CN102658780A - Output control apparatus in electric vehicle - Google Patents

Output control apparatus in electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102658780A
CN102658780A CN201110378396XA CN201110378396A CN102658780A CN 102658780 A CN102658780 A CN 102658780A CN 201110378396X A CN201110378396X A CN 201110378396XA CN 201110378396 A CN201110378396 A CN 201110378396A CN 102658780 A CN102658780 A CN 102658780A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
mapping graph
temperature
output
vehicle
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Granted
Application number
CN201110378396XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102658780B (en
Inventor
曾根崇史
长敏之
坂本友和
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of CN102658780A publication Critical patent/CN102658780A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an output control apparatus in an electric vehicle, which in the electric vehicle can prevent the deterioration of a battery and perform map image switching to smooth the output change of an electromotor under the condition that the temperature of the battery increases. The output control apparatus is provided with a battery providing electric power to the electromotor; a vehicle speed sensor, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the battery; a control portion controlling the power amount provided from the battery to the electromotor based on a map image with an output value output to the electromotor and set according to a vehicle speed, wherein the map image is provided with a characteristic map image used when the temperature of the battery is above a preset value and a cold map image used when the temperature of the battery is below the preset value, the control uses the cold map image to perform discharging control on the battery when the electromotor is started and when the temperature of the battery is below the preset value, and in the process of later traveling, when the temperature of the battery is above the preset value, it is performed to switch from the cold mapping image to the characteristic mapping image after than the vehicle speed approaches to zero.

Description

Output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle
Technical field
The present invention relates to the output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle that battery-operated motor cycle etc. has electrical motor, particularly relate to the temperature characterisitic that is used to be combined in the battery that cold district uses and the output-controlling device of the output at control motor.
Background technology
Elec. vehicle is equipped with and is used to rotate the electrical motor of drive axle and the battery that this electrical motor is supplied power.In with the elec. vehicle of electrical motor as drive source; Carry out the output control of electrical motor based on this mapping graph by control part with mapping graph (mapping graph (normal map) usually); Wherein, said mapping graph is controlled the discharge rate from the battery to the electrical motor with the speed of a motor vehicle and handle aperture etc. as parameter.
About elec. vehicle; When considering the use of outside air temperature at the cold district below 0 ℃; The temperature of battery is in lower state, when under this state, using common mapping graph to carry out the output control of electrical motor, because the discharge capability of battery is limited; Therefore, might cause the early stage consumption of battery owing to the generation of situation such as overdischarge.
On the other hand, put down in writing following structure in the patent documentation 1: in elec. vehicle, have temperature detecting unit and charge-discharge electric power control unit; Detect the temperature of battery thus; When low temperature with compare at ordinary times the restriction discharge capability and under low temperature environment the inhibition big flow of current, prevent the reduction of the terminal voltage of battery, wherein; Said temperature detecting unit is used to detect the temperature of battery; This charge-discharge electric power control unit is used to control discharged power, so that detected temperature when predetermined temperature is following, is no more than the discharged power higher limit that changes according to temperature.
No. 3929387 communique of [patent documentation 1] Japanese Patent
Under the situation that the output that utilizes mapping graph to carry out electrical motor is controlled, consider that green phase uses cold mapping graph (cold map) to limit discharge capability for common mapping graph when the temperature of battery is in low temperature.
At this moment; After elec. vehicle starts when low temperature; Along with the carrying out of the middle battery discharge of controlling based on the output of cold mapping graph that goes, the temperature of battery rises, still; Owing to rise the back use the common mapping graph that does not limit discharge capability have to the handle aperture of the handle of exporting adjustment than fast-response etc., be preferred therefore.
But, carrying out under steam under the situation of switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph, the driver can feel inharmonious to the output variation of electrical motor sometimes.For example, carry out under steam under the situation of the switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph, what it is contemplated that is though be identical handle aperture, can produce inharmonic sensation of going after the propulsive effort of vehicle rises suddenly.
That is, there is following problem: in the output control of electrical motor, only switch mapping graph and make electrical motor output change and incorrect through battery temperature.
In addition, the Li ionization cell that constitutes battery when low temperature or during deterioration internal driving rise, therefore, when hope obtains the following outgoing current of new product normal temperature, thereby the above voltage of lower voltage limit that can produce permission takes place to discharge and stops.
Summary of the invention
Therefore; The present invention proposes in view of the above problems; Its purpose is to provide the output-controlling device in a kind of elec. vehicle, its in elec. vehicle, the deterioration of battery when preventing cold start-up; And can under the situation that battery temperature rises, make the output of the electrical motor in going change level and smooth mapping graph switching.
To achieve these goals; First of the invention that first aspect of the present invention is related is characterised in that; Output-controlling device in a kind of elec. vehicle, said output-controlling device has: battery (36), it provides electric power to the electrical motor (23) as the drive source of vehicle; Car speed sensor (91), it detects the speed (speed of a motor vehicle) of vehicle; Temperature sensor (92), it detects the temperature of said battery (36); Control part (71); It is based on the mapping graph of having set the output valve that exports said electrical motor (23) to according to the said speed of a motor vehicle; Control offers the amount of power of said electrical motor (23) from said battery (36); Said mapping graph has common mapping graph that when predetermined temperature is above, uses when the temperature of said battery and the cold mapping graph that when the temperature of said battery is lower than predetermined temperature, uses, wherein
Said control part (71) is when said electrical motor (23) starts and the temperature of said battery (36) when being lower than predetermined temperature; Use said cold mapping graph to carry out the discharge control of battery (36); And after go; In the temperature of said battery (36) is predetermined temperature when above, waits for that the speed of a motor vehicle carries out the switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph after approaching zero.
Second of the invention that second aspect of the present invention is related is characterised in that; In the output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle of the invention of first aspect; Said battery (36) is made up of a plurality of battery units, and said control part (71) carries out battery (36) temperature of mapping graph switching usefulness and represented by the minimum battery unit of temperature in said a plurality of battery units.
The 3rd of the invention that the third aspect of the invention is related is characterised in that, in the output-controlling device of the elec. vehicle of first aspect, said common mapping graph has multiple discharge characteristic, and shifts according to the state of battery.
The 4th of the invention that fourth aspect of the present invention is related is characterised in that; In the output-controlling device of the elec. vehicle of the third aspect; Said common mapping graph has the sky mapping graph; This sky mapping graph has than the lower discharge characteristic of said cold mapping graph, is transferring under the situation of said empty mapping graph, does not carry out the transfer to other mapping graphs afterwards.
In accordance with a first feature of the invention, owing to control the amount of power that offers electrical motor (23) from battery (36) according to cold mapping graph, therefore; The deterioration that can suppress the battery (36) in the cold start-up (when going), and based on the control of cold mapping graph the time reaches predetermined when above in the temperature of battery (36); Do not switch to common mapping graph, but directly carry out control, therefore based on cold mapping graph; In the going under cold start-up through switching mapping graph, the reduction of the sensation that can prevent to go.
And owing to wait for after the speed of a motor vehicle approaches zero and carry out the switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph, therefore, the mapping graph in can preventing under cold start-up, to go switches, the mapping graph switching that can make the output of electrical motor become level and smooth.
According to second characteristic of the present invention; Through representing that with the minimum battery unit of temperature in a plurality of battery units that constitute battery (36) mapping graph switches the temperature of the battery (36) of usefulness; Can change discharge characteristic accordingly with the minimum battery unit of temperature, and can prevent deterioration as the whole module of battery (36).
According to the 3rd characteristic of the present invention, through preparing a plurality of mapping graphs and have multiple discharge characteristic, can realize adapting to the trickle control of driving condition and the deterioration that prevents battery.
According to the 4th characteristic of the present invention, even if under approaching zero the situation of battery (36) capacity, also can guarantee predefined minimum miles of relative movement (for example 100 meters) through having the sky mapping graph.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the instruction diagram of outward appearance of electric bicycle that the output-controlling device of an embodiment of the invention is installed.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of structure that the output-controlling device of an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the figure of the propulsive effort of a plurality of mapping graphs that switch in the output-controlling device with respect to the table of the characteristic of the speed of a motor vehicle.
Fig. 4 is the diagram of circuit that is illustrated in the step of the switching of carrying out mapping graph in the output-controlling device.
Label declaration
23: electrical motor; 36: main battery; 71: control part; 91: car speed sensor; 91: temperature sensor.
The specific embodiment
Example with reference to the embodiment of the output-controlling device of description of drawings electric bicycle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the left surface figure that an example of the elec. vehicle that output-controlling device of the present invention is installed is shown.Elec. vehicle 1 is the pedal-type cart with pedal (step floor), and each component part directly perhaps is installed on the vehicle frame F through miscellaneous part indirectly.
In Fig. 1, vehicle frame F is by constituting with the lower part: as the preceding pipe 26 of leading portion; Following vehicle frame (down frame) 27, its front end combines with preceding pipe 26 and extend downwards the rear end; Vehicle frame of a pair of end (under frame) 28, its bottom with following vehicle frame 27 is connected, respectively in width over sides of car body direction branch and extending near the car body rear to the left and right; Back vehicle frame 29, vehicle frame 28 extends to rear on the car body end of from for it.Steering shaft 20 is supported in preceding pipe 26 rotations freely.The top of steering shaft 20 is connected with handlebar 25, and the bottom is connected with the front-fork 24 that is used to support front-wheel WF.
Through each front end mounting knob at handlebar 25, make the handle of the right positions that is installed in handlebar 25 constitute and can rotate towards the place ahead of elec. vehicle, can be thereby constitute according to the output of handle angular adjustment electrical motor 23.
The front portion of preceding pipe 26 combines with the front supporting member that is made up of pipe 50, and the leading section of this front supporting member 50 is equipped with head lamp 51, above head lamp 51, is provided with the preceding luggage carrier 19 that supports through support 57.
Vehicle frame F, end vehicle frame 28 engages the pivot plate 30 towards the car body rear extension with the zone line of back vehicle frame 29, this pivot plate 30 is provided with the pivot 32 towards width over sides of car body direction extension, through this pivot 32, swing arm 22 is joltily supported by easy on and off.Swing arm 22 is provided with the electronic electrical motor 23 as the vehicular drive source, and the output of electrical motor 23 is passed to axletree of rear wheel 21, drives to be supported on the trailing wheel WR on the axletree of rear wheel 21.In addition, comprise that the shell of axletree of rear wheel 21 is connected through rear suspension 33 with back vehicle frame 29.The below prolongation of pivot plate 30 is rotatably mounted with in parking the side stand 31 that supports car body, main support 34 is installed below the swing arm 22.
The main battery 36 of the built-in high potential of a plurality of battery units in battery box 37 (for example, 72 volts specified) is installed on the end vehicle frame 28.The front portion of main battery 36 is connected with the conduit 64 that will import in the battery box 37 as the air of battery cooling air via connection pipe 65, above conduit 64, is provided with air filter 68 via connection pipe 66.Air filter 68 is arranged to the height roughly the same with preceding pipe 26.
Conduit 69 is connected with the rear portion of battery box 37, and the rear portion of this conduit 69 is connected with cooling fan 70 as blowing unit.Back vehicle frame 29 configurations that cooling fan 70 extends to oblique upper along the vehicle frame 28 end of from.Cooling fan 70 is preferably sirocco fan (sirocco fan), and it constitutes the hand of rotation that can reverse, and makes it possible to make the flow direction counter-rotating that sends to the air in the battery box 37 through conduit 64 and connection pipe 65,66 and conduit 69.
Back vehicle frame 29 is provided with electricity consumption side-connector 78, and this electricity consumption side-connector 78 can combine with the supply side adaptor union that is connected to from main battery 36 being carried out the extended charging cable of electrically-charged external charger.On the vehicle frame 29 of back, also be provided with back luggage carrier 59 and taillight 52.
Between vehicle frame after the pair of right and left 29, be provided with storage tank 38, taken at the storage tank bottom 38a that gives prominence to the bottom from this storage tank 38 and utilized main battery 36 to carry out the secondary cell 40 of electrically-charged low voltage (for example, 12V is specified).Storage tank 38 is provided with the operator's saddle 39 of the lid of double as storage tank 38.
Vehicle frame F covers through plastic car body lid.The car body lid has handle cover 56, protecgulum 42, windshield (leg shield) 43, pedal 44, front side cap 45, bottom 46, seat front portion lid 47, side cover 48 and bonnet 49 down.
Pipe 26 and front supporting member 50 etc. before protecgulum 42 covers from the place ahead.Windshield 43 links to each other with protecgulum 42, is configured to be positioned at the place ahead of the foot that is sitting in the driver on the operator's saddle 39, pipe 26, conduit 64 and connection pipe 66 before covering from operator's saddle 39 sides.Pedal 44 links to each other with the bottom of windshield 43, and front side cap 45 links to each other with pedal 44.Pedal 44 is clad battery case 37 from the top, and front side cap 45 covers end vehicle frame 28 and battery box 37 from the car body left and right sides.
Between the lower edge of the front side cap 45 about bottom 46 is erected at.The down anterior lid of seat 47 rear ends from pedal 44 erect to cover storage tank 38 from the place ahead.Pair of right and left side cover 48 and said seat down the two ends of anterior lid 47 link to each other with from about covering storage tank 38.Bonnet 49 covers trailing wheel WR from the top and links to each other with side cover 48.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that the electric system of the elec. vehicle that comprises output-controlling device of the present invention is shown.
Control part 71 comprises the driven by power unit (PDU) and the control unit (ECU) that are used for driving motor 23 and constitutes, and is connected with the side of the positive electrode terminal of main battery 36 via fuse 72 and the 1st relay switch 73.Be connected in parallel by the 2nd relay switch 74 and circuit series and the 1st relay switch 73 that resistance 76 constitutes.Main battery 36 can be charged through the electric power that provides from external power supply PS by charger 75 with secondary cell 40.Charger 75 has supply side adaptor union 77, can be connected with the electricity consumption side-connector 78 that is arranged at vehicle.Electricity consumption side-connector 78 is connected with DC-DC conv 79.
In addition, the car speed sensor 91 that is used to detect the speed of a motor vehicle of elec. vehicle is connected with control part 71, and based on a plurality of mapping graphs of having set propulsive effort according to the speed of a motor vehicle, the amount of power that control provides to electrical motor 23 from main battery 36.The output control of carrying out about a plurality of mapping graphs that have based on control part 71 will be described hereinafter.
DC-DC conv 79 has: field effect transister (FET) 80, its be inserted into a pair of cable L1 of electricity consumption side-connector 78 bonded assemblys, L2 in a side cable L1; And voltage decline circuit 81, it is connected with cable L1, L2, is used to make the voltage from charger 76 to drop to low voltage (for example, 12V).In order main battery 36 to be charged through high-tension charging current; Cable L1, L2 are connected with main battery 36 via the circuit series that is made up of the 2nd relay switch 74 (precharge contactless switch) and resistance 76 and the circuit parallel of the 1st relay switch 73 (main contactor).The outgoing side of voltage decline circuit 81 is connected with secondary cell 40.Main battery 36 is made up of the modular construction with a plurality of battery units, and the position disposes the temperature sensor 92 of the temperature that is used to detect each battery unit respectively near each battery unit of main battery 36.
Secondary cell 40 is connected with the ECU that is built in control part 71 via main switch 82, supplies with control from secondary cell 40 and uses electric power.Secondary cell 40 also is connected with battery management unit (BMU) 83 via main switch 82, and BMU 83 has the function that switches on and off of indication the 1st relay switch 73 and the 2nd relay switch 74.The temperature sensor 92 that is used to detect the temperature of each battery unit also is connected with BMU 83 respectively.In addition, control part 71 is connected with BMU 83, is outputed to control part 71 sides with the main battery that obtains through BMU 83 36 relevant information.
During action, connecting under the situation of main switch 82, BMU 83 connects the 2nd relay switches 74 and makes electric current flow to the PDU of control part 71 from main battery 36 via the 2nd relay switch 74, resistance 76 and fuse 72, then, connects the 1st relay switch 73.Like this, the reason of after connecting the 2nd relay switch 74, connecting the 1st relay switch 73 again is that the inrush current for the electric capacity that prevents to flow into the PDU that is arranged at control part 71 flow to the 1st relay switch 73.
In addition, the 1st relay switch the 73, the 2nd relay switch 74 and BMU 83 can be accommodated in main battery 36 and the battery box 37.
Next the control of the amount of power that provides to electrical motor 23 through control part 71 is described.
Control part 71 has been set a plurality of mapping graphs of propulsive effort based on as shown in Figure 3 according to the speed of a motor vehicle, and control offers the amount of power of electrical motor 23 from main battery 36.The common mapping graph that a plurality of mapping graphs use when going usually with have the cold mapping graph (1.8KW mapping graph) that is adapted at the characteristic that cold district starts and constitute.
Each mapping graph is made as the speed of a motor vehicle (km/h) with transverse axis; The longitudinal axis is made as back-wheel drive power (N); Output limit when the handle angle standard-sized sheet of handle of the output adjustment of carrying out electrical motor 23 is shown; When handle angle standard-sized sheet, carry out offering the control of the electric power of electrical motor 23, thereby obtain the back-wheel drive power (N) with the cooresponding longitudinal axis of the speed of a motor vehicle of transverse axis from main battery 36.
In the handle angle is not under the situation of standard-sized sheet; For example; Through and mapping graph in the peak (during standard-sized sheet) and the back-wheel drive power between 0 of the cooresponding back-wheel drive power of the speed of a motor vehicle, from main battery 36 amount of power of giving the back-wheel drive power value that roughly is directly proportional with the handle angle is provided to electrical motor 23.
The situation that common mapping graph is used for going usually has three kinds of different mapping graphs of drive performance (3.6KW mapping graph, 2.7KW mapping graph, 2.0KW mapping graph), thereby can control accordingly with the residual volume (deterioration state, temperature) of battery.The numerical value of " 3.6KW mapping graph " in this case etc. is set to the low value of maxim than the discharge rate of battery.
3.6KW mapping graph is the mapping graph of charge volume for using under the situation of completely filling at main battery 36, the 2.7KW mapping graph is used for the situation that charge volume tails off a little, the situation that the 2.0KW mapping graph is used for further tailing off.
In addition, under steam, under the situation of the residual volume reduction that battery has taken place etc., make the drive performance skew, prevent the generation of overdischarge through suitably switching mapping graph.
Cold mapping graph (1.8KW mapping graph) is the mapping graph that is used under the low situation of battery temperature, has the characteristic of setting the startup of the electrical motor 23 that is suitable for cold district than the lower discharge characteristic of common mapping graph (2.0KW mapping graph) through making it.
In addition, also can suitably carry out the switching between 3.6KW mapping graph, 2.7KW mapping graph, 2.0KW mapping graph and the 1.8KW mapping graph according to the deterioration state of battery.
In addition, mapping graph has the empty mapping graph that under the few situation of the capacity of cell of main battery 36, uses usually.This sky mapping graph has the discharge characteristic lower than cold mapping graph.That is, empty mapping graph has can use to capacity of cell and does not have fully and export to stop characteristic before, for example, has the drive performance that can move about 100 meters～200 meters, makes vehicle can not be parked in road central authorities.
The output control that control part 71 during with reference to the flowchart text motor start-up of Fig. 4 carries out.
When carrying out motor start-up (step 101) when the main switch of connecting vehicle; BMU 83 detects the temperature of each battery unit of main battery 36 through temperature sensor 92; Judge that whether the interior minimum battery temperature of battery unit is less than predetermined value (for example, less than 0 ℃) (step 102).As judgment standard, can change discharge characteristic accordingly through temperature is minimum in a plurality of battery units that will constitute main battery 36 battery unit, prevent deterioration with respect to main battery 36 whole modules with the minimum battery unit of temperature.
Under the situation more than the predetermined value, select to utilize the drive performance of 3.6KW mapping graph control back-wheel drive power and carry out direct motor drive as the 3.6KW mapping graph (step 103) of mapping graph usually at battery temperature.
Battery temperature less than the situation of predetermined value under (step 102), select 1.8KW mapping graph (step 104) as cold mapping graph, utilize the drive performance of 1.8KW mapping graph, through the control of the electric power of obtaining back-wheel drive power is provided, carry out direct motor drive.This be since during low temperature the output characteristic of (0 ℃) battery reduce, as at ordinary times the reason of the situation of overdischarge etc. can take place under the situation about exporting.
Go beginning and the speed of a motor vehicle of vehicle near the situation of " 0 " under (step 105), judge whether battery temperature rises and reach (for example, more than 3 ℃) (step 106) more than the predetermined value.The speed of a motor vehicle is meant near the situation of " 0 " for example becomes that vehicle stops, the situation of the state that almost stop of the speed of a motor vehicle below 3km.
Do not reach at battery temperature under the situation of (for example, more than 3 ℃) more than the predetermined value, proceed control based on the drive performance of cold mapping graph (1.8kw mapping graph).
(for example reach more than the predetermined value at battery temperature; More than 3 ℃) situation under; When being judged as the speed of a motor vehicle near " 0 " through car speed sensor 91; Carry out switching (step 107), and carry out control based on the drive performance of 3.6kw mapping graph from cold mapping graph (1.8kw mapping graph) to common mapping graph (3.6kw mapping graph).
Output control through above-mentioned control part 71; Use cold mapping graph actuating motor 23 and under steam the temperature of main battery 36 reach under the situation more than predetermined; Do not switch to common mapping graph and directly carry out control based on cold mapping graph; Therefore, switch mapping graph in the going under cold start-up, the reduction of the sensation that can prevent thus to go.
In addition; Because transferring to common mapping graph from cold mapping graph is to be condition with the speed of a motor vehicle near " 0 "; Therefore, even in utilizing the going of cold mapping graph, need to switch under the situation of mapping graph, the mapping graph in also can preventing to go under the cold start-up switches; Because the switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph is after the wait speed of a motor vehicle is near " 0 ", to carry out, the output that therefore can carry out electrical motor changes level and smooth mapping graph and switches.
In above-mentioned control example; Though be set at being judged as the speed of a motor vehicle and carry out switching under near the situation of " 0 " from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph; But also can be, detect the rotating speed of electrical motor 23 all the time, rotating speed be desired speed (for example; Racing speed) under the situation below, carries out switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph.At this moment, even the speed of a motor vehicle arrives to a certain degree, if the rotating speed step-down of electrical motor 23 also possibly switch.
Connecing, the switched and transferred based on the mapping graph in the going of common mapping graph is being described.
As stated, mapping graph has 3.6KW mapping graph, 2.7KW mapping graph, 2.0KW mapping graph, 1.8KW mapping graph and empty mapping graph usually.In vehicle '; Keep watch on the voltage of each battery unit of main battery 36, at the voltage of the battery unit of minimum voltage at predetermined voltage (for example, under the situation below 1.95V); Through switching to successively and the cooresponding mapping graph of low output, carry out the transfer of mapping graph according to the state of main battery 36.Between 3.6KW mapping graph, 2.7KW mapping graph, 2.0KW mapping graph, 1.8KW mapping graph, carry out switching to low outgoing side, be that benchmark carries out the mapping graph recovery to the switching of high outgoing side simultaneously with the predetermined voltage.
Through carrying out above-mentioned control, in the output control of using common mapping graph,, can be fit to the meticulous control of driving condition through preparing a plurality of mapping graphs and exporting control through a plurality of discharge characteristics, can prevent the deterioration of main battery 36 efficiently.
In addition; When the voltage of the minimum battery unit in the use of common mapping graph (2.0KW mapping graph) or cold mapping graph in the main battery 36 is lower than 1.9V, switch to the sky mapping graph, in case transfer to the sky mapping graph; Even if the state variation of battery does not revert to other mapping graphs yet.This is in order to prevent under the situation of the output HIGH voltage through returning to other mapping graphs, although there is the battery remaining amount, stops owing to the discharge quantitative change produces vehicle greatly.
Through carrying out the control under the sky mapping graph, even approach under the zero situation in the capacity of cell of main battery 36, also can be through the driving that provides electric power to carry out electrical motor 23, to guarantee predefined minimum miles of relative movement (for example 100 meters～200 meters).

Claims (4)

1. the output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle, said output-controlling device has:
Battery (36), it provides electric power to the electrical motor (23) as the drive source of vehicle; Car speed sensor (91), it detects the speed of vehicle, the i.e. speed of a motor vehicle; Temperature sensor (92), it detects the temperature of said battery (36); Control part (71); It is based on the mapping graph of having set the output valve that exports said electrical motor (23) to according to the said speed of a motor vehicle; Control offers the amount of power of said electrical motor (23) from said battery (36); Said mapping graph has common mapping graph that when predetermined temperature is above, uses when the temperature of said battery and the cold mapping graph that when the temperature of said battery is lower than predetermined temperature, uses, wherein
Said control part (71) is when said electrical motor (23) starts and the temperature of said battery (36) when being lower than predetermined temperature; Use said cold mapping graph to carry out the discharge control of battery (36); And after go; In the temperature of said battery (36) is predetermined temperature when above, waits for that the speed of a motor vehicle carries out the switching from cold mapping graph to common mapping graph after approaching zero.
2. the output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
Said battery (36) is made up of a plurality of battery units, and said control part (71) carries out the battery temperature of mapping graph switching usefulness and represented by the minimum battery unit of temperature in said a plurality of battery units.
3. according to the output-controlling device in claim 1 or the 2 described elec. vehicles, wherein,
Said common mapping graph has multiple discharge characteristic, and shifts according to the state of battery (36).
4. the output-controlling device in the elec. vehicle according to claim 3, wherein,
Said common mapping graph has the sky mapping graph, and this sky mapping graph has than the lower discharge characteristic of said cold mapping graph, is transferring under the situation of said empty mapping graph, does not carry out the transfer to other mapping graphs afterwards.
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