CN102661982A - Method for quickly determining compost rotten degree - Google Patents
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- CN102661982A CN102661982A CN2012101184802A CN201210118480A CN102661982A CN 102661982 A CN102661982 A CN 102661982A CN 2012101184802 A CN2012101184802 A CN 2012101184802A CN 201210118480 A CN201210118480 A CN 201210118480A CN 102661982 A CN102661982 A CN 102661982A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly determining the compost rotten degree. In the method, the compost rotten degree can be determined by simply determining the electrochemical quality of water-soluble organic matter, and the determining result and the seed germination indication are of high consistency, which shows that the method provided by the invention can indicate the compost rotten degree accurately and quickly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of compost maturity, particularly a kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast.
Background technology
Contain great variety of organic in the discarded object by the mankind's activity generation such as house refuse, food processing discarded object and food industry residue, semi-invariant is big, and conventional landfill not only can take the land resource of a large amount of preciousnesses, also is a kind of huge wasting of resources.
Compost is to utilize microorganism that organic matter is decomposed, but obtains the compost product of recycling.The compost environmental protection is invested lowly, simple to operate, has very big advantage as new material or biogenic field reclaiming and recover these discarded objects, is one of optimal path of the organic curing discarded object of present recycling treatment.
Can the organic material that give up be converted into the compost soil organism in the composting process, improve the fertility of soil, improve soil texture, and then improve crop yield.And contain a large amount of organic solid castoffs unconverted or that do not transform fully in prematurity or the fresh compost, can produce the poisoning effect by plant after using, the harm environment.Therefore, the compost maturity is a key index of soil practical applicationization.
Compost is the biochemical reaction process of a complicacy, and the biochemical reaction, the product that relate to are various, and the material in the composting process changes extremely complicated, and the decision method of compost maturity is also varied.
The decision method of compost maturity commonly used has plant germination and growth test, confirms compost maturity through germination index.This method complicated operation, only the judgement of germination index just needs 48～72h, can't confirm rotten degree fast, causes accurately controlling the compost time, influences the efficient of compost.The maturation of using additive method and parameter also to can be used to estimate compost is also arranged; Comprise physical method, chemistry and biological nature, like the variation of carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrogenous source change, cation exchange capacity, optical density, thermogravimetry, Sol common vetch tower (Solvita) experiment, microbial respiratory effect, microbial population, enzymatic activity or the like.But, these methods of great majority, the time cycle is long and labour intensity is big, also possibly need expensive instrument.
Discover, in the process of compost, the big molecule dissociant that finally changes into stable complicacy of an organic part, like humic acid (HS), degree of humification is closely related in compost maturity and the compost composting process.Change as the compost maturity index like employing humic acid molecular weight such as Tomati; Amir etc. then use the changes of chemical structures of the humic acid in the sludge composting process to indicate; Water-soluble organic carbon (DOC) is a simple and clear parameter that definite compost is ripe in the discovery composting process such as Zmora-Nahum, and wherein every kilogram of compost mud increases by 4 gram organic carbons as a ripe threshold value of compost.But the same complicated operation of these methods, length consuming time is difficult to be applied to practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast.
The technical scheme that the present invention taked is:
A kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast comprises the steps:
1) sampling and extraction DOM wherein from the compost thing obtain DOM solution;
2) in the DOM solution that obtains, add electrolyte and buffering agent, mix, get rid of the oxygen in the mixed liquor, obtain treating test sample;
3) use electrolyte and buffering agent to prepare blank system, and get rid of oxygen wherein;
4) blank system is applied direct current of voltage regulation to system current stabilization;
5) test sample is treated in adding in blank system, applies oxidation or reduction potential, and makes current potential transition between oxidation or reduction potential of different electrodes, measures its electron transfer amount;
6) according to the data that record, confirm compost maturity.
Preferably, the operation of extraction DOM comprises the steps: from the compost thing
Get quantitative compost thing, mix with ultrapure water, vibration obtains suspending liquid fully;
Suspending liquid is centrifugal, get supernatant and cross the film that the aperture is not more than 0.45 μ m, obtain DOM solution.
Preferably, electrolyte is KCl.
Preferably, buffering agent is NaH
2PO
4
Calculate the electronics circulation ability (ERR)>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability (EAC) is not less than 1150 μ mol
E-(gC)
-1, judge compost maturity.
Preferably, the voltage of direct current of voltage regulation be-0.8～+ 0.6V.
Preferably, the voltage of oxidizing potential be-0.2～+ 0.6V.
Preferably, the voltage of reduction potential be-0.8～-0.6V.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, need not to use expensive instrument, has the accuracy height, and error is little, the advantage of weak point consuming time.The inventive method can be confirmed compost maturity rapidly and accurately, can behind compost maturity, finish compost fast, can reduce compost effectively used the time, improves the reliability of compost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the temperature curve of fertile heap in the composting process;
Fig. 2 is the design sketch that the electron transfer capacity of each stage D OM of compost is measured;
Fig. 3 is the design sketch that the electronics circulation ability of each stage D OM of compost is measured;
Fig. 4 is the design sketch of the germination index of each stage D OM of compost.
Embodiment
A kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast comprises the steps:
1) sampling and extraction DOM wherein from the compost thing obtain DOM solution;
2) in the DOM solution that obtains, add electrolyte and buffering agent, mix, get rid of the oxygen in the mixed liquor, obtain treating test sample;
3) use electrolyte and buffering agent to prepare blank system, and get rid of oxygen wherein;
4) blank system is applied direct current of voltage regulation to system current stabilization;
5) test sample is treated in adding in blank system, applies oxidation or reduction potential, and makes current potential transition between oxidation or reduction potential of different electrodes, measures its electron transfer amount;
6) according to the data that record, confirm compost maturity.
Preferably, the operation of extraction DOM comprises the steps: from the compost thing
Get quantitative compost thing, mix with ultrapure water, vibration obtains suspending liquid fully;
Suspending liquid is centrifugal, get supernatant and cross the film that the aperture is not more than 0.45 μ m, obtain DOM solution.
Preferably, electrolyte is KCl.Certainly, also can use other electrolyte.
Preferably, buffering agent is NaH
2PO
4Certainly, also can use other buffering agent to do.
Calculate the electronics circulation ability (ERR)>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability (EAC) is not less than 1150 μ mol
E-(gC)
-1, judge compost maturity.
Be guaranteeing the reliability of data and the convenience of operation, the voltage of direct current of voltage regulation is preferably-0.8～+ 0.6V; The voltage of oxidizing potential is preferably-0.2～+ 0.6V; The voltage of reduction potential is preferably-0.8～-0.6V.
The compost model:
Composting material is that mud 1000kg (from the anaerobic pond sewage sludge of experiment sewage treatment plant), rice bran 200kg, former fertilizer 460kg mix, and adopting C/N is 24, and humidity is 56%, in the compost pond, carries out composting 40 days.After 9 days, oxygen level reaches the aerobic gas of Institute of Micro-biology in the fertile heap to keep for twice of turning every day.
Distinguish composting process progress through the temperature of measuring the compost zones of different every day, and sampled point is specially table 60cm and 100cm down.For obtaining representational sample and analysis result, take the sample of 5 same place of compost respectively, every part of 500g is used as the temperature reading in each stage of compost.
Variation of temperature curve such as Fig. 1 show in the composting process, are typical compost pattern.Temperature is a major parameter that is used to monitor composting process, and it has reflected the ability of microbial activities in the composting process and reduction pathogen material.The thermophilic temperature that can be known fertile heap by figure reaches 62 ℃ of mxm.s at compost in the time of the 3rd day, temperature begins to descend after the 4th day, and by the 23rd day, temperature was lower than 40 ℃, after 35 days, basically near environment temperature.Can know that from temperature curve by the 23rd day, compost became thoroughly decomposed, and from 35 days backward, water soluble organic substance matter is intact by microbial consumption basically.
Confirming of compost maturity:
The extraction of DOM:
1) take by weighing a certain amount of compost mud, it and ultrapure water are mixed, the mixing quality ratio is 1: 5, then the sample that mixes is placed on 20 ℃ of jolting 16h on the shaking table;
2) suspending liquid is centrifugal on hydro-extractor, rotating speed is 12000rpm;
3) get the filter membrane of the centrifugal supernatant infiltrate 0.45 μ m that obtains, what obtain is DOM solution.
The mensuration of DOM solution electrochemistry performance:
1) experiment is prepared: the DOM that is used to measure is configured to 200mgC/L, with 0.1M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1M NaH
2PO
4As buffer solution, pH=7; Blank system adopts 0.1M KCl as electrolyte, 0.1M NaH
2PO
4As buffer solution, pH=7; All solution use preshoot N
2The 30min deoxidation;
2) a coulomb ampere method is measured the electronics receiving ability: at working electrode voltage E
hUnder the condition of=-0.6V, treat (about 30min) adding 1ml sample after the current stabilization in the blank system of 20ml.Area through calculating electric current-time response zone draws the electron transfer amount;
3) a coulomb ampere method is measured the electronics supply capacity: at working electrode voltage E
hUnder the condition of=+ 0.5V, treat (about 30min) adding 1ml sample after the current stabilization in the blank system of 20ml.Area through calculating electric current-time response zone draws the electron transfer amount;
4) jump rank method of current potential is measured the electronics circulation ability: set and jump the rank current potential at reduction potential E
h=-0.6V and oxidizing potential E
h=+0.5V.Between two current potentials, jump respectively rank 3 times of blank system and sample, the electric current through comparing each stage-time response area differentiation also calculates the electron transfer amount of DOM in each phase cyclic process.
Calculate the electronics circulating rate: the electronics circulating rate be DOM through the rank that repeatedly jump after, the merchant of stable electron transfer capacity and initial electron transfer capacity.Calculate through following formula
It is as shown in Figure 2 that the electron transfer capacity of DOM is measured the result.
Can know by Fig. 2, at electrode potential be-condition of 0.6V (vs.Ag/AgCl) under, the electron transfer capacity of compost DOM in each in period.EAC is 177～1493 μ mol
E-(gC)
-1Can see that the EAC at preceding 10 days DOM of compost significantly increases, reach a platform afterwards, show that EAC and composting process have certain relation.EDC is more much smaller than EAC, and variation does not have regularity yet.
DOM at first is reduced under-the 0.6V (vs.Ag/AgCl) at voltage, is 0.5V (vs.Ag/AgCl) oxidation again at voltage then, so circulates 3 times.Experimental result is as shown in Figure 3.
Can know that by Fig. 3 the second time of circulating, the ratio of EAC for the third time circulate for the first time low.In fact, in electronic transfer process, having only portions of electronics is continuously to carry out.These shared ratios of electron transfer amount of participating in last electron transfer are electronics circulating rate (ERR), and ERR begins the back at compost and reached maximal value by the 25th day, and amplitude of variation is corresponding then diminishes.
Percentage of seedgermination is measured:
The experiment of harm plant is measured through percentage of seedgermination, adopts the compost extract to cultivate seed, and control experiment is a ultrapure water.
Detailed step is following: diameter is put into double dish for 7cm filter paper; Selecting 20 approaching, full celery seeds of size puts into double dish and evenly scatter; The compost extract that pipettes 5ml covers the double dish lid in double dish, cultivated 3 days in 25 ± 1 ℃ of constant incubators.Seminal root length is lower than not very germination of 2mm in the seeds germinated.The computing formula of germination index is following:
In the formula, G
TBe the germination number of sample sets, G
0Be the germinative number of control group, R
TThe root that is sample sets is long, R
0The root that is control group is long.Percentage of seedgermination has reflected the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost, and like Fig. 4, initial percentage of seedgermination is 44%, has reached 118% to compost in the time of the 25th day, tends towards stability subsequently.
The germination index curve diagram of each stage sample of compost is as shown in Figure 4.
Adopt the germination index can react the potential hazard of compost thing to plant intuitively, but this method is consuming time long, is subject to the different of seed and compost thing, stable bad between batch do not have versatility.
Can know that by figure mensuration result of the inventive method and germination indication compost maturity have the height consistance.It is thus clear that the inventive method has kept germination index indication compost maturity advantage intuitively, and has simple fast ripe advantage such as stable.
Claims (8)
1. a method of confirming compost maturity fast comprises the steps:
1) sampling and extraction DOM wherein from the compost thing obtain DOM solution;
2) in the DOM solution that obtains, add electrolyte and buffering agent, mix, get rid of the oxygen in the mixed liquor, obtain treating test sample;
3) use electrolyte and buffering agent to prepare blank system, and get rid of oxygen wherein;
4) blank system is applied direct current of voltage regulation to system current stabilization;
5) test sample is treated in adding in blank system, applies oxidation or reduction potential, and makes current potential transition between oxidation or reduction potential of different electrodes, measures its electron transfer amount;
6) according to the data that record, confirm compost maturity.
2. a kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the operation of from the compost thing, extracting DOM comprises the steps:
Get quantitative compost thing, mix with ultrapure water, vibration obtains suspending liquid fully;
Suspending liquid is centrifugal, get supernatant and cross the film that the aperture is not more than 0.45 μ m, obtain DOM solution.
3. a kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: electrolyte is KCl.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described a kind of methods of confirming compost maturity fast, it is characterized in that: buffering agent is NaH
2PO
4
5. a kind of method of confirming compost maturity fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: calculate the electronics circulation ability (ERR)>=75% of DOM, or electronics receiving ability (EAC) is not less than 1150 μ mol
E-(gC)
– 1, judge compost maturity.
6. a kind of method of confirming fast compost maturity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the voltage of direct current of voltage regulation is-0.8～+ 0.6V.
7. a kind of method of confirming fast compost maturity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the voltage of oxidizing potential is-0.2～+ 0.6V.
8. according to claim 1 or 7 described a kind of methods of confirming fast compost maturities, it is characterized in that: the voltage of reduction potential is-0.8～-0.6V.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104829075A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-12 | 上海元钧环保科技有限公司 | Fermentation rotten degree judging method based on humus content |
| CN106442381A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2017-02-22 | 中国农业大学 | Characterization method for biogas residue aerobic composting fermentation maturity |
| CN107255694A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-17 | 清华大学 | A kind of water body water soluble organic substance based on high performance liquid chromatography provides electronic capability assay method |
| CN109142243A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南工业大学 | A method of measurement water soluble organic substance electronics supply capacity |
| CN110412023A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of kit and its application method of Fast Evaluation compost maturity |
| CN111766335A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for judging compost maturity |
| CN114858879A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-05 | 广东工业大学 | Method and device for rapidly detecting compost maturity |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104829075A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-12 | 上海元钧环保科技有限公司 | Fermentation rotten degree judging method based on humus content |
| CN106442381A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2017-02-22 | 中国农业大学 | Characterization method for biogas residue aerobic composting fermentation maturity |
| CN106442381B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2020-02-14 | 中国农业大学 | Characterization method for fermentation maturity of biogas residue aerobic compost |
| CN107255694A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-17 | 清华大学 | A kind of water body water soluble organic substance based on high performance liquid chromatography provides electronic capability assay method |
| CN107255694B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-01-29 | 清华大学 | A kind of water body water soluble organic substance offer electronic capability measuring method based on high performance liquid chromatography |
| CN109142243A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南工业大学 | A method of measurement water soluble organic substance electronics supply capacity |
| CN109142243B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2021-02-26 | 湖南工业大学 | Method for measuring electron supply capacity of water-soluble organic matter |
| CN110412023A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of kit and its application method of Fast Evaluation compost maturity |
| CN111766335A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for judging compost maturity |
| CN114858879A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-05 | 广东工业大学 | Method and device for rapidly detecting compost maturity |
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| CN102661982B (en) | 2014-06-04 |
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