A kind of preparation method of electric field activated form ultracapacitor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of electric field activated form ultracapacitor.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is a kind of novel green energy storage elements, have that power-performance is good, discharge and recharge fast, have extended cycle life and feature that operating temperature range is wide.But there is the low defect of energy density in ultracapacitor, constrains the application of its scale in the energy storage such as electric automobile, photovoltaic generation and wind power generation.
The energy density of ultracapacitor (
e=1/2
cU 2,
cfor ratio capacitance,
ufor rated operational voltage) depend on the character of electrode active material and electrolyte.Electric field activated form capacitor utilizes to have certain interlamellar spacing (d
002) graphite material contact with electrolyte, apply normal when using the voltage of more than voltage, electrolyte is inserted embeds graphite crystal interlayer, electric field activation occurs, obtains electric field activated form capacitor, thus show higher electrostatic capacitance.Once embed electrolyte ion to form pore in graphite material, then under operating voltage, Reusability also keeps high static capacity thereafter.Organic salt dissolvent electrolytic solution is the electrolyte that electric field activation capacitor the most often adopts, the stable rated operational voltage < 3.0V of quaternary ammonium salt organic solvent electrolyte, at short notice also can at < 4.0V operating at voltages, therefore, the topmost electrolyte system of electric field activated form ultracapacitor is become.But common organic salt (as quaternary ammonium salt) is solid at normal temperatures, when using as electrolyte, must be dissolved in organic solvent, therefore, ion concentration and withstand voltage properties increase rate limited.
CN102153072A discloses one " graphite microcrystalline carbon for preparing electrochemical capacitor by using microwave-assisted extraction ", this graphite microlitic carbon for electrochemical capacitor is electrode active material, with the chain structure quaternary ammonium salt organic solvent of non-closed for electrolyte, under 0.005V ~ 3.8V voltage, carry out electric field activation.Its shortcoming is: 1, non-close structure quaternary ammonium salt organic solvent electrolyte electromotive force window narrows, and rated capacitor operating voltage is low; 2, solvation non-close structure quaternary ammonium salt volume is comparatively large, be difficult under electric field activation condition graphite layers carry out slotting embedding-move out; 3, non-close structure quaternary ammonium salt electrochemical stability is poor, cannot realize carrying out electric field activation under higher voltage conditions, and slotting embedding insufficient in graphite layers of electrolyte ion, is difficult to obtain high intercalation electrostatic capacitance.
CN101194328A discloses one " electrode for electric double layer capacitor and double charge layer capacitor ", and this capacitor is with class graphite microcrystal charcoal for electrode active material, and two spiro quaternary ammonium salt cations of enclosed construction are BF to anion
4 -, PF
6 -deng being electrolyte for electrolytical organic solvent, under 2.7V ~ 4.0V voltage, carry out electric field activation.Two spiro quaternary ammonium salt of enclosed construction have the ion volume less than open-chain structure and the electrochemical stability of Geng Gao, can obtain the chemical property higher than non-close structure quaternary ammonium salt.Its shortcoming is: 1, the electrolyte ion of solvation has larger ionic radius, be unfavorable for its graphite layers carry out slotting embedding-move out; 2, organic solvent is easily polymerized under high electric field activation voltage, and at the polymer film that graphite surface is formed, blocking electrode active material aperture, makes the reduction of capacitor ratio capacitance, efficiency for charge-discharge declines, internal resistance increases.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of electric field activated form ultracapacitor, and obtained electrolytic solution for super capacitor electromotive force window is wider, can improve rated capacitor operating voltage; Electrolyte molecular volume is less, under electric field activation condition can graphite layers carry out slotting embedding-move out; Electrolyte electrochemical stable performance, can carry out electric field activation under higher voltage conditions, makes electrolyte ion fully insert embedding in graphite layers, obtains high intercalation electrostatic capacitance.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A preparation method for electric field activated form ultracapacitor, its concrete steps are:
1, electrode active material is mixed according to mass ratio 100:5 ~ 100:50,100:1 ~ 100:50 respectively with adhesive, conductive agent, mixture is applied or rolls in metal collector surface, make the class graphite material electrode slice that one side coating layer thickness is 50 μm ~ 500 μm, described electrode active material is BET specific surface area≤700m
2/ g, interlamellar spacing d
002for the class graphite material of 0.330nm ~ 0.390nm;
2, using obtained class graphite electrode sheet as the electrode anode of capacitor and negative pole, the mass ratio of the electrode active material of described positive pole and the electrode active material of negative pole is 1:1 ~ 1:5, adopt barrier film by electrodes block, with molecular weight≤500 ionic liquid for electrolyte, be assembled into capacitor, voltage be 3.5V ~ 5.0V, current density is 0.1mA/cm
2~ 10mA/cm
2under, carry out electric field and activate 1 time ~ 10 times, obtained electric field activated form ultracapacitor.
Described class graphite material is the one in electrically conductive graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, celion, Delanium, expanded graphite, Graphene, needle coke, pyrolytic graphite; Described conductive agent is the one in natural flake graphite, Prof. Du Yucang graphite, Ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube; Described binder is one or both in polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, butadiene-styrene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
The material of described barrier film is the one in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, fluoropolymer, agar membrane, glass fibre, asbestos fibre film, ceramic diaphragm, zirconia, organic fiber and inorfil composite membrane; Described metal collector is the one in aluminium foil, Copper Foil, nickel foil, platinum foil, stainless steel foil.
The anion of described ionic liquid is the one in tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoro-phosphate radical, perchlorate, fluoroform sulphonyl root, cation be with imidazole type, pyridine type, piperidines type, pyrrolidines, quaternary ammonium type, morpholine type, season phosphine type, one in benzimidazole type.
Described ionic liquid be 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, TBuA trifluorosulfonimide or
n-ethylpyridine hexafluorophosphate.
Described class graphite material is carbonaceous mesophase spherules, expanded graphite or pyrolytic graphite; Described conductive agent is Ketjen black, Prof. Du Yucang graphite or natural scale; Described binder is the mixture of butadiene-styrene rubber and sodium carboxymethylcellulose or polytetrafluoroethylene or Kynoar.
The material of described barrier film is polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol or glass fibre; Described metal collector is stainless steel foil, Copper Foil or aluminium foil.
When mixing in step 1, adding quality is at least one in the water of solid content 10% ~ 50%, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, to reach better mixed effect.
That the present invention adopts class graphite material that electrolyte ion can be provided to insert is embedding-place of moving out, using ionic liquid as electrolyte, by applying the electric field activation voltage higher than operating voltage, electrolyte ion insert under high voltage and concentration difference drive be embedded into class graphite material crystallizing layer between, thus obtain intercalation micropore electrostatic capacitance.Its beneficial effect is:
1, the operating voltage of ionic liquid, electrochemical stability are all good than the quaternary ammonium salt electrolyte of solvation; In addition the class graphite material electrode that crystalline structure is complete, Adsorption is few, electrochemical stability is high is used, higher electric field activation intercalation electrostatic capacitance and operating voltage can be obtained, thus significantly improving the energy density of electric field activated form ultracapacitor, energy density is elevated to 45.0Wh/kg ~ 90.2Wh/kg;
2, select suitable ionic liquid, can under electric field activation condition graphite layers carry out slotting embedding-move out; Ionic liquid stable electrochemical property, higher electric field activation voltage and operating voltage can obtained, improve electrolyte ion and interleave embedding-ability of moving out in graphite linings, thus significantly reduce the internal resistance of ultracapacitor, improve ultracapacitor constant current charge-discharge efficiency, after testing, the internal resistance of electric field activated form ultracapacitor is reduced to 1.2 Ω ~ 2.3 Ω, and efficiency for charge-discharge can reach 95.1.3% ~ 98.4%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1,100gBET specific area 50m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the carbonaceous mesophase spherules of 0.355nm, 5g polytetrafluoroethylene powder is binder, 1g Ketjen black is conductive agent, add 15g isopropyl alcohol, 48h is mixed in planetary ball mill, in jet mill, be broken into the particulate of particle diameter < 100 μm, suppress after thickness is the one side coating of 100 μm, 500 μm on two panels stainless steel foil respectively by roll squeezer, adopt button cell slicing machine to be cut into
Φthe disk of 15.5mm, vacuumize 24h at 180 DEG C, obtained electrode slice;
2, be that the electrode slice of 100 μm is as positive pole using coating layer thickness, be that the electrode slice of 500 μm is as negative pole using coating layer thickness, in argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), with polypropylene diaphragm, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, be placed in reed-type stainless steel battery case, adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ion liquid is electrolyte, makes electrolyte not have electrode, button cell packaging machine is prepared into button-shaped capacitor; Button-shaped capacitor is placed on button cell test holder, on electrochemical test, with 0.1mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 1 0.0V ~ 5.0V, the obtained button-shaped ultracapacitor of electric field activated form.
At 3.5V rated operational voltage, current density 10.0mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
1,100gBET specific area 200m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the expanded graphite of 0.375nm, 10g Kynoar powder is binder, 5g Prof. Du Yucang graphite is conductive agent, add 50g dimethyl formamide, 24h is mixed in homogenizer, after with spreader, at two panels copper foil surface, coating thickness is the coating of 50 μm, 200 μm respectively, vacuumize 48h at 150 DEG C, obtained electrode slice;
2, be that the electrode slice of 50 μm is as positive pole using coating layer thickness, be that the electrode slice of 200 μm is as negative pole using coating layer thickness, with polyvinyl alcohol membranes, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, pole piece coiling machine is adopted the pole piece of two panels 1.5cm × 6.0cm to be prepared into Horizontal electrode, vacuumize 24h at 150 DEG C; In argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), the Horizontal electrode of drying is packaged in stainless steel battery case, adding TBuA trifluorosulfonimide ionic liquid is electrolyte, makes electrolyte not have electrode, rolled electrode cell package machine is prepared into Wound capacitor; Wound capacitor is placed on electrochemical test, with 5.0mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 5 0.0V ~ 4.0V, obtained electric field activated form Wound capacitor.
At 3.0V rated operational voltage, current density 20.0mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
1,100gBET specific area 500m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the pyrolytic graphite of 0.385nm, 15g butadiene-styrene rubber and 35g sodium carboxymethylcellulose are binder, 50g natural flake graphite is conductive agent, add 60g deionized water, 12h is mixed in refiner, with spreader after corrosive aluminum foil surface-coated thickness is the coating of 100 μm, vacuumize 48h at 80 DEG C, obtained electrode slice.
2, obtained electrode slice is cut into the positive pole of rectangular sheet as electrode and the negative pole of electrode of two panels 2.0cm × 10.0cm, with fibreglass diaphragm, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, adopt pole piece coiling mechanism standby one-tenth Horizontal electrode, vacuumize 24h at 120 DEG C; In argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), the Horizontal electrode of drying is packaged in stainless steel battery case, adds
n-ethylpyridine hexafluorophosphoric acid ionic liquid is electrolyte, makes electrolyte not have electrode, and rolled electrode cell package machine is prepared into Wound capacitor; Wound capacitor is placed on electrochemical capacitance tester, with 10.0mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 10 0.0V ~ 3.5V, obtained electric field activated form Wound capacitor.
At 2.5V rated operational voltage, current density 50mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
1,100gBET specific area 50m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the carbonaceous mesophase spherules of 0.355nm, 5g polytetrafluoroethylene powder is binder, 1g Ketjen black is conductive agent, add 15g isopropyl alcohol, 48h is mixed in planetary ball mill, in jet mill, be broken into the particulate of particle diameter < 100 μm, suppress after thickness is the one side coating of 100 μm, 500 μm on two panels stainless steel foil respectively by roll squeezer, adopt button cell slicing machine to be cut into
Φthe disk of 15.5mm, vacuumize 24h at 180 DEG C, obtained electrode slice;
2, be that the electrode slice of 100 μm is as positive pole using coating layer thickness, be that the electrode slice of 500 μm is as negative pole using coating layer thickness, in argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), with polypropylene diaphragm, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, be placed in reed-type stainless steel battery case, the carbonic allyl ester solution adding tetrafluoro boric acid 1,1'-spiral shell two pyrrolidines of 1.5mol/L is electrolyte, make electrolyte not have electrode, button cell packaging machine is prepared into button-shaped capacitor; Button-shaped capacitor is placed on button cell test holder, on electrochemical test, with 0.1mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 1 0.0V ~ 5.0V, the obtained button-shaped ultracapacitor of electric field activated form.
At 3.5V rated operational voltage, current density 10.0mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
1,100gBET specific area 200m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the expanded graphite of 0.375nm, 10g Kynoar powder is binder, 5g Prof. Du Yucang graphite is conductive agent, add 50g dimethyl formamide, 24h is mixed in homogenizer, after with spreader, at two panels copper foil surface, coating thickness is the coating of 50 μm, 200 μm respectively, vacuumize 48h at 150 DEG C, obtained electrode slice;
2, be that the electrode slice of 50 μm is as positive pole using coating layer thickness, be that the electrode slice of 200 μm is as negative pole using coating layer thickness, with polyvinyl alcohol membranes, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, pole piece coiling machine is adopted the pole piece of two panels 1.5cm × 6.0cm to be prepared into Horizontal electrode, vacuumize 24h at 150 DEG C; In argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), the Horizontal electrode of drying is packaged in stainless steel battery case, the carbonic allyl ester solution adding the tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate of 1.5mol/L is electrolyte, make electrolyte not have electrode, rolled electrode cell package machine is prepared into Wound capacitor; Wound capacitor is placed on electrochemical test, with 5.0mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 5 0.0V ~ 4.0V, obtained electric field activated form Wound capacitor.
At 3.0V rated operational voltage, current density 20.0mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
1,100gBET specific area 500m is got
2/ g, interlamellar spacing (d
002) be the pyrolytic graphite of 0.385nm, 15g butadiene-styrene rubber and 35g sodium carboxymethylcellulose are binder, 50g natural flake graphite is conductive agent, add 60g deionized water, 12h is mixed in refiner, with spreader after corrosive aluminum foil surface-coated thickness is the coating of 100 μm, vacuumize 48h at 80 DEG C, obtained electrode slice.
2, obtained electrode slice is cut into the positive pole of rectangular sheet as electrode and the negative pole of electrode of two panels 2.0cm × 10.0cm, with fibreglass diaphragm, positive pole and negative pole are intercepted, adopt pole piece coiling mechanism standby one-tenth Horizontal electrode, vacuumize 24h at 120 DEG C; In argon gas atmosphere glove box (water, oxygen content≤10ppm), the Horizontal electrode of drying is packaged in stainless steel battery case, add the carbonic allyl ester solution of tetrafluoro boric acid tetramethyl-ammonium, make electrolyte not have electrode, rolled electrode cell package machine is prepared into Wound capacitor; Wound capacitor is placed on electrochemical capacitance tester, with 10.0mA/cm
2current density, carries out the constant current charge-discharge electric field activation of 10 0.0V ~ 3.5V, obtained electric field activated form Wound capacitor.
At 2.5V rated operational voltage, current density 50mA/cm
2under, carry out 50 constant current charge-discharge tests, Electrochemical Detection data are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 electrochemical data