixing/electrical storage.In the case, local generating capacity and internal cell must have enough big size, with the required all electric power of all electrical loads of the building of all operations that this hot memory is provided and this outage.
6. the various forms of the hot memory of the electric power that can accept to send this locality and derivative (being listed in above 2 to 5) or any other similar variant can further carry out integrated through combining needed all control electronic devices of selected local energy source and powered electronic devices; For example, the employed MPPT maximum power point tracking device of a string photovoltaic (" PV ") plate.
7. the various forms of the hot memory of the electric power that can accept to send this locality and derivative (being listed in above 2 to 6) or any other similar variant can be arranged to some ability that does not have battery and still keep proposing emphatically.For example, a hot memory (lack battery, but be equipped with a combining inverter) that is equipped with all circuit to cooperate with the PV plate can provide demand reduction effect at any time; Support according to the limited local power grid electric power of demand supply in the several hrs by day; PV electric power through using this locality to send reduces family's energy consumption cost to drive this hot memory; And but the PV electric power time spent of working as surplus is fed to electrical network (family being benefited through clean metering or electrical network repurchase) with it.
8. the various forms of the hot memory of the electric power that can accept to send this locality and derivative (being listed in above 2 to 7) or any other similar variant can preferentially use with a local energy source in combination; This this locality energy source produces the heat energy and the electric energy (" local CHP generator ") of combination jointly, as:
fuel cell (generate heat simultaneously and generate electricity);
diesel-driven generator (engine waste heat of releasing);
mixing PV/ heat trap, wherein PV covers on the flat-plate solar collector of a routine;
solar heat electric generator (for example, trough concentrator, Fresnel concentrator, solar column), wherein sunshine concentrates on a point or the line water (or ammonia) vaporized, after this is used for generating electricity at turbine.The used heat problem of disposal aspect (otherwise have) can partly be made a detour to provide heat energy to arrive this hot memory.
The advantage that local CHP generator has is: single device (with two apparatus in comparison of separating, take less space potentially, and cost still less) not only provided required heat energy but also provided required electric energy to drive this hot memory (or derivative).
9. in above 8, the output of this this locality CHP generator can be adjusted to by this locality the demand of electric energy is guided (in the case, this heat energy can be considered a kind of used heat of form, and this used heat is had an opportunity to be collected in and is provided with the back in this hot memory and uses).Alternately, when main demand be to heat demand, or when the demand of heat surpassed the demand to electric power, can control this regulating action satisfying whole heat demands, thereby generate the electric power of the surplus that exceeds local needs.For being connected to a supply of electric power net and can exporting superfluous electric power and the unit that collects payment through the electrical network repurchase, this can the attractive profit of output.
Yet, use the situation of local CHP generator, battery and a hot memory during for outage, when the demand of (in over a long time) thermal steering caused producing than the more electric power of the local employable electric power of institute, " discarded electric power " will be a problem.In the case; An embodiment preferred is controlled to be the lower level (this level can not produce enough heats to satisfy whole heat loads) that outputs to of regulating this this locality CHP generator; But the electric energy of surplus is provided with the amount of careful selection still: the gap between heat that the electric energy of abundance is produced to dwindle and the required heat, when electric energy is used for combining to drive when this heat is stored these heat pumps of (or a plurality of outside heat pump) realization with the used heat or the local source (for example air source) of inferior grade heat.
10. an integrated solar collector merges a solar heat-collection plate and a hot memory that is integrated in this thermal-arrest plate.In a concrete arrangement, phase change materials can be used in local integrated hot memory, maybe can be one with this integrated MBPCM hot memory (referring to Figure 12), solar panels part.
Embodiment begins with the solar collector of a standard, and this solar collector comprises:
Glass cover-plate of;
Metal collecting board of (covering among the TiNOX or other coating for selective absorption);
A delivery of heat transmits the serpentine pipe of fluid (" HTF "), adheres to this metallic plate;
Structural framing of is used to support above each item, has been equipped with back heat guard and side heat guard.
In a concrete embodiment, this metallic plate and serpentine pipe can be replaced by one (for example, the PCM compound thin slice of dimensionally stable 1000x500x20mm), one of them serpentine pipe embed in it or be attached in its back.
This PCM fusion temperature can be selected as with this application and adapt, for example, when target be do not need from the maximum heat energy of solar light collection high-grade when hot (for example; The heating of underfloor; It can be by directly driving from the loop of this plate), select the PCM (such as 32 ° of C) of a lower temperature, perhaps when target when being some minimum level of acquisition hot (for example adding hot water); Just select the PCM (such as 58 ° of C) of a higher temperature
The insulator that low-melting PCM possibly need is less, for example, maybe not need cover-plate glass on this integrated gatherer.
In a system layout, the collector plate that is integrated with several kinds of different melting points PCM can be arranged to provide the heat of being collected and storing in different temperature according to demand by the remainder of this system, the for example plate of 32 ° of C, 45 ° of C and 58 ° of C.Through making the cold person in charge pass 32 ° of C, 45 ° of C and 58 ° of C plates step by step successively the domestic hot water is provided (" DHW "); Therefore the gatherer of the roof of a building (directly) solar heat both was provided, the memory action in the formula PCM hot memory, many storehouses of a distribution that is integrated in this gatherer was provided again.
In a kind of like this system, different gatherers can more optimally be placed on different angles and position, for example:
32 ° of C plates of (mainly drive under the floor heating) on the steep roof of about 60 degree that tilt or even face on the wall in south one because this optimized in autumn, the heat collection in heating season in winter and spring.
58 ° of C plates of are on the shallow roof of about 35 degree that tilts, because this has optimized the average of the whole year heat collection that is used to produce hot water.
This PCM compound can have carbon or the another kind that is mixed in its composition strengthens conductive material.In addition or alternately; A kind of selectivity absorbing material such as TiNOX (or a kind of substitute; This substitute also is owing to its performance is selected as a kind of heat conduction reinforce) can be incorporated in this PCM compound (or being coated on it); With the absorption of promotion visible light, ultraviolet ray and short infrared, and the emission of minimizing long-wave infrared.
Alternate embodiment can comprise:
is encapsulated in this PCM in the thin-wall metal box that a size is fit to, if this PCM is not in a compound or be not dimensionally stable;
applies selective absorber on the outer surface of cupular part of this can.
adds fin to this serpentine pipe, so that the heat transfer effect that strengthens via a kind of heat conduction reinforcing material in this PCM compound is substituted or replenishes;
is at the inner floor that uses of this can, makes not only increased thermal conductivity but also rigidity (for example, via an aluminium honeycomb) is provided, thereby allows the wall of this can thinner;
gas-tight seal thin layer is to avoid this PCM because of losing moisture along with change of time degraded (under the situation of the salt PCM that contains the crystallization water);
The flexiplast of a pillow shape or rubber or similar outer barrier film (suitably preparing) with integrated selective absorber material, it can expand and shrink with the fusing of permission PCM and the Volume Changes when solidifying;
11. in an alternate embodiment; This solar collector can be a plurality of vacuum tube gatherers; Each vacuum tube gatherer comprises an outer glass pipe, an interior minister and narrow collector plate and heat pipe; This heat pipe is used for the end heat-carrying to this glass tube, and wherein it will use mobile heat transmission fluid to carry out heat exchange routinely.
Replace, this heat pipe can extend in a PCM piece or the container (to have suitable heat exchange structure, comprises fin and/or heat conduction reinforcing agent).Therefore, this heat pipe can directly transmit collection solar heat to local PCM memory.This heat pipe further extends beyond the heat exchanger of upper end to a routine of this PCM, and this will allow heat to be delivered to mobile heat from this PCM and transmit fluid.
Alternately, this order can be collecting board, heat exchanger, PCM hot memory.This will allow to be confirmed by the flow velocity of the HTF of this heat exchanger of flowing through, but when heat be to remove immediately or be stored among this PCM for using subsequently in the time spent.In order more subtly it being controlled, and to handle the loss of evening, can to use a heat pump or a changeable heat pipe with diode via this solar collector.
When not having the HTF fluxion strap to walk heat, vacuum tube can become under sunlight direct projection effect usually very hot (about 200 ° of C).This high temperature is called the stagnation temperature.This causes the risk of vacuum tube collecting board fire damage.Because the heat loss of solar heat-collection plate (with the mode of conduction or LONG WAVE INFRARED radiation) increases along with the rising of temperature; So being remained on low temperature, these solar panels will make it be not easy to be damaged and efficient more (that is, they will from the more usable heat of incident sunlight collecting).Through selecting suitable substance P CM fusion temperature, for example, 58 ° of C as long as this PCM does not all melt, just can turn down the temperature of this vacuum tube, and relaxing will appear in the speed that after this rises to this stagnation temperature.
PCM can be substituting ground or additionally be integrated under the collecting board in this vacuum tube, be additional to or be alternative in PCM is integrated in an end of this pipe or in this manifold.
This method can allow directly to transform through the PCM hot memory that is combined with the vacuum tube gatherer vacuum tube gatherer of formula ground alternate standard.Alternately, standard vacuum can combine the improved manifold of PCM hot memory, this this locality to use with one.Therefore, existing systems can escalate into the storing heat at the place, source compactly, allows it to transmit heat at night, more effectively prevents cause thermal damage and with higher efficient work.
Being noted that again might integrated a plurality of different gatherer with different PCM temperature.For example, single vacuum.
12. in an alternate embodiment of above 11, along each heat pipe several PCM storehouse can be arranged successively, each storehouse has different melting temperature (referring to Figure 13).Usually, these temperature can have near the minimum temperature of this vacuum tube with away from the maximum temperature of this vacuum tube.Therefore, the inferior grade heat of small throughput (for example, cloudy condition) will at first be used in the coldest storehouse, and for example, 40 ° of C heats get in 32 ° of C storehouses, but too cold and can't get into 45 ° of C or above storehouse.Along with more high-grade, more high-throughout heat becomes available (for example, sunlight comes out) from cloud layer, too many heat is just arranged; And can't enough apace heat absorption be arrived this first low temperature storehouse (its capacity is with saturated); So remaining heat will be farther along this heat pipe delivery, and be absorbed in the high temperature storehouse, for example; The heat of 80 ° of C in the solar collector of 100W; The storehouse of 32 ° of C can absorb (and absorption) 10W with this Δ T, and the storehouse of 45 ° of C can absorb (and absorption) 40W, and the storehouse of 58 ° of C absorbs remaining heat.Possibly need the thermal diode of some kind can not leak into the storehouse of lower T subsequently from the storehouse of high T between this heat pipe at different levels to guarantee heat.Alternately, switchable heat pipe adds that decision logic can select which storehouse heat is delivered on one's own initiative.
13. in another embodiment of an integrated gatherer solar energy hot plate, keep conventional panel solar plate structure, and a local MBCPM hot memory is local integrated with each solar panels or solar panel group.
For example, the PCM storehouse (having a plurality of all-in-one-piece heat exchange mechanisms separately) that has three thermal insulation of 32 ° of C of fusing point, 45 ° of C and 58 ° of C can be integrated under the flat panel collector of a routine.Whenever gathered enough heats to heat this HTF to 32 ° of C from the sun, a local circulating pump (perhaps by little local PV plate power supply) adds that a plurality of suitable valves and control logic will make HTF circulate through these solar panels.This HTF can arrive how high (definite by a little radiancy sensor on 32 ° of C; Or the power that produced by a local PV plate of induction) whether with HTF only be routed to the integrated storehouse of 32 ° Cs if will be used in decision, or also/be routed to the storehouse of 45 ° of C and/or 58 ° of C with replacing.
(over-ride) order of going beyond one's commission of outside will be provided with these valves and collects heat to allow the flow through temperature in a selected storehouse of HTF; And (heat of for example, collecting 32 ° of C is to drive underfloor heating with acting with its some other part that is delivered to a system; Collect 45 ° of C or 58 ° of C heats to drive a radiator loop; Or the heat of collecting 32 ° of C, 45 ° of C and 58 ° of C is to put into heat a central MBPCM hot memory for hot water is provided subsequently).Also can order this this locality pump to move with a plurality of pumps of other integrated gatherer solar panels; To allow them in combination around this HTF of this system's pumping; Thereby eliminate demand, and make this system and the quantity of the solar panels of being disposed directly adjust pump power pro rata other pumps.
14. an alternative arrangement (and having and above 11 similar attributes) above 12; This collector plate is replaceable to be a flat hot pipe (sometimes being also referred to as a ultra flat pipe (Megaflat)); Thereby the delivery heat is to one of this gatherer several insulation PCM storehouse afterwards; The suitable design of using a plurality of heat pumps is to allow (through opening or closing a plurality of reservoirs) in selected independent storehouse of any given time; And use a kind of method of heat pump thermal diode, this method can prevent that heat from turning back to this collector plate for radiation again.
15. in the alternative arrangement of any one in above 11 to 14, can be via a thermoelectric device (or other shaped solid state heat pumps devices of equal value,, be commonly referred to " TED " like thermionic device) and is connected to relevant heat pipe in each PCM storehouse.When the temperature in this heat pipe surpassed the fusion temperature in this storehouse, heat will pass through this TED and flow in this storehouse, and produced the electric current that can gather in the crops.Otherwise when the temperature in this heat pipe was lower than the temperature in this storehouse, with making decision to spend the electric energy among this TED, heat can be pumped in this storehouse like this.This TED also can stay under the condition that does not have hot-fluid in fact.(referring to Figure 14, it has provided the details to 12 modification.The top of figure shows the storehouse that is connected to heat pipe through thermoelectric device (TED); The middle part shows 32 ° of C storehouses and is connected to heat pump through the TED by current drives, and this heat pump gets into the storehouse from 20 ° of C heat pipes; The bottom shows the heat transmission through TED ° C heat pipe from storehouse to 20, thereby produces electric current.）
16. in another embodiment, photovoltaic energy conversion efficient (light to) reduces along with the rising of operating temperature usually, usually 0.5%/° C nearly.Consider a kind of solar panels, it is 1000W/m under 20 ° of C 2Sunlight acceptance of the bid be decided to be 100W/m 2(ventilation effect at the solar panels back side is relatively poor on the roof) in actual use can be heated under full exposure above 80 ° of C.This reduces 30% with its energy conversion efficiency, to 70W/m 2
This PV material is covered in position or it is bonded on any front/top surface of above 9 to 16 solar energy hot plate, can form a kind of PV+ heat energy plate.The selection for example PCM temperature of 20 ° of C possibly cause this PV to have more performance, even because directly also can hold it near 20 ° of C (prerequisite is that concrete design provides the sufficient heat exchange between this PV material and this PCM) under sunshine.This can form the part of a hot memory, and other PV plates of one of them central hot memory or solar energy hot plate or other storehouses can comprise the PCM of other temperature (like 32 ° of C or 45 ° of C).
17. in another embodiment; Transparent solar energy PV material can form any cover-plate glass a part or with its replacement; This cover-plate glass is applied on any solar energy hot plate of above 9 to 16 or on above 16 the PV+ heat energy plate; Transparent in the case PV material can be optimised for the solar spectrum that only absorbs a part of incident, and propagates rest parts, and the PV material that directly overlays simultaneously on this solar energy hot plate is optimised for the part that absorbs complementation.
18. in any embodiment of PV+ heat energy plate above 16 or 17; For the PV material layer that directly overlays above 9 to 16 the solar energy hot plate that is positioned at the below; Further advantageously this PV material infrared or other wavelength are transparent for some; These wavelength can't absorb through optimizing the PV material, and for the thermal element that is positioned at the below, further advantageously use a kind of selectivity absorber such as TiNOX to apply or are blended in its a kind of compound.
19. have a plurality of radiators of integrated local PCM hot memory may be embodied as with above 9,13,14 or 15 integrated gatherer solar energy hot plate based on PCM similar, yet omitted any cover-plate glass and selectivity absorber (or transfer be fit to well carry out heat exchange with it) with an environment that remains heating and cooling.For example, this radiator can be constructed to a ceiling patch block or conventional radiator, adopt to/radiativity and a kind of immixture of convection current transmission hot in nature in the room of to be heated/cooling arranged from one.Use these mechanisms as above 9,13,14 or 15; Hot-fluid between the hot storage medium of PCM in this room and each radiator can (for example be opened or close; Use a plurality of switchable heat pipes) otherwise or (for example, using the heat pump of any kind of that comprises thermoelectric device).If the PCM that some radiator comprised has the fusion temperature different with other; Then system with a lot of this radiators or plate can form a distributed heat memory (no matter be to comprise the pipelines that heat transmits fluid and connect via a plurality of, perhaps radioactive exposure or convection current contact purely with this room).
If radiator (for example comprises several PCM storehouses that are in different fusion temperatures and multiple arrangement; A plurality of switchable heat pumps) flow between this room and selected storehouse to allow heat to be controlled as in any given time, then single radiator can be a hot memory.
20. a concrete embodiment of above 19 radiator is a ceiling panel; This ceiling panel comprises that (fusing point is 18 ° of C for the PCM storehouse of two thermal insulation; Another fusing point is 24 ° of C); It has a plurality of suitable inside fins or heat conduction reinforcing material flows out to a flat hot pipe or from it to allow heat, and this flat hot pipe is arranged to form the basal surface of this ceiling patch block at another point, thereby makes itself and a room radioactive exposure (referring to Figure 15).This heat pipe comprises a switching mechanism, and this changeable mechanism allows heat mobilely is controlled as the storehouse that flows to 18 ° of C from this room or flows to this room from the storehouse of 24 ° of C.Can use the heat pump (for example, thermoelectric device or steam compression heat pump) of an insertion to come to move the storehouse of heat to 24 ° C from the storehouse of 18 ° of C.Should arrange through control, each patch block can help:
prevents outside the scope of indoor temperature away from 18 ° of C to 24 ° of C (when indoor temperature begins to surpass 24 ° of C, to allow heat to storehouse that storehouse or (too much if heat load becomes) of 24 ° of C flows to 24 ° of C and 18 ° of C simultaneously; When indoor temperature drops to 18 ° of C when following, allow heat to flow out from the storehouse of 24 ° of C and 18 ° of C simultaneously) from storehouse or (too fast) of 18 ° of C if indoor temperature reduces.
realizes temperature that user select to the storehouse of these 18 ° of C or from the storehouse interpolation heat of these 24 ° of C to this room through remove heat from this room in the scope of 18 ° of C to 24 ° of C.
After work a period of time, the heat in the storehouse of the 24 ° of C of cold-peace in the storehouse of 18 ° of C will exhaust.The work of the heat pump that inserts will recover cold-peace heat through the storehouse pumping heat from storehouse to the 24 ° C of 18 ° of C.Because Δ T less (being merely 6 ° of C in this example), this COP will higher (even using thermoelectric device).
In summer, unnecessary heat will little by little be accumulated in the storehouse of 24 ° of C.This can remove through usual manner, for example through make cool night air through the ceiling space in the ceiling patch block and the extension that switches this heat pipe to get rid of heat in this air-flow.Alternately, when the storehouse of 24 ° of C of needs is cooled, can preheat cold water through using its heat.This can through in each patch block, have entry that a sucking fit formula (push-fit) is responsible for and water outlet port and with its with internal valves and simply control logic combine and realize; When needs are got rid of superfluous heat; Switch current cooling off the storehouse of these 24 ° of C, or walk around the storehouse of these 24 ° of C at other times.Therefore, this ceiling patch block can form this water heating system a part with supply DHW to this building.
In winter, when there is the net heat load in the room (, some heats spill into the external world in 24 hours time period, and if ignore the indoor temperature that finally will be cooled to the external world), this ceiling patch block can:
handles internal thermal load peak value (for example, the heat load during the peak service time during the kitchen, dining room prepares food or in the office) through storing heat to the storehouse of these 18 ° of C;
removes heat to adiabatic memory at night; Its mode (reduces the Δ T between this room and the external world for when one day finishes, cooling off this room to 18 ° C; So reduce cooldown rate), this heat is stored in one group of adiabatic good storehouse and uses night cheap electric power this heat to be pumped in the storehouse of this 24 ° of C (in the process of adding heat and adding heat from the electric energy that is used for the pumping heat from the storehouse of these 18 ° of C) at night;
Before begins on weekdays, use the heat in these 24 ° of C storehouses to preset temperature to the comfortable level in this room.
The controller that can use a centralization (for example; On webpage) following policy is set: the time that removes and return heat; Several different hours of every day, several days (like weekend) in a week need the temperature that satisfies; Or period that can heating/cooling in the rollback section (set-back band) (for example school vacation) of broadness, and notify each ceiling patch block (control logic and temperature sensor that can comprise himself) to communicate by letter this policy then.
Have different target temperatures through different patch blocks is set, use this method even very fine Region control possibly is provided, wherein the part in room can be provided with temperature to one as target, and another part is a target with a different temperature that is provided with.Technological (for example with Active Badges or other human body tracking; The local bluetooth that is connected to individual mobile phone connects) combine; Unique user can be provided with their individual temperature preferred value and let these preferred values in a building, follow them (when people get together; A kind of strategy will determine this target temperature, for example through getting the mean value of individual goal).
21. the PCM storehouse that an alternate embodiment of above 20 can have a single thermal insulation (for example; 24 ° of C); Add a thermoelectric device (" TED "), this thermoelectric device is connected to a heat spreader (perhaps being a plane formula heat pipe) (referring to Figure 16) with this storehouse.Through allowing heat to flow to this heat spreader through this TED from this PCM, can release heat to improve indoor temperature to any selected temperature that just is lower than 24 ° of C.(this also will produce a little electric current, and this little electric current will leave in the battery in this locality and supply to reuse subsequently).Through driving an electric current through this TED, heat can be pumped in this PCM from this heat spreader, for example this room is cooled to any temperature under 24 ° of C.In this embodiment, carry out work with complete off-peak electric power exclusively and be no advantage, yet, with getting into this PCM memory and from its heat that comes out and inflow with flow out the ability that the offset current of a battery exchanges and can compensate.
(" HRV ") unit or force ventilation (" MVHR ") with recuperation of heat have been reclaimed heat from the heating installation of discharging 22. a recuperation of heat is ventilated; The heating installation of discharging leaves a warm building (arriving a colder outdoor environment), and the air of fresh entering that the heat transmission that is recovered is delivered to immediately adverse current is with its preheating.
The embodiment of a hot memory provides a kind of delay or store M VHR:
is in the situation of a colder environment for a warm building; Be connected to the PCM storehouse (heat via a plurality of heat pipes or circulation transmits fluid, etc.) of the thermal insulation that a plurality of melting temperatures reduce gradually along the heat exchanger of a plurality of separation of the discharge duct of a thermal insulation.If used a plurality of heat pipes, then they all have thermal diode and flow back into this discharge duct to prevent heat from this PCM.These identical PCM storehouses are connected to ducted a plurality of heat exchangers of inflow fresh air of the thermal insulation of an adverse current.If used a plurality of heat pipes, then they all are switchable, so when receiving order, heat only flows to the fresh air of this inflow from this PCM.
The warmest PCM storehouse is selected as near (and just in time being lower than) room temperature; The coldest PCM storehouse is near the coldest outside air temperature of (and just in time being higher than) this area prediction.
is for the situation of a cold house in a warm environment, is in the backward state along a plurality of PCM storehouse of this discharge duct,, has the fusing point that raises gradually that is.
The coldest PCM storehouse is selected as near (and just in time being higher than) room temperature; The hottest PCM storehouse is near the hottest outside air temperature of (and just in time being lower than) this area prediction.
from swing to the area that is starkly lower than room temperature apparently higher than room temperature, can use a pair of switchable pipeline at outside air temperature.
Advantageously, switch which PCM storehouse and participate in heating the fresh air of entering, can control the temperature of the air of this entering subtly.When the air that gets into this building need not heat or temperature can reduce (for example, the vacation of night, weekend or school) time, still can gather heat to these PCM storehouses from the air that flows out.
23. in yet another embodiment; A plurality of heat pumps (for example a plurality of TED) can be inserted between some or all PCM storehouse; Or the heat exchanger in this discharge duct with they between related a plurality of PCM storehouse, or between each PCM storehouse and relevant flow ipe heat exchanger (referring to Figure 17).These configurations allow consumed power that the heat of being gathered is upgraded to a higher temperature; Can be used for preheating leaked-in air with the adequate heat of guaranteeing enough high-grade (temperature), so that required net quantity of heat in (for example) passive type building to be provided.
A particularly advantageous embodiment that is used for Britain's weather will have a series of PCM storehouses that are in 20 ° of C, 17 ° of C, 14 ° of C, 11 ° of C, 7 ° of C, and each storehouse is connected to discharge duct and flow ipe (therefore the heat exchange action that postpones or store is provided) via a plurality of heat exchangers.Two other storehouses can be arranged in addition:
Storehouse that is in 24 ° of C of: only be connected to this flow ipe;
Storehouse that is in 0 ° of C of: only be connected to this outflow pipeline;
Use a heat pump that these two storehouses are connected and (or alternately use a series of TED; These TED are connected between 0 ° of C and the 7 ° of C, between 7 ° of C and the 11 ° of C, so between 20 ° of C and 24 ° of C, thereby between 0 ° of C and 24 ° of C, set up a heat pump ladder).This 0 ° of C all be available if having time, to gather heat through the air of discharging is cooled to a temperature that is lower than normal outdoor low temperature.This heat can come heat pump to deliver to the storehouse of these 24 ° of C through using electric power at a low price (for example, night).The heat that is stored in the storehouse of this 24 ° of C can be used for the fresh air that flows into being preheated the temperature more than the air of discharging according to demand.
24. in one embodiment; In at least one storehouse; The heat exchanger that PCM and a kind of heat transmit between the fluid (" HTR ") can comprise a housing; This housing comprises this PCM and a pipeline (or a plurality of pipeline), and this pipeline is through this HTF of this PCM delivery (guarantee that this PCM does not directly contact with this HTF, but be in thermo-contact).This pipeline can be through this PCM upper lower burrs around several times to increase contact area.This pipeline can also have a cross section circle or flat (improving heat transfer area again); And can have a fold, coiling or the surface of ripple (in the outside; Increasing heat transfer area, and in inside to promote HTF that this flows and the heat transfer between this tube wall).The interpolation fin can further increase heat transfer area to the outside of this pipeline.Usually, this pipeline can be processed by copper or aluminium with these fins.
25. in a preferred embodiment, used a kind of fin-tube type heat exchanger (commercial examples: Lordan, SP coil pipe), be often used in the pipeline HTF (for example, water or cold-producing medium) that flows and flow through the heat transfer between the air of fin.In this embodiment, PCM (or a kind of compound of PCM and heat conduction reinforcing agent (like carbon)) fills the gas compartment in the fin-tube type heat exchanger.Use a kind of typical fin (the about 1-4mm of fin pitch) that is spaced apart a per inch 6-22 fin, thickness and large surface area that the lower thermal conductivity of PCM is used to transfer heat to from these fins the thin layer of this PCM overcome.
Can at first adopt the standard fabrication technique of this heat exchanger: a series of U type pipes are arranged to a grid; A plurality of then fins with suitable hole pattern (are equipped with a plurality of intervals collar; These interval collars also provide extra surface area; Be used for from these pipe heat-transfers to these fins) be pulled to these pipelines, make these collar adjacency.Other short bend loss by soldering in end opposite to accomplish this loop.These pipelines are pressure expansions, perhaps a ball bearing are driven through these pipelines and mate securely to guarantee these collars on these pipelines and each fin.
In a specific step that this standard fabrication methods is adapted to this embodiment, add a suitable housing to be provided for the district that holds of this PCM.The PCM that is in its liquid condition then is introduced in this housing, makes this PCM from the gap between these fins of edge penetration, and is flowing downward under the gravity effect up to all gas space between its these fins of filling.
Has the necessary formation of under vacuum or condition of negative pressure, carrying out this operation with elimination bubble or space.Adding the heat conduction reinforcing agent can make this liquid PCM become dense thick.Reach after certain heat conduction reinforcing agent ratio, this PCM compound can be introduced into through being poured in this housing.
Along with the rising of heat conduction reinforcing agent ratio, the viscosity of this PCM compound rise and become not dumpable, but can be under pressure from one or all edge penetration to these fins.
26. on a definite bigger percentage (for example, about 10% expansion native graphite is as the heat conduction reinforcing agent), this PCM compound works just as putty.In the case, it becomes, and be difficult to maybe can not be from the edge penetration of this fin array to these fins.Alternatively, in making basic fin-tube type heat exchanger, carry out a kind of variation: be pulled on these pipe fittings and stop on the thronely at each fin, make its collar after the previous fin; Next fin be brought to and embed put in place before; A thin layer PCM compound is laid on (for example, through a machine with many nozzles, this machine drops on these pipelines on this fin; Lay a thin layer, recall then).Through carefully calculating how many PCM compounds of laying where on this fin, the institute between these fins has living space and can be full of by the PCM compound.
27. in another embodiment of above 25 or 26, omitted metal fins, but kept the pipeline grid.Can PCM or PCM compound be poured in the space in the grid up to its filling.Alternately; If the relative thickness of this PCM compound can be laid through the machine with a plurality of nozzles it and (put in place through a plate tamping, be equipped with suitable sectional hole patterns with the mode of multilayer; Apply each the layer between it is pushed to downwards on these pipe fittings, recall then).
28. alternately, this PCM compound can be used as a plurality of PCM compound fins and introduces: several millimeters PCM compounds to the solid phase of several cm thicks; Use that this suitable sectional hole patterns is cast, moulding or boring; Promote to put in place with the order identical with a plurality of fins of a fin-tube type heat exchanger.
29. above 25 to 28 any one in; The outside of these pipe fittings can be used grease and/or graphite and/or used the pattern of a vertical little fin to come to prepare especially, to guarantee after these pipe fittings expand, to have between this PCM compound and these pipe fittings the thermo-contact of abundance.
30. during making expansion native graphite (" ENG "), use a plate that is connected to a piston to come the native graphite of crush pad expansion.This makes being arranged in more near being parallel to this compressive plate (and more near the driving shaft perpendicular to this piston) of graphite plane.Graphite is better in the thermal conductivity of its plane internal ratio between the plane.Therefore, the ENG of gained planar thermal conductivity is better, and thermal conductivity is relatively poor between the plane.Comprise that ENG also is an anisotropy likewise as the thermal conductivity of the PCM compound (" PCM+ENG ") of heat conduction reinforcing agent.
31. when the PCM+ENG that uses in above 27 and 28, because this manufacturing process relates to a pressing stage, this pressing stage planar alignment that the thermal conductivity of this PCM+ENG is higher becomes perpendicular to these pipe fittings that deliver this HTF, so will obtain preferred hot property.
In above 26; Have less preferred performance: the best alignment of graphite plane will be perpendicular to these fins (these metal fins will than the thermal conductivity of this PCM+ENG a high at least one magnitude); But the treatment step in making trends towards; Make the higher plane parallel of the thermal conductivity of this PCM+ENG in these fins (that is, once more perpendicular to these pipe fittings of this HTF of delivery).
32. in an alternate embodiment, the heat exchanger between a PCM and the heat transmission fluid (" HTF ") can comprise the housing of a thermal insulation, this housing comprises the following layer that replaces:
PCM or PCM compound;
Many pressing plate heat exchangers of are generally processed by copper, aluminium or steel;
This pressing plate heat exchanger can come flat sheet metal of punching press to form through using a die orifice, and this die orifice has a kind of suitable pattern in a plurality of risings district, and these districts that raise (counter-rotating after the punching press) forms one or more networks of a plurality of passages.Pressing plate is by soldering, melting welding, soldering or be connected in addition on the pressing plate of a flat backboard or a mirror image.
In small lot or prototype production, can use a CNC (computer numerical control (CNC)) stamping machine to form a pressing plate, this stamping machine is deployed with a hemispheric and columniform stamping tool (referring to Figure 18).
This channel network can be configured to only deliver one or more independently heat transmission fluids.Passage can branch increase surface area.Through two pressing plates are back-to-back connected, a middle attached flat board (being equipped with the hole of a plurality of suitable boring, punching or moulding), might with a printed circuit board (PCB) in allow a plurality of circuit to cross one another the similar mode of a plurality of layers with these independently channel arrangement become to cross one another.
Channel network is by melting welding, soldering, soldering or additionally be connected to a plurality of short tubes of the edge of these plates; These pipelines around passing housing and insert these passages and make it become the part of heat transfer loop.
This housing is filled (being equipped with ENG or other heat conduction reinforcing agents or an aluminium honeycomb that has increased timber) with the initiation layer of a PCM or PCM compound.Pressing plate heat exchanger layering at the top, thus guarantee that the amount of PCM/ compound and the layout (comprising any pillar etc.) of this pressing plate heat exchanger produce slight pressure and good thermo-contact between the two.A plurality of PCM/ composite beds that further replace and the layering up of pressing plate heat exchanger, the last one deck PCM/ compound under the top of this housing.
Can deliver as single pressing plate heat exchanger and to be used for the several different passage that different heat transmits fluid, on one deck PCM/ compound with under these two pressing plate heat exchangers layer different services will be provided separately.This arrangement will the pressing plate heat exchanger layer on the top of this housing to (layer pairs) in alternately.
The thickness that is used for the metal of pressing plate heat exchanger can be thick as far as possible under compatible situation, makes to guarantee:
The structural rigidity of any necessity of, sagging under the effect of gravity (suppression self can help to increase rigidity and consider this purpose and liquid flow and heat transfer and design to avoid this pressing plate heat exchanger; In addition, if (PCM fusing or solidify) the suitable consolidation all under all conditions of the PCM compound between these layers, then this metal can be thinner).
can hold static pressure and the dynamic pressure that mobile heat transmits fluid.
Good steam barrier is arranged between this PCM of and the atmosphere.
is in the length of life of this hot memory, and any corrosion or other chemical erosions or physics corrosion can not penetrate selected metal thickness.
If it is extremely thin that material can be made, then other materials such as plastics or metalized film can replace this metal.
33. in above 32; Because have metal to be punched or other materials to become extremely thin; Its rigidity again is not enough to be used for (after initial compacting) through self making this PCM compound withdrawal, and the static pressure that its rigidity also is not enough to bear this PCM subsides with the channel design that prevents this punching press.
Therefore; In another embodiment; This stamping tool directly is used for a kind of channel pattern is struck out this PCM compound itself (carefully select mixture, the heat conduction reinforcing agent of PCM and form the other materials of this PCM compound, to guarantee will to keep structural rigidity under all conditions).
In the case, an extremely thin metal (or other materials) layer will cover on this PCM composite layer (or on this punching press die orifice) and punching press simultaneously to provide:
good steam barrier between this PCM and atmosphere.
is to the tolerance of corrosion or other chemical erosions.
Do not expect that this layer provides:
any structure rigidity;
Effect is held in static pressure or dynamic pressure;
Except common punching press, also can use other coating processes, for example shrink pack around; Spraying; Vapour deposition; The tin impregnating.
34. the channel design in above 32 or 33 can take the form of discrete channel (to be effectively; Pipe fitting with some profile; Though be circle, flat or other), this form can deliver independently HTF or can all connect with only a kind of HTF of delivery.Likewise, the channel design between two layers can form a complete not only shallow but also wide space, and this space extends to another edge from an edge of this container, and this space can deliver HTF.
In above 33 and 34, advantageously,, eliminated discrete pipe fitting or pipeline through a forming process of this PCM compound itself, therefore reduced and constructed the required resource of this heat exchanger.(referring to Figure 19,20 and 21)
35. in above 32 to 34, this punching course can be used for to following any one or all apply (except that medium scale flow channel pattern):
Fairly large pattern of (for example, one dimension, two dimension or three-dimensional sinusoidal layout of a long wavelength), it plays the effect that increases overall heat transfer surface area and passage length.
The medium scale impression that is extra; For example be pressed into a plurality of dark narrow groove in this PCM composite layer; These grooves are roughly parallel to this flow direction and extend, and this has increased the surface area that is used to conduct heat and reduced from a heating surface and enters into the ultimate range in the object of this PCM compound.
is in the small-scale pattern (independently or overlappingly) of a plurality of ridges, flange, fin or groove in spirality, linear, X-shape or the pseudo-random patterns; These patterns (have for example been set up favourable fluid flow pattern; Reduced pressure drop through spiral flow) and/or increased heat transfer between HTF and this surface (through increasing surface area on a small scale and promote that superficial layer mixes with the turbulent flow between the body layer, the heat among the HTF is moved to heat exchange surface or shift out) from this heat exchange surface.
(referring to Figure 23, only show channel design among the figure, omitted the PCM/ compound for clarity.）
36. under all situations that adopts a structure of PCM compound manufacturing; This compound can be made like this: at first ENG (is for example formed suitable shapes; Pour low-density ENG into, then compression), PCM is penetrated in the air gap among the ENG of this compression.
37. in the embodiment of any heat exchanger; The structure of this container can be suitable for holding suitable void space in one or several side; These void spaces serve as a manifold, flow out from these PCM-HTF heat exchanger channels or pipe fitting for the HTF inflow and in other places.This space is equipped with a plurality of holes, slot or other arrangements to flow between the space between a plurality of PCM composite beds and these passages, pipe fitting etc. to allow HTF.Suitably use known encapsulating method (overlapping, O type circle, silicone sealant etc.) and guaranteed that HTF flows through these holes and only gets into the passage of these appointments.When a plurality of manifolds deliver multiple HTF through different channel group, adopt suitable geometry and sealing function not to mix to guarantee fluid.Lead from each space a plurality of exterior tube connectors or derive of another hole or a plurality of hole (diameter that has is appropriate to satisfy the master-plan flow velocity through all passages) from the exterior tube connector, thus HTF is supplied/removes to other places in this hot memory.(referring to Figure 21.）
In an alternate embodiment, adopt other a kind of method of constructing manifold.(referring to Figure 22.）
38. in the another embodiment in a storehouse, do not have manifold at the edge of this heat exchanger.Adopted a kind of bionics method, this mode is artery from animal flowing and gain enlightenment to capillary bed to muscle arteries and veins blood: these conduit couplings that are connected to a plurality of outer tube with given diameter directly extend to the sustainer passage of same diameter and get into this PCM compound.After the distance through a weak point, this sustainer carries out branch and size decreases.In a sequence of some branch's steps, be combined with suitable curved pathway, this passage is branched off into one group of a large amount of very fine (" capillary ") pipe fitting downwards, and these pipe fittings extend through this PCM compound.Further along this flow direction, these capillaries little by little gather together to form increasing passage (" blood vessel "), withdraw from this PCM compound up to a big blood vessel and arrive a pipe connections.
Flow through in the situation in this storehouse at single HTF that plants, the artery/capillary of branch/the combination of the blood vessel of branch is not arranged to form the network that fill in a space, and its space occupies the appointment mark of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger volume, and for example 10%.This network is designated as: its keeps being roughly constant and under a threshold value from the ultimate range that a heat exchange surface (forming the inner surface of artery, capillary or blood vessel) gets into this PCM compound in all stages; The thermal conductivity of this PCM of this threshold reference or PCM compound defines, for example 10mm.
More than the All Media described in 35 and technology on a small scale can be used for these passages inside to increase heat transfer area, dwindle the distance of surface to PCM, increase surface roughness and conduct heat and cause that spiral flow that some is regional or laminar flow are to reduce pressure drop to promote.
A plurality of independently HTF pass through in the situation in this storehouse in a plurality of independently passage deliveries; Artery/the capillary of the independent branch/not combination of the blood vessel of branch (each one in each passage) is arranged in the border of this container, form the network that fill in the space; These networks interpenetrate but do not connect (promptly; Do not have HTF to transmit between each passage), these containers wherein:
is in any zone of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger, and the averag density of each passage is (or alternately roughly at the determined estimated rate of designer, if the heat transfer that (for example) a kind of service need be bigger than another service) about equally;
is in each zone, and roughly each all is brought together and the distribution of another passage all is brought together to the distribution to prevent a passage that is the same sex each passage in the distribution of all directions;
Make a kind of like this embodiment and can pass through any or its combination of following manner:
begins with the solid slug of a PCM/ compound; Use flexible drill bits within it portion bore a plurality of holes (based on a kind of endoscope mechanism of navigating) with the suitable network of setting up lateral (begin, and each capillary " converge at the middle part ") from the arterial end and the vein end of each network.
is since the pipeline grid of a branch, and this pipeline grid is to be processed by thin flexiplast or rubber.This can make at first and be positioned at single plane in essence, for example because its manufacturing mode.Through promoting these arterial ends and vein end towards each other, it is a three-dimensional configuration that the fine structure at middle part can be pushed.Through the three-dimensional grid that uses a fine rule or filament it is pulled into specific shape.A kind of then liquid PCM (do not use or use limited heat conduction reinforcing agent that it is remained and have enough fluidities) can pour in the container that surrounds this piping network.
casting: in one embodiment; A network of making from thin wax wire bundle begins; Each bundle at the middle part separately and be arranged to the suitable 3D shape that is used for the capillary network, but towards each end (or bonding or braiding) in bond together to form thicker artery network and vein network.A plurality of if desired passages then can be set up simultaneously and twine more than a network.With it as disposable die orifice, the matrix of this PCM compound (for example ENG) can be introduced into and be packaged in this spider lines around.After this, this wax wire melts with lost wax process.This PCM is penetrated in this ENG to form this PCM compound then.At last, a coating stage (for example, blowing over the vapour deposition of these networks) seals the exposed surface of this PCM+ENG.
alternately, above dewax structure can use a kind of photo solidification machine to set up.
Photo solidification machine of suitably adjusting of can directly deposit this PCM compound.
39. a hot memory possibly be connected to any given PCM storehouse with a plurality of different sources or load (that is, the provider of heat energy or consumer are called " service " generally).Be used to deliver heat to these services or can be incompatible fully from these fluids of these service delivery heats, for example,
has the running water of cleaning to be heated;
The dirty waste water of contribution heat;
from the refrigerant gas of a heat pump (for example, R410A) so that walk heat from a following library tape;
different refrigerants gas is so that the storehouse of delivery heat to heat pump, above arriving;
The solar heat is transmitted fluid (50% propane diols and water), so that take away heat from solar panels;
is mixed with the water of Fernox or other additives, adds the heat radiator loop with delivery heat to a space;
different low-temperature heat quantity transmits fluid, arrives a plurality of air-conditioning boxs with delivery cold air.
In a simple embodiment, the pipeline of each service can pass this PCM-HFT heat exchanger, and separately the total pipeline of these these heat exchangers of flowing through is to guarantee that enough electric power is fed to each service.
40. in an alternate embodiment, all these pipelines of the heat exchanger in the storehouse of flowing through are exclusively used in and only deliver a kind of secondary HTF.These pipelines form the part in a loop, thereby have merged a pump with this secondary HTF of circulation.This secondary HTF delivery heat in this storehouse the PCM-HTF heat exchanger and from its delivery heat, so and storage or call heat from this PCM.At the another part (outside at this PCM-HTF heat exchanger) in this loop, this loop is through a plurality of external heat exchanger, heat exchanger of each service-specific.Preferably, these heat exchangers can be plate type heat exchangers.Each service has the heat exchanger of oneself, thereby allows heat between the fluid of this secondary HTF and each service, to exchange.This secondary heat transfer loop can be walked heat and transmit heat to multiple service from multiple service band simultaneously.(referring to Figure 24 and 25.）
41. in another alternate embodiment, the same shared secondary heat transfer loop in some services and above 40, and other services are equipped with special-purpose pipe fitting or pipeline, these pipe fittings or pipeline are through this PCM-HTF.
42. in another alternate embodiment; A shared secondary heat-exchanging loop also serves as the main direct heat transfer loop of another one or a plurality of services; For example one group of pipeline in this PCM-HTF heat exchanger can be exclusively used in the delivery drinking public water supply; Be used for heating the hot water that directly is used for the DHW demand, yet, between a plurality of DHW required times; The system of a plurality of valves and a circulating pump allows to serve as a kind of secondary HTF with a kind of drinking public water supply, to deliver heat via a plurality of plate type heat exchanger delivery heats to other services or from other services.
43. in another alternate embodiment; When two kinds or more kinds of service can be used compatible HTF; They can share a direct heat transfer pipeline, and for example, delivery is used for the loop of the propane diols HTF of solar panels and can shares with a loop of taking away heat from the waste water heat regenerator.
When the waste water that detects sufficient temp when sensor flowed, a back loop just can switch to service state, at that time can interrupt flow to the flowing of solar energy loop, perhaps compensation then can reduce flow velocity if desired.
(referring to Figure 26 and 27.）
44. in above 42 to 43, one group of pipeline (" port ") that delivers compatible fluid is to share the time between two or more services.When having conflict, a controller can be selected which kind of service priority (through controlling a plurality of pumps, valve etc.).For example, DHW is always than taking office what his service priority via a plate type heat exchanger delivery heat.Use following rule can form (be used for each time share port) priority level of hierarchy through (1 for limit priority) in order:
Does is 1. which kind of service that the mankind or other users expectation provide at once, need and in case just need ask? (instance: DHW)
Can 2. before introducing security consideration, which kind of service only be interrupted the short time? (instance: the back boiler delivery heat from the combustion of wood stove, otherwise this back boiler is with overheated and impaired)
Can 3. before performance issue occurring, which kind of service only be interrupted the short time? (instance :) from a solar energy hot plate delivery heat
Can 4. before performance issue occurring, which kind of service be interrupted for a long time? (instance: background heated/room of cooling, because the thermal inertia in room expends considerable time)
Some services can have the priority of variation; For example the pumping heat is to replenish heat in the storehouse or cold: this can be minimum priority; Come into force up to electricity consumption chargeable time cheaply; Can allow its priority to rise at this moment, make the time of using charge can be used for all heat pumps and send effect; When any further delay of sending when heat pump can cause obviously that heat can't provide all services of next day very little in the storehouse, can realize the further increase of its priority.
45. in above various embodiments, some of them or all pipe fitting or pipelines are used between the PCM of multiple service and a kind of secondary HTF of use, deliver heat, this arrangement can be substituted by a plurality of heat pipes of carrying out same responsibility.
46. in above various embodiments; Some of them or all pipe fitting or heat pipes pass a plurality of fins; Have PCM or PCM compound between these fins; Or pass PCM compound (" type fin-tube type embodiment ") with fin, and can be divided into several sections along the direction of pipe fitting, these sections comprise the different PCM (referring to Figure 28) with different fusion temperatures.In order to prevent that heat from leaking into the adjacent colder zone from the zone of PCM; The one group of fin (or volume of PCM compound) that is generally one to two cm thick is replaced with heat-insulating material (for example, being formed with a porous array in advance to carry the vacuum heat-insulating plate of a plurality of pipe fittings or heat pipe).When using a plurality of heat pump, they also can be equipped with a plurality of heat pipes to switch or the diode arrangement, to prevent that heat is with a kind of not controlled way flowing to than cool region than thermal region from PCM.
47. in a class fin-tube type embodiment, any given port can be made up of single pipeline or heat pipe, this single pipeline or heat pipe wriggle from the end front and back of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger and arrive the other end several times; Perhaps this given port can (every end of heat exchanger has one by two house stewards or manifold; Perhaps two all at same end); The flow that will pass through this port is divided on a plurality of pipelines, and these pipelines cross that this PCM once (passes through) or (each pipeline self wriggles back and forth) several times.
48. when having the several port that crosses this PCM-HTF heat exchanger; The number of times that crosses of each port equates, or some ports (perhaps needing more heat exchanger surface) can have and more cross number of times or use the pipe fitting/heat pipe of a plurality of macropores or the pipe fitting/heat pipe of a plurality of flat parts.
49. exist on several ports that cross this PCM-HTF heat exchanger, these ports can preferably be arranged to a kind of like this mode, promptly; When seeing (that is, these pipe fittings or heat pipe leave the observer) from cross-wise direction, they form a kind of pattern; These pipe fittings/heat pipe major part is even interval (a graphic instance) in this pattern; For example, make that the average distance between pipe fitting/heat pipe center approaches on all directions, to equate as much as possible for a given port.
50. in any embodiment of a PCM-HTF heat exchanger, this HTF can be a kind of two phase liquid, for example, a kind of have a lower boiling dielectric fluid.Come to take away heat to form foam through evaporation or some dielectric fluids that seethe with excitement from this PCM; And temperature-resistant [reference: Parket Hannifin] of liquid, perhaps vice versa, and the absorption release heat again of steam is in liquid; These heats can be absorbed (or alternately by this PCM; Steam can be from fluid separation applications, and these steams were taken away extra heat here through a service heat exchanger before it is allowed to condense in the PCM-HTF heat exchanger).Set up a system like this near constant temperature.
51. in any embodiment of a PCM-HTF heat exchanger, this HTF can be a kind of cold-producing medium, for example R410A.
52. in above 50 or 51 another embodiment; Be used for vapor phase or a kind of cold-producing medium of a kind of two phase liquid-cooling systems of delivery heat between the heat exchanger of a PCM-HTF heat exchanger and one or more services can also be in identical time or another time through the suitable arrangement of a plurality of compressors, expansion valve and diaphragm valve as the working fluid of a heat pump; This heat pump is used for having from this storehouse pumping heat to the storehouse of a PCM of higher melt; Or from the storehouse pumping heat of a more low-melting PCM to this storehouse, genetic system.In this way, heat pump send an integrated component that becomes this PCM-HTF heat exchanger library structure.(referring to Figure 29.）
53. in a preferred embodiment of above 52, this compressor also can serve as the circulating pump that this secondary heat transmits fluid (walking around this or these expansion valve at that time) in another time or same time.
54. in an alternate embodiment of the present invention; Provide a kind of and sent the diverse pattern that is integrated in the library structure with heat pump, magneto-caloric material can be connected to this heat exchanger or add to particle form in a kind of mixture of PCM compound ((PCM+ thermal conductivity reinforcing agent+magneto-caloric material).With through moving a plurality of permanent magnets with respect to this library structure or otherwise come the device that applies of controlling magnetic field combined, can heat be pumped into each storehouse or from each storehouse pumping heat.
55. in one embodiment of the invention, a storehouse of a hot memory or a plurality of storehouse can be used for the running water (referring to Figure 30, at middle part and right-hand side) in building of precooling arrival.Be particularly useful in the time of this some in the some areas in the world or in 1 year; (for example, in the Dubai, the temperature that running water arrives in the local-style dwelling houses is 35-40 ° of C to be difficult to the comfortable cold water use of being used as at these local tap waters with too high temperature conveying; Perhaps at southern US; The temperature that running water arrives is 25-30 ° of C, but running water it is desirable to carry at the cold water faucet place with drinkable comfort temperature, like 6 ° of C).The ladder in a plurality of cold PCM storehouse (for example in the order of southern US according to 20 ° of C to 7 ° of C) can provide this precooling easily.Can be delivered to higher temperature (for example to increase heat by heat pump easily from the energy that the cooling running water is collected to a plurality of high temperature storehouse; Heat is from the storehouse of storehouse to one 45 ° of C of these 7 ° of C; And from the storehouse of storehouse to one 58 ° of C of this 20 ° of C), these high temperature storehouses can be used for transmitting DHW then.
56. in the embodiment in the hot memory is integrated into a building; This building also has a foul sewer system (collecting a system that has been used for the water of some purpose (like shower or shower) and has been used for other purposes (as flushing the toilet) once more); This dirty water tank self can preferably be equipped with a copper tube coil or other heat-exchanger rigs, so that it can serve as a source that (directly or via the heat pumping installations that inserts) to be passed arranged to the heat in one or more storehouses of this hot memory.In this embodiment:
preferably; Heat exchanger in this dirty water tank will guide heat exchanging fluid; Make it can begin and advance to the top from the bottom of this foul sewer system, to utilize the lamination in this dirty water tank and to make this HTF leave this dirty water tank heat exchanger with the highest as far as possible temperature;
is in different time; It is can be enough high and surpass the input temp threshold value in several storehouses to leave the temperature of the HTF of this dirty water tank; Can preferentially select a controller this heat to be loaded into the storehouse or the most empty storehouse of high melting temperature in this case; Perhaps to several storehouses that the fusion temperature order is successively decreased, avoid HTF to flow to any storehouse that the fusion temperature that has is higher than this HTF outlet temperature simultaneously, this HTF is from this dirty water tank heat exchanger;
This dirty water tank of should be adiabatic good: this is necessary in normal foul sewer system; Because this dirty water tank will allow to reach balance with room temperature; Yet, in this embodiment, these addle can by well below the cool to room temperature (for example; To 7 ° of C) because from these addle, extract heat in this hot memory.
57. remain from waste water, to reclaim in the embodiment storing but waste water must flow out at once at heat; Can use a waste water heat recovery units; This waste water heat recovery units comprises one section waste water downcomer; This waste water downcomer be made of copper and by a coil pipe (or alternately, a sheath) around, this coil pipe is that be made of copper and the heat delivery adverse current transmits fluid (" waste water heat recovery units ").Only when having waste water to flow in the downcomer and waste water when surpassing a threshold temperature, this HTF just can flow.Based on the temperature that this HTF was reached at that time, this HTF can be directed to the storehouse cold, that fusion temperature is the highest than this HTF, and is directed to before this waste water heat recovery units through the lower storehouse of series of temperature being pumped to turn back to subsequently.(referring to Figure 27.）
58. in an alternate embodiment of above 57, this waste water heat recovery units can replace with the junior unit of several different thermal insulation, each unit is connected directly to an only storehouse (referring to Figure 30, at middle part and left-hand side) via the loop of a pumping.When waste water flows, according to its temperature, the loop of having activated a plurality of selected pumpings with the delivery heat in their storehouses separately, but only be for a plurality of storehouses of PCM that the fusing point that has is lower than these wastewater temperatures, and this needs extra heat.
59. in an alternate embodiment of above 58, each waste water downcomer section becomes a duct section by crooked 360 degree of a plane formula heat pipe and forms.This crooked plane formula heat pipe is the heat pipe that is thermally bonded in (or alternately, self is separately to form) corresponding storehouse of one or more entering, and plane heat pipe that wherein should bending forms the part of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger.These heat pipes are equipped with a plurality of thermal diodes to prevent that heat flows to waste pipe from each storehouse when the temperature in this waste pipe is lower than in the storehouse temperature.
As an alternative embodiment, a plurality of plane formula heat pipes can form a big flat surface, thereby perhaps form a side of this hot memory, and these waste water can flow through these plane heat pipes.
In a concrete embodiment; More than 56 to 59 each can independently use; For example little hot memory is integrated into the part of waste water heat recovery system, can be used in the big system of a conventional design or is combined with another central hot memory.
60. (for example at a large amount of high-grade heats; Surpass 80 ° of C or surpass 100 ° of C) (for example get into this hot memory; Summer is from the solar energy hot plate or from fuel cell) and also exist in the embodiment of needs to cooling; This high-grade heat can be used for (but, use immediately, or at first be stored in the have appropriate melting point storehouse of PCM of (for example 80 ° of C or 100 ° of C)) when the time spent drive absorb or heat pumps that absorption or other heat drive with (for example from a plurality of freezers; Have PCM in 7 ° of C or 0 ° of C or-22 ° of C fusings) the pumping heat, need the cold of (like air-conditioning or refrigeration) thereby produce cooling.Absorption or adsorption heat pump also produce " used heat " of moderate temperature usually, and these used heat need to dispose through (for example) cooling tower by convention.Under the background of the embodiment that this heat pump and hot memory is integrated; These used heat can preferably be stored in another storehouse or a plurality of storehouse of the PCM with appropriate melting temperature, and are used for the purpose that heat is handled in water heating or space heating or moderate temperature subsequently.
61. in the structure of the PCM-HTF heat exchanger of another embodiment of heat energy accumulator through a plurality of secondary battery units directly being integrated in one or several storehouse and can preferably integrated electrical storage.
Battery all depends on different chemical processes.Each battery all has a scope that suitable work is good, usually near room temperature.For example:
is along with temperature rises, NiMH (nickel metal hydride) (in the circulation) descend rapidly service life.With compare in about 20 ° of C work, reduced by 20% cycle life 30 ° of C work; 40 ° of C have reduced 40%; 45 ° of C have reduced 50%.
The lithium ion can be operated between-20 ° of C and 60 ° of C usually, yet along with temperature descends, the discharge rate that can support sharply descends.
The lithium ion is come down hard upon that high-end discharge of this temperature range because possibly cause from heating, this will cause the performance of these batteries to reduce; Cause irreversible internal damage; And cause catastrophic fault (because fire or thermal expansion pop these batteries) in some cases.
The most of battery of need charge more than the C at 0 °.
solid electrolyte lithium polymer battery must be worked between 60 ° of C and 100 ° of C.
Surrounding environment makes and is difficult to battery is maintained in these restrictions, for example:
is under the cold weather condition, and automobile batteries will be exposed under the low-down temperature.Usually adopt cell heater to offset this influence.
likewise, under the hot weather condition, electric vehicle must be equipped with the battery cooling effect that is provided by a plurality of heat pump usually, to hold it in the working range.
The very approaching battery of and electronic device (battery of kneetop computer) possibly stand the high temperature waste hot of these electronic devices.
The work of battery self also trends towards heating these batteries: secondary battery unit in the charging process of the chemical energy that applied electric energy is converted into storage (or on the contrary the chemical energy of being stored being converted in the discharge process of electric energy) is not 100% efficient, and the part of this non-efficient mainly shows as used heat.
Therefore, maintaining battery in their the best effort scope is a kind of challenge.The embodiment in one or more improved storehouses of a PCM hot memory can realize this point through these secondary battery units are inserted in the library structure of a fusing point that has near the PCM of the optimum working temperature of these secondary battery units; In this way; These secondary battery units can be with sufficiently high efficient heat exchange with this PCM; Make the peak heat load (for example, in explosion type discharge or quick charge process) on these batteries can be dissipated in the transformation mutually of this PCM.
In a concrete embodiment, for example:
The a series of column lithium ion batteries of can be placed in the class fin-tube type PCM heat exchanger, and its position will be occupied by pipe fitting or heat pipe in other cases; This PCM can be chosen to be in room temperature, for example 24 ° of C.
The insertion layer that flat-plate solid electrolyte lithium polymer battery can be used as in a kind of structure is introduced into, and this structure is like: HTF passage-PCM compound-lighium polymer-PCM compound-HTF passage (and repetition); This PCM can be selected in about 80 ° of C, and 80 ° of C represent the intermediate point of the working range of this solid electrolyte lithium polymer battery.
Near the PCM compound (high surface area between battery case and this PCM compound; Have suitable timber or the heat conduction reinforcing agent is arranged in this PCM compound to guarantee good heat transmission), mean:
When descended when environment temperature, (as long as some PCM still melt) this PCM just can emit the temperature of heat with the rising battery.
When rose when environment temperature, (as long as some PCM still solidify) this PCM just can receive heat with cooling accumulator, thereby remove work used heat.
Be clear that very that in this embodiment through after several operation cycle, if do not remove heat, heat will accumulate.Here the advantage as this arrangement in one or more improved storehouses of a PCM hot memory becomes clear:
The PCM (for example 24 ° of C) of the careful fusing point of selecting of one kind of keeps the temperature of this battery to be conditioned, thereby the operating temperature range that retrains these batteries is to hold it in safety and duty efficiently.
is final, and the become temperature of saturated (this PCM has melted fully) and PCM and battery of this PCM stores more heats under steady temperature ability can rise.
Yet under the background of hot memory, can there be the external demand to the heat of being stored in, and these heats are used for other purposes and for example heat in the cabin from the space heating of DHW heating, building and vehicle.These have extracted from the heat of this PCM and have freezed some PCM once more, and the temperature of these secondary battery units can be adjusted continuously.Therefore, these battery-operated used heat have substituted otherwise must be derived from the heat of some other mode.
Even there is not the external demand to useful heat in, the time delay that this PCM memory allows heat to dissipate, up to following one or multinomial:
External environment condition is as cold as below the temperature in this storehouse; This allows (for example freely cooling off of this PCM; Night condition at 15 ° of C of electrical network energy storage experience of the day temperature work of 35 ° of C; This allows the HTF circulation to remain the heat that dissipates via a HTF air heat exchanger through the storehouse of 24 ° of C and delivery, therefore freezes PCM once more.）
External environment condition turns cold (for example ,-10 ° of C) and this PCM freezes once more, thereby these secondary battery units of release heat protection are resisted low temperature.
External environment condition still awfully hot (for example, daytime 35 ° of C, subsequently the torrid zone night 32 ° of C); Thereby need be from this storehouse pumping heat with these heats that dissipate, yet, might the delayed heat pumping; Up to a more suitable time (for example, but during when the cheap electric power of cost of use at night; When temperature lower in a way, thereby when having reduced heat pump and sending lift (lift) and improved COP; When electric vehicle stops and is connected on the trunk power supply, make and need not use precious battery power (thereby autonomous scope of minimizing duration of work)).
Therefore, this embodiment has multiple benefit:
The heat load that is produced in the face of the environment temperature that changes and work, this embodiment use PCM battery to be maintained in their the optimum working temperature state or near, therefore make them can on electric power, carry out better and use safer.
This embodiment of has been utilized from battery operated used heat, to transmit useful heat at other times to other services, has therefore reduced the heat that must be derived from particular source, be used for these services.
in the time can not utilizing used heat, the opportunity (and therefore having optimized energy or fund cost) that this embodiment provides heat that chance optimizes battery used heat to dissipate.
62. be to use in the embodiment of air source of fan coil in the source of the heat that offers the hot memory, a storehouse of this hot memory or a plurality of storehouse can directly be integrated in this air source (referring to Figure 31).For example, a fin-tube type heat exchanger can have a fan that is installed in its place ahead, makes that can pass these fins through a volumes comes extracting air, and this volume is to limit through the summary area of sweeping that throws this fan backward.Outside this area, the remainder of this fin-tube type heat exchanger can be filled with PCM compound (suitably receiving the protection of heat guard).These pipe fittings form a continuous serpentine bend; (wherein each pipe fitting is through one section fin that embeds in the PCM compound alternately to pass the middle part of this heat exchanger; Then being the some parts of air path volume, then is more PCM compound) and marginal zone (wherein it has passed through fully and has embedded the fin in the PCM compound).In this way, when temperature enough high (fusion temperature that surpasses this PCM), move this fan and pump with HTF through these pipe fittings circulations, therefore this will and arrive PCM from these transfer of air heats to these HTF that flow.
Through piling up several layers (the PCM temperature in each storehouse of airflow direction reduces successively) of above embodiment mutually rearward, can from air, extract more heat (referring to Figure 32).In addition, when but temperature was lower than the temperature in some storehouses is higher than the temperature in other storehouses, the circulating pump that has only second group of storehouse can be worked but this fan can be worked.Use a plurality of three-port valves allow these pipe fittings other the time be used to extract heat from this PCM, with some other ports of being sent to a bigger hot memory or by another heat consumption side or a heat pump use.
In an alternate embodiment, these pipe fittings and circulating pump can replace with several heat pipes, and each heat pipe comprises a thermal diode between volume of air and PCM volume.These heat pipes extend beyond this PCM volume and arrive one group of house steward; This group house steward forms a plurality of heat exchangers with the loop that an independent heat transmits fluid, uses to another part of a bigger hot memory or by another heat consumption side or a heat pump with delivery heat (only when these HTF flow).
Advantageously; These embodiments (for example, noon) when it is in high temperature allow to postpone heat simultaneously and (for example move to this system from the air trapping heat; The time of an another part heat pump), more cheap or when being easier to obtain up to the electric power that uses these heats.
Can form the embodiment of a hot memory 63. combine and as the existing boiler of a solar heat DHW system with a plurality of storehouses.Usually, the lowermost layer of a solar energy hot water tank is operated in about 40 ° of C, therefore can't gather the heat below 40 ° of C.In one embodiment; The solar energy HTF that has passed the solar energy coil in this solar energy hot water tank is turned to at first passing through the storehouse of (for example) 32 ° of C; Returning these solar energy hot plates, therefore can gather extra heat then before through the storehouse of 20 ° of C.When this solar energy HTF (in the exit of solar panels) is colder than the bottom of this boiler, so this controller for solar can normally not move circulating pump because there is heat can not transmit.In this embodiment; When this solar energy HTF (in the exit of solar panels) is warmmer than 20 ° of C; A suitable controller for solar just moves this circulating pump; Yet when it is reduced between the temperature of bottom of 20 ° of C and this boiler, with regard to switch valve according to circumstances to walk around this boiler and directly to begin with the storehouse of 32 ° of C or 20 ° of C.
Cold running water (as long as colder than 20 ° of C) will at first be heated, heated (as a warm-up phase) by the storehouse of 32 ° of C then by the storehouse of 20 ° of C, heated by boiler subsequently.In this way, need be still less from the heat of this boiler, and whole system is more efficient on thermodynamics.
64. for any embodiment of hot memory that a solar heat (or PV+T) plate provides heat to a Local or Remote, which storehouse is the temperature of the HTF that flows from these solar panels can be used for selecting to transmit heat at first.The storehouse of selecting will be the storehouse with the highest PCM fusing point; This fusing point is lower than this HTF temperature and adds that a definite nargin is to allow heat transmission efficiently; For example, if these PCM storehouses have the fusing point of 20 ° of C, 32 ° of C, 45 ° of C, 58 ° of C, this nargin is just confirmed as 5 ° of C; Then 25 ° of C or more than, will at first visit the storehouse of this 20 ° of C; 37 ° of C or more than, will at first visit the storehouse of this 32 ° of C; 50 ° of C or more than, will at first visit the storehouse of 45 ° of C; 63 ° of C or more than, will at first visit the storehouse of this 58 ° of C.
Because these low temperature storehouses, the heat that can be collected will be higher than a system based on boiler, can to gather the minimum temperature of solar heat be about 40-45 ° C in this system usually.
65. the solar thermal system of prior art is equipped with the pump of a constant speed with circulating solar energy HTF usually.When in the solar energy HTF in the exit of solar panels heat and when being not enough to transmit heat to this boiler, just open this pump inadequately.The pump of this constant speed transmits the solar energy HTF of constant flow rate.Therefore, the temperature of this solar energy HTF will change along with the rising of solar energy irradiation level continuously.
Solar panels are balances between heat gain and the thermal loss.Along with the rising of irradiation level, heat gain increases, so temperature also rises, yet thermal loss also rises.The operating temperature that has reduced solar panels has just reduced thermal loss.For constant irradiation level, temperature reduces and can realize through the flow velocity of the HTF of this plate through increase.So, can collect more heat, even if under cryogenic conditions through under a given irradiation level, increasing flow velocity.
When solar heat will be stored in the hot memory, can notice that these storehouses are in a plurality of quantification temperature, for example, the fusing point of PCM is 20 ° of C, 32 ° of C, 45 ° of C, 58 ° of C.If it is on these temperature, allow the nargin of a qualification of efficient heat transfer to be confirmed as 5 ° of C, then just in time more efficient than collect solar heat in any other temperature at 25 ° of C (for the storehouse of 20 ° of C), 37 ° of C (for the storehouse of 32 ° of C), 50 ° of C (for the storehouse of 45 ° of C) or 63 ° of C (for the storehouse of 58 ° of C).In order to confirm this point, imagination is collected for the storehouse of 32 ° of C at 43 ° of C.In this temperature, with the storehouse of the heat that adds the amount of confirming to these 32 ° of C.Only at 32 ° of C or followingly could extract heat once more from this storehouse.The ground that replaces, if we collect at 37 ° of C, we will collect than 43 ° of C more thermal energy, still can extract these heat energy from 32 ° of C or following storehouse subsequently.This better situation can be arranged through the flow velocity of revising (acceleration) HTF.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the enhancing of a system with a plurality of solar panels and a hot memory, at any given time; Can measure irradiation level; And for this irradiation level, can obtain a model that is used for different in flow rate, this model can be assessed the HTF temperature that will produce.The flow velocity that only will be complementary with the warehouse temperature (+nargin) of reality just possibly become candidate's temperature of being selected.If sundry item all equates, be chosen in the maximum temperature among this candidate list.Other factors (like weather forecast, requirement forecasting, storehouse energy charged state etc.) will be transshipped (overload) this selection to select a lower temperature, and still in all cases, it all will become a selection that is in the temperature (+nargin) in storehouse.
From this model, for selected temperature, can view the speed of relevant flow velocity and the pump that therefore obtains, this pump is set to this flow velocity then, rather than the flow velocity of a standard.
Not directly to measure irradiation level; Estimate this irradiation level but can in combination the Current Temperatures of the HTF at the exit point place of these solar panels be used for (through reverse modeling or in a learning system of checking relation in the past of this controller), and therefore driving this forward model predicts which kind of adjustment pump speed should make with the knowledge of current flow velocity.
66. in yet another embodiment, the solar energy HTF's from this hot memory to this solar energy hot plate returns temperature and can be controlled as the thermodynamics that strengthens this solar energy hot plate and render a service.It is low more to return temperature, these solar panels more efficient (because at low temperature, heat loss is lower).Owing to use a solar thermal system based on water tank, under normal circumstances, after transmitting heat with minimum temperature layer, this return temperature will be about 40 ° of C or more than.Advantageously, when having the storehouse of (for example) 20 ° of C and 32 ° of C, can an embodiment be arranged to HTF and turn back to these solar panels from the coldest storehouse before, normally visit these colder storehouses, therefore increase the efficient of these solar panels.(referring to Figure 33.）
Yet have bigger control target, as realize the minimum heat on a certain temperature, this and following content conflicts: if colder when this HTF turns back to this solar energy surface, it also can be colder when these solar panels flow out.Therefore, a controller can be changed into the storehouse of visiting at last the storehouse of a higher temperature, rather than the coldest storehouse.Also can expire and done like this because of the coldest storehouse.The hottest storehouse and the coldest storehouse that this control adaptation can combine with above 65 control adaptation and visited with configuration, and configuration helps realizing the HTF flow velocity of higher control target most.
Notice that 20 ° of C are not minimum temperature.Be in (for example) 7 ° of C, 0 ° of C or even as the storehouse of the zubzero temperature of-10 ° of C can be used for the hot memory effectively, and can visit at last in order, turn back to solar panels to transmit HTF like 10 ° of C, 3 ° of C or-7 ° of C.The HTF that is provided receives anti-freeze protection, and will be enough heat but useful from the flowing temperature of this plate, so this low temperature can produce even higher efficient.
The heat of storing in the PCM storehouse below the minimum temperature in boiler can for example send at night or the cheap and sufficient other times heat pump of electric power, and is introduced in the boiler of higher temperature.
67. to above 66 carrying out in the improved another embodiment (and can be applicable to above a lot of solar energy and PT+T embodiment), these solar panels self can disrumpent feelingsly be split into a plurality of adiabatic sections.(referring to Figure 34.）
For example consider a kind of flat-plate solar heat collector; This flat-plate solar heat collector comprises a copper collecting board; A copper serpentine pipe is incorporated into this copper collecting board; This copper serpentine pipe delivery HTF: the snakelike extension from a side to opposite side, rise line by line simultaneously and on this copper coin, rise.This copper coin and serpentine pipe generally are continuous.Because the heat conduction of copper height, so although this HTF turns back to this solar panels from cold water, and on this plate, wriggle and rise and heating gradually along with it, the hotter copper at this plate top will conduct heat through the bottom that is transmitted to this plate apace.Therefore, (owing to the heat transmission through copper) can be hotter than the cold water that returns in the bottom for whole copper collecting board, and therefore will lose more heats.
In the current embodiment, heat insulation can be inserted a thin insulation strip or alternately insert air through this copper plate is split as a plurality of horizontal bars (each one of every time (run) horizontal-extending of serpentine pipe) between each horizontal bar.Further heat insulation is introduced the pipeline section (the for example plastic conduit of 20mm) of a short heat-insulating material in can each bending through the higher horizontal-extending of the next one that climbs at this serpentine pipe time.
The copper plate in (the cold place of returning that HTF reached) and copper pipe will be cold veritably (because can not receive through the heat of high temperature of copper from the top conduction of this plate) and so radiation less heat near the bottom that this heat-insulating result is this plate.This effect will be on this plate rises always, thus with do not have heat-insulating average performance, strengthened the performance of each horizontal bar.The whole thermodynamic efficiency of these solar panels will be higher than there not being heat-insulating system.
This benefit also should be applicable to the background of the solar energy hot plate of a this structure that uses with the solar heat memory of any kind of, and this solar heat memory comprises a water tank.
68. in a lot of embodiments, one group of pipe fitting (or other passages, for example, pipeline; Passage between a plurality of pressing plates; The tree of bionical artery/capillary/blood vessel) delivers heat through the temperature that changes heat transmission fluid; Promptly; Use the specific heat (with use two heat pipe or system's formation contrast of liquid mutually, wherein heat is mainly delivered by the latent heat of the gentle liquid phase transition of liquid gas) of this HTF.
In these embodiments, the HTF in this pipe fitting will have the absolute value than the Δ T bigger, between HTF and the PCM in the exit of this heat exchanger at its some place that gets into this PCM-HTF heat exchanger.
For (or getting between the space in one the layer at this pipe fitting annex; Deng) the distribution of PCM (or PCM compound) be constant situation along the length of this pipe fitting, the absolute value of drawing a HTF temperature has produced a curve with figure along the length (apart from inlet point) of pipe fitting, this curve roughly is an exponential decay curve; Promptly; Begin very highly, it is very steep to descend, and it is milder to become then.If pipe fitting is made very long,, just there is a very long afterbody with very mild gradient along with curve is progressive towards this PCM temperature.
Explain very simple (consider that cold HTF (like 10 ° of C) flow through have high-melting-point the situation of PCM of (like 24 ° of C)) here:
is along with heat flows into colder HTF from this PCM, and the temperature of this HTF rises;
is present, and just along this pipe fitting place far away slightly, the Δ T (absolute value) from HTF to PCM is littler, so heat can reduce from the speed (depending on Δ T) that this PCM flow to this HTF;
So is in next section, heat flows to this HTF from this PCM more slowly, and the temperature of this HTF rise slightly slower (yet the flow velocity of HTF does not reduce, and is constant);
repeats this point along this pipe fitting successively in a lot of segments will see that Δ T reduces, and wherein the Δ T from a section to next section reduces in each step;
Therefore reduces along the power (speed that heat is transmitted) and the Δ T of this pipe fitting synchronously, reduces speed and descends at first fast, little by little more and more milder then (no matter and this pipe fitting how long have, can arrive zero in principle never).
As long as the PCM that distributes around this pipe fitting does not have freeze all, will there be (that is, need only along whole PCM of this pipe fitting and also have latent heat to be discharged among this HTF) in above situation.In actual conditions, the PCM around this pipe fitting starting point will freeze all at some point, because discharged its whole latent heat of being over, and it will begin to cool down (discharging its specific heat).Along with the extraction of more heats, depletion region moves along this pipe fitting, and the total speed of total that the heat from PCM to HTF transmits reduces along this pipe fitting.
(for the situation of hotter HTF delivery heat to low-melting PCM; Can be conversely with identical analysis; All PCM at some the some places around this pipe fitting starting point will melt, and advance fartherly along this pipe fitting along with this zone, and the aggregate power that PCM can dissipate will descend.）
Therefore, an alternative and embodiment preferred (for all embodiments that the specific heat capacity of using HTF delivers heat), the distribution of the PCM around this pipe fitting (or the bed thickness of plate etc.) be not held constant.But it is associated with more a large amount of PCM near the starting point of a pipe fitting (or equivalent), reduces gradually, to be associated (for example) with in a small amount PCM towards this pipe fitting end.The purpose of doing like this be guarantee along the time that the specific heat of whole this PCM of pipe fitting exhausts roughly all be synchronization on whole pipe fitting along this.
The starting point of this design is for modeling or measures in a lot of the some places speed that the heat of (supposing that PCM does not melt fully or solidifies) exhausts/increases for stable state HTF flows along this pipe fitting, that is, and and the power at each some place.Utilize this point; The geometry that designs this PCM-HTF heat exchanger makes and the amount of the PCM that each segment along this pipe fitting is associated is adjusted by the power relevant with this section; For example; If the steady state power near long one section of the 10mm starting point is 20W, and the steady state power near long another section of the 10mm the terminal point of heat exchanger tube is 10W, then near the section PCM that have, that be associated with it the starting point be near the terminal point section twice; For the situation of a pipe fitting, this can realize in the following manner: guarantee that an active PCM ring that is associated with the section early of PCM has the area (radius that therefore has √ 2) of twice.
Can simulate fully or set up and measure new geometry, and make further correction to consider:
A plurality of sections in fact bigger of being associated with more PCM of, the heat bang path that therefore passes this pipe fitting (or analog) these fins or PCM compound on every side is longer.Therefore; Power not only depends on the Δ T with HTF; And depend on heat must pass the distance that these PCM compounds or fin advance (and should will be along with the time changes apart from self; Because flow through in one time the process of this heat exchanger at HTF, a pipe fitting or the interior subgrade annulus on every side of layer melt/freeze).
takes into full account specific heat, heat conduction reinforcing agent or PCM (in case freeze or melt) and the latent heat of a plurality of fins.
passes through the interaction (for example, along with snakelike this heat exchanger that extends through about the pipe fitting) of the main body of PCM/ compound between a plurality of pipeline sections of the either side of the main body of PCM.
Design can be an iteration, up to this geometry (be now one have with this heating surface on PCM/ compound amount each spot correlation, suitable and the geometry of the degree of depth) cause along this whole heat exchanger exhaust heat (when heat is extracted) or increase heat (when heat is increased) fully fully approximately simultaneously.
The actual embodiment of this method includes but not limited to:
class fin-tube type (comprise those do not have fin and be pipe fitting and PCM compound purely) embodiment; Has the single pipe fitting that passes these fins repeatedly; These pipe fittings are placed to and make when on the cross section, observing; These pipe fittings form a spiral path (each pipe that replaces in the opposite direction extends) that goes out from a center pipe fitting spiral, and wherein the spacing between the pipe fitting on this spiral increases with exponential manner along spiral path.HTF always begins (no matter load or do not add heat load) and ends at the center pipe fitting from the pipe fitting of outermost layer (spaced furthest).
simplifies the above situation of a few administration-management parts that exists: from bottom to top, the vertical spacing between a plurality of continuous row increases, and wherein each continuous row comprises pipe fitting still less, wideer spacing.Each pipe fitting that replaces in the opposite direction extends once more.HTF is one that pushes up most row (spacing is the wideest) terminal beginning and end at (spacing is the narrowest) end row.
Many embodiments of; Wherein a plurality of layers (are had constant thickness to guarantee constant flow rate by the wide flow channel of side direction; Join end to end and make the HTF one-way flow return through a passage and from another passage) separate; But PCM/ composite layer with a plurality of varied in thickness; Therefore a plurality of thin layers from the bottom (a plurality of intervals passage) closely are through the layer arrival a plurality of thick-layers in top (passage with a plurality of wide intervals) of middle a plurality of thickenings gradually, wherein HTF from the latter's end begin to flow to the former (referring to Figure 19).
Water tank of is filled with metal or the plastic sphere of encapsulation PCM, and these spheroids are arranged to multilayer, this water tank bottom be bigger spheroid, and a plurality of continuous layer inside dimension that in water tank, make progress reduce gradually.Water flows out from the bottom inflow of this water tank and from the top.
The network of the bionical artery/capillary of /vein; Computer program by following a plurality of constraints produces design; The average distance that these constraints comprise the PCM/ compound around guaranteeing to get into from heat exchange surface is bigger and reduce gradually towards vein end that (wherein these rules are carried out initial setting up according to some simple decaying exponential functions at arterial end; Allow simulation and use simulated annealing or genetic algorithm to carry out refine to carry out refine towards a dreamboat through a plurality of circulations then, this dreamboat transmits purpose and guarantees that all heats carry out balance between roughly synchronously exhausting at all heats).
The advantage that this embodiment has is; Just cause the high power behavior in case store heat energy among this PCM; (or on the contrary, high power is accepted heat, all melts up to this PCM in case depleted of energy power just sharply descends subsequently; This moment, heat dissipation capability descended fast), rather than the carrying out of storing/calling along with heat and power is slowly demoted.Slowly the meaning of degradation is also to be far from melting fully (or freeze, depend on the circumstances) to nonsensical this PCM before in that power (speed that heat imports into/spreads out of) is low, for example:
In order to be provided for the DHW of shower, need the power of about 10kW.If a hot memory keeps 5kWh, it can provide 30 minutes shower time in principle.If it provides 18kW at first, 10kW was provided in 10 minutes afterwards, 6kW was provided after 20 minutes and 3kW was provided after 30 minutes; Then in fact it can only or highlyer provide about 10 minutes at 10kW; That is, after the energy consumption of only 1/3 storage, its power reduces slowly excessively.So its effective available energy density is merely 1/3 of its actual energy density.
By contrast; One again the hot memory of design can provide much consistent power to continue complete 30 minutes near 10kW; The latent heat all at this time point has all exhausted (and after this speed will be reduced near 0 very apace), this hot memory of designing again have near the starting point of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger with each heat transmit much more PCM that pipe fitting is associated and endways near much less.
69. a lot of embodiments comprise following all or a part: pump, compressor, thermal power unit, electrically operated valve, control electronic device and source electronics (or in its work other electric assemblies of the dissipation used heat).All of these elements or major part need cooling to avoid fault or performance degradation.
In preferred embodiments, these used heat are directed to the PCM storehouse of one or more suitable fusing points from these assemblies, this provides this cooling, thereby has utilized (supplying to use subsequently) rather than wasted these " used heat ".
Usually, these assemblies all are air-cooled.In a preferred embodiment; Remaining air-cooled all component all is positioned at the space of a sealing; For example, from the front to the back side chamber of 100mm, with the width of this hot memory and highly the same; This chamber is installed in a positive hermatic door of this hot memory (can open so that service to be provided, but generally form an airtight sealing) afterwards.
In this chamber, air relies on the auxiliary air-flow of convection current and/or fan to extract the air through the heating of the element in this radiator near being installed in the top of this chamber to the radiator of water.(provide the air of a cooling to turn back to the return path of this cavity bottom.）
Be selected as at the HTF of the water side flow of this radiator and flow to one or more storehouses (continuously); The melting temperature that these one or more storehouses have (for example; 24 ° of C) enough low the air in this chamber is cooled to a suitable temperature, cool off these assemblies then and hold them in an acceptable operational temperature.
Except the used heat collection that these assembly work are produced was useful heat, it had had also reduced or eliminated from the undesirable side effect that is used for air cooled standard open loop method:
is through the fan noiselessness of external ventilation mouth extracting air.(when using the auxiliary air-flow of fan, still have this noise, but it is in the inside of the chamber of this cooling, this can easily carry out sound insulation.）
does not have in dust or this cooling path of tomentum suction, and these dusts or fine hair can block fan and heat exchanger and reduce its performance.(internal environment seals, so do not have dust or fine hair to get into.）
is from the unwanted heat load of used heat, and these used heat are discharged in the surrounding environment waste hot gas of electronic device (for example, from).
For the element that needs liquid cools, this can be incorporated into the HTF loop through the liquid cools port that will be used for this assembly and provide easily.
Some assembly can also cool off through directly conducting thermo-contact with a storehouse, and for example an electronic building brick can directly be imbedded in the PCM compound in a storehouse.
In an alternate embodiment, one group of radiator fin in the air-flow can be connected to a plurality of heat pipes, and these heat pipes extend in this PCM storehouse (having an inner classes fin-tube type embodiment).The part of these heat pipes can be flat, embed copper or aluminium (randomly being equipped with flat heat pipe-type heat spreader) to form a radiator.This radiator part can be connected to a plurality of can be by the element (like electronic device) of conduction-type cooling.
70. in yet another embodiment, but be not that the work necessary electronic device of necessary other purposes or other assemblies of this hot memory also can be through the cooling of the mechanism in above 69.A plurality of instances include but not limited to:
Many computers of, for example server or media server;
Many power electronic devices of, for example, inverter;
Many motor of.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, a kind of environment method that heats and/or cool off is provided, said method comprises:
A thermal source is provided; And
A series of storehouses that comprise hot storage medium are provided;
Wherein these the hot storage mediums in these a series of storehouses can and/or release energy in the different temperatures storage.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, a kind of environment method that heats and/or cool off is provided, said method comprises:
A kind of heat energy accumulator is provided, and this heat energy accumulator can be accepted and/or storage heat energy from least one heat energy in one or more temperature ranges, and/or discharges heat energy at least one heat energy radiator, and the storage of said heat energy comprises:
The structure in one or more thermal energy storage storehouse is provided, and said thermal energy storage storehouse has a common operating temperature range separately;
At least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse are provided, this at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse can comprise the thermal energy storage material of a kind of appropriate amount and type, this thermal energy storage material comprises a kind of homogenous material or multiple mixtures of material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in the thermal energy storage material of one or more types, stands the transformation mutually that at least one absorbs energy and/or releases energy in one or more temperature of these one or more thermal energy storage material in the common operating temperature range in each storehouse or the one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each changes mutually all and is associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic.
Brief Description Of Drawings
To only embodiment of the present invention be described now through instance and with reference to accompanying schematic figure, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the indicative icon according to the energy storage system of first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the indicative icon according to the energy storage system of another embodiment of the present invention, and this energy storage system comprises formula phase change materials hot memory, nested many storehouse;
Fig. 3 is the indicative icon according to the energy storage system of another embodiment of the present invention, and formula phase change materials hot memory, nested many storehouse is used for heating and water heating under the floor;
Fig. 4 relates to and directly is connected a single heat pump between two PCM memories according to another embodiment of the present invention; PCM memory is intended to store and the heat with hot water of being provided for warming oneself, another PCM memory be intended to store and be provided for cooling off cold;
Fig. 5 is for according to the memory that reconfigures of another embodiment of the present invention, and this memory has that two centers (a cold heat) and one are in room temperature or near the outmost storehouse of room temperature;
Fig. 6 relates to a shared single heat pump of time with multi-to-multi (that is, multiple) connectedness according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 relates to heat pump and two heat transmission buses of carrying out two tasks according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 relates to according to heat pump of use of another embodiment of the present invention and a plurality of low capacity heat pump that is plugged between each storehouse and comes from ambient source, to pull heat;
Fig. 9 relate to according to another embodiment of the present invention, use PCM cold and hot memory in a many storehouses shared heat pump, that be used for obtaining family's heating, hot water and air-conditioning from the environment thermal source;
Figure 10 and 11 relates to a central heating system based on radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 has represented a solar energy hot plate and an integrated solar collector that is incorporated into the hot memory in this solar energy hot plate combined according to the invention;
Figure 13 representes along each heat pipe some PCM storehouse is arranged successively, and each PCM storehouse has different melting temperatures;
Figure 14 representes when the temperature in the heat pipe is lower than warehouse temperature, exhausts the electric energy among the TED with making decision, and makes heat can be pumped in the storehouse and this TED also can be in the situation that does not have heat flow in essence;
Figure 15 representes that a radiator and one comprise that (one fusing point is 18 ° of C in two PCM adiabatic storehouses; Another fusing point is 24 ° of C) the specific embodiments of ceiling, have suitable inside fin or heat conduction reinforcing material to allow heat to flat hot pipe or from its outflow; This flat hot pipe is arranged to make it to form basal surface of ceiling patch block at another point, thereby makes itself and room radioactive exposure;
Figure 16 representes a concrete embodiment, and this embodiment has single adiabatic PCM storehouse (for example, 24 ° of C) and adds a thermal power unit (" TED "), and this thermal power unit is connected to a heat spreader (perhaps being a plane formula heat pipe) with this storehouse;
Figure 17 a-c representes various embodiments, and wherein recuperation of heat ventilating system is equipped with the various configurations of a plurality of PCM storehouse and heat pump;
Figure 18 representes the cross section through the embodiment of the part of a PCM storehouse or thermal cell;
Figure 19 a representes to form timber pattern, the external waviness of the example of a surface channel;
Figure 20 representes the another embodiment that a HTF arranges;
Figure 21 representes another embodiment; Wherein a plurality of manifolds are supplied multiple HTF through different channel group; Adopt a kind of suitable geometry and seal to guarantee that fluid does not mix; And lead to from another hole (or a plurality of hole) in each space (having suitable diameter to satisfy the master-plan flow velocity through all passages)/from a plurality of exterior tube connectors, thus supply/remove HTF other places in this hot memory;
Figure 22 representes another embodiment, and this embodiment representes to construct the another kind of method of a manifold;
Figure 23 representes another embodiment, wherein only shows channel design, in flow channel, has omitted the PCM/ compound for clarity;
Figure 24 representes to arrive a nested PCM of HTF heat exchanger;
Figure 25 representes according to another energy system of the present invention;
Figure 26 representes according to another energy system of the present invention, and to have only a heat-exchanging loop to carry out multiplexed for each storage tank therebetween, so that add heat load from a heat pump;
Figure 27 representes can the lead storehouse of the high melting temperature colder than this HTF of HTF, and is directed through the lower storehouse of series of temperature before turning back to this waste water heat recovery units being pumped subsequently;
Figure 28 representes that some or all of pipe fittings or heat pipe pass a plurality of fins; Have PCM or PCM compound between these fins; Or pass PCM compound with fin (" type fin-tube type embodiment "); Direction along tubing can be divided into several sections, and these sections comprise the different PCM with different fusion temperatures;
Figure 29 representes that heat pump send effect to become an integrated element of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger library structure;
Figure 30 representes one or more storehouses of a hot memory, and these one or more storehouses are used for precooling and arrive the running water in the building;
The source that Figure 31 representes to offer the heat of hot memory is to use the air source of fan coil, and one or more storehouses of this hot memory can directly be integrated in this air source;
Figure 32 representes to pile up rearward mutually which floor above-mentioned embodiment (the PCM temperature in each storehouse of airflow direction reduces successively), can from air, extract more heat;
Figure 33 representes from the hot memory returning temperature and can be controlled so as to the thermodynamic efficiency that strengthens this solar energy hot plate to the solar energy HTF of solar energy hot plate;
Figure 34 representes that solar panels are split as a plurality of adiabatic sections;
Figure 35 representes according to another energy system of the present invention; And
Figure 36 representes according to another energy system of the present invention.
Describe in detail
Fig. 1 represent according to of the present invention, refer generally to be decided to be 100 energy storage system.This heating/cooling system comprises a series of storehouse and/or a plurality of storehouses one set 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g and 102h, and these storehouses are used for collecting and storage heat energy and (for example) are transmitted heat energy subsequently with heating cold water from (for example) solar energy hot plate (not shown).Although Fig. 1 shows eight storehouses, the present invention is intended to contain the storehouse of any right quantity.Each storehouse 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g, 102h comprise a kind of different phase change materials, and therefore these phase change materials have different fusing points with storing heat.As shown in Figure 1, in these storehouses 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g, 102h around have heat guard 104.Storehouse 102a is because to comprise a kind of phase transition temperature that has be the suitable phase change materials of 15 ° of C but be in the temperature of about 15 ° of C.Similarly, the temperature of storehouse 102b is about 20 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 102c is about 25 ° of C; The temperature of storehouse 102d is about 30 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 102e is about 35 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 102f is about 40 ° of C; The temperature of storehouse 102g is about 45 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 102h is about 50 ° of C.Although Fig. 1 shows concrete temperature, the present invention is intended to contain any temperature and selects.As shown in Figure 1, each self-contained heat exchanger 109a of these storehouses in this heat energy accumulator 100,109b, 109c, 109d, 109e, 109f, 109g, 109h.Introduce cold water to heat exchanger 109a and from an inlet 106 through a plurality of heat exchanger 109b, 109c, 109d, 109e, 109f, 109g and 109h.The water of heating can withdraw from about 45 ° of C from exporting 108.Can use the heat-exchanger rig (not shown) to supply with from (for example) solar energy hot plate (not shown) and/or from the heat of environment or other thermals source from any feed point 110.
In Fig. 1; Heat storage medium in each storehouse 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g, 102h can be water (or some other heat storage medium); But preferably, this heat storage medium is a kind of suitable phase change materials (PCM).Use PCM that several reasons is arranged:
The energy density of this PCM hot memory of (kWh of every liter of storage) will be high more a lot of than water;
can store (fusing) or extract (freezing this PCM) lot of energy in the very narrow on every side temperature of fusing point, so an exact temperature in the heating ladder can be just really represented in each storehouse;
has no reason to use regularly the typical case to be used for the cylinder form of water tank: this memory can be an Any shape rectangular or that be convenient to use, this means more density advantages.
As long as the different storehouse of this formula PCM hot memory, many storehouses keeps balance (promptly in whole storage circulation; From any given storehouse, extract heat that how many heats just increase as much in same storehouse through water heating and subsidiary loss); It can accept heat from surpassing 15 ° of C at any given time in any environment thermal source that surpasses under any temperature of 50 ° of C (for the example Fig. 1), and it is routed to suitable storehouse.For example when solar panels preheating just and when reaching 20 ° of C, it can begin to add in the PCM material depot of heat load to 15 ° C in the morning.At sunny high noon, when the stagnation temperature of solar panels can reach when surpassing 100 ° of C, the control system of this hot memory can select a suitable heat to transmit fluid rate and to the storehouse that wherein adds heat load, for example:
Solar panels from 60 ° of C of are taken away heat with the low flow rate the storehouse that is loaded into 50 ° of C; Or
Solar panels from 40 ° of C of are taken away heat with the higher flow rate the storehouse that is loaded into 35 ° of C.
Shall also be noted that transmitting fluid at the heat that the solar panels such as 60 ° of C set out remains 50 ° of C or higher after its heat exchanger from the storehouse of 50 ° of C comes out.Now with its route to add the storehouse of heat load to 45 ° C, by that analogy up to the coldest storehouse.Therefore, can let heat transmit fluid and turn back to solar panels about in this example 15 ° of C, that remain to be heated once more.So can extract and store the nearly all useful heat that these solar panels are collected.Because the heat of low temperature transmits fluid and gets into its inside, so solar energy hot plate self also can operate with lower thermal loss more efficiently.
Another preferably embodiment is that a plurality of PCM storehouse is nested against one another in inside as Russia cover baby.This energy storage system 200 has been shown among Fig. 2, and this thermal energy storage system has a plurality of nested storehouse 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e, 202f, 202g, 202h.The temperature of storehouse 202a is about 15 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 202c is about 20 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 202c is about 25 ° of C; The temperature of storehouse 202c is about 30 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 202e is about 35 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 202f is about 40 ° of C; The temperature of storehouse 202g is about 45 ° of C, and the temperature of storehouse 202h is about 50 ° of C.(for clarity, omitted heat guard among Fig. 2.) the storehouse 202h of innermost layer will be the hottest, outmost storehouse 202a will be the coldest.Certainly still maintain some heat guards between each layer.In the case, the thermal loss in each storehouse will and each storehouse proportional with the much little Δ T between its adjacent external libraries.
Figure BDA00001845151300761
By contrast, the embodiment of Fig. 1 is adiabatic with local environment individually with each storehouse.If the heat guard around each storehouse has identical type and thickness, more heat will be lost in their environment, because thermal loss and this storehouse are proportional with the Δ T between its environment in the storehouse lower than these temperature in the storehouse that then these temperature are higher.
For the many storehouses formula PCM memory in the house, wherein 20 ° of C of environment temperature:
Figure BDA00001845151300771
The boiler of an embodiment among Fig. 1 or a rule in time off-energy in home environment.It almost is neutral that the nested formula PCM hot memory, many storehouses of Fig. 2 can make it be equal to or less than that the home environment temperature is made into through the temperature in the outmost storehouse of suitable selection.For example in Fig. 2, if home environment is 20 ° of C, the outermost layer of 15 ° of C of this hot memory will absorb heat lentamente from home environment.
This means that heat storage system 200 will be stored than heat storage system 100 better puts into its inner heat (although along with the time, along with heat flows out to the low temperature storehouse around it from the high temperature core, the grade that heat had will reduce).It is touched also is relatively pleasantlyer cool, and this makes might be integrated into the place that people do not want to place a boiler to it.
It should be noted that; So far described all things also can be used as cold application conversely; One of them the coldest layer is as innermost storehouse (more much lower than environment temperature), and the layer of a plurality of heating gradually surrounds it, wherein outmost storehouse be the hottest, near environment temperature.
We are with reference to Fig. 3 now, and this figure relates to an energy storage system 300.There are a plurality of storehouse 302a, 302b, 302c, 302d, 302e, 302f.Storehouse 302c is preferably maximum storehouse, because it is connected to a underfloor heating system 310, this heating system has the heat guard 312 around its pipeline, and these pipelines pass a plurality of other storehouse 302a and the 302b in this energy storage system 300.This energy storage system 300 comprises an inlet 304 that is used for cold running water and at a plurality of heat exchangers 306 of each storehouse 302a, 302b, 302c, 302d, 302e, 302f.Also have an outlet 308 that is used for hot water, when a plurality of storehouse 302e, 302d, 302c, 302b, 302a are passed in this outlet, also benefit from heat guard 312.
We are with reference to Fig. 4 now, and this figure is according to another energy storage system 400 of the present invention.The phase change materials of storehouse formula more than (MBPCM) hot memory is arranged, refer generally to be decided to be 410.A series of storehouse 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d, 402e, 402f that are connected to a plurality of heat exchangers 404 are arranged.Also have a cooling water outlet 406 and hot water outlet 408.This energy storage system 400 also has a heating loop 410 and a heating/cooling loop 412.Also have the cold memory of the phase change materials of storehouse formula more than (MBPCM), refer generally to be decided to be 420, this cold memory comprises a plurality of storehouse 422a, 422b, 422c, 422d.A heat pump 424 can be used for extracting heat from a plurality of selected storehouse (any one 422a, 422b, 422c, the 422d) of cold memory 420; And with higher temperature these heats are loaded in a plurality of selected storehouse (any one among 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d, 402e, the 402f) of hot memory 410 (omitted for clarity, a plurality of arrival and from the heat exchanger of heat pump 424).Have a cooling loop 426 to withdraw from from this cold memory 420, this cooling loop is connected to a fan coil 428, and this fan coil can blow cold wind and/or can when need not heating, be connected to underfloor loop 412 so that comfortable cooling to be provided.
In order to produce the cooling that is used for air-conditioning, can heat be removed and focus on a suitable higher temperature from a storehouse of the cold memory of PCM through using a heat pump.The heat of these higher temperatures can be discharged in the environment, yet a kind of alternative is that it is increased in the storehouse of a PCM hot memory that needs additional heat.
The outstanding path representation heat that shows removes and gets into the storehouse 402c of 35 ° of C of hot memory among Fig. 4 from the storehouse 422b of 10 ° of C of cold memory 420 via heat pump 424.Better results like this; Because use a heat pump for use subsequently (for example both to increase heat separately to this hot memory 410; Be used for the heating of hot water, space) and simultaneously (and using identical energy) to drive this heat pump remove heat from this cold memory 420; Be as cold as wherein for using (for example, being used for air-conditioning) subsequently thereby increase.
Because useful temperature range is overlapping, so unclear two the distinguishing memories (is used for heating, and is used for cooling) that whether need really.Therefore; Fig. 5 shows the another energy storage system 500 that a cold memory 510 and hot memory 512 link together, and this energy storage system has that two centers (thermal center (-tre) and a cold center) are in one or near the outmost storehouse of room temperature (suppose it will be accommodated in the heat-sealing cover of a building interior).
In Fig. 6; Show a cold and hot memory 600 of similarly sharing; This memory has one to have shared single heat pump of connective time of multi-to-multi; This heat pump is connected to all storehouses except that the hottest storehouse (this connection is multiplexed,, must select to extract which low-temperature receiver that is) and is connected to all storehouses except that the coldest storehouse at its outlet side through a multiplexed connection at its input side.
The heat that the most of actual embodiment of many storehouses formula PCM hot/cold memory will be stored between a plurality of storehouses of balance again.Sometimes only just possibly realize this point from the originate heat flow in each storehouse of environment, yet this is always not attainable probably through control.
In addition, need some PCM storehouses usually, for example be used for air-conditioning below the environment temperature or below the room temperature.One the cold environment source maybe be unavailable easily.
Formula PCM hot memory, storehouse more than can be configured to have one or more heat pumps.These can connect through a plurality of heat exchangers, valve etc. as follows: this or these heat pump can be taken office the storehouse of He Gengre from any storehouse pumping heat.
Those use the many actual embodiment of the heating and cooling system of a plurality of many storehouses formula heat of change of phase memory might comprise that one or more heat pumps come to promote heat to hotter storehouse from colder storehouse so that a kind of guaranteed mode to be provided.
A heat pump can be a time multiplexing; To carry out dual role; Both as the heat pump of a storehouse to the storehouse; As an outside heat pump, exist it to play a role directly transmitting heat to the situation in hotter storehouse, and it play a role to remove heat extracts heat to this surrounding environment or from this surrounding environment other situations from the colder storehouse of a hot memory in fact again.Through using the suitable configuration of a plurality of pipelines and valve, might allow these all possibilities.Under the sort of situation, control algolithm can be increased to this direct transmission their instruction catalogue and it is optimized, and therefore in suitable, it is carried out Dynamic Selection.This is illustrated among Fig. 7, and wherein energy storage system 700 has a heat pump 706 of carrying out this pair of task.There is an environment thermal source 708.(for clarity, heat guard and some valves have been omitted.）
Be alternative in the heat pump time of carrying out is shared or multiplexed, a kind of alternative is between each storehouse, to plug a more heat pump of low capacity.This is illustrated in the energy storage system 800 shown in Fig. 8, and this energy storage system has a series of storehouse 802a, 802b, 802c, 802d, 802e, 802f, 802g, 802h, 802i, 802j, is inserted with heat pump 804 between each storehouse.(for clarity, a plurality of heat exchangers that a plurality of heat pumps 804 are connected to these storehouses and heat guard have been omitted.) also have a permission to extract the outside heat pump 806 of heat from the environment source.
An application of using the cold and hot memory of sharing heat pump has been shown among Fig. 9, and it carries out family's heating, hot water and air-conditioning from the environment thermal source.A thermal energy storage system 900 comprises a series of storehouses, and the water that heats in these storehouses or other heats transmit fluid can be used for various purposes.Inlet 902 is as a heating return port (heating return); Outlet 904 is used for heating under the floor; Outlet 906 is used for fan coil radiator device stream; Outlet 908 is used for radiator stream; Inlet 912 is used for cold running water; Outlet 910 is used for hot water; Inlet 916 is used for the air-conditioning return port and exports 914 being used for air-conditioning stream.Inlet 918 is environment thermals source.Heat pump 920 can be used as a heat pump, if the perhaps water of environment heating or be to be in sufficiently high temperature then it is walked around from the water of the solar energy heating of solar panels 922.(insulator and multiplexed valve have been omitted for clarity.Only show mobilely at the left-hand side of Fig. 9, return stream and omitted for clarity.In addition, for clarity, omitted be used for the path that is used to cool off through nocturnal radiation from solar panels).
Consider amount of heat to be loaded into such a case in the MBPCM hot/cold memory, so that the temperature that transmits heat to this hot memory from the environment source is elevated to more than the temperature in the coldest storehouse of this hot memory through using an outside heat pump.
Be alternative in and use a heat pump directly to move heat from the lower environment source of temperature, can replace with a hot memory, this hot memory is equipped with one or more extra (colder) PCM storehouses with the temperature that is lower than this environment source.Heat from the environment source can send and flow in these colder storehouses without initial heat pump.
Be plugged in a plurality of heat pumps between each storehouse of this hot memory and can be used for heat that pumping obtains like this to a plurality of hotter storehouses; Thereby make these heats become useful and storehouse that these are colder remains on an enough low temperature, amount of heat can be gathered continuously in this temperature in these colder storehouses, therefore eliminates the demand to any outside heat pump.
Can consider the instance of a MBPCM system, this MBPCM is used to drive a central heating system based on radiator, and wherein main thermal source is the underground loop that the inferior grade heat is accepted in a soil from 5 ° of C.
With reference to Figure 10 and 11, show energy storage system 1000,1100 among the figure respectively.
In situation shown in figure 10; There is an outside heat pump 1004; This outside heat pump is elevated to the heat of underground water 1020 more than 35 ° of C to 50 ° of C, so that underground water can be loaded into respectively among these storehouses 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, 1002d of 35 ° of C, 40 ° of C, 45 ° of C, 50 ° of C.The water of heating supplies to radiator 1006.In Figure 11, there are a plurality of PCM storehouse 1102a, 1102b, 1102c, 1102d, these PCM storehouses have a plurality of heat pumps 1104 that are plugged between each storehouse.The water of heating supplies to radiator 1106.
Introduced storehouse 1102a, it is the PCM of 0 ° of C that this Al Kut is not equipped with fusing point.Through the heat exchanger that underground water 1120 is passed storehouse 1102a with 0 ° of C from the fluid acquisition heat of this 5 ° of C.Subsequently or simultaneously, use a plurality of heat pumps 1104 that these heats are pumped into these hotter storehouses.
Figure 12 be a solar collector that phase change materials (PCM) memory and this solar collector are integrated embodiment cut general formula (cut-through) expression.
In this specific embodiments (more exemplary are referring to the 10th part of specification), a thin flexiplast outer sleeve 1201 comprises a kind of PCM 1203 (can be water or another kind of PCM or PCM compound).
A plurality of pipelines 1204,1205,1206 that delivery ethylene glycol, salt solution or another kind of heat transmit fluid (HTF) pass this solar collector, and these pipelines connect or connect with parallel way or with a kind of series-parallel system according to 1204,1205,1206 series sequence.
Expansion or contraction that the freeze/thaw of thin this PCM of flexible wall adaptation of gatherer causes.Preferably, these gatherers can be the pillow shape, be combined with inner floor, be in the form of a kind of inflatable packer (air-bed), allow expansion simultaneously with the thin cross section of keeping a general flat.
These walls can be black or colour (to promote to absorb the solar radiation of incident) or the transparent PCM that arrives to allow solar radiation to penetrate.This PCM can be mixed with a kind of black dyes or a kind of selective absorber (like TiNOx) with the absorption that promotes light so that heating.This PCM has formed a big thermal storage device on collection solar energy this point, and can form the storehouse (if perhaps use several gatherers of the PCM with different temperatures, being exactly several storehouses) of a hot memory of the present invention.
Alternately, the different capsule (pockets) of same gatherer (for example be three capsules 1210,1211,1212 shown in Figure 12, but be not limited to three capsules) can comprise the different PCM with different melting points.In this case; These inner floors of separating a plurality of capsules (position is like Figure 122 0, shown in 1221) play a part to separate different PCM materials extraly; And can be preferably adiabatic, and can combine a thermal power unit or other heat pumping installations.Preferably; In this embodiment; HTF flows through the pipe fitting 1204,1205,1206 that is connected in series successively, and this HTF comes out from pipe fitting 1206 from pipe fitting 1204 entering and with higher temperature with colder temperature, also preferably; Different PCM is arranged to the PCM that makes capsule 1210 comprise minimum fusing point, and capsule 1212 comprises the PCM of peak melting point.
Figure 12 only illustrates the specific embodiments according to integrated solar collector of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can adapt to other embodiments, for example:
increases cover-plate glass (to reduce the radiation once more of the heat of being gathered);
increases the heat guard of side and back;
improves the thermal insulation between the capsule;
The capsule that these are flexible replaces with the metal or the plastic casing of the rigidity that comprises PCM or PCM compound;
selective absorber coating includes but not limited to TiNOx;
replaces with the PCM compound piece of dimensionally stable with flexible plastic bags, and these PCM compound pieces are coated in the film to prevent that air and moisture from passing through.
Figure 13 shows the vacuum pipe solar gatherer that has integrated many storehouses formula PCM memory according to of the present invention.
According to prior art, glass tube 1301 comprises metal collectors plate 1302, and this metal collectors plate has heat pipe 1303 in (part) vacuum 1304.In illustrated embodiment of the present invention; Heat pipe 1303 extends into and passes PCM storehouse 1310,1311,1312; Each PCM storehouse comprises PCM or the PCM compound of different temperatures, and (for example the PCM in 1310 can be 32 ° of C fusings; PCM in 1311 can be in 45 ° of C fusing, and the PCM in 1312 can be 58 ° of C fusings).The quantity in these PCM storehouses is three, and this only is from illustrated purpose, and can change.
Heat guard 1330 and 1331 is between these PCM storehouses (and do not illustrate for clarity, around these storehouses).Penetrate each some places of heat guard 1330 between the storehouse and 1331 being labeled as 1340 point and this heat pipe, it has thermal diode or switchable device, can not leak into solar collector via the PCM of heat pipe from this storehouse to guarantee heat.
The heat pump that does not also illustrate send device (for example; Thermal power unit) can be integrated in the chamber that extends through heat guard 1330, make this heat pump send device from PCM storehouse 1310, to extract heat and send it in the PCM storehouse 1311 (and similarly via the chamber from 1311 to 1312 in 1331).
Inner PCM storehouse 1310,1311,1312 is equipped with fin or other devices, to promote that heat is delivered to PCM from heat pipe.These fins or other devices have also promoted to transmit heat to the pipe fitting 1320,1321,1322 that comprises heat transmission fluid, and these pipe fittings penetrate PCM storehouse 1310,1311,1312 respectively.These pipe fittings can connect concurrently and pass a plurality of solar vacuum-tube gatherers so that 3 (or a plurality of) HTF loops to be provided; These solar vacuum-tube gatherers have integrated many storehouses formula PCM memory in the embodiment of Figure 13, the heat of different temperatures can be extracted in these HTF loops.Alternately; Via a kind of to those skilled in the art clearly and arranged in series; At each the vacuum pipe solar gatherer with integrated many storehouses formula PCM memory, PCM storehouse 1320,1321,1322 can be visited so that temperature to the bigger temperature range of single HTF of kind that raises successively.
Figure 14 representes only to be connected to a PCM storehouse 1421 through a thermal power unit (TED) 1411 by heat pipe 1401, and (heat guard is surrounded this PCM storehouse; A pipe fitting that comprises heat transmission fluid can pass this PCM storehouse; And this PCM storehouse can comprise fin or composite, but has omitted these for clarity).
Show the concrete part of heat pipe 1402,1403, these concrete parts are connected to PCM storehouse 1422,1423 via TED1412,1413 respectively.Under two kinds of situation, heat pipe is illustrated as 20 ° of C, and the PCM storehouse is illustrated as 32 ° of C.
Battery 1432 (or alternately any other power supply) is connected (to switch via unshowned switching device shifter) in the loop and is connected with TED1412, make TED1412 from heat pipe section 1402 pumping heats to PCM storehouse 1422.
Ohmic load 1433 (all electrical loads widely of expression classification) is connected to (to switch via unshowned switching device shifter) in the loop and is connected with TED1413.Heat flow to colder heat pipe 1403 via TED1413 from the PCM storehouse.This makes TED1413 in the loop, produce an electric current.
Possibly also have other PCM storehouses of other fusing points not illustrate, and be equipped with TED between these storehouses.
Heat can pass through several kinds of mechanism and be increased in the PCM storehouse:
The solar radiation causes this heat pipe temperature to surpass the PCM warehouse temperature;
The solar radiation that is lower causes heat pipe temperature to be lower than this PCM warehouse temperature, use additional electric energy make TED from this heat pipe pumping heat to this PCM storehouse;
adds heat load via a (not shown) pipe fitting from the HTF that temperature is higher than the temperature in this PCM storehouse, and this pipe fitting passes a heat exchanger in this storehouse.
Energy can extract from this storehouse through the automatic selection between user or the following two kinds of mechanism:
extracts heat via a (not shown) pipe fitting from the temperature in this PCM storehouse, and this pipe fitting passes a heat exchanger in this storehouse, this heat exchanger delivery temperature HTF lower than this PCM storehouse;
When being in than the lower temperature in this PCM storehouse when this heat pipe, (for example, at night), allow heat to flow back into this heat pipe to produce an electric current via this TED.
Figure 15 representes the specific embodiments of a radiator and ceiling dull and stereotyped 1500; This embodiment has PCM storehouse 1501 (having 18 ° of C of an illustrated melting temperature), 1502 (the having 24 ° of C of an illustrated melting temperature) of two thermal insulation; Each PCM storehouse have a plurality of inner fins or with the compound heat conduction reinforcing material of this PCM to allow heat to a flat-plate heat pipe 1520 or from its outflow; This flat-plate heat pipe is arranged to basal surface 1523, this basal surface and room radioactive exposure of its this ceiling brick of formation on another aspect.Exist on a plurality of points 1521 and 1522 heat pump switching device shifter (not shown) with allow a control system to decide at any time whether to allow heat PCM storehouse 1501,1502 any/two with basal surface 1523 between mobile.
TED1510 contacts with 1502 with two PCM storehouses 1501, make to use after the electric energy, and this TED can be from 1501 pumping heats to 1502 (or can through allow heat from 1502 flow to 1501 produce electric energy at this TED of another time).
Figure 16 representes the specific embodiments of ceiling brick 1600 (or similar radiator); This ceiling brick has single PCM storehouse 1610 (temperature is for example 24 ° of C) and adds a thermal power unit (" TED ") 1620, and this thermal power unit is connected to a heat spreader 1630 with room radiation a kind of degree of convection current (and reach) with PCM storehouse 1610.Heat guard 1640 surrounds PCM storehouse 1610.PCM storehouse 1610 is equipped with internal heat spreader plate 1611 and perpendicular to 1611 fin 1612 (or alternately have the PCM compound, this PCM compound comprises a kind of heat conduction reinforcing agent).In preferred embodiments, heat spreader plate 1611 and 1630 is made up of metallic plate or flat-plate heat pipe.
Figure 17 a, b and c represent various embodiments, and wherein recuperation of heat ventilating system is equipped with the configuration of various PCM storehouse and heat pump.
Figure 17 a shows one and gets into an air duct 1710a (cold outdoor air flows out to the environment of a heating from the 1711a entering and from 1712a) and an outflow air conduit 1760a (warm stale room air flows out to this outdoor environment from the 1761a entering and from 1762a).
Have 15 ° of C of fusion temperature, 11 ° of C, 8 ° of C, 5 ° of C respectively, (all temperature all are exemplary to 3 ° of C; Rather than appointment, and the PCM storehouse of 5 quantity also is exemplary) PCM storehouse 1741a, 1742a, 1743a, 1744a, 1745a all pass through heat exchanger 1751a, 1752a, 1753a, 1754a, 1755a (can preferably form) and 1760 thermo-contacts by metal fins and/or heat pipe.Therefore, the air that begins to flow out from the 1761a of about 21 ° of C can be cooled to about 6 ° of C and flow out, and storing heat is to a plurality of storehouse 1741a, 1742a, 1743a, 1744a, 1745a simultaneously.
Air among the conduit 1710a runs into a plurality of heat exchanger 1725a, 1724a, 1723a, 1722a, 1721a successively from outdoor entering and in the 1711a cooling.When the decision of control system is essential when increasing heat to the air of introducing; Just open heat pump (preferably thermal power unit) 1735a, 1734a, 1733a, 1732a, 1731a (being plugged between heat exchanger 1725a, 1724a, 1723a, 1722a, 1721a and PCM storehouse 1745a, 1744a, 1743a, 1742a, the 1741a), to extract heats from these PCM storehouses and these heats will be sent to the air of the air conduit 1710a of introducing.Use these heat pumps to transmit the air that can transmit higher temperature, and this can control this temperature accurately than a passive type recuperation of heat ventilating system.Advantageously, the air of heating introducing only can be controlled as and providing in the selected time.
Figure 17 b shows an alternate embodiment, and the project that wherein is labeled as 17xxb has and the identical meaning of project that in Figure 17 a, is labeled as 17xxa.Extra PCM storehouse 1771b ..., 1775b is plugged in thermal power unit 1731b ..., the air duct heat exchanger 1721b of 1735b and introducing ..., between the 1725b.Storehouse 1771b ..., the melting temperature among the 1775b can be chosen as for example 25 ° of C; ... 13 ° of C, be enough to drive heat just via heat exchanger 1721b ...; 1725b is in the air of introducing, to transmit the air of this introducing at 1712a with a comfortable indoor air temperature (for example 21 ° of C).This embodiment allows these PCM storehouses 1741b ..., 1745b and 1771b;, 1775b serves as a rate buffer, thus the air continuous acquisition heat that permission is flowed out from conduit 1760b; And transmit heat to the air of introducing among the conduit 1710b continuously, allow equipment 1731b simultaneously ... 1735b carries out the heat pumping off and on according to rule or condition, and these conditions relate to the availability of the electric power that drives heat pump.
Figure 17 c shows an alternative alternate embodiment, and the project that wherein is labeled as 17xxc has and the identical meaning of project that in Figure 17 a, is labeled as 17xxa.A plurality of heat pumps be reapposed over a plurality of storehouses (1731c between 1741c and 1742c, 1732c between 1742c and 1743c, by that analogy) between.Heat exchanger 1721c ..., 1725c all is equipped with a switch or valve or (switchable in a preferred embodiment pipeline) 1781c ..., whether 1785c can flow between this heat exchanger and this PCM storehouse with the control heat.Heat exchanger 1751c ...., 1755c all is equipped with a switch or valve or (switchable in a preferred embodiment pipeline) 1791c ..., whether 1795c can flow between this heat exchanger and this PCM storehouse with the control heat.
This embodiment needs the PCM storehouse (less than the quantity of heat pump half the) of Figure 17 b of half; But have identical speed to buffer ability, thus the air continuous acquisition heat that permission is flowed out from conduit 1760c, and transmit heat to the air of introducing among the conduit 1710c continuously; Allow equipment 1731c simultaneously; ..., 1735c carries out the heat pumping off and on according to rule or condition, and these conditions relate to the availability of the electric power that drives heat pump.Through using switch/valve door gear 1781c ..., 1785c, the air that can be on time and degree heat be sent to introducing is controlled.Through use switch/valve door gear 1791c ..., 1795c reclaims heat from the air that flows out and can split into PCM storehouse all or that be merely part.Storehouse 1741c can have the PCM that fusing point is 25 ° of C, and 1742c is 20 ° of C, and 1743c is 15 ° of C, and 1744c is 10 ° of C, and 1744c is 5 ° of C.Heat exchanger 1751c and/or 1752c can omit, because PCM storehouse 1741c and/or 1742c can always be higher than or near the temperature of air, these air are the air conduit 1760c that are incorporated into outflow at 1761c.To those skilled in the art, similarly variation will be tangible.
Figure 17 a, b and c represent the indoor environment of a heating and the situation of a cold outdoor environment exchange of air.To those skilled in the art, it will be tangible adapting to the indoor environment that comprises cooling and the outdoor environment exchange of air of a heat.
Figure 18 representes to pass the cross section of the embodiment of a part of PCM storehouse or thermal cell, the aspectant combination of plate (not shown) of one of them metallic plate 1800 and a mirror image.The below of plate 1800 is main bodys (and similarly above mirror plate) of PCM1830.Indentation 1801,1802,1803,1804 is formed in the plate 1800.This can use fixing die to realize in a press, or through using 1841 or 1842 repeated impacts of punch die 1840.Indentation 1801 (and enantiotropy) forms a pipeline and transmits fluid 1810 with the delivery heat.Indentation 1803 forms a littler pipeline with delivery cold-producing medium 1820.Can not reveal in order to ensure refrigerant gas, form extra scotch 1802,1804, and these scotch have filled up the flexible sealing agent 1822,1824 of cross cutting.
Embodiment shown in Figure 19 has advantage:
1. for the layer of a fixed thickness, the depletion curve of transmitting fluid HTF mirror image from heat begins to end, reduces bed thickness, makes all PCM apply heat at one time.
In metal (will fill up the PCM/ compound) or directly in PCM compound (will being metallized at other face coat then) pattern of HTF passage all be strippable, flexible or flexible (for example being used for rapid shaping) through CNC.
3. can select overlapping wave pattern and surface roughening to handle (for example, dimple) to maximize the heat transmission and to minimize pollution.
4. can the Grove pattern be engraved in the 30-sine wave and curse length and maximize surface with maximization HTF.
Figure 19 representes to pass the cross section of the embodiment in PCM storehouse; This PCM storehouse comprises multilayer (illustrating 1910,1911,1912,1913 here) PCM or PCM compound (can comprise that heat conduction reinforcing agent and/or other devices are with increased thermal conductivity, like meticulous fin (not shown)).Use mirror image indentation 1931/1941,1932/1942,1933/1943 to form one group of passage 1921,1922,1923.These indentations can print, molded, the surface (after this can apply metallized or a polymer or other a coating) of scribing or be machined into these layers.Alternately, 1931,1932,1933,1941,1942,1943 can each thin layer naturally, uses molded, printing etc. to process, and has introduced the PCM/ compound betwixt and has formed layer.
Heat transmits fluid (HTF) or cold-producing medium flows in passage 1921,1922,1923.Can flow different in each passage or with a kind of fluid.(do not have the anti-fluid of diagram to spill or passage between external container box or sidewall, and the configuration of manifold of leading near end and the far-end of passage).
In these passages, can form and be exemplified as 1951,1952 darker, non-mirror image groove, to allow HTF or cold-producing medium more to flow and to have bigger surface area near PCM.What be exemplified as that any channel surface of 1931,1941,1951,1952 can have an one-period property thinks that (for example, 3D sine curve) is with maximize surface and HTF flow-path-length.
Surface 1931,1941,1951,1952 etc. is gone up the pattern or the surface roughening that can form overlapping ripple and is handled (like, dimple), wherein these patterns be from pattern known in the art, select with enhancing heat transmission and/or minimize pollution.
Layer 1910 has a passage, and this passage is (bottom) contiguous this layer on a surface only.Yet 1911,1912 have the passage on contiguous two surfaces (top and bottom).The two superficial layers 1912 that illustrate have the vertical thickness of comparing minimizing with layer 1911, and this has the temperature difference that the compensation of being beneficial to reduces, because HTF at first flows in passage 1921, then through 1922,1923, in this order by that analogy.Other variations of thickness of layer can be favourable, for example owing in different passages, use different HTF with different thermophysical property, these HTF with different efficiency from the mobile heat of these layers or mobile heat to these layers.
Figure 19 a has represented more detailed element among Figure 19, comprises exemplary wave pattern 1920a, 1921a and surperficial dimple 1910a, 1911a in the surface that is formed on passage 1935a.Therefore these details table are shown the PCM/ compound are not shown, and have looked out the details of 1910a, 1911a, 1920a, 1921a sideways from the PCM/ compound of the wall of passage 1935a.
Passage 1935a is expressed as has two groove 1936a, 1937a, extends upward respectively and to extending below, all three-dimensional sine curve of follower.
X-axle 1930a, 1940a, 1950a; Y axle 1931a, 1951a; Z axle 1932a, 1942a, 1952a are in the same framework of being quoted.
1946a representes the plane of the sinusoidal curvature of passage 1936a.
1956a representes the cutaway view of total shape (get rid of external waviness, dimple) of passage 1936a, and 1955a representes the shape of 1935a, notes, 1955a has greater than 90 ° angle with the increase surface area to 1958a.Passage 1959a is expressed as the enantiotropy around the Y axle of 1955a.Point among the 1958a of cross section stretches out and is three-dimensional sine curve 1953a.Other all points stretch out so that the some 1958a in X-Y plane 1951a-1950a keeps same displacement, and each plane parallel subsequently is in said plane.
Figure 20 representes the embodiment of structure of the PCM of HTF heat exchanger 2000, and this HTF heat exchanger forms whole or part PCM storehouse or thermal cell.A plurality of PCM layers 2020; 2060 is cuboid; Littler in fact than other layers on a dimension, this is to be formed by the PCM or the PCM compound (randomly, having the compound that inner heat conduction strengthens fin or comprises the heat conduction enhancement additive) that are enclosed in a can or the film (metallized, polymer or other).
Illustrate one group of supporting construction, comprise metallic plate or plastic plate 2090 ..., 2095, each metallic plate or plastic plate form or are cut into a kind of S shape comb shape configuration of repetition, have horizontally extending a plurality of otch, and otch replaces from near-end and far-end.Each otch size is the thickness of PCM layer, and in each otch, insert a PCM layer (2020 ..., 2060).
Said gripper shoe is expressed as vertical placement, and at interval to set up a plurality of passages, shows the entrance 2010 of these passages ..., 2014 with exit point 2015 ..., 2019.These passages extend on the PCM layer of descending in the PCM layer (under this PCM layer more passage being arranged) at top and each subsequently from the near to the remote, are expressed as 2015 ..., 2019.Entrance 2010 connects a continuous S shape passage to outlet 2015; Extend in the top of PCM layer 2020 at first from the near to the remote, then walk around 2020 far-end, turn back to 2020 times and pass through simultaneously the top of PCM layer 2030 then; And walk around 2030 near-end, successively descend by that analogy.Passage is connected to 2016,2012 with 2011 and is connected to 2017,2013 and is connected to 2018 and 2014 and is connected to 2019 like one category.
Figure 21 representes the details of an embodiment of PCM of the HTF heat exchanger of Figure 20, shows an end plate 2130, and this end plate 2130 covers a plurality of passages 2110 ..., the entrance of 2114 (with the passages 2010 among Figure 20 .., 2014 is identical).End plate 2130 is connected to a plurality of pipeline sections 2120 .., and 2124, these pipeline sections provide respectively and get into a plurality of passages 2110 ..., 2114 pipe connects.A similar configuration will provide the outflow from channel outlet point.
Figure 22 representes the sectional view of alternate embodiment of structure of the PCM of HTF heat exchanger 2200; Wherein gripper shoe 2220; ...; Again the layout of 2260 shape provides a pair of space 2281 and 2282, and passage (inlet 2210 of a passage is illustrated as the cross section with outlet 2215) is led in the space that this is serving as the manifold in this heat exchanger volume to the space, this space.Illustrated pipeline 2280 and 2283 allow heats transmit fluids flow into respectively 2281 with flow out 2282.
Figure 23 representes the PCM of HTF heat exchange 2300, shows the plane of a fin tubular gas HTF heat exchanger, only illustrates some fins 2320,2321,2322,2328 and pipe fitting 2330,2331,2332,2337, and this heat exchanger is enclosed in the boxes 2310.The gas compartment between fin and the pipe fitting has been filled up phase change materials in all positions, is exemplified as 2340,2341.These pipe fittings form a plurality of U-bend return terminals, and being exemplified as does not have 2390,2391,2392 of fin, so these U-bend return terminals have filled up the phase change materials compound that comprises the heat conduction reinforcing agent in a plurality of positions, are exemplified as 2350,2351.Heat exchanger 2370 transmits heat-shift between the fluid at an external service (not shown) and a secondary heat, and this secondary heat exchange fluid passes through pump 2360 around the pumping of pipe fitting loop.Heat exchanger 2380 and a heat pump (not shown) heat-shift, this heat pump comes heat (if this pump is a vapor compression heat pump, 2380 just form the condenser of this heat pump) from a colder library tape of fusing point.Heat exchanger 2381 and a heat pump (not shown) heat-shift, this heat pump are taken away the higher storehouse of heat to a fusing point (if this pump is a vapor compression heat pump, 2381 just form the evaporimeter of this heat pump).2360,2370,2380,2381 can or imbed in the phase change materials compound in a chamber.
Figure 24 representes the nested PCM of HTF heat exchanger 2499; This heat exchanger has core parts 2400 (inner member is identical with 23xx among Figure 23); These core parts are nested in the external heat exchanger that is depicted as plane, and this external heat exchanger comprises the fin tubular gas HTF heat exchanger (only illustrating some fins 2420,2421,2422,2428) of a bending of 2400 of reeling and according to 2430,2431 (being enclosed in the box 2410 of a thermal insulation).The gas compartment between fin and the pipe fitting has been filled up phase change materials in all positions, is exemplified as 2440,2441.These pipe fittings form a plurality of U-bend return terminals 2490 that do not have fin, so the phase change materials compound that comprises the heat conduction reinforcing agent 2450 has been filled up in the position in this space.Heat exchanger 2470 transmits heat-shift between the fluid at an external service (not shown) and a secondary heat, and this secondary heat exchange fluid passes through pump 2460 around the pumping of pipe fitting loop.Heat exchanger 2480 and a heat pump (not shown) heat-shift, this heat pump comes heat (if this pump is a vapor compression heat pump, 2480 just form the condenser of this heat pump) from a colder library tape of fusing point.Heat exchanger 2481 and a heat pump (not shown) heat-shift; This heat pump take away heat to the higher storehouse 2400 of nested fusing point (if this pump is a vapor compression heat pump; 2481 just form the evaporimeter of this heat pump), therefore be connected to 2482 (be equal to Figure 23 2380).2360,2370,2380,2381 can or imbed in the phase change materials compound in a chamber.
Figure 25 with etc. the axle mode show a part of PCM-HTF heat exchanger 2500; This heat exchanger has the loop that a secondary heat transmits the pumping of fluid 2510, and this secondary heat transmits fluid and in a plurality of pipe fittings loop, passes PCM heat exchanger 2515 (having omitted details).Pump 2520 promotes this HTF around the loop; And through plate type heat exchanger 2530; Wherein this plate type heat exchanger with from managing the 2540 external service heat-shifts that get into, thereby give heat to these water or other fluids (or alternately from these water or other fluid extraction heats) at the point that water or other fluids of this external service comes out from pipe fitting 2541.
The end-view of the alternate embodiment of illustration 2590 expression pumps 2521 and three plate type heat exchangers 2531,2532,2533, this allows three kinds of different external services to load or remove heat.
Position 2550 at the far-end of this heat exchanger provides an extra position that more heat exchanger is installed.
Figure 26 is the sketch map of formula PCM hot memory, storehouse more than, and wherein each storehouse has only a direct heat transfer loop to share carrying out dual role, a time from CO 2Heat pump adds heat load, and heats cold water to produce hot water in another time.Storehouse 2610 comprises the PCM that fusing point is 10 ° of C, and storehouse 2670 comprises PCM and the storehouse 2680 that fusing point is 70 ° of C and comprises the PCM that fusing point is 80 ° of C.Heat exchanger 2611,2671 and 2681 is schematically illustrated in respectively in storehouse 2610,2670 and 2680.
When in these storehouses, filling heat energy, pump 2640 makes the water circulation through CO 2Heat pump 2605, wherein this CO 2More than the heat pump to 80 °; Valve 2606 is set to switch current and gets into heat exchanger 2681,2671 successively ..., 2611; Valve 2603 is switched to this loop of completion and turns back to pump 2604.
When needs hot water, close pump 2604 and heat pump 2605.Cold water gets into 2601; Open valve 2603, thus water inflow heat exchanger 2611 successively ..., 2671,2681; Open valve 2606, so present hot water flows to the valve 2607 of set point, water transmits with cold water mix and in the temperature of outlet 2608 with hot set point herein.
Figure 27 is the sketch map of the embodiment of a complicacy of the present invention; This embodiment comprises that has the formula PCM hot memory, many storehouses that the Nei Kushi heat pump send; This hot memory provides the hot water service from heat, and these heats are collected from a solar energy hot plate and waste water recuperation of heat.
The waste water recuperation of heat that whenever sufficient sunshine is arranged and do not arrive simultaneously, pump 2703 just make solar heat transmit the fluid circulation through solar panels 2770.Solar energy HTF advances to valve 2780 and 2781 via pipeline loop 2771; These two valves always oppositely are provided with (alternately; Can use single triple valve), to let solar energy HTF through storehouse 2758 (PCM that comprises 58 ° of C fusing points) or walk around between the said storehouse and select according to decision logic.Similarly, valve 2782,2783 passes through or walks around storehouse 2745; Valve 2784,2785 passes through or walks around storehouse 2732; Valve 2786,2787 passes through or walks around storehouse 2720; Valve 2788,2789 passes through or walks around storehouse 2707.When the solar energy side that flows to this loop, two valves 2790 and 2791 are all closed, thereby walk around storehouse 2700.
When the sensor (not shown) detects waste water when stream 2763, close pump 2703; Open valve 2765 in case the solar energy side of this backflow is gone in fluid stopping, and allow to reclaim side flow at waste water; Open pump 2702, solar energy HTF flows into the heat exchanger 2760 of waste water recuperations of heat via pipeline 2761 now, wherein this solar energy HTF and waste water adverse current, thereby in the outflow of 2762 places of the temperature of sensing HTF.The valve 2765 that HTF flowed into and opens.Valve 2784 and 2785 always oppositely is provided with (alternately, can use single triple valve), to let HTF through storehouse 2732 (PCM that comprises 32 ° of C fusing points) or walk around between the said storehouse and select according to decision logic.Similarly, valve 2786,2787 passes through or walks around storehouse 2720; Valve 2788,2789 passes through or walks around storehouse 2707; Valve 2790,2791 passes through or walks around storehouse 2700.Even there have heat to have to be to be collected, sometimes can walk around 2700, so not low to guarantee getting into the temperature of 2760 HTF 2761, in winter, the HTF of low temperature makes that to leave 2764 waste water too cold, and possibly freeze in the downstream of waste pipe.
Being controlled the heat pump 2705 of the control of logic can be from the storehouse 2700 extract heats and it is sent to storehouse 2707 with high temperature; Likewise, heat pump 2715 can be from the storehouse 2707 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2720 with high temperature; Heat pump 2725 can be from the storehouse 2720 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2732 with high temperature; Heat pump 2735 can be from the storehouse 2732 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2745 with high temperature; Heat pump 2755 can be from the storehouse 2745 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2758 with high temperature.
Cold running water gets into 2701; Valve 2705,2718,2730 control water 2706, the 2719 or 2730 heat exchanger (not shown) that at first get in storehouse 2707,2720 or 2732 of whether flowing through respectively then.If let water at first flow through 2707, the heat exchanger that water flow to forward in 2720 flows to 2732 then.If let water at first flow to 2720, then walked around 2707 fully, water flow to 2732 forward.If let water at first flow to 2732, then walked around 2707 and 2720 fully.After storehouse 2732, water always flows through 2745.How many current warps 2758 of constant temperature mixed valve door 2704 controls and how much water are walked around it.2704 output flows to 2702 pipeline hot water supply.
Figure 28 is the plane that is divided into the fin pipe heat exchanger 2800 of four locellus 2840,2841,2842,2843; Each locellus comprises the different phase change materials of different melting points temperature, melting temperature from 2840 to 2843 dull risings (or alternately dull decline).Heat transmits fluid and gets into parallel pipe fitting 2810,2811,2812 in 2801 entering and via manifold 2802, at first gets into locellus 2840, and wherein this heat transmits fluid and passed heat exchange fin 2820,2821,2822.After this, this HTF passes heat guard 2830 and gets into locellus 2841 (wherein this pipe fitting passes this heat guard, can use plastic pipe to replace thermal conductive metal pipe elsewhere); Pass heat guard 2831 then and get into locellus 2842; Get into 2843 through 2832; After this flow to outlet 2804 via manifold 2803.
Figure 29 is the sketch map of a part embodiment, and it still is a kind of cold-producing medium some other the time that wherein a kind of heat transmits fluid.PCM storehouse 2910,2920 comprises PCM, and wherein 2910 have lower melting temperature, and 2920 have higher melting temperature.The heat at 2911 places transmits fluid can pass the heat exchanger (not shown) in 2910.In service normally, can valve-off 2912 make this HTF get into pump 2914, this pump in the loop of a sealing via heat exchanger 2915 and 2916 and valve 2913 pumping HTF turn back to 2911.In this configuration, can 2910 extract heats and be loaded into storehouse 2910 from serving 2961 from the storehouse via heat exchanger 2915 to external service 2950 and/or via heat exchanger 2916.
The heat at 2921 places transmits fluid can pass the heat exchanger (not shown) in 2920.In service normally, can valve-off 2928 make this HTF get into pump 2924, this pump in the loop of a sealing via heat exchanger 2925 and 2926 and valve 2927 pumping HTF turn back to 2921.In this configuration, can 2920 extract heats and be loaded into storehouse 2920 from serving 2960 from the storehouse via heat exchanger 2925 to external service 2951 and/or via heat exchanger 2926.
Heat pump between storehouse 2910 and 2920 send in the operation; Close pump 2914 and 2924 and open valve 2912,2927,2928 and 2913; Make HTF (serving as cold-producing medium now) at first pass the heat exchanger (serving as an evaporimeter) in 2910, pass through compressor 2940 then, then through this heat exchanger (serving as a condenser) in 2920; Be expansion valve 2941 then, and turn back to 2911.
Figure 30 is the sketch map of the embodiment of a complicacy of the present invention; This embodiment comprises that has the formula PCM hot memory, many storehouses that the Nei Kushi heat pump send; This hot memory provides the hot water service from heat, and these heats are to come from the waste water recuperation of heat with from the next heat collection of a plurality of freezer pumpings, and these freezers are used in a country cold water service being provided; In this country, running water arrives with very hot temperature from pipeline.
When the sensor (not shown) detects waste water when stream 2763; Temperature according to waste water; Open selected one group of pump 2791,2708,2717,2721,2733; Thereby allow HTF to flow into waste water heat recovering heat exchanger 2792,2709,2718,2722,2734 respectively, therefore gather heat respectively to selected one group of storehouse 2700,2707,2715,2720,2732.
Even there have heat to have to be to be collected, sometimes can cancel pump 2791, so not low with the temperature of guaranteeing to get into 2792 HTF, in winter, the HTF of low temperature makes that to leave 2764 waste water too cold, and possibly freeze in the downstream of waste pipe.
Being controlled the heat pump 2705 of the control of logic can be from the storehouse 2700 extract heats and it is sent to storehouse 2707 with high temperature; Likewise, heat pump 2714 can be from the storehouse 2707 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2715 with high temperature; Heat pump 2716 can be from the storehouse 2715 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2720 with high temperature; Heat pump 2725 can be from the storehouse 2720 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2732 with high temperature; Heat pump 2735 can be from the storehouse 2732 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2745 with high temperature; Heat pump 2755 can be from the storehouse 2745 extracts heats and it is sent to storehouse 2758 with high temperature.
Cold running water gets into 2701; Via optional ion exchange column 2797; According to the temperature of running water, open one of valve 2790,2791,2792,2793 and whether at first flow into then in storehouse 2715,2720,2732 or 2745 with control water.No matter which first storehouse that water is flowed through at first is, 2745 flow out from the storehouse up to water in the water all storehouse hotter than said first storehouse of just flowing through then.How many current warps 2758 of constant temperature mixed valve door 2704 controls and how much water are walked around it.2704 output flows to 2702 pipeline hot water supply.
Water also can flow to the storehouse colder than the temperature of this pipeline from pipeline; For example; If 25 ° of C and valve 2792 are opened during the pipeline temperature, water not only can upwards flow through these storehouses 2732,2745,2758, and can be downward through a plurality of storehouses 2720,2715,2707,2700.Constant temperature mixed valve 2798 in storehouse 2707 and 2700 the output allows cold water output 2799 is carried out the temperature control of a setting.
Figure 31 representes a PCM-HTF heat-exchanger rig, and one of them PCM-HTF heat exchanger 3110 surrounds an air HTF fin pipe heat exchanger 3120, and a fan 3130 has been installed in the place ahead of this air HTF fin pipe heat exchanger.
Pipe fitting 3111,3112 passes these fins, and these fins comprise fin 3140,3141,3142, and these fins pass PCM fill area 3110 and fills with air district 3120, and PCM3150 fills the space between the fin in this PCM fill area.
Figure 32 representes that the device of representing among three Figure 31 is stacked on the configuration of front each other.These three heat exchangers 3210,3220,3230 have the dull PCM melting temperature that increases.Placed fan 3240 in 3210 fronts.Expression is demonstration fin 3211,3212 on 3210.Between storehouse 3210 and 3220, placed heat guard 3250 (also have a hole flows between the storehouse to allow air at the center); Similarly, between storehouse 3220 and 3230, placed heat guard 3251.
Figure 33 representes one embodiment of the invention; This embodiment comprises the solar energy hot water tank of a conventional design, one group of PCM storehouse and heat pump; This embodiment is configured to a solar thermal system to existing design and improves item, and this improvement item extracted more heat from it before the solar energy HTF that returns flow back into solar panels; The heat pump that uses the heat of these storages to be used to flow into preheating running water before the solar energy hot water tank and be used to delay time send, and for example the heat pump at night send.
Described box 3320 and 3325, wherein new equipment has been incorporated into a prior art system.
Chest 3310 has been full of solar heat HTF, and this chest is layered as 3314 and has 40 ° of C of temperature usually, and 3317 have 70 ° of C of temperature usually.Solar energy HTF flows out to solar panels 3316 via pump 3315 near 3314, enter into this storehouse via the spray boom 3313 of layering.Inner drinking- water coil 3311 and 3312 heats the running water of 3362 places introducing and transmits hot water 3319.
In the present invention, the pipeline between 3321 and 3322 (box 3320) is replaced by 3331 and 3332.From 3331, solar energy HTF flows through valve 3333, in normal solar energy collecting operation, this valve open so that solar energy HTF respectively via heat exchanger 3334,3335 just like storehouse 3351,3350. Storehouse 3350,3351 comprises the phase change materials that fusing point is respectively 20 ° of C, 32 ° of C.Can use a lot of storehouses and different temperature.Therefore; HTF flows to solar panels 3332 with the temperature (for example 25 ° of C) more much lower than the temperature (for example 40 ° of C) at 3314 places in storehouse 3310; Thereby extra energy, and through reducing the performance that its operating temperature and energy loss therefore improve solar panels 3316 with extraction.
(for example) cold running water of 10 ° of C is incorporated into heat exchanger 3360 and 3361 gets into 3350,3351 respectively successively 3359, and this cold running water gets into water tank 3310 3362 and is preheating to (for example) 25 ° of C before.
In the present invention, the connection 3346 and 3348 that from 3326 to 3328 pipe fitting (box 3325) is passed triple valve 3370 replaces, and this triple valve also has connection 3347.
At night or other times; If the heat among the HTF in the storehouse 3310 is inadequate; Just open valve 3370 and 3333, make near 3314 current water tank 3310 to flow to heat pump 3346 (from adding water here) with valve 3333 via 3331; Thereby the temperature of rising HTF, then via 3347, valve 3370 and layering spray boom 3313 turn back in the water tank 3310.Heat pump 3346 is through letting cold-producing medium flow through heat exchanger apparatus 3340 and successively 3341 and return via 3342 via 3343, and 3351 and 3350 extracts heats from the storehouse.
Figure 34 representes to be split as a plurality of heat insulating parts and the sketch map (top) and the plane (bottom) of the solar panels that formula PCM hot memory, storehouse more than (can have heat pump and send, be not shown) combines.
A solar energy hot plate 3400 is split as a plurality of heat insulating parts 3410,3411 ..., 3417.The cold solar energy HTF that returns flows into part 3410 from 3409 with (for example) 9-10 ° of C, then successively through 3411 ..., 3417, thus obtain heat and heat up in each part, flow out 3471 up to it.The low controlled advantage of returning temperature be solar panels in lower temperature work, the solar energy of therefore being gathered is less through radiation again, convection current and conduction loss.Yet the metal matter solar panels of a routine will have identical in fact mean temperature on its whole surface.The heat insulation of these parts has been avoided temperature-averagingization and has advantageously further been reduced the heat loss of these solar panels.
Sensor, control logic and valve (not shown) are selected pipeline 3472 according to the temperature of the HTF at 3471 places; One of 3476 as starting point to flow into the heat exchanger in the storehouse 3458,3445,3432,3420,3407, these storehouses comprise the phase change materials that melting temperature is 58 ° of C, 45 ° of C, 32 ° of C, 20 ° of C, 7 ° of C successively.In illustrated embodiment, in case HTF gets into an at first selected storehouse, this HTF also can pass all storehouses that melting temperature reduces successively.
3480 is the plane of the physical implementation scheme of hot segmentation solar panels. Metal tube part 3481,3482,3483,3484 is incorporated into 3491,3492,3493,3494.Plastic tube part 3485 connects metal tube 3481 to 3482; Plastic tube 3486 connects 3482 to 3483; 3487 connect 3483 to 3484.Heat-insulating shield part 3495 connects metallic plate 3491 to 3492; Heat-insulating shield 3496 connects 3492 to 3493; 3497 connect 3493 to 3494.Solar energy HTF gets into via 3481 and leaves via 3484.
Figure 35 representes to integrate heat pump and send the cutaway view with half signal of four alternate embodiment (secondary Figure 35 a, 35b, 35c, 35d) of a fin tubular type PCM-HTF heat exchanger.
In all secondary figure, 3510x representes to deliver all pipe fittings of HTF or cold-producing medium process heat exchanger; 3511x, 3512x, 3513x represent three typical fins; The PCM/ compound is present between all fins, for example 3514x, 3515x in the position.3520x, 3521x (when existing) represent around the heat exchanger and the heat guard between the storehouse.(in all cases, all there is heat guard in the end but is not shown.）
Secondary Figure 35 a representes that extraly metallic plate 3535a, 3533a are incorporated into or push the bottom surface and the end face of (so that producing thermo-contact) fin array respectively.Another metallic plate 3534a representes the bottom metal of the PCM storehouse (not shown) that next temperature is higher.A metal derby 3531a thermal is in the top of plate 3533a, and this metal derby is incorporated into or pushes the bottom surface of (so that producing thermo-contact) thermal power unit 3530a then.A metal derby 3534a thermal is in the bottom of plate 3532a, and this metal derby is incorporated into or pushes the end face of (so that producing thermo-contact) thermal power unit 3530a then.Metallic plate 3533a, the metal derby 3531a that combines with fin 3511a, 3512a, 3513a and other metal fins is that heat provides thermally conductive pathways, and these heats remain to be drawn into this thermal power unit 3530a from this PCM.Similarly, the metal derby 3532a in the storehouse that next temperature is higher, metallic plate 3534a and fin (not shown) are that heat provides thermally conductive pathways, and these heats remain to be pushed into from this thermal power unit the PCM in the higher storehouse of next temperature.Heat guard is present in 3521a, the 3522a between the storehouse, and surrounds metal derby and thermal power unit.There is the similar configuration of heat guard, metal derby and thermal power unit in the 3520a place, but not shown.
Secondary Figure 35 b representes a modification, does not have metallic plate or metal derby in this modification, and heat guard 3520b, 3521b upper and lower continuously.Pipe fitting 3510b forms a loop by the sealing of pump (not shown) driving; This loop delivers heat to a cold plate type heat exchanger 3540b or delivers heat from it; A thermal power unit 3530b is incorporated into or pushes (so that producing thermo-contact) this plate type heat exchanger; This thermal power unit is incorporated into or pushes (so that producing thermo-contact) another cold plate 3541b then, delivers heat to the higher storehouse of next temperature to connect a loop 3555b.
Secondary Figure 35 d shows the modification of 35b; 3540d is a plate type heat exchanger that is connected to loop 3531d in this modification; This loop delivers cold-producing medium to a heat pump 3550d or from its delivery heat, a refrigerant loop 3555d delivers heat to the higher storehouse of next temperature from this heat pump 3550d.
Secondary Figure 35 c shows the modification of a 35d, and a secondary pipe fitting 3531c delivers cold-producing medium to a heat pump (not shown) or delivers cold-producing medium from it in this modification, and 3531c passes the fin of this heat exchanger.
Figure 36 representes the sketch map of the earth source heat pump of a conventional design, and this earth source heat pump is connected to one group of PCM storehouse and waste water recuperation of heat, and wherein this is configured in salt solution has increased about 10 ° of C from the temperature that ground circuit flows to heat pump, has therefore increased its whole efficiency.Extra heat energy obtains and is stored in PCM from the waste water recuperation of heat, send up to the beginning heat pump.
Waste pipe 3642 has heat reclaim coil 3624,3614,3606 three positions, and these heat reclaim coils are connected to PCM storehouse 3625,3615,3607 (comprising melting temperature respectively is the PCM of 25 ° of C, 15 ° of C, 7 ° of C) respectively.Whenever waste water when 3642 flow out with the temperature that is higher than storehouse 3625,3615,3607, the temperature in the waste water stream makes heat transmission fluid take the circumstances into consideration to flow through 3624,3614,3606 with flow sensor, control logic and pump (all not shown).
Cold running water gets into 3620, and before 3621 outflows, is heated by storehouse 3615,3625,3635,3645 successively, thereby benefits from the waste water heat that is stored in storehouse 3615 and 3625.
It is sometimes too cold and can not increase sufficient amount of heat in running water to be stored in heat in the storehouse 3615, and the heat in the Ei storehouse 3607 is too cold.A heat pump 3610 lets the heat that is lower than 0 ° of C transmit fluid through piping 3610 arrival ground circuit 3612, and heat transmits fluid and returns with 0 to the 5 ° of C of temperature that returns usually via pipeline 3613 from this ground circuit.This HTF passes the heat exchanger in storehouse 3607 and 3615, and these heat exchangers were gathered heat and rising temperature before this HTF gets into heat pump 3610 via pipeline 3619, can be 10 ° of C-15 ° of C in its temperature of this point.
The output that the heat exchanger at 3630 places and valve (not shown) are opened heat pump 3629, and should output point to heating circuit 3631 or via 3626 to storehouse 3625, via 3636 to storehouse 3635 or via 3646 to storehouse 3645.
In an alternate embodiment, earth source heat pump can be an air supply heat pump, and this air supply heat pump can be a series of little heat pump between a plurality of storehouses, rather than an integral heat pump.
It will be clear for those skilled in the art that above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is exemplary, and can carry out various modifications and improvement to it without departing from the present invention.For example, can use arbitrarily suitably phase-change material kind, that can be used in storage power.

Claims (93)

1. heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than a scope of a temperature be accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, and said heat energy accumulator comprises:
A kind of structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range separately;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses;
Wherein one or more formula phase change materials hot memories, many storehouses comprise a control system, and this control system regulates the value and the source of the electric power that a plurality of elements of this system or this system consume based on one or more in the following index:
The stability of electrical network;
The available property of electric power;
The cost of electric power;
The carbon intensity of electric power;
Signal from a power grid operation side;
The key degree of a plurality of element operations of this system.
2. heat energy accumulator according to claim 1, wherein this heat energy accumulator be integrated in the intelligent grid and role be on this electrical network as one or more virtual schedulable load, reduce with the realization demand.
3. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim; Wherein these heat energy accumulator electrical equipments can be controlled independently; Thereby close fully for one or more electrical equipments change power sources or with one or more electrical equipments; Wherein action about each electrical equipment is taked, make decision according to following these indexs:
The priority that is exclusively used in a plurality of electrical equipments of pumping heat is confirmed as at first and is closed; And/or
Be exclusively used in from a plurality of external heat sources,, be closed the long time period when a plurality of electrical equipments of heat only are closed the limited time period or need obtain heat if transmit such as but not limited to solar panels and waste water heat recovery system;
Local service is provided, such as but not limited to the space heating and cooling, a plurality of electrical equipments only be closed the limited time period so that keep a predetermined performance level of these local services; And/or
Be used for the time-critical sex service, such as but not limited to hot water, a plurality of electrical equipments will keep the operation.
4. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim, wherein this control system that is used for the power supply of these independent electrical equipments is managed can be:
Automatically; And/or
Centralized or distributed; And/or
Wireless transmission or transmit through power line; And/or
Based on from the local metric of electrical equipment itself; And/or
Based on the central-government policy that is used for an electrical network.
5. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim; Wherein this heat energy accumulator combines with at least one rechargeable battery; This battery is by one or more power source charges, and this or these power supply includes but not limited to the following: photovoltaic device, diesel-driven generator, civil power.
6. heat energy accumulator according to claim 5, wherein this at least one rechargeable battery is enough big so that supply makes this heat energy accumulator and the required electric power of section work of be associated building or building.
7. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim, wherein this heat energy accumulator still can provide whole services when a given electrical network breaks off connection.
8. heat energy accumulator according to claim 5 wherein can not supply to use or during the not enough whole services power supply of thinking this heat energy accumulator, for being optimized for the combination between requisite service power supply and the battery life when external power source.
9. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim, one or more electrical equipments of this heat energy accumulator wherein, the heat pump that includes but not limited to is by powered by direct current.
10. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above any one claim, wherein this heat energy accumulator is equipped with an inverter to produce alternating current, and this inverter can be a combining inverter.
11. heat energy accumulator according to claim 10, wherein this heat energy accumulator with inverter comprises an electrical network cut-off switch.
12. according to claim 9 and 10 described heat energy accumulators, any combination of the following is monitored and is reported in these electrical network support services that wherein provided: the owner of this heat energy accumulator, the user of heat energy accumulator, power grid operation side and/or electric company.
13. according to the described heat energy accumulator of claim 9 to 12, the control electronic device that wherein is used for local generating is integrated among this heat energy accumulator.
14. according in the above claim except that 5,6 and 8 said heat energy accumulator, wherein this heat energy accumulator does not comprise battery but is equipped with circuit and a combining inverter of the local generating of control so that electric power is directly supplied with this electrical network.
15. according in the above claim except that 5,6 and 8 said heat energy accumulator; Wherein this heat energy accumulator does not comprise battery, maybe this electric energy is used to drive one or more heat pumps but be equipped with the circuit of the local generating of control and heat the electric energy of having stored local generation through resistive.
16. according to the described heat energy accumulator of above claim; Wherein this heat energy accumulator receives electric power and the heat energy from the combined hot electric energy an of this locality, and this combined hot electric energy includes but not limited to: one or more fuel cells, a plurality of diesel-driven generator, a plurality of hybrid photovoltaic and thermal energy collecting device and a plurality of solar thermal power generation machine.
17. heat energy accumulator according to claim 16, the heating power of combined hot electric flux generator that wherein should this locality and electric power output are based on, and at least one item in the following regulates:
Local demand to heat;
Local demand to electric power;
The local demand that electric power and heat are combined; Wherein can from the thermal output of this local combined hot electric flux generator, be met, and the part of the electric power of combined hot electric flux generator that should this locality output is used to the resistive heating or drives a plurality of heat pumps to supply the remaining heat of this this locality to heat demand less than the demand of whole this locality to heat;
The storage level of this heat energy accumulator;
The electricity needs of this heat energy accumulator;
The charge level of the battery that in this system, can comprise.
18. a heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than scopes of a temperature accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses,
Wherein two or more storehouses are by fully and/or main and/or partly be enclosed in the given outer storehouse;
Wherein each storehouse comprises the material with different phase transition temperatures;
Wherein this heat energy accumulator comprises two nested storehouses arrangements;
Wherein this first arranges to comprise a plurality of storehouses in being nested in each other; These storehouses have more and more lower phase transition temperature; The minimum storehouse of phase transition temperature is at the center of this nested arrangement; And this second arranges to comprise a plurality of storehouses in being nested in each other, and these storehouses have increasingly high phase transition temperature, and the highest storehouse of phase transition temperature is at the center of this nested arrangement;
Wherein these two nested arrangements are by this given outer storehouse sealing, and the phase transition temperature that this given outer storehouse has is near one or more local environments of sealing this heat energy accumulator.
19. recuperation of heat ventilation equipment, these recuperation of heat ventilation equipment provide the force ventilation that has heat recovery function effect, and these recuperation of heat ventilation equipment comprise:
A kind of heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than a scope of a temperature be accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, and said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each changes mutually all and is associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses; And
Along a plurality of heat exchangers of an adiabatic air duct, this thermal insulation air duct is connected to the storehouse of a plurality of phase change materials, and these materials have more and more lower or increasingly high fusion temperature in each continuous storehouse; Wherein
Hot-fluid between these storehouses, hot memory and this discharge duct is to use mechanism, such as but not limited to a thermal diode or a switchable heat pipe, controls; And
Same group or another group phase change materials storehouse is connected to a plurality of heat exchangers in the adiabatic air duct of one second adverse current; Wherein
A plurality of heat exchangers such as but not limited to a plurality of heat pipes, are based on demand and switchably are controlled at the hot-fluid between the fresh air of a plurality of storehouses and inflow.
20. recuperation of heat ventilation equipment, these recuperation of heat ventilation equipment provide the force ventilation that has heat recovery function effect, and these recuperation of heat ventilation equipment comprise:
heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than a scope of a temperature be accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, and said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Along a plurality of heat exchangers of an adiabatic air duct, this thermal insulation air duct is connected to the storehouse of a plurality of phase change materials, and these materials have more and more lower or increasingly high fusion temperature in each continuous storehouse; Wherein
Hot-fluid between these storehouses, hot memory and this discharge duct is to use mechanism, such as but not limited to a thermal diode or a switchable heat pipe, controls; And
Same group or another group phase change materials storehouse is connected to a plurality of heat exchangers in the adiabatic air duct of one second adverse current; Wherein
A plurality of heat exchangers, such as but not limited to a plurality of heat pipes, the demand that is based on is switchably controlled the hot-fluid between the fresh air of a plurality of storehouses and inflow.
21. like the recuperation of heat ventilation equipment in claim 19 or 20, wherein a plurality of heat pumps such as but not limited to a plurality of thermoelectric devices, are plugged in:
Between heat exchanger in this discharge duct and the phase change materials storehouse that is associated with it; And/or
Each change mutually the storehouse with between its relevant inflow pipe heat exchanger.
22. like claim 19,20 or 21 described recuperation of heat ventilation equipment; Wherein a plurality of heat pumps; Such as but not limited to a plurality of thermoelectric devices; Replacement or strengthened these and be used to control hot-fluid, switchable mechanism between a plurality of storehouses and a plurality of air duct, and at the same time or other the time carry out its major function, this major function be between in a plurality of heat exchangers of a plurality of air ducts and a plurality of storehouse mobile hot in the temperature of rising heat energy.
23. a heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than scopes of a temperature accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses,
Wherein pass said heat energy accumulator, lead to and all be arranged in these storehouses from each these pipelines and/or these pipe fittings and/or these heat pipes in many heating power services, to guarantee each service enough electric power is arranged.
24. heat energy accumulator as claimed in claim 23; Wherein at least two in these a plurality of services share the secondary heat transmission fluid that this hot memory is passed in a circulation; This secondary heat transmits fluid and can walk heat and transmit heats to a plurality of services from a plurality of service bands simultaneously or the difference time via at least one special-purpose heat exchanger for each service, and this special use heat exchanger carries out heat exchange between the secondary heat transmission of service and this fluid.
25. like claim 23 and 24 described heat energy accumulators; Wherein heat of two or more service sharing transmits the loop; This heat transfer circuit simultaneously or in different at least one serves as a secondary heat and transmits the loop in these services, and at least one serves as a main direct heat and transmits the loop in these services.
26., wherein priority is controlled and is set in the supply effect of the main and/or secondary heat transmission of sharing service through at least one that use in the following index like each described heat energy accumulator in the claim 23 to 25:
The expectation that the user is instantaneous and will needing and/or on-demand service is such as but not limited to direct hot water; And/or
From the limited break period of security purpose, such as but not limited to removing heat in the back boiler from a firewood stove; And/or
Based on system or external factor, emptying and power cost such as but not limited to the heat energy accumulator storehouse change priority.
27. a heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than scopes of a temperature accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses,
Wherein have more and more low-melting phase change materials storehouse and get into a building, cool off running water with it along with a series of; And the energy that uses one or more heat pumps in the process of cooling running water, to collect subsequently or is at the same time removed from these storehouses; Some of them or the heat of all removing can heat so that the hot water of this building to be provided the storehouse of a plurality of higher temperatures.
28. a heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than scopes of a temperature accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect; Wherein each connection comprises the one or more devices that are used for heat is delivered to from a cryogenic object high temp objects; Each connection is connected two or more storehouses, wherein heat transmit fluid based in the following index at least one and be directed to a plurality of concrete storehouses:
The temperature in one or more given storehouses is selected preferentially heat to be loaded in any amount of storehouse, and these storehouses have a fusing point under the temperature of transmitting fluid at this heat;
The untapped capacity in a plurality of given storehouses is selected preferential those the most empty storehouses that load.
29. heat energy accumulator as claimed in claim 28 is wherein only worked as thermal source, such as but not limited to the waste water that flows or be in the waste water in the adiabatic good layer-divided box, when being operational, this heat transmits fluid and flows with results and transmit heat.
30. each described heat energy accumulator like claim 28 or 29; Wherein many storehouses in two or more storehouses formula phase change materials be with a plurality of pumps through independently, adiabatic heat transmits fluid circuit and supplies with; When thermal source was in the correct temperature in a given storehouse, the control loop of these pumps only allowed heat to transmit flowing of fluid.
31. like any one described heat energy accumulator in the claim 28 to 30; One of them heat pipe forms a surface; Thermal source flows or is bent to surround or to form a pipeline of heat source stream warp on this surface; Downcomer such as but not limited to waste water; The part or all of wall, wherein this heat pipe is in thermo-contact and/or separates forming the heat pipe in the one or more phase change materials of one or more supplies storehouse at the heat pipe along another some place of its scope and the one or more phase change materials of one or more supplies storehouse, and is equipped with one or more thermal diodes.
32. a heat energy accumulator, said heat energy accumulator can be in more than scopes of a temperature accepted and storage heat energy and/or heat energy is discharged at least one radiator from least one heat energy source, said heat energy accumulator comprises:
The structure in three or more a plurality of thermal energy storage storehouse, each said thermal energy storage storehouse has an operating temperature range;
In these thermal energy storage storehouses at least one or a plurality of thermal energy storage material that comprises, this thermal energy storage material comprise a mixture of a kind of homogenous material or multiple material;
Wherein the said thermal energy storage material at least one storehouse comprises at least some in one or more kinds of thermal energy storage material, at least one absorption of experience and/or the transformation mutually that releases energy under one or more temperature of this thermal energy storage material in the operating temperature range in each storehouse or in one or more sub-temperature ranges;
Wherein each to change mutually all be to be associated with the physics of said thermal energy storage material and/or the variation of chemical characteristic; And
Two or more independent controlled thermal energy transfer connect, and wherein each connection comprises and is used for heat is delivered to one or more devices of a high temp objects from a cryogenic object, and each connection is connected two or more storehouses,
Wherein be used for driving and absorb or heat pump that absorption or other heat energy drive comes out heat from a plurality of cold storehouse pumpings from the heat of high-grade thermal source; And wherein the used heat from this heat pump preferentially is stored in the one or more storehouses in this heat energy accumulator.
33. a combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device and/or radiator equipment:
One of them single storehouse formula or formula phase change materials hot memory, many storehouses are integrated in this thermal energy collecting device and/or the radiator;
Wherein the operating temperature of this integrated thermal energy collecting device is by at least one adjusting in the following:
The selection of phase change materials fusing point;
Amount with the directly integrated phase change materials of this thermal energy collecting device;
Heat transmits flow rate of fluid in this system.
34. combined type heat energy memory as claimed in claim 33 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment; Wherein this thermal energy collecting device is a solar collector; And this heat energy accumulator comprises one or more phase change materials or the storehouse that changes compound mutually; This storehouse has pipe fitting or heat pipe that has or do not have a plurality of fins that a delivery heat transmits fluid, and these fins embed in this heat energy accumulator or contact this heat energy accumulator.
35. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 33 to 34, wherein this heat energy accumulator comprises at least one in the following:
At least a phase change materials compound comprises a kind of conduction reinforcing material, such as but not limited to carbon, or a kind of arrangement of a plurality of interior metal fins;
At least a combination or be coated with a kind of phase change materials or phase change materials compound of selectivity absorbing material, this material is such as but not limited to TiNOX;
At least a phase change materials or phase change materials compound, it is enclosed in by material, such as but not limited to metal or like the flexible material of plastics or rubber, in the thin-walled box of processing.
36. combined type heat energy memory as claimed in claim 33 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment, wherein this thermal energy collecting device is a vacuum tube gatherer, and this vacuum tube gatherer comprises one or more vacuum tubes; Wherein each vacuum tube comprises an outer glass pipe, long and narrow collector plate in inside and heat pipe or combined planar heat pipe, heat is carried to an end of this pipe; Wherein extend through or through at least one phase change materials storehouse from the heat pipe of this gatherer, this heat pipe via heat-exchanger rig and this storehouse at least some the time be in thermo-contact.
37. combined type heat energy memory as claimed in claim 36 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment, wherein this heat pipe or these heat pipes made a kind of mobile heat transmission fluid pass through before or after penetrating or pass this phase change materials; Wherein this heat transmission the mobile of fluid is variable.
38. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 33 to 37, wherein this heat pipe or these heat pipes are by a diode control or switchable.
39. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 35 to 38, these storehouses of one of them many storehouses formula phase change materials system are to raise gradually with fusing point or the order that reduces is gradually arranged along a heat pipe.
40. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 34 to 39, wherein this combination device is based at least one in the following and is placed on different positions and angle to optimize the heat collection:
The fusion temperature of at least a phase change materials in this device;
The time in this year;
The position of the sun.
41. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 33 to 40; Wherein this combination device comprises one group of thermal energy collecting device and heat energy accumulator; Each thermal energy collecting device and heat energy accumulator comprise the pump that at least one shared control logic and heat transmit fluid, and wherein this control logic is optimized heat transmission fluid mobile of whole system through this a plurality of pumps generally based on the current state of this heat energy accumulator and thermal energy collecting device/radiator with to the demand of heat.
42. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 33 to 41, wherein this combination device has merged one or more thermoelectric devices, this thermoelectric device:
, the temperature in the heat pipe produces when surpassing the temperature at least one given phase change materials storehouse; Or
Other the time play heat pump work in order to heating a given storehouse, if the temperature in heat pipe at that time is being lower than the temperature in said storehouse.
43. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 34 to 42; Wherein this solar energy hot plate has merged the photovoltaic material that one deck at least can produce electric energy; This photovoltaic material is bonded to or this thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment or form the part of this thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment, preferably covers these thermal elements.
44. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 34 to 44; Wherein this solar energy hot plate has merged one deck photovoltaic material at least; At least one deck photovoltaic material is to be integrated in one deck cover glass or replacement one deck cover glass or cover on the cover glass or be positioned at a hyaline layer under the cover glass, and said hyaline layer preferably is positioned on these thermal elements and is spaced from a hole.
45. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 43 and 44; Wherein one deck photovoltaic material has the complementary or partly overlapping solar spectral absorption region with the solar spectral absorption region of the thermal element of at least one lower floor at least; This thermal element comprises at least a phase change materials and has applied and has selective absorber; Such as but not limited to TiNOX, a kind of compound or be blended in this compound.
46. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 43 to 45, wherein two-layer at least photovoltaic material has that replenish each other or partly overlapping solar spectral absorption region.
47. combined type heat energy memory as claimed in claim 33 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment, wherein this heat energy radiator is at least one ceiling patch block or conventional radiator.
48. combined type heat energy memory as claimed in claim 47 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment; The a plurality of thermal energy collecting device/radiators that wherein comprise the phase change materials with different fusion temperatures have formed a distributed heat memory, and these thermal energy collecting device/radiators are by a plurality of switchable heat pipes or a plurality of diode and the control of a plurality of heat pump.
49. like any one described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment in the claim 47 and 48; Wherein this combination device comprises a ceiling panel; This ceiling panel comprises the phase change materials storehouse of at least two thermal insulation; In these at least two storehouses one has a fusion temperature under preferred ambient temperature, and another in these at least two storehouses has a fusion temperature on preferred ambient temperature, and a plurality of inner fin or conduction reinforcing material allow to flow or from its outflow to a flat-plate heat pipe; Wherein this flat-plate heat pipe also forms the basal surface of this ceiling patch block, wherein:
This heat pipe comprises that a switching mechanism flows out in these two storehouses and environment and from these two storehouses and environment to allow heat at least at least; And
Be plugged at least one heat pump between at least two storehouses, heat is moved to the storehouse of one or more high temperature from the storehouse of this or these low temperature.
50. the combined type heat energy memory described in claim 47 to 49 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment; This combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment provide meticulous Region control through the human body tracking technology; Active Badge such as but not limited to individual mobile phone is connected with local bluetooth, wherein by system a plurality of individual preference is responded independently or averages so that environment temperature control targetedly to be provided.
51. the combined type heat energy memory described in claim 47 to 50 and thermal energy collecting device/radiator equipment, wherein at least one adiabatic storehouse is connected on the heat spreader through a thermoelectric device.
52. phase change materials and heat transmit fluid (PCM-HTF) heat transmission equipment; Wherein this PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment is constructed at first and/or is designed to and/or is optimised for; Transmit that fluid (gas-HTF) heat exchanger works and/or, be preferably a fin heat exchange of heat pipe or an automobile radiator as gas heat nearly based on the design of transmitting fluid heat exchanger in the prior art for a gas heat; And wherein; In at least one space or passage in this gas HTF heat exchanger; Phase change materials or PCM compound replace gas to fill said space or passage; And wherein the previous externally environment of gas with all sealed by all passages of flowing through between the space of phase change materials filling or the passage now; Preferably, make that it can not flow out when phase change materials is liquid, and the exchange of the steam between this phase change materials and external environment condition and other trace gas is controlled through whole heat exchanger being sealed in the shell.
53. phase change materials as claimed in claim 52 and heat transmit fluid (PCM-HTF) heat transmission equipment, at least one pipe that wherein delivers heat transmission fluid is replaced by a heat pipe.
54. like claim 52 or 53 described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipments; Wherein this heat exchanger is divided into two or more locellus internally by heat-insulating material, and wherein each locellus comprises a kind of different phase change materials or the phase change materials compound with different fusion temperatures; Wherein with respect to the arrangement of a plurality of pipelines, pipe fitting or heat pipe, the arrangement of said locellus has preferably been guaranteed in pipeline or pipe fitting or the HTF on a plurality of continuous positions of a heat pipe flows has passed these and has had strict the increase or the locellus of the strict fusion temperature order that reduces.
55. PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment as claimed in claim 54, wherein the phase change materials of different fusion temperatures or phase change materials compound through the volume that replaces one or more fins and/or phase change materials compound with heat-insulating material by thermal isolation.
56. like claim 54 or 55 described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipments; Wherein these heat pipes and/or pipe fitting are equipped with heat pipe arranging handover or diode arrangement or adiabatic pipeline section, flow to colder phase change materials locellus from hot phase change materials locellus uncontrollably to prevent heat.
57., wherein in same heat exchanger, exist two or more independently loop (ports) like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 54 to 56 [WA-WC]; Wherein each port is made up of the one or more pipe fitting/pipelines that are connected to one or more external service or one or more heat pipes; And the tubes/conduits part of the port that one of them is given and/or the quantity of heat pipe and cross the number of times of heat exchanger and that be associated, flat or non-flat pipe fitting/pipeline and/or the size or the capacity of heat pipe are the demands that depends on these services that are associated with said given port are such as but not limited to its power.
58. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 54 to 57; Wherein cross being evenly spaced apart of this heat exchanger more than a port, make average distance between the center of for a given port these pipe fittings or heat pipe on all directions near equating.
59. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 33 to 58, it is a kind of two-phase fluid that wherein at least a heat transmits fluid.
60. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 33 to 58, it is a kind of cold-producing medium that wherein at least a heat transmits fluid.
61. like claim 59 or 60 described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipments, the heat that wherein is used for delivery heat between PCM-HTF heat exchanger and one or more service heat exchangers transmits fluid plays a part a heat pump between a given storehouse and one or more other storehouse in identical or in the time of other working fluid.
62. PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment as claimed in claim 61; The heat pump compressor that wherein is associated with a given storehouse plays substituting responsibility: in the time of when the heat pumping of not arriving said given storehouse or from the heat pumping in said given storehouse, transmit the circulating pump of fluid as heat in the said given storehouse; And wherein shunt or open or otherwise regulate these expansion valves simultaneously, to prevent the behavior of pumps hot amount.
63. a structure phase change materials as claimed in claim 52 and heat transmit the method for fluid (PCM-HTF) heat transmission equipment, this phase change materials that wherein is in liquid state is toppled in the void space of a gas HTF heat exchanger into via a hole; Preferably said liquid phase transition material is toppled over into the partially enclosed fin heat exchange of heat pipe from a border, and the institute of filling between a plurality of fins through gravity has living space.
64. like the described method that is used to construct the PCM-HTF heat exchanger of claim 63, wherein this liquid phase transition material has a down dip at vacuum or condition of negative pressure and pours this shell into.
65. method that is used to construct PCM-HTF heat exchanger as claimed in claim 52; Wherein liquid phase transition material or liquid or semiliquid phase change materials compound are placed in the alternate sequence of a multilayer between a plurality of fins of a fin heat exchange of heat pipe, perhaps in these pipe fitting placed around of a pipe heat exchanger in a multilayer sequence; And wherein said phase change materials in each layer or compound are used with the quantity or the pattern of accurate measurement; And said phase change materials/compound use each the layer between be compacted; Said compaction actions in one of them fin heat exchange of heat pipe was preferably carried out before using next fin; And wherein compaction actions described in the pipe heat exchanger preferably through a plate that is equipped with a kind of given porous design carry out with allow this plate on these pipe fittings, or alternately between these pipe fittings, slide, after each compaction actions, extract said plate out.
66. method that is used to construct PCM-HTF heat exchanger as claimed in claim 52; Wherein a kind of solid phase change materials or phase change materials compound piece are cast, form or get out a kind of given sectional hole patterns, and use the fin or the pipe fitting of a fin pipe or pipe heat exchanger to promote successively to put in place it.
67. like any one described method that is used to construct the PCM-HTF heat exchanger in the claim 63 to 66; Wherein these pipe fittings are especially with the preparation of heat radiation fat and/or graphite and/or have a kind of pattern of a plurality of little vertical fins, so that the suitable thermo-contact with this phase change materials to be provided after pipe fitting expands.
68. one kind is used for transmitting the PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment that transmits heat between the fluid in phase change materials storehouse and heat, this PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment comprises:
A lagging casing; This shell comprises multilayer phase change materials or phase change materials compound alternately or is in the matrix of a plurality of fins or the phase change materials/compound in the honeycomb, and these fins are by processing such as but not limited to metal or graphite or conductive plastics; And
Heat exchanger formation or moulding is by processing such as but not limited to the material of copper, aluminium or steel, plastics or metallized film; Wherein
Said material be through such as but not limited to a kind of applied as thin films to or vapour deposition to a mould on or directly use or deposit on one deck solid phase change materials/compound, compacting, punching press or molded said material and moulding or form; Wherein
The heat exchanger of these formation be formed provide discrete, branch or unbranched, independently or that link to each other, a network or a plurality of network that intersect or Uncrossed passage, with deliver one or more independently heat transmit fluid.
69. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 68, wherein one deck heat exchanger comprises two heat exchangers attached back-to-back, that be inserted with a flat board at least, these heat exchangers have been set up separate channels on each side of this flat board.
70. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in claim 68 or 69, wherein a plurality of different heat exchange layers or the passage of this equipment provide different services.
71., wherein the heat exchanger applications of these formation is used identical channel pattern and preformed phase change materials or phase change materials composite layer in a kind of like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 68 to 70.
72. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 68 to 71; Wherein the thickness that transmits at least one heat on the flow direction of fluid of this phase change materials layer reduces, so as when discharge for contacted all phase change materials of the heat exchanger channel of a given series simultaneously or be close to and side by side provide hear rate to act on to the greatest extent.
73. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 68 to 72, this network of a plurality of passages or these networks form a plurality of patterns on some kinds of scales, these patterns such as but not limited to:
The sinusoidal wave displacement of long wavelength on one dimension, two dimension or three-dimensional; And/or
Be generally parallel to a plurality of dark narrow groove indentation that this flow direction extends in this phase change materials or the phase change materials composite layer; And/or
Pattern on a small scale, such as but not limited to: helical, rectilinear, herringbone, that intersect, pseudorandom or aperiodic pattern a plurality of ridges, projection, fin or groove.
74. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 52 to 73, wherein at least one to change composite layer mutually be to construct through the shape that the expansion native graphite by a selected density forms said layer; Wherein said formation step comprise such as but not limited to: one of machining has the preformed slab of the expansion native graphite of said density; Perhaps in the process of making the expansion native graphite, use the press of a moulding and the expansion native graphite is formed correct shape and density in advance, perhaps original position is compressed low-density expansion native graphite in the process of this heat exchanger of structure; And wherein, before the structure, during or afterwards, phase change materials is infiltrated in the gap in this expansion native graphite.
75., wherein magneto-caloric material is integrated in this heat exchanger one of in the following manner like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 52 to 74:
At least one changes composite layer mutually and comprises the phase change materials that is mixed with a kind of heat conduction reinforcing agent and a kind of magneto-caloric material; And/or
Be attached to the magneto-caloric material of at least one heat exchanger;
The wherein motion through the control magnet or apply magnetic field and heat is pumped into each storehouse or comes out from each storehouse pumping.
76. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 52 to 75; Wherein this heat exchanger comprises one or more void spaces, and these one or more void spaces are at a side of this hierarchy or pipe fitting group or plurality of side place and be equipped with a plurality of holes, a plurality of slot or other are arranged to allow heat to transmit fluid mobile between this space of this heat transmission equipment and these passages and the pipe fitting.
77. like the described heat transmission equipment of claim 52 to 75, wherein these passages in this heat exchanger are configured to a bionical network; Wherein
Outer tube with given diameter directly extends to one or more sustainer passages with same diameter; And
Each arterial channel gets into the more depths of this PCM compound along with it and reduces gradually dimensionally; Wherein
Each arterial channel branches to minimum diameter in a series of branch step; Wherein
The passage of these minimum diameters is bonded together forming increasing passage gradually, and final formation from this PCM or PCM compound withdraws from and arrive one or more vena cava passages of a pipe connections.
78. like the described heat transmission equipment of claim 77, wherein these passages occupy a predetermined portions of the volume of this phase change materials.
79. like any one described heat transmission equipment in the claim 77 and 78; Wherein the network of these passages is placed as the distance that makes between these passages along with the distance along this passage apart from this arterial end increases and reduces, so as when discharge for contacted all phase change materials of the heat exchanger channel of a given series simultaneously or be close to and side by side provide hear rate to act on to the greatest extent.
80. like any one described heat transmission equipment in the claim 77 to 79; Wherein the network of these passages is placed as and makes along a passage apart from set point place that gives set a distance of this arterial end, and the vertical range from the heat exchange surface of this passage to this phase change materials/compound generally equals along this of this given channel network same or any one other passage in this vertical range at any other set point place of same distance; And said vertical range is under the predetermined threshold value.
81. like any one described heat transmission equipment in the claim 77 to 80; Wherein have about equally density and isotropism more than a channel network; Perhaps these channel networks are arranged to a density ratio, this density than with use each channel network each to serve desired relative power relevant.
82. like any one described heat transmission equipment in the claim 77 to 81; Wherein a plurality of small-scale patterns are applied to the heat exchange surface of these passages, these on a small scale patterns such as but not limited to helical, rectilinear, herringbone, that intersect, pseudorandom or aperiodic pattern a plurality of ridges, projection, fin or groove.
83., comprising like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 68 to 76:
A PCM-HTF heat exchanger surrounds an air HTF fin heat exchange of heat pipe, in the front or the back of this air HTF fin heat exchange of heat pipe a fan is installed; Wherein
At least one pipe fitting has formed continuous path, and the PCM fill area and the fills with air district of this heat exchanger alternately run through in this path.
84. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 83, wherein this PCM-HTF heat exchanger zones constitutes by surpassing one deck phase change materials, this layer phase change materials has the melting temperature that reduces or increase along air-flow direction.
85. as above any one claim described combined type heat energy memory and thermal energy collecting device/heating element equipment; Wherein this heat energy accumulator has been controlled from a thermal source; Such as but not limited to solar panel, heat transmit flow rate of fluid and circulating path;
Be input to the external energy of this thermal source through measurement,, perhaps measure the temperature of this thermal source such as but not limited to the solar energy of radiation on this thermal source; And
This heat is transmitted fluid with controlled rates one or more selected PCM storehouses of leading.
86., wherein come to measure indirectly irradiation level in the heat transmission fluid and the heat transmission flow rate of fluid at the exit point place of this thermal source through measurement like the described thermal energy storage equipment of claim 85.
87. like any one described thermal energy storage equipment in the claim 85 and 86; Wherein this heat transmission flow rate of fluid and/or circulating path are selected as and make this heat transmission fluid turn back to this thermal source with a temperature, and this temperature is selected as the thermodynamic efficiency that strengthens this thermal source.
88. like any one described thermal energy storage equipment in the claim 85 to 87, wherein this thermal source comprises a plurality of adiabatic sections; Wherein this heat passes a plurality of sections of this thermal source with transmitting fluid sequence; Wherein this heat transmits fluid and is applied to the heat increase sequentially through a plurality of adiabatic sections on each section.
89. like the described thermal energy storage equipment of claim 85 to 88, wherein this thermal source is a solar energy source.
90. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 52 to 89; Wherein the distribution around a pipe fitting or equivalent of phase change materials or phase change materials compound is not held constant: wherein this distribution is designed to guarantee; When discharge, this PCM exhausts constantly roughly along the specific heat of whole pipe fitting and exhausts constantly identical with a part or most specific heat along this pipe fitting; Wherein the geometry of this PCM-HTF heat exchanger does, the amount of the PCM that each section feasible and along this pipe fitting is associated is that the basis power relevant with this section is adjusted.
91. like the described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment of claim 90; Wherein being distributed as towards a given pipe fitting or equivalent of phase change materials reduced gradually; The pipe fitting or the equivalent that transmit at this heat near the inlet of fluid are associated with more a large amount of PCM, are associated with PCM than a small amount of towards the terminal point in the path of this pipe fitting that passes this PCM or equivalent.
92. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 90 and 91, wherein the distribution of phase change materials or phase change materials compound is also depended on:
Heat must be advanced and passed the distance of this PCM, PCM compound or fin in this system; And/or
The latent heat of the specific heat of any fin, heat conduction hardening agent or PCM and the element of this system.
93. like any one described PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment in the claim 89 to 91, wherein this PCM-HTF heat transmission equipment comprises the one or more passages that formed by the following:
A plurality of pipe fittings or equivalent; These pipe fittings or equivalent are in a kind of spiral arrangement that shows as on the cross section outside a center pipe fitting screw; Extend on the opposite direction of the previous pipe fitting of each Guan Zaiyu that replaces; Spacing between a plurality of pipe fittings on this spiral increases with the logarithm mode along spiral path, and this heat transmits fluid and begins and end at this center pipe fitting from outermost pipe fitting; And/or
The several rows pipe fitting, wherein the vertical interval between a plurality of continuous row on the flow direction of this heat transmission fluid constantly reduces, and wherein each continuous row comprises the nearer more a plurality of pipe fittings of each interval; Wherein each pipe fitting that replaces extends in opposite direction; And/or
A plurality of thick-layers of PCM or PCM compound, these thick-layers have a plurality of passages that confession HTF moves to a plurality of thin layers of PCM or PCM compound, and these PCM or PCM compound thin layer have the passage of a plurality of tight spacings on the flow direction of heat transmission fluid; And/or
A water tank of filling Metal Ball or baton round; This water tank has encapsulated the PCM that arranges with the multilayer mode; Wherein bigger ball is in the bottom of this water tank, and its size reduces in the pantostrat that makes progress along water tank gradually, and water flows into from the bottom and flows out from the top in this water tank.
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