CN102669316B - Production method of charcoal-baked tea - Google Patents
Production method of charcoal-baked tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN102669316B CN102669316B CN2012101818780A CN201210181878A CN102669316B CN 102669316 B CN102669316 B CN 102669316B CN 2012101818780 A CN2012101818780 A CN 2012101818780A CN 201210181878 A CN201210181878 A CN 201210181878A CN 102669316 B CN102669316 B CN 102669316B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of charcoal-baked tea. The production method comprises the steps of sunning, fermentation, de-enzyming, modeling, drying, shaping and baking, wherein baking is realized in the way that dried and shaped tea leaves are placed in a tea leaf baking device for baking; burning charcoal providing a heat source for baking can be olive nucleus charcoal, peach pit charcoal, apricot kernel charcoal or/and wood charcoal; charcoal ash covers the burning charcoal during heating; the thickness of the charcoal ash is adjusted according to the required temperature, the temperature is controlled within 100-170 DEG C, and the time is 30-36 hours; and in the burning charcoal, the weight of the olive nucleus charcoal, peach pit charcoal or apricot kernel charcoal is 10-100 percent of the total weight of the burning charcoal. According to the invention, a traditional open baking furnace replaces an electrothermal baking machine, and the olive nucleus charcoal is adopted for baking, so that compared with an electrically baked tea, the prepared charcoal-baked tea shows the tea perfume and tea water, which are different from those of the electrically baked tea, and charcoal-baked tea which is baked for a long time can take a more obvious health-care effect than the electrically baked tea which is baked for a short time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tea making technology field, especially a kind of production method that comprises the combustion charcoal charcoal roasting tea of dento liva charcoal, peach-pit charcoal or almond charcoal.
Background technology
Along with epoch people's living standard raising, the health care of self is also more and more paid attention to.Tea is a kind of traditional health beverages of China.The main process of manufacture craft can be divided into: solarization young worker order, fermentation procedure, the operation that completes, plastotype operation, drying and shaping operation, essence are chosen operation and are cured operation.Used utensil is traditional bamboo air blue bamboo sieve, bamboo blue or green utensil and modern cooking-pot type complete stove, slot type plastotype machine, box drying and setting machine and the enameling furnace made of stones of shaking.And all process steps before the drying and shaping operation all is in order further to make tea-drying, fermentation.Extract the fragrance of tealeaves itself by these operations and make high-quality tea.And use these high-quality tea to cure operation as the basis, make (warm nature) charcoal roasting tea that protects the stomach health care.But present (warm nature) electricity roasting tea is to be made by the electric heating curer.The effect that keeps healthy is unsatisfactory, and the problem that ubiquity fragrance is not enough and tea is hard and light, influences quality of tea leaves.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of production method that can effectively improve charcoal roasting tea quality.
The present invention, comprise and shine young worker's order, fermentation procedure, the operation that completes, plastotype operation, drying and shaping operation and cure operation, it is characterized in that: the described operation of curing refers to that the tealeaves after the drying and shaping is put into the tea baking device to be cured, for cure provide the combustion of thermal source charcoal be dento liva charcoal, peach-pit charcoal, almond charcoal or and charcoal, combustion charcoal when heating covering charcoal ash on the combustion charcoal, the thickness of adjustment charcoal ash as required, temperature control is between 100 ~ 170 ° of C, and the time is 30 ~ 36 hours; In described combustion charcoal, dento liva charcoal, peach-pit charcoal or almond charcoal account for 10 ~ 100% of combustion charcoal gross weight.
The present invention, the described operation of curing comprises following several stages: the phase I: 140 ~ 150 ℃ of temperature, the time is 4 ~ 5 hours; Second stage: 160 ~ 170 ℃ of temperature, the time is 5 ~ 6 hours; Phase III: 140 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 13 ~ 15 hours; The quadravalence section: 100 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 8 ~ 10 hours.In each adjusting temperature, must stir and sieve tea dust to the tealeaves in the bamboo cage, continue again to cure, the tealeaves in the bamboo cage is heated equably.
About tealeaves degree of fermentation problem, in the tealeaves of selling on the existing market, green tea fermentation composition 0%; Fermentation of black tea composition 95%; Black tea fermented ingredient 80%; Blue or green tea (oolong tea) fermented ingredient 60%-70%; Yellow tea fermented ingredient 85%; White tea fermented ingredient 5%-10%.
The present invention, the described tealeaves that is used for curing, its degree of fermentation control is 50 ~ 60%, adopting the tealeaves attenuation degree of air-conditioning fermenting cellar fermentation is 30%, and the tealeaves that is used for curing adopts traditional no air-conditioning fermenting cellar, can impel the tealeaves fermentation greatly, make the tealeaves that cures out more fragrant, dense, pure.
The present invention, the device that is used for tea baking, by combustion charcoal stove with cure bamboo cage and constitute, described combustion charcoal stove contains body of heater, in burner hearth below, be provided for holding the grate of combustion charcoal, on the body of heater below the grate, be provided with fire door, in the outside of body of heater, be provided with the asbestos heat-insulation layer, the outside of asbestos heat-insulation layer is outer jacket.The described bamboo cage that cures for ` comprises tubular cage body, accounts for the 1/4-1/3 place of cage height degree below tubular cage body, is provided with the bamboo sieve for tea curing, above tubular cage body, is provided with the bamboo lid, and the bamboo side of covering is provided with handgrip.
The present invention, if the described combustion charcoal that is used for curing all adopts the dento liva charcoal, the temperature height of dento liva charcoal can be the volatilization of the harmful components in the tealeaves,, peculiar smell residual as farming; Anti-burning reduces and often changes the operation of charcoal, thereby makes the process of operation more time saving and energy saving, and special olive fragrance is arranged, and can allow tealeaves absorb the natural fragrance that the dento liva charcoal distributes fully in the process of curing.If add a certain proportion of charcoal in the combustion charcoal, then the organoleptic indicator of its tealeaves cures tea and pure dento liva charcoal cures between the tea between pure charcoal.If adopt peach-pit charcoal or almond charcoal to be used for tea curing, then be again the charcoal roasting tea of another kind of local flavor.
The present invention, in common ripe fiery tea preparation method, replace the electric heating curer with traditional open enameling furnace, and adopt the dento liva charcoal to cure for fire, its charcoal roasting tea of making is compared with electricity roasting tea, give prominence to the difference of tea perfume (or spice), tea and the electricity roasting tea of charcoal roasting tea more, and the electricity that the charcoal that cures for a long time roasting tea cured than the short time bakes the effect that tea more can reach health care.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the tea baking apparatus structure schematic diagram that embodiment 1 adopts.
Among the figure, 11, body of heater; 12, grate; 13, fire door; 14, asbestos heat-insulation layer; 15, outer jacket; 21, tubular cage body; 22, bamboo sieve; 23, Zhu Gai; 24, handgrip; 31, combustion charcoal; 32, charcoal ash; 41, tealeaves.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:A kind of production method of charcoal roasting tea comprises and adopts young worker's order, shines young worker's order, fermentation procedure, the operation that completes, plastotype operation, drying and shaping operation and cure operation, wherein:
(1) adopt young worker's order: the plucking time section of tealeaves is preferably fine day point ~ 4 point in afternoon 1, the tealeaves of the Cai Zhaiing moisture that the most at the uniform velocity to spue during this period of time, be commonly called as and leak water, impel fermentation, the fresh and tender degree of tealeaves is moderate, and keeps the harvesting mode of three leaves, one core, if at the hot weather that surpasses 35 ℃, the tealeaves that leaves the tea clump does not surpass 40 ~ 50 minutes residence time, otherwise can cause the tealeaves necrosis, can't ferment.
(2) shine young worker's order: pluck the tealeaves of returning and be tiled on the bamboo sieve, too not thick, thickness≤1.5cm, will spread solarization uniformly as far as possible, keep being heated evenly, the tealeaves that solarization is put reaches Microsoft and just will pack up with hard effect, if the weather sweltering heat need be taken shady and cool local spreading for cooling to, must guard against the tealeaves of suffocating, cause the necrosis of tealeaves structure, do not leak water, azymic.
(3) fermentation procedure: fermentation is the main process that tealeaves produces natural flavor, be to hocket by shaking and leave standstill repeated multiple times, tealeaves is put into bamboo vibration machine (existing general tea making equipment) to be shaken with the bamboo face and bumps, rubs, thereby transpiring moisture, put the bamboo sieve standing for fermentation of fermenting cellar then into, tealeaves needs shaking with standing for fermentation of three phases to produce smell.For the first time be to carry out when tealeaves shines well, the time of shaking is 2 ~ 3 minutes, treats can put into when tealeaves sends grass smell the fermenting cellar standing for fermentation, phase I can be placed thicker tealeaves at the bamboo sieve, thickness is 3 ~ 4cm, and fermentation time is 90 ~ 120 minutes, makes its sultry transpiring moisture that impels; The time that second stage is shaken is 6 ~ 9 minutes, and tealeaves reaches little hard band fragrance and gets final product, and the placement thickness of tealeaves is identical with the thickness of phase I, and fermentation time is 120 ~ 140 minutes; The time of shaking of phase III is 20 ~ 30 minutes, when tealeaves reach green in thoroughly red, tea branch also become blush, appearing light fragrance gets final product, it should be noted that the tealeaves placement thickness after shaking for the third time must be thin. not overlapping as far as possible, thickness is≤1cm, time is 10 ~ 15 hours, and the tealeaves attenuation degree reaches 50 ~ 60%.The operation that completes then, being used for the tealeaves attenuation degree that charcoal roasting tea makes must reach more than 50%, thus do not adopt air conditioning chamber's fermentation, and adopt nature normal temperature fermentation mode.
(4) operation that completes: the situation that needs frequent observation fermenting cellar, operation can complete when the taste in the fermenting cellar reaches light, the tealeaves that ferments is put into complete stove high temperature rolling of cooking-pot type to complete, temperature control is at 220 ~ 240 ℃, the time of rolling is to get final product in 50 ~ 70 seconds, the tealeaves that completes must be kneaded, ripe dried broken leaf breaks away from dark brownish green around making tealeaves, prevent mummification, the process of kneading is for a long time unsuitable, got final product in 20 seconds, and the tealeaves of kneading was out screened clean tea dust with bamboo griddle can carry out plastotype fixation operation at last.
(5) plastotype operation: come back operations 30 ~ 35 times with slot type plastotype machine and purl machine, process is must speed fast, can not place too for a long time vexed in tealeaves, the process repeatedly sieve remove tea dust in the tealeaves, be round shape to tealeaves and get final product.
(6) drying and shaping operation: the tealeaves that will mould type rapidly is positioned on the baking plaque uniformly, thickness is 2 ~ 4cm, thickness must be consistent, putting into box drying and setting machine dries, bake out temperature is 90 ~ 95 ℃, must have 3.5 ~ 4 hours drying course to make the most evaporation of moisture of tealeaves.
(7) essence is chosen operation: pick the tea branch of tealeaves and older tealeaves, the taste that it is drunk is more unified, and tea is glycol more.
(8) cure operation: the device that is used for tea curing with reference to Fig. 1, constitute by firing the charcoal stove and curing bamboo cage, described combustion charcoal stove contains body of heater 11, below in burner hearth, be provided for holding the grate 12 of combustion charcoal, on the body of heater below the grate 12, be provided with fire door, in the outside of body of heater 11, be provided with asbestos heat-insulation layer 14, the outside of asbestos heat-insulation layer 14 is outer jacket 15.Describedly cure the tubular cage body 21 that bamboo cage contains little rough waist shape, below tubular cage body 21, account for 1/4 ~ 1/3 place of cage height degree, be provided with the bamboo sieve 23 for tea curing, the aperture of bamboo sieve above tubular cage body 21, is provided with bamboo lid 23 less than the granularity of tealeaves, the lid of bamboo lid for breathing freely, make it in the process of curing, the convection current of hot gas energy, the bamboo side of covering is provided with handgrip 24.Tealeaves 41 is put into bamboo cage stand on the enameling furnace and cure, the thickness of the tealeaves that at every turn cures is advisable with 10 ~ 20cm.Provide the combustion of thermal source charcoal for selecting full dento liva charcoal 31 for use for curing, during heating on the dento liva charcoal covering charcoal ash 32, the thickness of adjustment charcoal ash as required, described temperature refers to that bamboo sieves the temperature of 23 belows, cure and comprise following several stages: the phase I: 140 ~ 150 ℃ of temperature, the time is 4 ~ 5 hours; Second stage: 160 ~ 170 ℃ of temperature, the time is 5 ~ 6 hours; Phase III: 140 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 13 ~ 15 hours; The quadravalence section: 100 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 8 ~ 10 hours.Must to tealeaves bamboo cage in stir and sieve tea dust when regulating temperature at every turn and just can continue to cure, make the tealeaves thermally equivalent in the bamboo cage.
In the charcoal roasting tealeaves by the present embodiment preparation, the every index that contains all meets pollution-free food A grade standard (pollution-free food company information sign indicating number: GF445281111138).
Embodiment 2(reference examples): a kind of production method that bakes tea, wherein, fermentation procedure adopts the air-conditioning fermenting cellar fermentation of prior art, and attenuation degree is 30% when completing operation.Except fermentation procedure, all the other operations and operation are corresponding identical or close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3(reference examples): a kind of production method that bakes tea, wherein, cure operation and adopt the charcoal of prior art to cure as thermal source.All the other operations and operation are corresponding identical or close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4(reference examples): a kind of production method that bakes tea, wherein, cure the temperature and time that cures in the operation and be adjusted into the phase I: 140 ~ 150 ℃ of temperature, the time is 5 hours; Second stage: 160 ~ 170 ℃ of temperature, the time is 8 ~ 9 hours; Phase III: 140 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 10 hours; The quadravalence section: 100 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 8 hours.All the other operations and operation are corresponding identical or close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5(reference examples): a kind of production method that bakes tea, wherein, to cure operation and adopt electric heating curer tea curing, process is 150 ℃ of temperature, the time is 17 hours.All the other operations and operation are corresponding identical or close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 1 ~ 5 products obtained therefrom is detected according to Ministry of Agriculture's NY5196-2002 standard, and its result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1:
? | Lead content (mg/kg) | Copper content (mg/kg) | Residues of pesticides |
Embodiment 1 | 0.1 | 13.4 | Qualified |
Embodiment 2 | 0.2 | 13.8 | Qualified |
Embodiment 3 | 0.3 | 14.4 | Qualified |
Embodiment 4 | 0.1 | 14.0 | Qualified |
Embodiment 5 | 0.5 | 15.2 | Qualified |
Table 2 is the organoleptic indicator of embodiment 1 ~ 5 products obtained therefrom:
Table 2:
? | The soup look | Fragrance | Flavour | Profile |
Embodiment 1 | Dark red limpid | Olive fragrance | The gentle alcohol of tea has back sweet | Pitch-black bright even |
Embodiment 2 | Red partially limpid | Olive fragrance | The gentle alcohol of tea is light partially | Pitch-black bright even |
Embodiment 3 | Dark red limpid | Giving off a strong fragrance | The gentle alcohol of tea | Black bright |
Embodiment 4 | Dark red | Obscure have perfume (or spice) | Tea has back sweet firmly | Pitch-black bright |
Embodiment 5 | Little red inclined to one side Huang | Delicate fragrance | Tea is puckery firmly partially | Yellow black inhomogeneous |
Can find out obviously that from last table every organoleptic indicator of embodiment 1 products obtained therefrom obviously is better than embodiment 2 ~ 5(reference examples) every organoleptic indicator.
Claims (3)
1. the production method of charcoal roasting tea, comprise and shine young worker's order, fermentation procedure, the operation that completes, plastotype operation, drying and shaping operation and cure operation, it is characterized in that: the described operation of curing refers to that the tealeaves after the drying and shaping is put into the tea baking device to be cured, the combustion of thermal source charcoal is provided is that dento liva charcoal, peach-pit charcoal, almond charcoal are or/and charcoal in order to cure, combustion charcoal when heating covering charcoal ash on the combustion charcoal, the thickness of adjustment charcoal ash as required, temperature control is between 100 ~ 170 ° of C, and the time is 30 ~ 36 hours; In described combustion charcoal, dento liva charcoal, peach-pit charcoal or almond charcoal account for 10 ~ 100% of combustion charcoal gross weight; The described operation of curing comprises following several stages: the phase I: 140 ~ 150 ℃ of temperature, and the time is 4 ~ 5 hours; Second stage: 160 ~ 170 ℃ of temperature, the time is 5 ~ 6 hours; Phase III: 140 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 13 ~ 15 hours; The quadravalence section: 100 ~ 120 ℃ of temperature, the time is 8 ~ 10 hours; Described fermentation procedure is tealeaves to be put into bamboo vibration machine shake with the bamboo face and bump, rub, thereby transpiring moisture, put the bamboo sieve standing for fermentation of fermenting cellar then into, described fermentation comprises following several stages: the phase I is to carry out when tealeaves shines well, the time of shaking is 2 ~ 3 minutes, treat to put into when tealeaves sends grass smell the fermenting cellar standing for fermentation, it is 3 ~ 4cm that the phase I is placed tealeaves thickness at the bamboo sieve, and fermentation time is 90 ~ 120 minutes; The time that second stage is shaken is 6 ~ 9 minutes, puts into the fermenting cellar standing for fermentation when tealeaves reaches little hard band fragrance, and the placement thickness of tealeaves is identical with the thickness of phase I, and the time is 120 ~ 140 minutes; The time of shaking of phase III is 20 ~ 30 minutes, when tealeaves reach green in thoroughly red, tea principal deformation become blush, put into the fermenting cellar standing for fermentation when appearing light fragrance, phase III is placed tealeaves thickness≤1cm at the bamboo sieve, and the time is 10 ~ 15 hours, and the tealeaves attenuation degree reaches 50 ~ 60%.
2. bake the production method of tea according to the described charcoal of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tea baking device constitutes by firing the charcoal stove and curing bamboo cage, described combustion charcoal stove contains body of heater (11), below in burner hearth, be provided for holding the grate (12) of combustion charcoal, on the body of heater of grate (12) below, be provided with fire door, it is characterized in that: the outside in body of heater (11), be provided with asbestos heat-insulation layer (14), the outside of asbestos heat-insulation layer (14) is outer jacket (15).
3. bake the production method of tea according to the described charcoal of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described bamboo cage that cures contains tubular cage body (21), account for the 1/4-1/3 place of cage height degree in tubular cage body (21) below, be provided with the bamboo sieve (22) for tea curing, top at tubular cage body (21), be provided with bamboo lid (23), the bamboo side of covering is provided with handgrip (24).
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CN107912557A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-17 | 广西顺来茶业有限公司 | A kind of black tea preparation method containing white orchid |
CN110432343A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 夏云烟 | A kind of white tea curve withers the production technology of tune |
CN110403029A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-05 | 夏云烟 | A kind of charcoal-baked tea production technology |
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