CN102647000B - 机动车的充电设备和机动车中电荷存储器的充电方法 - Google Patents

机动车的充电设备和机动车中电荷存储器的充电方法 Download PDF

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CN102647000B
CN102647000B CN201210034900.9A CN201210034900A CN102647000B CN 102647000 B CN102647000 B CN 102647000B CN 201210034900 A CN201210034900 A CN 201210034900A CN 102647000 B CN102647000 B CN 102647000B
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charging device
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motor vehicle
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C.阿尔布雷希特
M.克利梅尔
W.尼登祖
W.皮尔斯尔
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
    • H02H3/0935—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means the timing being determined by numerical means
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于机动车的充电设备以及用于对机动车中的电荷存储器充电的方法。在用于机动车的充电设备（10）中存在过载开关，如果在最小持续时间期间高于电流强度极限值的电流强度占优势，则所述过载开关被断开。电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间是可变的。优选地根据充电线缆（18）或所连接的机动车（12）的通过充电设备（10）所确定的特性来确定这些值。

Description

机动车的充电设备和机动车中电荷存储器的充电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于机动车的充电设备以及一种用于对机动车中的用于电荷的存储器充电的方法，所述机动车经由充电线缆与充电设备耦合。
因此本发明致力于充电设备或充电站的设计和运行方式，所述充电设备或充电站能够实现将尤其是来自公用电网的电荷输送给机动车中的蓄电池、电容器或用于电荷的其他存储器。
背景技术
典型地，在充电设备上存在插孔，充电线缆可以插入到所述插孔中。充电线缆在另外一侧与机动车耦合，典型地在那里同样被插入到插孔中。
还不存在每个机动车和每个充电线缆精确地适合于每个充电设备的标准。
尤其是，可以将具有不同持久荷载能力的线路连接到同一插孔中。但是已知的是，持久荷载能力可从线路或机动车中读出，其方式是，在该线路或机动车中的预先确定的位置上设置具有确定电阻值的电阻元件。
如果以电流强度的单位说明持久荷载能力，则可能存在被设计用于与32A持久荷载能力的线路耦合的充电设备。现在可能的是，将具有更小持久荷载能力的线路与充电设备耦合，例如13A。在该情况下，必须保护充电线路免受短路和过载。在此情况下必须考虑线路的特性，尤其是恰恰考虑线路的持久荷载能力。
过载保护尤其是可以通过充电设备中的线路保护开关来提供。为了使过载保护与所连接的充电线路匹配，迄今在充电设备中设置多个线路保护开关。给每个线路保护开关分配自身的支路。可以在各支路之间切换，其中这些支路尤其必须被相互闭锁。根据所述的电阻元件来识别充电线路，并且线路设备根据充电线路的识别独立地接通确定的支路。
在充电设备中设置多个支路并且尤其是设置所属的多个线路保护开关是费事的、成本高的，并且充电设备变得过大。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，以在成本和空间消耗方面有效的方式在按照权利要求1的前序部分所述的充电设备中负责与充电线路匹配的过载保护。
该任务在一个方面通过按照权利要求1的充电设备解决，并且在另一方面，该任务通过具有按照权利要求10的特征的方法来解决。
在根据本发明的用于机动车的充电设备中，所述充电设备具有过载开关和用于在经由该过载开关流动的电流的在最小持续时间期间占优势的电流强度高于电流强度极限值情况下断开过载开关的装置，根据本发明规定，用于断开的装置在至少两种不同的运行模式中使用不同的电流强度极限值和/或不同的最小持续时间，以决定断开过载开关。
因此在本发明中总是使用相同的过载开关，但是什么被定义为过载根据情况而变化。因为仅需要一个过载开关，所以充电设备可紧凑地构造并且是成本低的。
在本发明的优选实施形式中，用于断开的装置被设计用于自动地采取运行模式并且因此确定要使用的电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间。通过这种方式，与操作人员无关的是，对于充电线缆或机动车分别恰好使用正确的电流极限值或正确的最小持续时间。
特别优选地在这种情况下规定，设置用于检测连接到充电设备的充电线缆和/或经由充电线缆所连接的机动车的至少一个特性的装置，其中用于断开过载开关的装置被设计为根据该所检测的特性来采取运行模式。因此这里它是在用于机动车的充电设备本身中所设置的、获得所属信息的装置，从而恰恰是关于充电线缆或机动车的特性的信息不必分开地被传送或输入。
在本发明的另一优选实施形式中，用于断开过载开关的装置包括用于测量电流强度的装置以及控制装置，所述控制装置接收用于测量的装置的测量值并且根据所述测量值控制用于断开的机电单元。在该方面，本发明基于以下认识，经由过载开关流动的电流的电流强度（其同时是经由充电线缆流动的电流的电流强度）取决于充电线缆的电阻并且因此也取决于所述充电线缆的持久载荷能力。如果更高的电流本来已经流动，则电流强度极限值也可以更高并且同样最小持续时间也可以更长。
根据该优选实施形式的充电设备可以在两个变型方案中设置：在一个变型方案情况下，用于测量的装置和控制装置作为分离的部件被提供。于是尤其可以使用本来已经存在的部件，例如本来存在用于后来结算充电费用的能量电量计和例如本来控制充电设备的控制装置。在另一变型方案情况下，用于测量的装置和控制装置共同通过微处理器提供。这是特别紧凑的实施形式；微处理器只需适当地被编程以提供功能性。
在本发明的优选实施形式中，在另一方面，用于断开的装置具有机械元件，所述机械元件的不同位置对应于不同的运行模式。这里利用：一些部件（例如双金属元件）完成机械运动，从而也可以通过机械装置来操纵相应的极限值（电流强度极限值和最小持续时间）。
在本发明的另一优选实施形式中，设置短路开关，所述短路开关在电流强度高于电流强度极限值时被断开。由此，除了过载保护功能之外也提供短路保护功能。仅需要一个短路开关，因为确实仅存在具有所述一个过载开关的一个支路。
在本发明的另一优选实施形式中，设置用于测量（外部）温度的装置，其中在不同的温度时使用不同的电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间。这里利用针对电流强度和持续时间的极限值的可变化性，以便进行特别精细的协调：因为充电线缆的持久载荷能力尤其是可能取决于其温度（并且从而通常取决于外部温度）。
用于对机动车中的用于电荷的存储器充电的本发明方法，所述机动车经由充电线缆与充电设备耦合，具有以下步骤：通过充电设备检测充电线缆的类型并且根据充电线缆的类型来确定触发参量的极限值，其中该极限值确定充电过程的中断。根据本发明，充电过程的该中断对于极限值中的至少两个来说与所确定的极限值无关地在相同的过载开关上进行。
因此，需要比根据现有技术少的过载开关，在所述现有技术中给每个确定的极限值恰好分配一个过载开关。
优选地，极限值也根据温度来确定，对此参见上面的阐述。
附图说明
下面参照附图描述本发明的优选实施形式，其中
图1示出本发明充电设备以及具有电传动装置的、连接到该充电设备的机动车的示意图，和
图2示出在第一位置中机械元件对双金属元件的作用，和
图3示出在第二位置时图2的机械元件对双金属元件的作用。
具体实施方式
整体上用10表示的充电站用于对具有电传动装置16的机动车中的储能器（例如蓄电池）14充电。为了充电，机动车12经由充电线缆18与充电设备10耦合，而且一方面插入到机动车12的插孔20处并且另一方面插到充电设备10的插孔22处。充电设备10自身从电网24吸入电流。
在充电线缆中存在单独的电阻Ri，充电设备10通过所述电阻可以识别出充电线缆18的持久荷载能力是怎样的。例如，经由充电线缆流动的电流的电流强度可以借助于转换器26来测量并且由电量计28估计，并且所施加的电压是已知的，因此可以确定电阻Ri。根据电阻Ri，控制装置30确定电流强度极限值和最小持续时间。
这尤其是也可以根据由温度探头31测量的温度进行。在对储能器14充电期间，开关32和35闭合。借助于转换器26和电量计28监控流动的电流的电流强度。如果所述电流强度超过电流强度极限值长达大于最小持续时间的持续时间，则控制装置30控制触发单元34，所述触发单元断开开关32。开关32因此是过载开关。开关35是短路开关，其在特别高的电流时断开。
当前，利用本来存在的电流电量计和控制装置30来控制触发装置34。但是，电流强度的测量和所述控制可以集成在唯一的微处理器中。
代替当前通过控制装置30、通过后续的测量值分析和进一步的控制来利用测量值，也可以使用纯机械解决方案：因此可以将按照开关32类型的过载开关构造为开关132，所述开关132具有施加在接触38上的双金属元件36。根据充电线缆18的测得的电阻Ri，现在通过按照控制装置30类型的适当的控制装置将推杆40移动到位置s1或位置s2中。根据不同的位置，双金属元件为了弯曲必须施加不同的反作用力。因此，推杆40的位置确定：从哪个能量记录起双金属元件36从接触38移开。该能量记录与超过了电流强度极限值的电流强度和最小持续时间（所述超过电流强度极限值在该最小持续时间期间发生）成比例。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车（12）的充电设备（10），具有过载开关（32）和用于在经由过载开关流动的电流的在最小持续时间期间占优势的电流强度高于电流强度极限值时断开过载开关（32）的装置（28，30，34），其特征在于，用于断开的装置（26，28，30，34）在至少两种不同的运行模式中使用不同的电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间。
2.按照权利要求1所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，用于断开的装置（26，28，30，34）被设计用于自动地采取运行模式并且因此确定要使用的电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间。
3.按照权利要求2所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，具有用于检测连接到充电设备的充电线缆（18）和/或经由充电线缆连接的机动车（12）的至少一个特性（Ri）的装置（36,38,30），其中用于断开的装置被设计用于根据该特性来采取运行模式。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，用于断开的装置（28，30，34）具有用于测量电流强度的装置（26，28）并且具有控制装置（30），所述控制装置接收用于测量的装置（26，28）的测量值并且根据所述测量值控制用于断开的机电单元（34）。
5.按照权利要求4所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，用于测量的装置（26，28）和控制装置（30）作为分离的部件被提供。
6.按照权利要求4所述的充电设备，其特征在于，用于测量的装置和控制装置共同通过微处理器提供。
7.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的充电设备，其特征在于，用于断开的装置具有机械元件（40），所述机械元件的不同的位置对应于不同的运行模式。
8.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，具有短路开关（35），该短路开关被设计为使得所述短路开关在电流强度高于电流强度极限值时被断开。
9.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的充电设备（10），其特征在于，具有用于测量温度的装置（31），其中在不同的温度时使用不同的电流强度极限值和/或最小持续时间。
10.一种用于对机动车（12）中的用于电荷的存储器（14）充电的方法，所述机动车经由充电线缆（18）与充电设备（10）耦合，具有以下步骤：通过充电设备检测充电线缆（18）的类型并且根据充电线缆（18）的类型来确定触发参量的极限值，所述极限值确定充电过程的中断，其特征在于，充电过程的中断对于极限值中的至少两个来说与所确定的极限值无关地在相同的过载开关上进行。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，极限值也根据温度来确定。
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