CN102690920A - Iron ore reducing agent, iron ore mixture and method for reducing iron ore - Google Patents
Iron ore reducing agent, iron ore mixture and method for reducing iron ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN102690920A CN102690920A CN 201110074283 CN201110074283A CN102690920A CN 102690920 A CN102690920 A CN 102690920A CN 201110074283 CN201110074283 CN 201110074283 CN 201110074283 A CN201110074283 A CN 201110074283A CN 102690920 A CN102690920 A CN 102690920A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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Abstract
The invention relates to an iron ore reducing agent which comprises 8-35 parts by weight of amorphous carbon, and 4-35 parts by weight of calcium oxide. The invention also relates to an iron ore mixture and a method for reducing iron ore.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to a kind of reduction of iron ore agent, comprises the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and the quicklime of 4-35 weight part.The method that the application also relates to the iron ore mixture that comprises this reduction of iron ore agent and uses this reduction of iron ore agent reducing iron ore.
Background technology
Generally speaking; According to the kind of iron-bearing mineral, the mixed ore that iron ore is divided into magnetic iron ore, rhombohedral iron ore stone, illusion or half martite stone, v-ti magnetite ore, limonite ore, siderite and is made up of two or more iron-bearing mineral wherein.Also can iron ore be divided into high sulfide pyrite stone, low sulphur iron ore, high-phosphorus iron ore, low phosphor iron ore etc. according to impurity.
Generally speaking, people hope to use iron level height and the little iron ore ironmaking of foreign matter content.But, for the favourable impurity that contains in the iron ore, titanium for example, people hope that then its content is higher.For example, red nickel minerals is a type of nickel ore deposit, is nickeliferous rock mass weathering product; Be distributed in the face of land, ore is a soil Red earth shape, and nickel wherein is nickel oxide; Granularity is superfine to be adsorbed on the loess, can not its enrichment will be utilized and will handle in the total rock ore deposit with traditional beneficiation method.Thereby how much it is nickeliferous is the development and use most important condition.Indonesia and Filipine red soil nickel ore resource are very abundant, and in the last few years, the many units of China carried out in this ore deposit of import small furnace smelting method and get its ferronickel, are used for the additional raw material of smelting stainless steel.But desired red soil nickel ore all selects its grade nickel content >=1.7%, and the few people that are lower than this value bother about.
Same, for ilmenite, generally use the ore of TiO2 content as 47-52%.And be 8～15% titanomagnetite for TiO2 content, if with it as the iron ore utilization, the TiO2 too high levels, ironmaking enterprise can't accept.Produce artificial rutile, white titanium valve, reduced ilmenite, titanium slag are all inapplicable, and therefore, this type resource is difficult to utilize.Indonesia island country abounds with this low titanium content titanomagnetite, because of there not being suitable flotation and metallurgy method, so that this resource never obtains development and use.
In addition, some iron ore is inappropriate for ironmaking, and for example specularite is a kind of rhombohedral iron ore, and it is a flaky texture, and the utmost point is unfavorable for sintering, pelletizing, agglomeration, so whole world system for blast furnace ironmaking one is to not utilizing specularite to be used for blast furnace ironmaking separately.
Current China output of steel surpasses 500,000,000 tons, yet required iron ore leans on import to support more than 52%, and the iron ore price rises steadily, and the iron ore deposit shortage is badly in need of enlarging the iron ore deposit channel, and is required to replenish China iron ore market.Therefore, if can effectively utilize above-mentioned still unserviceable iron ore, will produce huge economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The application develops effective reductive agent to the iron ore that can't effectively utilize in these prior aries, and utilizes non-blast furnace smelting method to obtain iron and corresponding titanium or nickel.
The application relates to a kind of reduction of iron ore agent, and it comprises the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and the quicklime of 4-35 weight part.
The application also relates to the iron ore mixture that comprises this reduction of iron ore agent, and relates to the method for reducing iron ore.
Particularly, the application relates to following technical scheme:
1. 1 kinds of reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme, it comprises the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and the quicklime of 4-35 weight part.
2. the reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
3. the reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
4. the reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
5. each reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1-4, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
6. each reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1-5, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
7. each reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1-6, wherein the granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
8. each reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1-7, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
9. the reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 8, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
10. each reduction of iron ore agent of technical scheme 1-9, wherein said reduction of iron ore agent is made up of hard coal and lime.
11. an iron ore mixture comprises the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part.
12. the iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
13. the iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
14. the iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
15. each iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11-14, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, and preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
16. each iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11-15, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, and the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
17. each iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11-16, wherein the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
18. each iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11-17, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
19. the iron ore mixture of technical scheme 18, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
20. each iron ore mixture of technical scheme 11-19, wherein said iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
21. the method for a reducing iron ore may further comprise the steps:
Mixing step: mix the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part obtains the iron ore mixture; With
Reactions step:, react above-mentioned iron ore mixture 1100-1450 ℃ temperature.
22. the method for technical scheme 21, the temperature of wherein said reactions step is 1180-1300 ℃, is preferably 1200-1300 ℃.
23. the method for technical scheme 21 or 22, wherein said reactions step were carried out 30-120 minute, were preferably 80-110 minute.
24. each method of technical scheme 21-23, wherein said reactions step is carried out in reducing atmosphere.
25. each method of technical scheme 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
26. each method of technical scheme 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
27. each method of technical scheme 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
28. each method of technical scheme 21-24, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, and preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
29. each method of technical scheme 21-28, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, and the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
30. each method of technical scheme 21-29, wherein the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
31. each method of technical scheme 21-30, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
32. the method for technical scheme 31, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
33. each method of technical scheme 21-32, wherein said method also was included in 200～1100 ℃ temperature between mixing step and reactions step, with pre-heated 2～5 hours.
34. each method of technical scheme 21-33 is wherein carried out said reactions step in the equipment that is selected from rotary hearth furnace, rotary kiln, tunnel and rolling tunnel kiln.
35. each method of technical scheme 21-34, wherein said iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
36. each method of technical scheme 21-35, wherein said reactions step is carried out at environmental stress.
Embodiment
Term definition
The application has used some terms, and it will have following implication.
Decolorizing carbon: be meant pure amorphous carbon simple substance, can provide with charcoal, coal, coke or the like form in this application.
Fixed carbon: remove moisture, ash content, volatile matter residuum afterwards in the coal.
All iron content: the content sum that is meant whole ferro elements in the iron ore.Usually, can measure according to the mensuration titanous chloride reduction dichromate titration (ordinary method) of GB/T 6730.65-2009 iron ore all iron content.
Reducing atmosphere: be meant when iron ore is reduced, to keep weakly reducing atmosphere, can contain a spot of carbon monoxide in this atmosphere.In test, take to control air quantity (control oxygen-supplying amount) usually, make that the combustion flame in kiln is safran rather than blueness, thereby guarantee reducing atmosphere.At this, be the control reducing atmosphere, the amount of the CO that is produced by fuel combustion is very little, can ignore.
The application's first aspect
The application's first aspect relates to a kind of reduction of iron ore agent, and it comprises the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and the quicklime of 4-35 weight part.
The application's applicant finds, when use comprises the reduction of iron ore agent of quicklime of decolorizing carbon and 4-35 weight part of 8-35 weight part, can the iron ore resource that can't make full use of in the prior art be made full use of, thus acquisition iron.
In the embodiment of the application's first aspect, in the reduction of iron ore agent, the amount of decolorizing carbon can be the 14-29 weight part for 8-29 weight part and quicklime; The amount of preferred decolorizing carbon can be the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.In the embodiment of the application's first aspect, in the reduction of iron ore agent, the amount of decolorizing carbon can be the 4-29 weight part for 8-29 weight part and quicklime; The amount of preferred decolorizing carbon can be the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.In the embodiment of the application's first aspect, in the reduction of iron ore agent, the amount of decolorizing carbon can be the 9-31 weight part for 13-34 weight part and quicklime; The amount of preferred decolorizing carbon can be the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
Those skilled in the art can understand, the composition of the application's reduction of iron ore agent to different iron ore with slightly different, but it does not exceed the scope of quicklime of decolorizing carbon and the 4-35 weight part of 8-35 weight part.Particularly, for example, in the embodiment of the application's first aspect, when being used for the nickel hematite, the reduction of iron ore agent of the application's first aspect can comprise the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and the quicklime of 14-29 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 10-15 weight part and the quicklime of 15-22 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's first aspect, when being used for specularite, the reduction of iron ore agent of the application's first aspect can comprise the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and the quicklime of 4-29 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 8-15 weight part and the quicklime of 4-9 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's first aspect, when being used for titanomagnetite, the reduction of iron ore agent of the application's first aspect can comprise the decolorizing carbon of 13-34 weight part and the quicklime of 9-31 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 13-17 weight part and the quicklime of 9-13 weight part.
In the application's first aspect, decolorizing carbon can provide with various forms, for example charcoal, coal and coke.Wherein consider the cost efficiency factor, preferably adopt coal, more preferably adopt hard coal.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's first aspect, decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form.The application is for the not special restriction of hard coal, but in order to reach reasonable effect, preferred said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, more preferably anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.As required, can also control anthracitic other index, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, in the hard coal, ash oontent is less than or equal to 20 weight %, and/or sulphur content is less than or equal to 0.5 weight %, based on anthracitic weight.
In the application's first aspect, can use carbonate-free lime.But, consider the cost efficiency factor, also can use the quicklime of lime form.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's first aspect, quicklime provides with the form of lime.The application does not have particular restriction for lime, but in order to reach reasonable effect, the calcium oxide content of preferred said lime >=75 weight %, and the more preferably calcium oxide content of lime >=80 weight % are based on the weight of lime.As required, can also control other index of lime, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, in the lime, the content of silicon-dioxide is less than or equal to 3 weight %, based on the weight of lime.
In the application's first aspect, each component in this reduction of iron ore agent can be various solid forms, but considers and participate in reduction reaction better, and preferred decolorizing carbon and quicklime all are pellet form.In the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, the granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.Carried out restriction for the granularity of decolorizing carbon and quicklime after, correspondingly,, take lime that quicklime is provided if adopt hard coal that decolorizing carbon is provided, then the granularity to this hard coal and lime also need reach identical requirement.That is to say that in this preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, if use hard coal and lime, then anthracitic granularity is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of lime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.
The reduction of iron ore agent of the application's first aspect can be used to reduce various iron ores, and still, preferably this reduction of iron ore agent is used for the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.In the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, the nickel content of said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of nickel hematite.In the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, all iron content of said specularite is >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of specularite.In the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, the content of titanium dioxide of said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
As required, can also control other index of iron ore, so that reach best effect.For example, in the embodiment of the application's first aspect, the sulphur content of preferred specularite is smaller or equal to 0.2 weight %, and/or phosphorus content is less than or equal to 0.2 weight %, based on the total amount of specularite.
In the preferred implementation of the application's first aspect, the reduction of iron ore agent is made up of hard coal and lime.
The application's second aspect
The application's second aspect relates to a kind of iron ore mixture, comprises the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the iron ore mixture comprises: the iron ore of 100 weight parts; The quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and 14-29 weight part, the decolorizing carbon of preferred 10-15 weight part, and the quicklime of 15-22 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the iron ore mixture comprises: the iron ore of 100 weight parts; The decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part, the decolorizing carbon of preferred 8-15 weight part and the quicklime of 4-9 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the iron ore mixture comprises: the iron ore of 100 weight parts; The quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 13-34 weight part and 9-31 weight part; The decolorizing carbon of preferred 13-17 weight part and the quicklime of 9-13 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the application relates to a kind of iron ore mixture, and it can comprise the nickel hematite of 100 weight parts, the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and the quicklime of 14-29 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 10-15 weight part and the quicklime of 15-22 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the application relates to a kind of iron ore mixture, and it can comprise the specularite of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and 4-29 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 8-15 weight part and the quicklime of 4-9 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the application relates to a kind of iron ore mixture, and it can comprise the titanomagnetite of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 13-34 weight part and 9-31 weight part; Preferably include the decolorizing carbon of 13-17 weight part and the quicklime of 9-13 weight part.
In the application's second aspect, decolorizing carbon can provide with various forms, for example charcoal, coal and coke.Wherein consider the cost efficiency factor, preferably adopt coal, more preferably adopt hard coal.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's second aspect, decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form.The application is for the not special restriction of hard coal, but in order to reach reasonable effect, preferred said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, more preferably anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.As required, can also control anthracitic other index, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, in the hard coal, ash oontent is smaller or equal to 20 weight %, and/or sulphur content is less than or equal to 0.5 weight %, based on anthracitic weight.
In the application's second aspect, can use carbonate-free lime.But, consider the cost efficiency factor, also can use the quicklime of lime form.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's second aspect, quicklime provides with the form of lime.The application does not have particular restriction for lime, but in order to reach reasonable effect, the calcium oxide content of preferred said lime >=75 weight %, and the more preferably calcium oxide content of lime >=80 weight % are based on the weight of lime.As required, can also control other index of lime, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, in the lime, the content of silicon-dioxide is less than or equal to 3 weight %, based on the weight of lime.
In the application's second aspect, each component in this iron ore mixture can be various solid forms, but considers and participate in reduction reaction better, and preferred iron ore, decolorizing carbon and quicklime all are pellet form.In the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.Carried out restriction for the granularity of decolorizing carbon and quicklime after, correspondingly,, take lime that quicklime is provided if adopt hard coal that decolorizing carbon is provided, then the granularity to this hard coal and lime also need reach identical requirement.That is to say that in this preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, if use hard coal and lime, then anthracitic granularity is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of lime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.
Iron ore in the iron ore mixture of the application's second aspect can be various iron ores, and still, preferably this iron ore is nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.In the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, the nickel content of said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of nickel hematite.In the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, all iron content of said specularite is >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of specularite.In the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, the content of titanium dioxide of said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
Generally speaking, for all iron ores, its all iron content can be for 38 weight %-62 weight %, based on the weight of iron ore.
As required, can also control other index of iron ore, so that reach best effect.For example, in the embodiment of the application's second aspect, the sulphur content of preferred specularite is smaller or equal to 0.2 weight %, and/or phosphorus content is less than or equal to 0.2 weight %, based on the total amount of specularite.
In addition, in the embodiment of the application's second aspect, can choose wantonly iron ore is carried out the ore dressing processing, thereby acquisition and use " concentrate ", particularly all iron content are the ore of >=40 weight %.
In the preferred implementation of the application's second aspect, the iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
The iron ore mixture of the application's second aspect can directly reduce acquisition iron.
The application's the third aspect
The application's the third aspect relates to a kind of method of reducing iron ore, may further comprise the steps:
Mixing step: mix the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part obtains the iron ore mixture; With
Reactions step:, react above-mentioned iron ore mixture 1100-1450 ℃ temperature.
Use the method for the application's third aspect, can be with iron ore, particularly prior art can't be fully and the nickel hematite of efficient utilization, and specularite or titanomagnetite under the non-blast furnace ironmaking condition, are reduced to iron.
The application's third aspect is for the not special restriction of mixing step, as long as can iron ore, decolorizing carbon and quicklime be mixed.Can use conventional known any mixing equipment to carry out this mixing.Mix and also can carry out at normal temperatures and pressures.
In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, the temperature of preferred reaction step is 1180-1300 ℃, more preferably 1200-1300 ℃.
In the application's third aspect, the time of carrying out for reactions step does not have particular requirement.Generally speaking, this reaction times is relevant with employed temperature of reaction with concrete iron ore.Yet usually, reactions step can be carried out 30-120 minute, was preferably 80-110 minute.
In the method for the application's third aspect, reactions step can be carried out in confined conditions, and can adopt this moment, for example carries out under the environmental stress, generally speaking under normal pressure, carries out.In order to obtain best yied of redution, can in reactions step, adopt weakly reducing atmosphere.That is, control air quantity (control oxygen-supplying amount) makes that the combustion flame in reaction unit is safran rather than blueness, thereby guarantees that reactions step carries out under reducing atmosphere.
In the method for the application's third aspect, the employed reaction unit of reactions step is not special to be limited for carrying out.In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, can in the equipment that is selected from rotary hearth furnace, rotary kiln, tunnel and rolling tunnel kiln, carry out said reactions step.
In addition, according to practical situation, before reactions step, possibly carry out preheating to mixing step gained iron ore mixture.In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, said method also is included in 200～1100 ℃ temperature between mixing step and reactions step, with pre-heated 2～5 hours, and preferred 3～4 hours.At this moment, preheating can be carried out and need temperature prepare for getting into reduction reaction.Preheating can be carried out under condition of normal pressure.
Have no restriction in reactions step and/or pre-heating step, obtaining temperature required heating fuel, it can be bituminous coal, heavy oil, natural gas, liquefied gas, coke-oven gas, blast furnace gas etc.
In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, in the mixing step of this method, iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, in the mixing step of this method, iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, in the mixing step of this method, iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, the mixing step of said method comprises the nickel hematite that mixes 100 weight parts, the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and the quicklime of 14-29 weight part; Preferred nickel hematite, the decolorizing carbon of 10-15 weight part and the quicklime of 15-22 weight part that mixes 100 weight parts obtains the iron ore mixture.
In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, the mixing step of said method comprises the specularite that mixes 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-29 weight part and 4-29 weight part; Preferably include and mix 100 weight part specularites, the decolorizing carbon of 8-15 weight part and the quicklime of 4-9 weight part, obtain the iron ore mixture.
In the embodiment of the application's third aspect, the mixing step of said method comprises the titanomagnetite that mixes 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 13-34 weight part and 9-31 weight part; Preferably include the titanomagnetite, the decolorizing carbon of 13-17 weight part and the quicklime of 9-13 weight part that mix 100 weight parts, obtain the iron ore mixture.
In the application's the third aspect, decolorizing carbon can provide with various forms, for example charcoal, coal and coke.Wherein consider the cost efficiency factor, preferably adopt coal, more preferably adopt hard coal.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's third aspect, decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form.The application is for the not special restriction of hard coal, but in order to reach reasonable effect, preferred said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, more preferably anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.As required, can also control anthracitic other index, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, in the hard coal, ash oontent is smaller or equal to 20 weight %, and/or sulphur content is less than or equal to 0.5 weight %, based on anthracitic weight.
In the application's the third aspect, can use carbonate-free lime.But, consider the cost efficiency factor, also can use the quicklime of lime form.Therefore, in the embodiment of the application's third aspect, quicklime provides with the form of lime.The application does not have particular restriction for lime, but in order to reach reasonable effect, the calcium oxide content of preferred said lime >=75 weight %, and the more preferably calcium oxide content of lime >=80 weight % are based on the weight of lime.As required, can also control other index of lime, so that reach best effect.For example, in the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, in the lime, the content of silicon-dioxide is less than or equal to 3 weight %, based on the weight of lime.
In the application's the third aspect, iron ore, decolorizing carbon and quicklime can be various solid forms, but consider and participate in reaction better, and preferred iron ore, decolorizing carbon and quicklime all are pellet form.In the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.Carried out restriction for the granularity of decolorizing carbon and quicklime after, correspondingly,, take lime that quicklime is provided if adopt hard coal that decolorizing carbon is provided, then the granularity to this hard coal and lime also need reach identical requirement.That is to say that in this preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, if use hard coal and lime, then anthracitic granularity is 48 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner; And the granularity of lime is 150 orders or thinner, is preferably 200 orders or thinner.
The iron ore that the application's third aspect is used can be various iron ores, and still, preferably this iron ore is nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.In the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, the nickel content of said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of nickel hematite.In the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, all iron content of said specularite is >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of specularite.In the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, the content of titanium dioxide of said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, and preferred all iron content is >=40 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
Generally speaking, for all iron ores, its all iron content can be for 38 weight %-62 weight %, based on the weight of iron ore.
As required, can also control other index of iron ore, so that reach best effect.For example, in the embodiment of the application's third aspect, the sulphur content of preferred specularite is smaller or equal to 0.2 weight %, and/or phosphorus content is less than or equal to 0.2 weight %, based on the total amount of specularite.
In addition, in the embodiment of the application's third aspect, can choose wantonly iron ore is carried out the ore dressing processing, thereby acquisition and use " concentrate ", particularly all iron content are the ore of >=40 weight %.
For the product that obtains after the reactions step, thereby can pulverize, magnetic separation obtains reduced iron powder.Can also as required iron powder be colded pressing obtains briquetting, thereby is used for steel-making.These post-processing steps all belong to this area conventional steps.
In the preferred implementation of the application's third aspect, said iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
Use the method for the application's third aspect, can be effectively with iron ore, nickel hematite particularly, specularite or titanomagnetite under the non-blast furnace ironmaking condition, directly are reduced to iron.
The iron powder that method through third aspect present invention obtains can reach all iron content more than or equal to 90 weight %, and the recovery of iron is equally more than or equal to 90%.Particularly, for nickel laterite, the recovery of Ni>=75%; For titanomagnetite, the reduced iron powder of acquisition has all iron content more than or equal to 90 weight %, TiO2 content≤1%, and the recovery of Fe reaches more than 92%.
Each technical scheme of the application can also obtain following advantage:
1. can make full use of and not be the iron ore source that people paid attention to, for example low nickel laterite iron ore, titanomagnetite and specularite before.Simultaneously, because this part resource not for people pay attention to, so resources costs is cheap, can enlarge iron, nickel and titanium resource source.
2. need not coking, pelletizing and sintering circuit, reduce a large amount of investments in fixed assets.
3. without coking coal and coke, only use general coal, do not fight for the coking coal of resource scarcity with blast furnace system.General coal resource price rich and easy to get is lower, is without fear of an attack from the rear.
4. technology is simple, and flow process is short, less investment, energy-saving and emission-reduction.
5. realize the suitability for industrialized production of low nickel laterite iron ore, meet national industrial policies, and reach nickel recovery more than or equal to 75%.
6. steel industry one enlarges the iron ore deposit of ironmaking to not using specularite ironmaking problem separately before solving.
7. solved the effective development and use problem that low-grade refractory selects the smelting titanomagnetite.
To adopt specific embodiment to further describe the present invention below.Yet the present invention does not receive the restriction of these specific embodiments.
Embodiment
In following examples, adopt the raw material brief introduction following:
Pulverized anthracite: from the Hunan China Yongxing County.
Lime powder: from Wuchuan county, Guangxi China Guilin
Nickel laterite iron powder: from Indonesia.
Spiegel breeze: from Indonesia
Titanium magnetic iron powder: from Indonesia.
The preparation of embodiment 1-5 iron ore mixture 1-5
Under normal temperature and normal pressure, in conventional mixing equipment,, iron ore powder, hard coal and lime are mixed according to shown in the table 1, obtain iron ore mixture 1-5.
Table 1 iron ore mixture 1-5
Annotate: TFe: all iron content, based on the weight of ore
C%: fixed carbon content, based on ore or anthracitic weight
Ash content %: ash oontent, based on anthracitic weight
Remaining weight per-cent is all based on the weight of corresponding material (iron ore, hard coal, lime)
Embodiment 6-10 reduction reaction also obtains iron powder
The iron ore mixture 1-5 of top acquisition is packed in the silicon carbide deacidizing tank; Jar is put into tunnel, and under condition shown in the following table 2, use liquefied gas to act as a fuel; In tunnel, carry out preheating and reduction reaction; The control air quantity makes that the combustion flame in tunnel is a safran, thereby guarantees that reactions step carries out under reducing atmosphere.After predetermined reaction time, with product cooling and be crushed to granularity, magneticly elect iron powder then less than 0.3mm.In table 2, give total iron content, yield and other impurity information of gained iron powder.In warm, all embodiment are in the time shown in the table 2, are heated to 1100 ℃ from envrionment temperature.Whole preheating and reduction reaction process are all carried out at normal pressure.
Table 2
Annotate: above all wt % is based on the weight of iron powder
Amount/powdered iron ore iron-holder * 100% of the iron of iron yield=last gained
Amount/nickel laterite powder nickel content * 100% of the nickel of the recovery of nickel=last gained
Can find out from table 2, unserviceable iron ore before the application can fully effectively utilize three kinds, and can obtain the iron yield more than 90%.
Claims (36)
1. reduction of iron ore agent, it comprises the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and the quicklime of 4-35 weight part.
2. the reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
3. the reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
4. the reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1, wherein decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
5. each reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1-4, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
6. each reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1-5, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
7. each reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1-6, wherein the granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
8. each reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1-7, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
9. the reduction of iron ore agent of claim 8, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
10. each reduction of iron ore agent of claim 1-9, wherein said reduction of iron ore agent is made up of hard coal and lime.
11. an iron ore mixture comprises the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part.
12. the iron ore mixture of claim 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
13. the iron ore mixture of claim 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
14. the iron ore mixture of claim 11, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
15. each iron ore mixture of claim 11-14, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, and preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
16. each iron ore mixture of claim 11-15, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, and the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
17. each iron ore mixture of claim 11-16, wherein the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
18. each iron ore mixture of claim 11-17, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
19. the iron ore mixture of claim 18, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
20. each iron ore mixture of claim 11-19, wherein said iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
21. the method for a reducing iron ore may further comprise the steps:
Mixing step: mix the iron ore of 100 weight parts, the quicklime of the decolorizing carbon of 8-35 weight part and 4-35 weight part obtains the iron ore mixture; With
Reactions step:, react above-mentioned iron ore mixture 1100-1450 ℃ temperature.
22. the method for claim 21, the temperature of wherein said reactions step is 1180-1300 ℃, is preferably 1200-1300 ℃.
23. the method for claim 21 or 22, wherein said reactions step were carried out 30-120 minute, were preferably 80-110 minute.
24. each method of claim 21-23, wherein said reactions step is carried out in reducing atmosphere.
25. each method of claim 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 14-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 10-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 15-22 weight part.
26. each method of claim 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 8-29 weight part and quicklime are the 4-29 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 8-15 weight part, and quicklime is the 4-9 weight part.
27. each method of claim 21-24, wherein iron ore is 100 weight parts; Decolorizing carbon is that 13-34 weight part and quicklime are the 9-31 weight part; Preferred decolorizing carbon is the 13-17 weight part, and quicklime is the 9-13 weight part.
28. each method of claim 21-24, wherein decolorizing carbon provides with anthracitic form, said anthracitic fixed carbon content >=70 weight %, and preferred anthracitic fixed carbon content >=75 weight % is based on anthracitic weight.
29. each method of claim 21-28, wherein quicklime provides with the form of lime, the calcium oxide content of said lime >=75 weight %, and the calcium oxide content >=80 weight % of preferred lime are based on the weight of lime.
30. each method of claim 21-29, wherein the granularity of iron ore is 1mm or thinner; The granularity of decolorizing carbon is 48 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner; The granularity of quicklime is 150 orders or thinner, preferred 200 orders or thinner.
31. each method of claim 21-30, wherein said iron ore is selected from the nickel hematite, specularite or titanomagnetite.
32. the method for claim 31, the nickel content of wherein said nickel hematite is >=35 weight % less than 1.7 weight % and all iron content, based on the weight of nickel hematite; The all iron content of wherein said specularite is >=35 weight %, based on the weight of specularite; The content of titanium dioxide of wherein said titanomagnetite is that 8-15 weight % and all iron content are >=35 weight %, based on the weight of titanomagnetite.
33. each method of claim 21-32, wherein said method also is included in 200～1100 ℃ temperature between mixing step and reactions step, with pre-heated 2～5 hours (when may I ask preheating, pressure.
34. each method of claim 21-33 is wherein carried out said reactions step in the equipment that is selected from rotary hearth furnace, rotary kiln, tunnel and rolling tunnel kiln.
35. each method of claim 21-34, wherein said iron ore mixture is made up of iron ore, hard coal and lime.
36. each method of claim 21-35, wherein said reactions step is carried out at environmental stress.
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| CN103436698A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 徐伟 | Method for directly reducing laterite-nickel ore to produce ferronickel alloy |
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| GB421566A (en) * | 1933-09-04 | 1934-12-31 | Casimir James Head | Improvements in or relating to the production of iron sponge |
| DE1583955A1 (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1970-09-10 | Canada Steel Co | Process for the direct reduction of materials containing iron oxide in the rotary kiln |
| US4239530A (en) * | 1979-01-10 | 1980-12-16 | Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University | Process for producing metallized iron pellets |
| JPS57185913A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-11-16 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Reutilizing method for unconsumed reducing agent in iron manufacturing process |
| CN1107893A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-06 | 周景生 | Production method for spongy iron |
| CN1272451C (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-08-30 | 梅卫东 | Composite additive for vanadium-titanium magnetite reduction |
| CN100398669C (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2008-07-02 | 太原理工大学 | Method of manufacturing low carbon sponge iron using microwave vertical furnace |
| CN101343692A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-01-14 | 阜新华维冶金新材料有限公司 | Carbon based reductive |
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