CN102683035A - Carbon nanometer electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Carbon nanometer electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102683035A
CN102683035A CN2012101353637A CN201210135363A CN102683035A CN 102683035 A CN102683035 A CN 102683035A CN 2012101353637 A CN2012101353637 A CN 2012101353637A CN 201210135363 A CN201210135363 A CN 201210135363A CN 102683035 A CN102683035 A CN 102683035A
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carbon nano
electrode material
graphene
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CN102683035B (en
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骞伟中
余云涛
郑超
孔垂岩
崔超婕
许骛然
魏飞
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon nanometer electrode material for a super capacitor and a preparation method thereof. The carbon nanometer electrode material is formed by hybridization of a single-wall carbon nanometer tube or a double-wall carbon nanometer tube and 1-3 layers of graphene. The carbon nanometer electrode material is prepared by placing the single-wall carbon nanometer tube or the double-wall carbon nanometer tube and 1-3 layers of graphene in ionic liquid and performing stirring, ultrasound or squeezing on the liquid. The preparation method is few in procedures, free of impurities, small in loss, high in purity and low in cost and can prepare the high-performance nanometer electrode material for the super capacitor in batch mode. The manufactured super capacitor can work under the voltage of 4v-6.5v, and energy density based on the carbon nanometer electrode material can reach as high as 220Wh/kg.

Description

A kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric conducting material technical field, particularly a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is a kind of equipment that utilizes electrochemical capacitance principle to come store electrical energy; Has the power density height; Advantages such as long service life can be used as the storage (like wind energy and tidal energy) of erratic current, and the standby lighting power supply of the large-scale vehicles (like steamer or aircraft) etc.But compare with lithium ion battery, the energy density of ultracapacitor is lower, and its application at aspects such as the vehicles and mobile electronic devices receives certain limitation.
Present business-like electrode material mainly is an activated carbon, but active carbon can only be used for the capacitor of operating voltage less than 3 V.And the Graphene of SWCN, double-walled carbon nano-tube and 1 layer ~ 3 layers has steady chemical structure, and specific area is big, and the characteristics that conductivity is good are regarded as the ideal electrode material of the capacitor of making high-energy-density of future generation.But the diameter of SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube is little, and the Van der Waals force between the tube and tube is strong, is prone to bunchy and difficult the dispersion; And 1 layer ~ 3 layers Graphene just becomes multi-layer graphene after mutually superimposed; Both of these case all causes specific area to reduce, and capacitive property descends.The hybrid of one or more that present up-to-date research thinking is preparation SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube and Graphene; Utilize the two various structure characteristic; After having formed the alternate structure of a layer graphene and one deck SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube, just can overcome the two shortcoming separately.But directly prepare the method for this hybrid at present, productive rate is low, and purity is low, and the number of plies of the wall number of CNT and Graphene is wayward.Utilize SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube behind graphene oxide and the functionalization to carry out self assembly, can form similar structure, but when under high voltage, using, need in hot environment, further remove various functional groups.And high temperature action causes the structure of gained to be reunited, and the dispersion effect in ion liquid type electrolyte is not good, and this method treatment step is long simultaneously, and yield is low, and is with high costs.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that the present invention is directed to above-mentioned electrode material and preparation method thereof has been carried out the improvement of novelty, has proposed a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor; It is characterized in that: said carbon nano-electrode material is formed by SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube and Graphene hydridization; Wherein the content of SWCN is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%; The content of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%, and the content of Graphene is 1 wt% ~ 99 wt%.
The invention still further relates to the above-mentioned preparation method who is used for the carbon nano-electrode material of ultracapacitor, it is characterized in that: these method concrete steps are following:
With CNT and Graphene in oxygen content less than 0.5 ppm; In the environment of water content less than 1 ppm; Be scattered in 20 ℃ ~ 80 ℃ ionic liquid (the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl piperidines; In the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of trimethyl third ammonium, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether and the two fluoroform sulfimide salt plasma liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole one or more) in, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 1% ~ 20%.About 1 h ~ of mechanical agitation is 20 hours under the speed of 100 rpm ~ 4000 rpm; Or the carbon nano-electrode material mixed back sonic oscillation 1 h ~ 24 hours with ionic liquid; Or, extrude with screw extruder with after carbon nano-electrode material and the grinding of ion liquid mixture process; Or the combination of above-mentioned two or three method, thereby prepare a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, ion liquid dielectric property is strong, can overcome the Van der Waals force of list/double-walled carbon nano-tube interfascicular, and the electrostatic force between 1 layer ~ 3 layer graphenes, thereby effectively obtains the two alternate hybrid structure.Because the ionic liquid body is exactly the desirable electrolyte of high voltage ultracapacitor; So the mixture of itself and carbon nano-electrode material just can directly be used to construct capacitor; So not only make the preparation process of hybrid simplify; Also make the ultracapacitor preparation process shorten, its cost is than the cost low 60% ~ 90% with prepared this type hybrid of traditional graphene oxide method.
2, disperse to obtain the hybrid of carbon nano-electrode material through ionic liquid after, just can directly use, all processes do not need at high temperature to operate, therefore the easy maintenance of structure of resulting list/double-walled carbon nano-tube and Graphene hybrid.Therefore, with the hybrid of this method preparation this type hybrid, when being used for ultracapacitor, can improve 0.5 times ~ 1.5 times based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material than traditional graphene oxide method preparation.
3, disperse to prepare the method for carbon nano-electrode material through ionic liquid, than the method through this type of catalyst method in-situ preparing material, preparation temperature is low, and product purity is high.Therefore prepare the carbon nano-electrode material with this method and will descend 4 times ~ 10 times than cost through this type of catalyst method in-situ preparing material.
4, disperse to prepare the method for carbon nano-electrode material through ionic liquid; Highly purified list/the double-walled carbon nano-tube that can use any preparation method to obtain; And highly purified 1 layer ~ 3 layers Graphene for preparing of any method; Therefore do not receive the restriction of process of the method (like graphite arc method or chemical vapour deposition technique) of any direct this class formation of preparation, have scalable characteristic.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor and preparation method thereof, the present invention further specified below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The SWCN (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 1.2 nm, and length is 50 nm) of 1 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 100 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 19 wt% of 80 wt% (are of a size of 3300 nm 2) join in 60 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 20%.In oxygen content is 0.1 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.1 ppm, gets final product in 24 hours with the speed mechanical agitation of 100 rpm.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 6.5 V is 200 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 2
The SWCN (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 2.3 nm, and length is 100 μ m) of 10 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 3 nm ~ 6 nm, and length is 50 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 20 wt% of 70 wt% (are of a size of 900 μ m 2) join in 40 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl piperidines, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 1%.In oxygen content is 0.3 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.3 ppm, grinds after 14 hours, extrudes with screw extruder to get final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 5.5 V is 145 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 3
The SWCN (external diameter is 0.8 nm ~ 1.2 nm, and length is 30 μ m) of 49 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 5 nm, and length is 30 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 50 wt% of 1 wt% (are of a size of 9 μ m 2) join in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid of 80 ℃, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 13%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.3 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 4000 rpm 6 hours, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.2 V is 96 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 4
The SWCN (external diameter is 1.2 nm ~ 2 nm, and length is 3 μ m) of 70 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 5 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 10 wt% of 20 wt% (are of a size of 9 μ m 2) join in 50 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 18%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.1 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 4000 rpm 24 hours, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.5 V is 102 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 5
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 5 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 10 wt% of 90 wt% (are of a size of 5 μ m 2) join in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid of 60 ℃, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 14%.In oxygen content is 0.25 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 6 hours, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.2 V is 90 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 6
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 5 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 50 wt% of 50 wt% (are of a size of 36 μ m 2) join in 30 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 4%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, grinds after 2 hours, extrudes through screw extruder to get final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.5 V is 89 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 7
SWCN (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 10 μ m) and three layer graphenes of 50 wt% of 50 wt% (are of a size of 100 μ m 2) join in 20 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl piperidines, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 2%.In oxygen content is 0.4 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.9 ppm, grinds after 8 hours, extrudes through screw extruder to get final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 5.5 V is 116 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 8
The double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 6 μ m) of 30 wt%, the single-layer graphene of 30 wt% (are of a size of 500 μ m 2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 40 wt% (be of a size of 25 μ m 2) join in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid of 30 ℃, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 16%.In oxygen content is 0.35 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 20 hours, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4 V is 78 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 9
The SWCN (external diameter is 1 nm ~ 2 nm, and length is 60 μ m) of 30 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 60 μ m) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 40 wt% of 20 wt% (are of a size of 300 nm 2) join in 50 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 2%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.9 ppm, sonic oscillation 20 hours, and the process screw extruder is extruded and is got final product again.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.5 V is 80 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 10
The SWCN (external diameter is 1 nm ~ 2 nm, and length is 30 nm) of 60 wt%, double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 1.8 nm ~ 6 nm, and length is 30 nm) and three layer graphenes of 39 wt% of 1 wt% (are of a size of 900 nm 2) join in 40 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 6%.In oxygen content is 0.4 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, sonic oscillation 20 hours, and the process screw extruder is extruded and is got final product again.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 5.5 V is 170 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 11
The SWCN (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 1 μ m) of 50 wt%, the single-layer graphene of 5 wt% (are of a size of 10 μ m 2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 45 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m 2) join in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid of 40 ℃, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 9%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 500 rpm 1 hour, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.2 V is 95 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 12
The SWCN (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 1 μ m) of 50 wt%, the single-layer graphene of 5 wt% (are of a size of 10 μ m 2) and the double-layer graphite alkene of 45 wt% (be of a size of 9 μ m 2) join in 70 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of trimethyl third ammonium, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 9%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, and first sonic oscillation 1 hour again with the speed mechanical agitation of 2000 rpm 24 hours, is extruded through screw extruder and got final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 5.5 V is 120 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 13
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 6 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 1 wt% of 99 wt% (are of a size of 50 nm 2) join in 70 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 16%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.8 ppm, with the speed mechanical agitation of 3000 rpm 20 hours, extrudes through screw extruder and gets final product.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 6.0 V is 179 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 14
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 4 nm, and length is 1 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 1 wt% of 99 wt% (are of a size of 500 nm 2) join in 20 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 8%.In oxygen content is 0.4 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.7 ppm, grinds 20 hours, extrudes through screw extruder to get final product again.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.2 V is 220 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 15
SWCN (external diameter is 1.5 nm ~ 2.3 nm, and length is 30 nm) and the single-layer graphene of 99 wt% of 1 wt% (are of a size of 600 nm 2) join in 60 ℃ the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 10%.In oxygen content is 0.2 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.2 ppm, grinds 20 hours, extrudes through screw extruder to get final product again.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 5.5 V is 150 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.
Embodiment 16
Double-walled carbon nano-tube (external diameter is 2 nm ~ 5 nm, and length is 30 μ m) and the single-layer graphene of 99 wt% of 1 wt% (are of a size of 50 nm 2) join in 30 ℃ the mixed ionic liquid of the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 50 wt% of 50 wt%, the total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 10%.In oxygen content is 0.3 ppm, and water content is in the environment of 0.5 ppm, grinds 20 hours, extrudes through screw extruder to get final product again.With carbon nano-electrode material and ion liquid mixture knifing, the preparation ultracapacitor.When work under 4.2 V is 150 Wh/kg based on the energy density of carbon nano-electrode material.

Claims (4)

1. carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor; It is characterized in that: said carbon nano-electrode material is formed by one or more and Graphene hydridization of SWCN or double-walled carbon nano-tube; The content of said SWCN is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%; The content of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 0 wt% ~ 99 wt%, and the content of Graphene is 1 wt% ~ 99 wt%.
2. a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the external diameter of said SWCN is 0.8 nm ~ 2.3 nm, and length is 30 nm ~ 100 μ m; The external diameter of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 1.8 nm ~ 6 nm, and length is 30 nm ~ 100 μ m, and the number of plies of Graphene is 1 layer ~ 3 layers, and Graphene is of a size of 300 nm 2~ 900 μ m 2
3. the preparation method of the described carbon nano-electrode material of claim 1, it is characterized in that: these method concrete steps are following:
With CNT and Graphene in oxygen content less than 0.5 ppm; In the environment of water content less than 1 ppm; Be scattered in 20 ℃ ~ 80 ℃ the ionic liquid; The total weight of controlling all carbon nano-electrode materials is ion liquid 1% ~ 20%, and about 1 h ~ of mechanical agitation is 20 hours under the speed of 100 rpm ~ 4000 rpm; Or the carbon nano-electrode material mixed back sonic oscillation 1 h ~ 24 hours with ionic liquid; Or, extrude with screw extruder with after carbon nano-electrode material and the grinding of ion liquid mixture process; Or the combination of above-mentioned two or three method, thereby prepare a kind of carbon nano-electrode material that is used for ultracapacitor.
4. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said ionic liquid is one or more in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl pyrrolidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of N-methyl butyl piperidines, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of trimethyl third ammonium, the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of diethyl first QAE quaternary aminoethyl methyl ether and the two fluoroform sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole.
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