CN102661982B - Method for quickly determining compost rotten degree - Google Patents

Method for quickly determining compost rotten degree Download PDF

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CN102661982B
CN102661982B CN201210118480.2A CN201210118480A CN102661982B CN 102661982 B CN102661982 B CN 102661982B CN 201210118480 A CN201210118480 A CN 201210118480A CN 102661982 B CN102661982 B CN 102661982B
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CN102661982A (en
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袁勇
周顺桂
陶亚
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Fujian Zhiqing Ecological Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Guangdong Institute of Eco Environment and Soil Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly determining the compost rotten degree. In the method, the compost rotten degree can be determined by simply determining the electrochemical quality of water-soluble organic matter, and the determining result and the seed germination indication are of high consistency, which shows that the method provided by the invention can indicate the compost rotten degree accurately and quickly.

Description

A kind of method of determining fast compost maturity
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of compost maturity, particularly a kind of method of determining fast compost maturity.
Background technology
In the discarded object that house refuse, food processing discarded object and food industry residue etc. are produced by mankind's activity, contain a large amount of organic materials, semi-invariant is large, and conventional landfill not only can take the land resource of a large amount of preciousnesses, is also a kind of huge wasting of resources.
Compost is to utilize microorganism to decompose organic matter, obtains the compost product that resourcebility utilizes.Compost environmental protection, invests lowly, simple to operate, has very large advantage at these discarded objects of delete and undelete as new material or biogenic field, is one of optimal path of the organic curing discarded object of current recycling treatment.
In composting process, the organic material that gives up can be converted into the compost soil organism, improve the fertility of soil, improve soil texture, and then improve crop yield.And in prematurity or fresh compost, contain a large amount of organic solid castoffs unconverted or that do not transform completely, after using, can produce poisoning effect by plant, harm environment.Therefore, compost maturity is a key index of soil practical application.
Compost is a complicated biochemical reaction process, and the biochemical reaction, the product that relate to are various, and the material in composting process changes extremely complicated, and the decision method of compost maturity is also varied.
The decision method of conventional compost maturity has plant germination and growth test, determines compost maturity by germination index.The method complicated operation, only the judgement of germination index just needs 48～72h, cannot determine fast rotten degree, causes accurately controlling the compost time, affects the efficiency of compost.Also there is the maturation that uses additive method and parameter also to can be used to evaluate compost, comprise physical method, chemistry and biological nature, as the variation of carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrogenous source change, cation exchange capacity, optical density, thermogravimetry, Sol common vetch tower (Solvita) experiment, Microorganism respiration, microbial population, enzymatic activity etc.But, these methods of great majority, the time cycle is long and labour intensity is large, also may need expensive instrument.
Research finds, in the process of compost, an organic part finally change into stable complicated large molecule dissociant, as humic acid (HS), in compost maturity and compost composting process, degree of humification is closely related.As adopting humic acid molecular weight, Tomati etc. changes as compost maturity index; Amir etc. indicate with the variation of the chemical constitution of the humic acid in sludge composting process; In the discovery composting process such as Zmora-Nahum, Water Soluble Organic Carbon (DOC) is the simple and clear parameter of a definite compost maturation, and wherein every kilogram of compost mud increases the threshold value of 4 grams of organic carbons as compost maturation.But the same complicated operation of these methods, length consuming time, is difficult to be applied to practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of determining fast compost maturity.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A method of determining fast compost maturity, comprises the steps:
1) from compost matter, sample and extract DOM wherein, obtaining DOM solution;
2) in the DOM solution obtaining, add electrolyte and buffering agent, mix, get rid of the oxygen in mixed liquor, obtain treating test sample;
3) use electrolyte and buffering agent to prepare blank system, and get rid of oxygen wherein;
4) blank system is applied to direct current of voltage regulation to system current stabilization;
5) in blank system, add and treat test sample, apply oxidation or reduction potential, and make current potential transition between oxidation or reduction potential of Different electrodes, measure its electronics transfer amount;
6) according to the data that record, determine compost maturity.
The operation of preferably, extracting DOM from compost matter comprises the steps:
Get quantitative compost matter, mix with ultrapure water, vibration completely, obtains suspending liquid;
Suspending liquid is centrifugal, get supernatant and cross the film that aperture is not more than 0.45 μ m, obtain DOM solution.
Preferably, electrolyte is KCl.
Preferably, buffering agent is NaH 2pO 4.
Calculate the electronic circulation ability (ERR)>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability (EAC) is not less than 1150 μ mol e-(gC) -1, judge compost maturity.
Preferably, the voltage of direct current of voltage regulation is-0.8～+ 0.6V.
Preferably, the voltage of oxidizing potential is-0.2～+ 0.6V.
Preferably, the voltage of reduction potential is-0.8～-0.6V.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, without using expensive instrument, has accuracy high, and error is little, short advantage consuming time.The inventive method can be determined compost maturity rapidly and accurately, can after compost maturity, finish fast compost, can effectively reduce compost time used, improves the reliability of compost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the temperature curve of fertile heap in composting process;
Fig. 2 is the design sketch that the electron transfer capacity of the each stage D OM of compost is measured;
Fig. 3 is the design sketch that the electronic circulation ability of the each stage D OM of compost is measured;
Fig. 4 is the design sketch of the germination index of the each stage D OM of compost.
Embodiment
A method of determining fast compost maturity, comprises the steps:
1) from compost matter, sample and extract DOM wherein, obtaining DOM solution;
2) in the DOM solution obtaining, add electrolyte and buffering agent, mix, get rid of the oxygen in mixed liquor, obtain treating test sample;
3) use electrolyte and buffering agent to prepare blank system, and get rid of oxygen wherein;
4) blank system is applied to direct current of voltage regulation to system current stabilization;
5) in blank system, add and treat test sample, apply oxidation or reduction potential, and make current potential transition between oxidation or reduction potential of Different electrodes, measure its electronics transfer amount;
6) according to the data that record, determine compost maturity.
The operation of preferably, extracting DOM from compost matter comprises the steps:
Get quantitative compost matter, mix with ultrapure water, vibration completely, obtains suspending liquid;
Suspending liquid is centrifugal, get supernatant and cross the film that aperture is not more than 0.45 μ m, obtain DOM solution.
Preferably, electrolyte is KCl.Certainly, also can use other electrolyte.
Preferably, buffering agent is NaH 2pO 4.Certainly, also can use other buffering agent to be.
Calculate the electronic circulation ability (ERR)>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability (EAC) is not less than 1150 μ mol e-(gC) -1, judge compost maturity.
For ensureing the reliability of data and the convenience of operation, the voltage of direct current of voltage regulation is preferably-0.8～+ 0.6V; The voltage of oxidizing potential is preferably-0.2～+ 0.6V; The voltage of reduction potential is preferably-0.8～-0.6V.
Compost model:
Composting material is that mud 1000kg (from the anaerobic pond sewage sludge of experiment sewage treatment plant), rice bran 200kg, former fertilizer 460kg mix, and adopting C/N is 24, and humidity is 56%, carries out composting 40 days in compost pond.After 9 days, twice of turning every day is to keep oxygen level in fertile heap to reach the aerobic gas of Institute of Micro-biology.
Distinguish composting process progress by measuring the temperature of compost zones of different every day, and sampled point is specially the lower 60cm of table and 100cm.For obtaining representational sample and analysis result, take respectively the sample of 5 same place of compost, every part of 500g is used as the temperature reading in each stage of compost.
In composting process, the change curve of temperature, as Fig. 1 shows, is typical compost pattern.Temperature be one for monitoring the major parameter of composting process, it has reflected the ability of microbial activities in composting process and reduction pathogen material.The thermophilic temperature of fertile heap reaches 62 DEG C of mxm.s in the time of compost the 3rd day as seen from the figure, and after the 4th day, temperature starts to decline, and by the 23rd day, temperature, lower than 40 DEG C, after 35 days, approached environment temperature substantially.From temperature curve, by the 23rd day, compost became thoroughly decomposed, and from 35 days backward, Water-soluble Organic Substances is substantially complete by microbial consumption.
Determining of compost maturity:
The extraction of DOM:
1) take a certain amount of compost mud, it is mixed with ultrapure water, mixing quality ratio is 1: 5, then the sample mixing is placed on to 20 DEG C of jolting 16h on shaking table;
2) suspending liquid is centrifugal on hydro-extractor, rotating speed is 12000rpm;
3) get the filter membrane of the centrifugal supernatant infiltrate 0.45 μ m obtaining, what obtain is DOM solution.
The mensuration of DOM solution electrochemistry performance:
1) Preparatory work of experiment: be configured to 200mgC/L for the DOM measuring, using 0.1M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1M NaH 2pO 4as buffer solution, pH=7; Blank system adopts 0.1M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1M NaH 2pO 4as buffer solution, pH=7; All solution uses preshoot N 230min deoxidation;
2) coulomb Amperometric Determination electronics receiving ability: at working electrode voltage E hunder the condition of=-0.6V, treat the current stabilization in the blank system of 20ml after (about 30min) add 1ml sample.Draw electronics transfer amount by the area that calculates region electric current-time response;
3) coulomb Amperometric Determination electronics supply capacity: at working electrode voltage E hunder the condition of=+ 0.5V, treat the current stabilization in the blank system of 20ml after (about 30min) add 1ml sample.Draw electronics transfer amount by the area that calculates region electric current-time response;
4) jump rank method of current potential is measured electronic circulation ability: set and jump rank current potential at reduction potential E h=-0.6V and oxidizing potential E h=+0.5V.Jump respectively between two current potentials rank 3 times of blank system and sample, by comparing the area differentiation calculate the electronics transfer amount of DOM in each phase cyclic process electric current-time response in each stage.
Calculate electronic circulation rate: electronic circulation rate be DOM through repeatedly jumping behind rank, the business of stable electron transfer capacity and initial electron transfer capacity.Calculate by following formula
Figure BDA0000155682430000041
The electron transfer capacity measurement result of DOM as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 2, at electrode potential be-condition of 0.6V (vs.Ag/AgCl) under, the electron transfer capacity of compost DOM in each period.EAC is 177～1493 μ mol e-(gC) -1.Can see at the EAC of first 10 days DOM of compost and significantly increasing, reach afterwards a platform, show that EAC and composting process have certain relation.EDC is more much smaller than EAC, and variation does not have regularity yet.
First DOM is reduced under-0.6V (vs.Ag/AgCl) at voltage, is then that 0.5V (vs.Ag/AgCl) is oxidized again at voltage, so circulates 3 times.Experimental result as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 3, circulation EAC for the second time, is for the third time lower for the first time than circulation.In fact, in electronic transfer process, only having portions of electronics is continuously to carry out.These shared ratios of electronics transfer amount that participate in last electronics transfer are electronic circulation rate (ERR), and ERR reached maximal value by the 25th day after compost starts, and then amplitude of variation is corresponding diminishes.
Percentage of seedgermination is measured:
The experiment of harm plant is measured by percentage of seedgermination, adopts compost extract to cultivate seed, and control experiment is ultrapure water.
Detailed step is as follows: be that 7cm filter paper is put into double dish by diameter, select that 20 sizes approach, full celery seed puts into that double dish is dispersed to be left, pipette the compost extract of 5ml in double dish, cover double dish lid, cultivate 3 days in 25 ± 1 DEG C of constant incubators.In the seed germinateing, seminal root length is not very germinateed lower than 2mm.The computing formula of germination index is as follows:
GI = Mean G T Mean G 0 × Mean R T Mean R 0 × 100
In formula, G tthe germination number of sample sets, G 0the germinative number of control group, R tthe root that is sample sets is long, R 0the root that is control group is long.Percentage of seedgermination has reflected the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost, and as Fig. 4, initial percentage of seedgermination is 44%, during to compost the 25th day, has reached 118%, tends towards stability subsequently.
The germination index curve diagram of the each stage sample of compost as shown in Figure 4.
Adopt germination index can react intuitively the potential hazard of compost matter to plant, but the method is consuming time long, is limited to the difference of seed and compost matter, the stability between batch is bad, does not have versatility.
As seen from the figure, the measurement result of the inventive method and germination instruction compost maturity have high consistency.Visible, the inventive method has retained germination index instruction compost maturity advantage intuitively, and has the simple fast ripe advantage such as stable.

Claims (1)

1. a method of determining fast compost maturity, comprises the steps:
1) from compost matter, sample and extract DOM wherein, obtaining DOM solution; The extraction step of DOM is as follows:
A) take a certain amount of compost mud, it is mixed with ultrapure water, mixing quality ratio is 1:5, then the sample mixing is placed on to 20 DEG C of jolting 16h on shaking table;
B) suspending liquid is centrifugal on hydro-extractor, rotating speed is 12000 rpm;
Get the filter membrane of the centrifugal supernatant infiltrate 0.45 μ m obtaining, what obtain is DOM solution;
2) mensuration of DOM solution electrochemistry performance:
A) be configured to 200mgC/L for the DOM measuring, using 0.1 M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1 M NaH 2pO 4as buffer solution, pH=7; Blank system adopts 0.1 M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1 M Na H 2pO 4as buffer solution, pH=7; All solution uses preshoot N 230 min deoxidations;
B) coulomb Amperometric Determination electronics receiving ability: under the condition of working electrode voltage Eh=﹣ 0.6 V, treat to add 1 ml sample after the current stabilization in the blank system of 20 ml, draw electronics transfer amount by the area that calculates region electric current-time response;
C) coulomb Amperometric Determination electronics supply capacity: under the condition of working electrode voltage Eh=﹢ 0.5 V, treat to add 1 ml sample after the current stabilization in the blank system of 20 ml, draw electronics transfer amount by the area that calculates region electric current-time response;
D) jump rank method of current potential is measured electronic circulation ability: set and jump rank current potential at reduction potential Eh=﹣ 0.6 V and oxidizing potential Eh=﹢ 0.5 V, jump respectively between two current potentials rank 3 times of blank system and sample, by comparing the area differentiation calculate the electronics transfer amount of DOM in each phase cyclic process electric current-time response in each stage
3) calculate electronic circulation rate: electronic circulation rate be DOM through repeatedly jumping behind rank, the business of stable electron transfer capacity and initial electron transfer capacity, computing formula is as follows:
，
Electronic circulation ability ERR>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability EAC is not less than 1150 μ mol e-(gC) – 1, judge compost maturity.
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CN104829075B (en) * 2015-04-28 2017-05-10 上海元钧环保科技有限公司 Fermentation rotten degree judging method based on humus content
CN106442381B (en) * 2016-07-06 2020-02-14 中国农业大学 Characterization method for fermentation maturity of biogas residue aerobic compost
CN107255694B (en) * 2017-08-01 2019-01-29 清华大学 A kind of water body water soluble organic substance offer electronic capability measuring method based on high performance liquid chromatography
CN109142243B (en) * 2018-03-19 2021-02-26 湖南工业大学 Method for measuring electron supply capacity of water-soluble organic matter
CN110412023A (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-05 大连理工大学 A kind of kit and its application method of Fast Evaluation compost maturity
CN111766335B (en) * 2020-08-10 2022-04-26 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for judging compost maturity
CN114858879A (en) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-05 广东工业大学 Method and device for rapidly detecting compost maturity

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CN101806738B (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-05-25 南京农业大学 Method for fast characterizing compost maturity
CN102165865B (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-10-03 华南农业大学 Method for determining decomposition degree of organic fertilizers in municipal sludge by utilizing mainland vegetable seeds
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