CN102683035B - Carbon nanometer electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nanometer electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon nanometer electrode material for a super capacitor and a preparation method thereof. The carbon nanometer electrode material is formed by hybridization of a single-wall carbon nanometer tube or a double-wall carbon nanometer tube and 1-3 layers of graphene. The carbon nanometer electrode material is prepared by placing the single-wall carbon nanometer tube or the double-wall carbon nanometer tube and 1-3 layers of graphene in ionic liquid and performing stirring, ultrasound or squeezing on the liquid. The preparation method is few in procedures, free of impurities, small in loss, high in purity and low in cost and can prepare the high-performance nanometer electrode material for the super capacitor in batch mode. The manufactured super capacitor can work under the voltage of 4v-6.5v, and energy density based on the carbon nanometer electrode material can reach as high as 220Wh/kg.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric conducting material technical field, particularly a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is a kind of equipment that utilizes electrochemical capacitance principle to carry out store electrical energy, there is power density high, the advantages such as long service life, can be used as the storage (as wind energy and tidal energy) of erratic current, and the standby lighting power supply of Large-sized Communication instrument (as steamer or aircraft) etc.But compared with lithium ion battery, the energy density of ultracapacitor is lower, its application at the aspect such as the vehicles and mobile electronic device is subject to certain limitation.
Current business-like electrode material is mainly activated carbon, but active carbon can only be used for the capacitor that operating voltage is less than 3 V.And the Graphene of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, double-walled carbon nano-tube and 1 layer ~ 3 layers has steady chemical structure, specific area is large, and the feature that conductivity is good is regarded as the ideal electrode material of the capacitor of making high-energy-density of future generation.But the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube is little, the Van der Waals force between tube and tube is strong, easily bunchy and difficult dispersion; And the Graphene of 1 layer ~ 3 layers is after mutually superimposed, just become multi-layer graphene; Both of these case all causes specific area to reduce, and capacitive property declines.The hybrid of one or more that current up-to-date Research Thinking is preparation Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube and Graphene, utilize the two different architectural feature, having formed after the structure that a layer graphene and one deck Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube are alternate, just can overcome the two shortcoming separately.But the method for directly preparing at present this hybrid, productive rate is low, purity is low, and the wall number of carbon nano-tube and the number of plies of Graphene wayward.Utilize Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube after graphene oxide and functionalization to carry out self assembly, can form similar structure, but while using, need in hot environment, further remove various functional groups under high voltage.And high temperature action causes the structure of gained to be reunited, the dispersion effect in ion liquid type electrolyte is not good, and this method treatment step is long simultaneously, and yield is low, with high costs.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that the present invention is directed to above-mentioned electrode material and preparation method thereof has been carried out the improvement of novelty, has proposed a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor, it is characterized in that: described carbon nano-electrode material is formed by Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube and Graphene hydridization, wherein the content of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%, the content of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%, and the content of Graphene is 1 wt% ~ 99 wt%.
The preparation method who the invention still further relates to the above-mentioned carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor, is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
Carbon nano-tube and Graphene are less than to 0.5 ppm in oxygen content, water content is less than in the environment of 1 ppm, be scattered in ionic liquid (the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines of 20 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl piperidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of trimethyl the third ammonium, one or more in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether and the two fluoroform sulfimide salt plasma liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole) in, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 1% ~ 20%.Mechanical agitation approximately 1 hour ~ 20 hours under the speed of 100 rpm ~ 4000 rpm; Or carbon nano-electrode material is mixed to rear sonic oscillation with ionic liquid 1 hour ~ 24 hours; Or by the mixture of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid after grinding, extrude with screw extruder; Or the combination of above-mentioned two or three method, thereby prepare a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1, the dielectric property of ionic liquid is strong, can overcome the Van der Waals force of list/double-walled carbon nano-tube interfascicular, and electrostatic force between 1 layer ~ 3 layer graphenes, thereby effectively obtains the two alternate hybrid structure.Because ionic liquid body is exactly the desirable electrolyte of high tension super capacitor, so the mixture of itself and carbon nano-electrode material just can be directly used in and construct capacitor, so not only make the preparation process of hybrid simplify, also make ultracapacitor preparation process shorten, its cost is than low by 60% ~ 90% with the cost of this prepared class hybrid of traditional graphene oxide method.
2, disperse to obtain, after the hybrid of carbon nano-electrode material, just can directly use by ionic liquid, all processes do not need at high temperature to operate, and the structure of list/double-walled carbon nano-tube of therefore obtaining and Graphene hybrid easily keeps.Therefore, this class hybrid that the hybrid of preparing with the method is more standby than traditional graphene oxide legal system, when for ultracapacitor, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material can improve 0.5 times ~ 1.5 times.
3, disperse to prepare the method for carbon nano-electrode material by ionic liquid, than the method for preparing this class material through catalyst method original position, preparation temperature is low, and product purity is high.Therefore prepare carbon nano-electrode material with the method and will decline 4 times ~ 10 times than the cost of preparing this class material through catalyst method original position.
4, disperse to prepare the method for carbon nano-electrode material by ionic liquid, highly purified list/the double-walled carbon nano-tube that can use any preparation method to obtain, and the Graphene of highly purified 1 layer ~ 3 layers for preparing of any method, therefore be not subject to the restriction of the process of the method (as graphite acr method or chemical vapour deposition technique) of any direct this class formation of preparation, there is the characteristic that can amplify.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 1 wt% (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 1.2 nm, and length is 50 nm), 80 wt% (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 100 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 19 wt% (be of a size of 3300 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines of 60 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 20%.Be 0.1 ppm in oxygen content, water content was in the environment of 0.1 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 100 rpm 24 hours.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 6.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 200 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 2
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 10 wt% (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 2.3 nm, length be 100 μ m), the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 70 wt% (external diameter is 3 nm ~ 6 nm, length be 50 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 20 wt% (be of a size of 900 μ m
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl piperidines of 40 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 1%.Be 0.3 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.3 ppm, grinds after 14 hours, extrudes with screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 5.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 145 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 3
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 49 wt% (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 1.2 nm, length be 30 μ m), the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 1 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 5 nm, length be 30 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 50 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m
2) join in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ion liquid of 80 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 13%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.3 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 4000 rpm 6 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.2 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 96 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 4
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 70 wt% (external diameter is 1.2 nm ~ 2 nm, length be 3 μ m), the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 20 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 5 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 10 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole of 50 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 18%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.1 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 4000 rpm 24 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 102 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 5
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 90 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 5 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 10 wt% (be of a size of 5 μ m
2) join in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ion liquid of 60 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 14%.Be 0.25 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 6 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.2 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 90 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 6
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 50 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 5 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 50 wt% (be of a size of 36 μ m
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole of 30 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 4%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, grinds after 2 hours, extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 89 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 7
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 50 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 10 μ m) and three layer graphenes of 50 wt% (be of a size of 100 μ m
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl piperidines of 20 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 2%.Be 0.4 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.9 ppm, grinds after 8 hours, extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 5.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 116 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 8
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 30 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 6 μ m), the single-layer graphene of 30 wt% (is of a size of 500 μ m
2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 40 wt% (be of a size of 25 μ m
2) join in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ion liquid of 30 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 16%.Be 0.35 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 20 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 78 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 9
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 30 wt% (external diameter is 1 nm ~ 2 nm, length be 60 μ m), the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 20 wt% (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 60 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 40 wt% (be of a size of 300 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole of 50 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 2%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.9 ppm, sonic oscillation 20 hours, then extrude through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 80 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 10
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 6 nm, and length is 30 nm) and three layer graphenes of 39 wt% of the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 60 wt% (external diameter is 1 nm ~ 2 nm, and length is 30 nm), 1 wt% (are of a size of to 900 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines of 40 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 6%.Be 0.4 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, sonic oscillation 20 hours, then extrude through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 5.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 170 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 11
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 50 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 1 μ m), the single-layer graphene of 5 wt% (is of a size of 10 μ m
2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 45 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m
2) join in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ion liquid of 40 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 9%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 500 rpm 1 hour, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.2 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 95 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 12
By the Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 50 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 1 μ m), the single-layer graphene of 5 wt% (is of a size of 10 μ m
2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 45 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of trimethyl the third ammonium of 70 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 9%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, first sonic oscillation 1 hour, then with the speed mechanical agitation of 2000 rpm 24 hours, then extrude through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 5.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 120 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 13
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 99 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 6 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 1 wt% (be of a size of 50 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole of 70 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 16%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 20 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 6.0 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 179 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 14
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 99 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, length be 1 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 1 wt% (be of a size of 500 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole of 20 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 8%.Be 0.4 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.7 ppm, grinds 20 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.2 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 220 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 15
The Single Walled Carbon Nanotube of 1 wt% (external diameter is 1.5 nm ~ 2.3 nm, and length is 30 nm) and the single-layer graphene of 99 wt% (are of a size of to 600 nm
2) join in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether of 60 DEG C, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 10%.Be 0.2 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.2 ppm, grinds 20 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 5.5 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 150 Wh/kg.
Embodiment 16
By the double-walled carbon nano-tube of 1 wt% (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 5 nm, length be 30 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 99 wt% (be of a size of 50 nm
2) join in the mixed ionic liquid of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate of 50 wt% of 30 DEG C and the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of the N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines of 50 wt%, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 10%.Be 0.3 ppm in oxygen content, water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, grinds 20 hours, then extrudes through screw extruder.By the mixture knifing of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid, prepare ultracapacitor.While work under 4.2 V, the energy density based on carbon nano-electrode material is 150 Wh/kg.
Claims (2)
1. the carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor, it is characterized in that: described carbon nano-electrode material is formed by one or more and Graphene hydridization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube or double-walled carbon nano-tube, the content of described Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 0wt%～99wt%, the content of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 0wt%～99wt%, and the content of Graphene is 1wt%～99wt%;
The preparation method of the described carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor is as follows:
Carbon nano-tube and Graphene are less than to 0.5ppm in oxygen content, and water content is less than in the environment of 1ppm, is scattered in the ionic liquid of 20 DEG C～80 DEG C, and the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ionic liquid 1%～20%; Mechanical agitation 1 hour～20 hours under the speed of 100rpm～4000rpm, or carbon nano-electrode material is mixed to rear sonic oscillation with ionic liquid 1 hour～24 hours, or by the mixture of carbon nano-electrode material and ionic liquid after grinding, extrude with screw extruder; Or the combination of above-mentioned two or three method, thereby prepare a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor;
The external diameter of described Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 0.8nm～2.3nm, and length is 30nm～100 μ m; The external diameter of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 1.8nm～6nm, and length is 30nm～100 μ m, and the number of plies of Graphene is 1 layer～3 layers, and Graphene is of a size of 300nm
2～900 μ m
2.
2. a kind of carbon nano-electrode material for ultracapacitor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ionic liquid is one or more in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl piperidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of trimethyl the third ammonium, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether and the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole.
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| CN103839698A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-04 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Graphene composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN103258655B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-02-24 | 渤海大学 | A kind of preparation method of electric field activated form ultracapacitor |
| JP2014225508A (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-12-04 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Electrode for electricity storage device, electricity storage device, and method for manufacturing electrode for electricity storage device |
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