CN102694040A - 光伏打模块 - Google Patents

光伏打模块 Download PDF

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CN102694040A
CN102694040A CN2011101200675A CN201110120067A CN102694040A CN 102694040 A CN102694040 A CN 102694040A CN 2011101200675 A CN2011101200675 A CN 2011101200675A CN 201110120067 A CN201110120067 A CN 201110120067A CN 102694040 A CN102694040 A CN 102694040A
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layer
photovoltaic module
solar cell
polypropylene layer
polypropylene
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郑有生
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Du Pont Apollo Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种光伏打模块。该光伏打模块包含太阳能电池、聚丙烯层以及背层。太阳能电池用以将光转换为电能,且具有入光面及背表面。聚丙烯层配置在太阳能电池的入光面上。聚丙烯层的透明度高于50%。背层配置在太阳能电池的背表面的下方。

Description

光伏打模块
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种光伏打模块。
背景技术
光伏打电池(photovoltaic cell),又称为太阳能电池(solar cell),是将光转换为电能的装置。相较于其它传统能源,太阳能电池具有许多优点。例如,不需要石化燃料,且在产生电能过程中,不会制造污染。
通常,太阳能模块配置在户外以吸收光线。太阳能模块机械性地支撑其中的太阳能电池,且保护太阳能电池免于受环境影响而劣化。太阳能模块通常包含刚性且透明的一个保护前板(例如玻璃)以及一个后板或背层。前板及背层将太阳能电池封装起来,并因此保护太阳能电池免受环境影响而劣化。然而,太阳能工业的目标是开发使用寿命长达数十年(例如,20年)的太阳能模块。因此,背层必须能够抵抗湿度、温度及紫外线辐射所导致的劣化。人们开发出诸如TEFLONTM与TEFZELTM的含氟材料以达成上述的目的,但上述两种含氟材料通常价格昂贵。
然而,在一些应用中,太阳能模块并不是在严酷的环境下运作。例如,应用在消费性电子产品的太阳能模块,通常在室内操作,且并不需要长达20年的使用寿命。在这些应用中,太阳能电池的封装机构或材料需要的是重量轻、尺寸小以及商业上可接受的价格。因此,目前亟需一种改良的太阳能模块,期能满足上述需求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光伏打模块。该光伏打模块包含太阳能电池、聚丙烯层以及背层。太阳能电池用以将光转换为电能,且包含入光面以及背表面。聚丙烯层配置在太阳能电池的入光面上。聚丙烯层在波长范围为约380nm至约780nm间具有透明度为大于50%。背层配置在太阳能电池的背表面的下方。
根据本发明一实施方式,聚丙烯层包含双轴配向的聚丙烯层。
根据本发明一实施方式,聚丙烯层包含无延伸聚丙烯层。
根据本发明一实施方式,聚丙烯层接触入光面。
根据本发明一实施方式,所述的光伏打模块可还包含第一热熔胶层配置在聚丙烯层与太阳能电池之间。
根据本发明一实施方式,第一热熔胶层包含乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
根据本发明一实施方式,所述的光伏打模块可还包含水气阻隔层配置在聚丙烯层上。
根据本发明一实施方式,水气阻隔层包含聚偏二氯乙烯。
根据本发明一实施方式,所述的光伏打模块可还包含氧气阻隔层配置在聚丙烯层上。在一实施例中,氧气阻隔层包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
根据本发明一实施方式,所述的光伏打模块可还包含无机层配置在聚丙烯层上。在一实施例中,无机层包含无机氧化物或无机氮化物。在其它实施例中,无机层包含氧化硅、氮化硅、氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化锡或氧化镁。
附图说明
图1表示本发明一实施方式的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图2表示本发明一实施例的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图3表示本发明另一实施例的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图4表示本发明另一实施方式的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图5表示本发明再一实施方式的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图6表示本发明又一实施方式的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
图7表示本发明又一实施方式的光伏打模块的的剖面示意图。
【主要组件符号说明】
100、200、300、400、500光伏打模块
110太阳能电池
111入光面
112背表面
120聚丙烯层
130背层
140第一热熔胶层
150密封层
160氧气阻隔层
170水气阻隔层
180无机层
210、220结构
具体实施方式
为了使本发明内容的叙述更加详尽与完备,下文针对了本发明的实施方式与具体实施例提出了说明性的描述;但这并非实施或运用本发明具体实施例的唯一形式。以下所公开的各实施例,在有益的情形下可相互组合或取代,也可在一实施例中附加其它的实施例,而无须进一步的记载或说明。
在以下描述中,将详细叙述许多特定细节以使读者能够充分理解以下的实施例。然而,可在无此等特定细节的情况下实践本发明的实施例。在其它情况下,为简化图式,熟知的结构与装置仅示意性地表示于图中。
图1表示根据本发明一实施方式的光伏打模块100的剖面示意图。如图1所示,光伏打模块100包括太阳能电池110、聚丙烯层120以及背层130。
太阳能电池110可用以将光转换为电能,且太阳能电池110具有入光面111以及背表面112。光可穿透入光面111而传递至太阳能电池110,并被太阳能电池110吸收。当太阳能电池110吸收光线时,太阳能电池110内将产生电子-空穴对,然后电子-空穴对被太阳能电池110中的内建电场分离,因此产生电流。
太阳能电池110的种类并无特殊限制,只要其可将光线转换为电能。太阳能电池110可以是一种可挠性的太阳能电池,其形成在诸如聚酰亚胺(polyimide)或不锈钢的可挠性基材上;或者太阳能电池110可以是一种硬质的太阳能电池,其形成在诸如玻璃的硬质基材上。在一实施例中,太阳能电池110可为薄膜太阳能电池。在其它实施例中,太阳能电池110可为形成在硅基材上的单晶太阳能电池或是多晶太阳能电池。为了增进太阳能电池110的光电转换效率(photoelectric conversion efficiency),太阳能电池110的入光面111上可形成有棱锥状的结构或纹理,其为本领域所熟知。在一些实施例中,太阳能电池110包含非晶硅,且具有p-i-n结构,此种p-i-n结构是由p型半导体(p-type semiconductor)、本征型半导体(intrinsicsemiconductor)及n型半导体(n-type semiconductor)堆栈组成(未示出)。在其它实施例中,太阳能电池110可包含砷化镓(GaAs)、铜铟镓硒(CIGS)、或碲化镉(CdTe).
聚丙烯层120配置在太阳能电池110的入光面111上方。聚丙烯层120用以保护太阳能电池110,避免太阳能电池110受损坏,并可进一步防止水气或雾气渗透进入太阳能电池110内。为了使光伏打模块100可吸收光线,聚丙烯层120是透明的,且在波长范围为约380nm至约780nm间具有透明度为高于约50%。在一实施例中,聚丙烯层120可为双轴配向的聚丙烯(bi-axialoriented polypropylene,BOPP)。双轴配向的聚丙烯对于氧气及水气的渗透性很低,因此得以减少渗透进入太阳能电池110的水气及氧气。再者,BOPP具有很高的张力强度,因此可提供足够的机械强度以保护太阳能电池110。在另一实施例中,聚丙烯层120为一种无延伸聚丙烯(cast polypropylene,CPP)。CPP具有比BOPP更高的撕裂强度,因此可适用在一些应用上。在一些实施例中,聚丙烯层120可为多层结构,例如可包含一层BOPP以及一层CPP。请注意,在此揭露的聚丙烯层120可适用在可挠性太阳能电池以及硬质太阳能电池中。
在一实施例中,聚丙烯层120接触入光面111。因为聚丙烯层为一种热塑性高分子材料,且其熔点约为190℃,因此可藉由对聚丙烯层120施加高温或热,而使聚丙烯层120贴附在太阳能电池110上。在一实施例中,聚丙烯层120的厚度为约1μm至约200μm,更明确地说为约50μm至约100μm.。在一些实施例中,聚丙烯层120具有纹理结构(未示出),此纹理结构可形成在聚丙烯层120与太阳能电池110之间的接口,或是形成在聚丙烯层120的外侧表面。
在其它实施例中,如第2图所示,光伏打模块100可还包含第一热熔胶层140配置在聚丙烯层120与太阳能电池110之间。例如,第一热熔胶层140可包含熔点为约120℃的乙烯-丙烯共聚物。第一热熔胶层140可预先形成在聚丙烯层120上,然后再将聚丙烯层120以及第一热熔胶层140在一起贴附在太阳能电池110上。在此实施方式中,第一热熔胶层140接触太阳能电池110。第一热熔胶层140可具有比聚丙烯更低熔点。因此,贴附聚丙烯层120所须的温度可被降低。
背层130配置在太阳能电池110的背表面112下方。背层130可由陶瓷、玻璃、高分子材料或诸如铝及不锈钢等金属所制成。
在一实施方式中,背层130由热塑性高分子材料所制成,且可直接黏贴在太阳能电池110的背表面112上。在此实施方式中,整个光伏打模块100可藉由热塑性高分子材料的背层130而进一步地黏贴在另一物件上(未示出)。背层130的厚度可例如为约1μm至约200μm,更具体而言,可例如为约100μm至约200μm。背层130的材料或组成可相同于或不同于聚丙烯层120。
在另一实施方式中,背层130可由陶瓷、玻璃、铝或不锈钢所制成。在这些实施方式中,光伏打模块可还包含密封层150配置在太阳能电池110与背层130之间,如图3所示。太阳能电池110可藉由密封层150而黏贴至背层130上。例如,密封层150可为热熔胶层或是包含诸如丙烯酸压感高分子(acrylicpressure sensitive polymer)或苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(styrene block copolymer)的压感黏合层(pressure sensitive adhesive layer)。
图4表示根据本发明另一实施方式的光伏打模块200的剖面示意图。如第4图所示,光伏打模块200包含结构210、氧气阻隔层160以及水气阻隔层170。结构210大致与图1表示的光伏打模块100相同,其包含太阳能电池110、聚丙烯层120以及背层130。氧气阻隔层160及水气阻隔层170依序配置在聚丙烯层120上,其中氧气阻隔层160接触聚丙烯层120。在一实施例中,氧气阻隔层160可由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer)所制成,且水气阻隔层170可为一聚偏二氯乙烯层(polyvinyldichloride layer)。在一些实施例中,氧气阻隔层160及水气阻隔层170的厚度分别为约10μm至约100μm以及为约10μm至约100μm.
图5表示根据本发明另一实施方式的光伏打模块300的剖面示意图。如图5所示,光伏打模块300包含水气阻隔层170、氧气阻隔层160以及结构210。结构210大致与图1表示的光伏打模块100相同。在此实施方式中,氧气阻隔层160配置在光伏打模块300的最外侧,而水气阻隔层170是配置在聚丙烯层120上。在此实施方式中,氧气阻隔层160及水气阻隔层170可与图4的光伏打模块200的叙述内容相同。
图6表示根据本发明再一实施方式的光伏打模块400的剖面示意图。光伏打模块400包含无机层180以及结构210。结构210大致与图1表示的光伏打模块100相同。在此实施方式中,无机层180配置在聚丙烯层120上,且位于光伏打模块400的最外侧。无机层180可提供光线散射的功能,同时也可作为氧气及水气的阻抗层。在一实施例中,无机层180可包含无机氧化物,例如氧化硅(SiO2)、氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化锡或氧化镁,且其厚度可例如为约20nm至约500nm。在其它实施例中,无机层180可包含无机氮化物,例如为氮化硅(Si3N4)。
图7表示根据本发明又一实施方式的光伏打模块500的剖面示意图。如图7所示,光伏打模块500包含无机层180以及结构220。结构220大致与第5图表示的光伏打模块300相同,其包含太阳能电池110、聚丙烯层120、背层130、氧气阻隔层160以及水气阻隔层170。在此实施方式中,无机层180配置在氧气阻隔层160上,且位于光伏打模块400的最外侧表面。无机层180可提供光线散射的功能,同时也可作为氧气及水气的阻抗层。无机层180的特征可与上述的实施方式相同。
虽然本发明已以实施方式公开如上,然而其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当以后附的权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏打模块,包含:
太阳能电池,用以将光转换为电能,且所述太阳能电池包含入光面以及背表面;
聚丙烯层,配置在所述太阳能电池的所述入光面上方,其中所述聚丙烯层在波长范围为约380nm至约780nm间具有透明度为大于50%;以及
背层,配置在所述太阳能电池的所述背表面的下方。
2.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,其中所述聚丙烯层包含双轴配向的聚丙烯层。
3.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,其中所述聚丙烯层包含无延伸聚丙烯层。
4.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,其中所述聚丙烯层接触所述入光面。
5.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,还包含第一热熔胶层配置在所述聚丙烯层与所述太阳能电池之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的光伏打模块,其中所述第一热熔胶层包含乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
7.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,还包含水气阻隔层配置在所述聚丙烯层上。
8.如权利要求7所述的光伏打模块,其中所述水气阻隔层包含聚偏二氯乙烯。
9.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,还包含氧气阻隔层配置在所述聚丙烯层上,其中所述氧气阻隔层包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
10.如权利要求1所述的光伏打模块,还包含无机层配置在所述聚丙烯层上,其中所述无机层包含氧化硅、氮化硅、氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化锡或氧化镁。
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